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averred that "these placards were made at Neuchâtel in
Switzerland by a certain Antoine Marcourd". Writing anonymously the following month, Marcourt took credit for the placards in the address to benevolent readers of his anonymous "Most useful and salutary little treatise of the holy Eucharist",
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The placards carried the title "Genuine articles on the horrific, great and unbearable abuses of the papal mass, invented directly contrary to the Holy Supper of our Lord, sole mediator and sole savior Jesus Christ.". This provocative title was a direct attack on
Catholic conceptions of the
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published at Neuchâtel, 16 November 1534, in which he avers "I have been moved by true affection to compose and edit in writing some true
Articles on the unbearable abuses of the Mass. Which Articles I wish to be published and posted throughout the public places of the land..."
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The polemic against the
Catholic Church was considered a severe insult to Catholics, and the King now publicly affirmed his Catholic faith. The immediate public outcry necessitated the flight of several prominent Protestant leaders, including
199:"j'ai esté esmeu par bonne affection de composer et rédiger en escript aucuns Articles véritables sur les importables abuz de la Messe. Lesquels Articles je desire estre publiéz et attachéz par tous les lieux publicques de la terre..."
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Processions were announced in all the parishes of Paris for the following Sunday. In Paris, the King himself stood under the canopy where the Most Holy
Eucharist was usually carried, making a clear political statement.
190:"Articles véritables sur les horribles, grans et importables abuz de la messe papale, inventée directement contre la Sainte Cène de notre Seigneur, seul médiateur et seul Sauveur Jésus-Christ".
219:"ces placcards avoyent esté faicts à Neufchastel en Suysse par un certain Antoine Marcourd". Froment, manuscript Actes et Gestes, cahier 33, Geneva archives, noted under Number 485 of the
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was advertised for information leading to the arrest of the perpetrator or perpetrators, who were to be burned at the stake. Protestant sympathizers were soon identified and sent to the
155:. The first condemnations were pronounced 10 November 1534; the first of those burned at the stake, on 13 November, was a cripple named Barthélemi Milon.
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The individual who has been traditionally credited as the chief inspiration, if not the direct author, of the placards, was the French
Protestant leader
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In another provocative action on 13 January 1535, when François had recently returned to Paris, broadsheets of a tract on the
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The Body broken: the
Calvinist doctrine of the Eucharist and the symbolization of power in sixteenth-century France
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66:, in the night of the 17 to 18 October 1534. One of the posters was posted on the bedchamber door of King
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brought an end to the conciliatory policies of
Francis, which had formerly attempted to protect the
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Herminjard's number 485, pp. 224ff, prints the address "aux bénévoles
Lecteurs" of the anonymous
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were deposited in the streets and doorways of Paris. Later, printing was banned by royal decree.
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Correspondance des réformateurs dans les pays de langue française: recueillie et publiée...
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236:(Neuchâtel, 16 November 1534), which Herminjard attributes to Antoine de Marcourt.
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An example of the placards in the
Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris.
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Petit traicte tres utile et salutaire de la saincte Eucharistie...
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223:by Aimé Louis Herminjard (1866), p 225, note 4.
113:Real presence of Christ in the Eucharist
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82:from the more extreme measures of the
50:and in four major provincial cities,
16:1534 anti-Catholic protest in France
147:In addition, a reward of a hundred
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163:, and of scholars and poets like
299:History of Catholicism in France
246:The Origins of the Modern Public
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269:By Christopher Elwood: pp.
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257:Herminjard, p. 227, note 6.
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130:, was the real author:
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29:Affair of the Placards
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103:. The text supported
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76:Affaire des Placards
37:Affaire des Placards
124:Antoine de Marcourt
107:'s position on the
248:, CBC Radio, Ideas
88:Philip Melanchthon
84:Parlement de Paris
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111:which denied the
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294:History of Paris
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161:John Calvin
80:Protestants
283:Categories
207:References
172:Sacraments
139:Aftermath
101:Eucharist
68:Francis I
153:Châtelet
41:Catholic
304:Posters
128:Picardy
105:Zwingli
72:Amboise
64:Orléans
44:posters
33:French
271:29–30
178:Notes
60:Tours
56:Rouen
52:Blois
48:Paris
149:Ă©cus
109:Mass
62:and
27:The
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