Eucharist - Knowledge

4498:"9.1 Concerning the thanksgiving give thanks thus: 9.2 First, concerning the cup: "We give thanks to you, our Father, For the holy vine of David your servant which you have revealed to us through Jesus your servant. To you be glory for ever". 9.3 And concerning the fragment: "We give thanks to you, our Father, For the life and knowledge, which you have revealed to us through Jesus your servant". But let no one eat or drink of your Eucharist, unless they have been baptized into the name of the Lord; for concerning this also the Lord has said, "Give not that which is holy to the dogs". 10.1 After you have had your fill, give thanks thus: 10.2 We give thanks to you holy Father for your holy Name which you have made to dwell in our hearts and for the knowledge, faith and immortality which you have revealed to us through Jesus your servant. To you be glory for ever. 10.3 You Lord almighty have created everything for the sake of your Name; you have given human beings food and drink to partake with enjoyment so that they might give thanks; but to us you have given the grace of spiritual food and drink and of eternal life through Jesus your servant. 10.4 Above all we give you thanks because you are mighty. To you be glory for ever. 10.5 Remember Lord your Church, to preserve it from all evil and to make it perfect in your love. And, sanctified, gather it from the four winds into your kingdom which you have prepared for it. Because yours is the power and the glory for ever. ..." 4117: 7402:

faith, nor only as a sign of our unity in faith, nor merely as an assurance of the forgiveness of sin. Even more, in this sacrament the Lutheran Christian receives the very body and blood of Christ precisely for the strengthening of faith, nor only as a sign of our unity in faith, nor merely as an assurance of the forgiveness of sin. Even more, in this sacrament the Lutheran Christian receives the very body and blood of Christ precisely for the strengthening of union of faith. The "real presence" of Christ in the Holy Sacrament is the means by which the union of faith, effected by God's Word and the sacrament of baptism, is strengthened and maintained. Intimate union with Christ, in other words, leads directly to the most intimate communion in his holy body and blood.

3183:, the Reformed tradition had long eschewed coming forward to receive communion, preferring to have the elements distributed throughout the congregation by the presbyters (elders) more in the style of a shared meal. Over the last half a century it is much more common in Presbyterian churches to have Holy Communion monthly or on a weekly basis. It is also becoming common to receive the elements by intinction (receiving a piece of consecrated bread or wafer, dipping it in the blessed wine, and consuming it). Wine and grape juice are both used, depending on the congregation. Most Reformed churches practice "open communion", i.e., all believers who are united to a church of like faith and practice, and who are not living in sin, would be allowed to join in the Sacrament. 2488: 79: 3919: 4016:, which summarized and clarified earlier declarations. The Catholic Church believes that the matter for the Eucharist must be wheaten bread and fermented wine from grapes: it holds that, if the gluten has been entirely removed, the result is not true wheaten bread. For celiacs, but not generally, it allows low-gluten bread. It also permits Holy Communion to be received under the form of either bread or wine alone, except by a priest who is celebrating Mass without other priests or as principal celebrant. Many Protestant churches offer communicants gluten-free alternatives to wheaten bread, usually in the form of a rice-based or other gluten-free wafer. 2228:, of which no one is allowed to partake but the man who believes that the things which we teach are true, and who has been washed with the washing that is for the remission of sins, and unto regeneration, and who is so living as Christ has enjoined. For not as common bread and common drink do we receive these; but in like manner as Jesus Christ our Saviour, having been made flesh by the Word of God, had both flesh and blood for our salvation, so likewise have we been taught that the food which is blessed by the prayer of His word, and from which our blood and flesh by transmutation are nourished, is the flesh and blood of that Jesus who was made flesh. 2886:

inner grace". The words of administration at communion allow for real presence or for a real but spiritual presence (Calvinist receptionism and virtualism). This concept was congenial to most Anglicans well into the 19th century. From the 1840s, the Tractarians reintroduced the idea of "the real presence" to suggest a corporeal presence, which could be done since the language of the BCP rite referred to the body and blood of Christ without details as well as referring to these as spiritual food at other places in the text. Both are found in the Latin and other rites, but in the former, a definite interpretation as corporeal is applied.

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half of verse 19 and all of verse 20 ("given for you poured out for you"), which are found in the vast majority of ancient witnesses to the text. If the shorter text is the original one, then Luke's account is independent of both that of Paul and that of Matthew/Mark. If the majority longer text comes from the author of the third gospel, then this version is very similar to that of Paul in 1 Corinthians, being somewhat fuller in its description of the early part of the Supper, particularly in making specific mention of a cup being blessed before the bread was broken.

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faith, nor only as a sign of our unity in faith, nor merely as an assurance of the forgiveness of sin. Even more, in this sacrament the Lutheran Christian receives the very body and blood of Christ precisely for the strengthening of the union of faith. The "real presence" of Christ in the Holy Sacrament is the means by which the union of faith, effected by God's Word and the sacrament of baptism, is strengthened and maintained. Intimate union with Christ, in other words, leads directly to the most intimate communion in his holy body and blood.

3132: 1430: 2628:. The flesh of that Passover sacrificial lamb was to be consumed by the family members. Any left overs were to be burned before daybreak so that none of the Passover Lamb's flesh remained. It is to be noted that only by marking the doorposts and lintel of one's home with the Blood of the Lamb were the members of the household saved from death. The consumption of the Lamb was not to save them but rather to give them energy for the journey of escape (Exodus = escape from slavery in Egypt) as was also true for the unleavened bread ( 2547: 2085:

that would lead to the cross, and his long discourse in response to some questions posed by his followers, in which he went on to speak of the importance of the unity of the disciples with him, with each other, and with God. Some would find in this unity and in the washing of the feet the deeper meaning of the Communion bread in the other three Gospels. In John 6:26–65, a long discourse is attributed to Jesus that deals with the subject of the living bread; John 6:51–59 also contains echoes of Eucharistic language.

4507:"14.1 But every Lord's day do ye gather yourselves together, and break bread, and give thanksgiving after having confessed your transgressions, that your sacrifice may be pure. 14.2. But let no one that is at variance with his fellow come together with you, until they be reconciled, that your sacrifice may not be profaned. 14.3. For this is that which was spoken by the Lord: In every place and time offer to me a pure sacrifice; for I am a great King, saith the Lord, and my name is wonderful among the nations." 2515:) while the appearances or "species" of the bread and wine remain unaltered (e.g. colour, taste, feel, and smell). This change is brought about in the eucharistic prayer through the efficacy of the word of Christ and by the action of the Holy Spirit. The Eucharistic presence of Christ begins at the moment of the consecration and endures as long as the Eucharistic species subsist, that is, until the Eucharist is digested, physically destroyed, or decays by some natural process (at which point, theologian 2859: 1629: 3835:. Some churches do not limit it to only members of the congregation, but to any people in attendance (regardless of Christian affiliation) who consider themselves to be Christian. Others require that the communicant be a baptized person, or a member of a church of that denomination or a denomination of "like faith and practice". Some Progressive Christian congregations offer communion to any individual who wishes to commemorate the life and teachings of Christ, regardless of religious affiliation. 3842:, the second-largest denomination in this movement. While The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the largest of the LDS denominations) technically practice a closed communion, their official direction to local Church leaders (in Handbook 2, section 20.4.1, last paragraph) is as follows: "Although the sacrament is for Church members, the bishopric should not announce that it will be passed to members only, and nothing should be done to prevent nonmembers from partaking of it." 516: 3290: 2388:, attempting to present the common understanding of the Eucharist on the part of the generality of Christians, describes it as "essentially the sacrament of the gift which God makes to us in Christ through the power of the Holy Spirit", "Thanksgiving to the Father", "Anamnesis or Memorial of Christ", "the sacrament of the unique sacrifice of Christ, who ever lives to make intercession for us", "the sacrament of the body and blood of Christ, the sacrament of his 10941: 1148: 2002: 2665: 3902:, if offered, on the night before receiving communion. Furthermore, various pre-communion prayers have been composed, which many (but not all) Orthodox churches require or at least strongly encourage members to say privately before coming to the Eucharist. However, all this will typically vary from priest to priest and jurisdiction to jurisdiction, but abstaining from food and water for several hours beforehand is a fairly universal rule. 6710: 10930: 4035:(grape juice in which fermentation has begun but has been suspended without altering the nature of the juice), and it holds that "since Christ is sacramentally present under each of the species, communion under the species of bread alone makes it possible to receive all the fruit of Eucharistic grace. For pastoral reasons, this manner of receiving communion has been legitimately established as the most common form in the Latin rite." 2947: 2448:, according to the church the Eucharist is "the source and summit of the Christian life". "The other sacraments, and indeed all ecclesiastical ministries and works of the apostolate, are bound up with the Eucharist and are oriented toward it. For in the blessed Eucharist is contained the whole spiritual good of the Church, namely Christ himself, our Pasch." ("Pasch" is a word that sometimes means Easter, sometimes Passover.) 2433: 3030: 3673: 2112: 2543:) says "The Body of Christ" when administering the Host and "The Blood of Christ" when presenting the chalice, the communicant who receives either one receives Christ, whole and entire. "Christ is present whole and entire in each of the species and whole and entire in each of their parts, in such a way that the breaking of the bread does not divide Christ." 3259:, a founder of Methodism, said that it was the duty of Christians to receive the sacrament as often as possible. Methodists in the United States are encouraged to celebrate the Eucharist every Sunday, though it is typically celebrated on the first Sunday of each month, while a few go as long as celebrating quarterly (a tradition dating back to the days of 8849:. Although a standardized symptom rating scale is not yet applied worldwide, a recent study indicated that a decrease of the global symptom score higher than 50% after GFD can be regarded as confirmatory of NCGS (Table 1) . After the confirmation of NCGS diagnosis, according to the previously mentioned work-up, patients are advized to start with a GFD . 1873:" of the bread and wine at the altar, their consecration by the priest through prayer, and their reception by the congregation in Holy Communion. Among the many other terms used in the Catholic Church are "Holy Mass", "the Memorial of the Passion, Death and Resurrection of the Lord", the "Holy Sacrifice of the Mass", and the "Holy Mysteries". 3128:), the Eucharist is variously administered. The Calvinist view of the Sacrament sees a real presence of Christ in the supper which differs both from the objective ontological presence of the Catholic view, and from the real absence of Christ and the mental recollection of the memorialism of the Zwinglians and their successors. 2336:. They attribute the real presence of Jesus' living body to his word spoken in the Eucharist, and not to the faith of those receiving it. They also believe that "forgiveness of sins, life, and salvation" are given through the words of Christ in the Eucharist to those who believe his words ("given and shed for you"). 2469:"When the Church celebrates the Eucharist, she commemorates Christ's Passover, and it is made present the sacrifice Christ offered once for all on the cross remains ever present. The Eucharist is thus a sacrifice because it re-presents (makes present) the same and only sacrifice offered once for all on the cross" 3933: 3706:) wrote of the Eucharist "of which no one is allowed to partake but the man who believes that we teach are true, and who has been washed with the washing that is for the remission of sins and unto regeneration, and who is so living as Christ has enjoined." This was continued in the practice of dismissing the 3192: 4799:

By the late 1840s Anglo-Catholic interest in the revival of ritual had given new life to doctrinal debate over the nature of the Eucharist. Initially, 'the Tractarians were concerned only to exalt the importance of the sacrament and did not engage in doctrinal speculation'. Indeed they were generally

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In this "sacramental union", Lutherans taught, the body and blood of Christ are so truly united to the bread and wine of the Holy Communion that the two may be identified. They are at the same time body and blood, bread and wine. This divine food is given, more-over, not just for the strengthening of

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Some fear contagion through the handling involved in distributing the hosts to the communicants, even if they are placed on the hand rather than on the tongue. Accordingly, some churches use mechanical wafer dispensers or "pillow packs" (communion wafers with wine inside them). While these methods of

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In influenza epidemics, some churches suspend the giving wine at communion, for fear of spreading the disease. This is in full accord with Catholic Church belief that communion under the form of bread alone makes it possible to receive all the fruit of Eucharistic grace. However, the same measure has

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The Memorial, held after sundown, includes a sermon on the meaning and importance of the celebration and gathering, and includes the circulation of unadulterated red wine and unleavened bread (matzo). Jehovah's Witnesses believe that the bread represents Jesus' perfect body which he gave on behalf of

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are provided for various occasions, including communion of the sick and brief forms for occasions that call for greater brevity. Though the ritual is standardized, there is great variation amongst Methodist churches, from typically high-church to low-church, in the enactment and style of celebration.

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in celebration of the Lord's supper on a quarterly basis, to give proper time for reflection and inward consideration of one's own state and sin. Recently, Presbyterian and Reformed Churches have been considering whether to restore more frequent communion, including weekly communion in more churches,

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The bread and wine become the means by which the believer has real communion with Christ in his death and Christ's body and blood are present to the faith of the believer as really as the bread and wine are present to their senses but this presence is "spiritual", that is the work of the Holy Spirit.

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Christ gives his body and blood according to his promise to all who partake of the elements. When we eat and drink the bread and the wine of the Supper with expectant faith, we thereby have communion with the body and blood of our Lord and receive the forgiveness of sins, life, and salvation. In this

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The sacrifice of Christ and the sacrifice of the Eucharist are considered as one single sacrifice: "The victim is one and the same: the same now offers through the ministry of priests, who then offered himself on the cross; only the manner of offering is different." In the holy sacrifice of the Mass,

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This covenant, the blood of Christ, that is, the pouring forth of his blood as a sacrficial victim, at once procured and ratified; so that it stands firm to all truly penitent and contrite spirits who believe in him: and of this great truth, the Lord's Supper was the instituted sign and seal; and he

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judges to be sacramentally in the same position as these churches; and in grave and pressing need, such as danger of death, it allows the Eucharist to be administered also to individuals who do not belong to these churches but who share the Catholic Church's faith in the reality of the Eucharist and

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Communion practices and frequency vary among congregations. A typical practice is to have small cups of juice and plates of broken bread distributed to the seated congregation. In other congregations, communicants may proceed to the altar to receive the elements, then return to their seats. A widely

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itself has repeatedly refused to make official any definition of "the presence of Christ". Church authorities prefer to leave it a mystery while proclaiming the consecrated bread and wine to be "spiritual food" of "Christ's Most Precious Body and Blood"; the bread and wine are an "outward sign of an

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Risk of infectious disease transmission related to use of a common communion cup exists but it is low. No case of transmission of an infectious disease related to a common communion cup has ever been documented. Experimental studies have demonstrated that infectious diseases can be transmitted. The

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the Eucharist is only given to those who have come prepared to receive the life-giving body and blood. Therefore, in a manner to worthily receive, believers fast the night before the liturgy, from around 6pm or the conclusion of evening prayer, and remain fasting until they receive Holy Qurbana the

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Christians, but an individual's eligibility to participate depends on the views of each particular assembly. The service takes the form of non-liturgical, open worship with all male participants allowed to pray audibly and select hymns or readings. The breaking of bread itself typically consists of

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Both receptionism and virtualism assert the real presence. The former places emphasis on the recipient and the latter states "the presence" is confected by the power of the Holy Spirit but not in Christ's natural body. His presence is objective and does not depend on its existence from the faith of

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and only those who are in a state of grace, that is, without any mortal sin, can receive it. Based on 1 Corinthians 11:27–29, it affirms the following: "Anyone who is aware of having committed a mortal sin must not receive Holy Communion, even if he experiences deep contrition, without having first

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in 1215 spoke of the bread and wine as "transubstantiated" into the body and blood of Christ: "His body and blood are truly contained in the sacrament of the altar under the forms of bread and wine, the bread and wine having been transubstantiated, by God's power, into his body and blood". In 1551,

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They abstain from the Eucharist and from prayer, because they confess not the Eucharist to be the flesh of our Saviour Jesus Christ, which suffered for our sins, and which the Father, of His goodness, raised up again. Let that be deemed a proper Eucharist, which is either by the bishop, or by one

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In the Gospel of John, however, the account of the Last Supper does not mention Jesus taking bread and "the cup" and speaking of them as his body and blood; instead, it recounts other events: his humble act of washing the disciples' feet, the prophecy of the betrayal, which set in motion the events

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So Paul's use of the term "Lord's Supper" in reference to the Corinthian banquet is powerful and interesting; but to be an actual name for the Christian meal, rather than a meaningful phrase connected with an ephemeral rhetorical contrast, it would have to have some history, previous or subsequent.

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Jesus Christ is in the midst of the congregation as the crucified, risen, and returning Lord. Thus His once-brought sacrifice is also present in that its effect grants the individual access to salvation. In this way, the celebration of Holy Communion causes the partakers to repeatedly envision the

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In the synoptic Gospels, Mark 14:22–25, Matthew 26:26–29 and Luke 22:13–20 depict Jesus as presiding over the Last Supper prior to his crucifixion. The versions in Matthew and Mark are almost identical, but the Gospel of Luke presents a textual difference, in that a few manuscripts omit the second

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that served multiple churches). Communicants may receive standing, kneeling, or while seated. Gaining more wide acceptance is the practice of receiving by intinction (receiving a piece of consecrated bread or wafer, dipping it in the blessed wine, and consuming it). The most common alternative to

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Some Baptist churches are closed-Communionists (even requiring full membership in the local church congregation before partaking), with others being partially or fully open-Communionists. It is rare to find a Baptist church where the Lord's Supper is observed every Sunday; most observe monthly or

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In this "sacramental union," Lutherans thought, the body and blood of Christ are so united to the bread and wine of the Holy Communion that the two may be identified. They are at the same time body and blood, bread and wine. This divine food is given, more-over, not just for the strengthening of

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Holy Communion, of course, is a central act of worship for all Christians, and it should come as no surprise that it was also highly esteemed in the Moravian Church. Zinzendorf referred to it as the "most intimate of all connection with the person of the Saviour." The real presence of Christ was

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definitively declared: "Because Christ our Redeemer said that it was truly his body that he was offering under the species of bread, it has always been the conviction of the Church of God, and this holy Council now declares again that by the consecration of the bread and wine there takes place a

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Traditionally, the Eastern Orthodox church has required its members to have observed all church-appointed fasts (most weeks, this will be at least Wednesday and Friday) for the week prior to partaking of communion, and to fast from all food and water from midnight the night before. In addition,

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The Catholic Church sees as the main basis for this belief the words of Jesus himself at his Last Supper: the synoptic Gospels and Paul's recount that Jesus at the time of taking the bread and the cup said: "This is my body this is my blood." The Catholic understanding of these words, from the

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While an official movement exists in Lutheran congregations to celebrate Eucharist weekly, using formal rites very similar to the Catholic and "high" Anglican services, it was historically common for congregations to celebrate monthly or even quarterly. Even in congregations where Eucharist is

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1 Corinthians 11:23–25 gives the earliest recorded description of Jesus' Last Supper: "The Lord Jesus on the night when he was betrayed took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it and said, 'This is my body, which is for you. Do this in remembrance of me.'" The Greek word used in the

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and anti-Jewish ideology and violence. In medieval times, Jews were often depicted stabbing or in some other way physically harming communion wafers. These characterizations drew parallels to the idea that the Jews killed Christ; murdering this transubstantiation or "host" was thought of as a

6286: 2840:, prayer, consecration of the elements, distribution of the elements, partaking of the elements, and a benediction. Moravian Christians traditionally practice footwashing before partaking in the Lord's Supper, although in certain Moravian congregations, this rite is observed chiefly on 2190:

Take heed, then, to have but one Eucharist. For there is one flesh of our Lord Jesus Christ, and one cup to the unity of His blood; one altar; as there is one bishop, along with the presbytery and deacons, my fellow-servants: that so, whatsoever you do, you may do it according to

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accepted practice is for all to receive and hold the elements until everyone is served, then consume the bread and cup in unison. Usually, music is performed and Scripture such as the precise verses of Jesus speaking at the Last Supper is read during the receiving of the elements.

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believe that the body and blood of Christ are "truly and substantially present in, with, and under the forms" of the consecrated bread and wine (the elements), so that communicants eat and drink the body and blood of Christ himself as well as the bread and wine in the Eucharistic

2473:"it is Christ himself, the eternal high priest of the New Covenant who, acting through the ministry of the priests, offers the Eucharistic sacrifice. And it is the same Christ, really present under the species of bread and wine, who is the offering of the Eucharistic sacrifice." 3601:. This is because they believe that these are unnecessary for the living of a Christian life, and because in the opinion of Salvation Army founders William and Catherine Booth, the sacrament placed too much stress on outward ritual and too little on inward spiritual conversion. 2890:

the recipient. The liturgy petitions that elements "be" rather than "become" the body and blood of Christ leaving aside any theory of a change in the natural elements: bread and wine are the outer reality and "the presence" is the inner invisible except as perceived in faith.

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to stop the fermentation process the juice naturally undergoes and de-alcoholized wine from which most of the alcohol has been removed (between 0.5% and 2% remains) are commonly used, and more rarely water may be offered. Exclusive use of unfermented grape juice is common in

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doctrine, though this term is specifically rejected by Lutheran churches and theologians since it creates confusion about the actual doctrine and subjects the doctrine to the control of a non-biblical philosophical concept in the same manner as, in their view, does the term

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charges, with Jews being accused of murdering bodies of Christ, whether they be communion wafers or Christian children. The blood libel charges and the concept of Eucharist are also related in the belief that blood is efficacious, meaning it has some sort of divine power.

3082:, the Eucharist is more commonly called the Breaking of Bread or the Lord's Supper. They believe it is only a symbolic reenactment of the Last Supper and a memorial, and is central to the worship of both individual and assembly. In principle, the service is open to all 3894:

Orthodox Christians are to have made a recent confession to their priest (the frequency varying with one's particular priest), and they must be at peace with all others, meaning that they hold no grudges or anger against anyone. In addition, one is expected to attend

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The Methodists believe, that the covenant of grace has been administered and renewed in different ages of the world. Under the gospel, Christ the substance, prefigured by these shadows, being exhibited, the ordinances in and by which this covenant is dispensed, are

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who in faith drinks of the cup, having reference to its signification, that blood of Christ which confirms to true believers the whole covenant of grace, is assured thereby of its faithfulness and permanence, and derives to himself the fulness of its blessings.

1931:, in addition to the terms "Eucharist", "Mass" and "Holy Communion". Historically this refers (like the term "worship" itself) to service of God, although more recently it has been associated with the idea that God is serving the congregants in the liturgy. 3526:

mankind, and that the wine represents his perfect blood which he shed to redeem fallen man from inherited sin and death. The wine and the bread (sometimes referred to as "emblems") are viewed as symbolic and commemorative; the Witnesses do not believe in

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and the Eucharist. Most scholars date it to the late 1st century, and distinguish in it two separate Eucharistic traditions, the earlier tradition in chapter 10 and the later one preceding it in chapter 9. The Eucharist is mentioned again in chapter 14.

1756:) appears in various related forms five times in the New Testament in contexts which, according to some, may refer to the celebration of the Eucharist, in either closer or symbolically more distant reference to the Last Supper. This term is used by the 6290: 1672:. Others, such as the Catholic Church, do not formally use this term for the rite, but instead mean by it the act of partaking of the consecrated elements; they speak of receiving Holy Communion at Mass or outside of it, they also use the term 4141:

distributing communion are not generally accepted in Catholic parishes, one parish provides a mechanical dispenser to allow those intending to commune to place in a bowl, without touching them by hand, the hosts for use in the celebration.

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The Catholic Church believes that grape juice that has not begun even minimally to ferment cannot be accepted as wine, which it sees as essential for celebration of the Eucharist. For non-alcoholics, but not generally, it allows the use of

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in orientation. The Anglican churches do not adhere to the belief that the Lord's Supper is merely a devotional reflection on Christ's death. For some Anglicans, Christ is spiritually present in the fullness of his person in the Eucharist.

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Seventh-day Adventists Believe: An exposition of the fundamental beliefs of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. 2nd edition, 2005. Copyright Ministeral Association, General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists. Chapter 16: The Lord's

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quarterly, with some holding Communion only during a designated Communion service or following a worship service. Adults and children in attendance who have not made a profession of faith in Christ are expected to not participate.

2722:, a variety of anaphoras are used, but all are similar in structure to those of the Constantinopolitan Rite, in which the Anaphora of Saint John Chrysostom is used most days of the year; Saint Basil's is offered on the Sundays of 2686:) or similar names in other rites. It comprises two main divisions: the first is the "Liturgy of the Catechumens" which consists of introductory litanies, antiphons and scripture readings, culminating in a reading from one of the 7734:: which ordinances, though fewer in number, and administered with more simplicity, and less external glory, yet hold forth this covenant in greater fulness, evidence, and spiritual efficacy to all nations, both Jews and Gentiles. 7469: 2131:

with which the Eucharist was originally associated. The Agape feast is mentioned in Jude 12 but "The Lord's Supper" is now commonly used in reference to a celebration involving no food other than the sacramental bread and wine.

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change of the whole substance of the bread into the substance of the body of Christ and of the whole substance of the wine into the substance of his blood. This change the holy Catholic Church has fittingly and properly called

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of the bread and wine as the genuine body and blood of Christ is specifically requested, but since the anaphora as a whole is considered a unitary (albeit lengthy) prayer, no one moment within it can readily be singled out.

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of the Moravian Church, stated that Holy Communion is the "most intimate of all connection with the person of the Saviour." The Order of Service for the observance of the Lord's Supper includes a salutation, hymns, the

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is exposed to and adored by the faithful. When this exposure and adoration is constant (twenty-four hours a day), it is called "Perpetual Adoration". In a parish, this is usually done by volunteer parishioners; in a

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one leavened loaf, which is prayed over and broken by a participant in the meeting and then shared around. The wine is poured from a single container into one or several vessels, and these are again shared around.

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in affirming that the Eucharist contains the true, historical body of Jesus Christ. According to Paschasius, God is truth itself, and therefore, his words and actions must be true. Christ's proclamation at the

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authors onward, has emphasized their roots in the covenantal history of the Old Testament. The interpretation of Christ's words against this Old Testament background coheres with and supports belief in the

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and Doctrine and Covenants. The prayer contains the above essentials given by Jesus: "Always remember him, and keep his commandments that they may always have his Spirit to be with them." (Moroni, 4:3.)

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specifies, on days during which Holy Communion is celebrated, that "Upon entering the church let the communicants bow in prayer and in the spirit of prayer and meditation approach the Blessed Sacrament."

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There is no standard frequency; John Calvin desired weekly communion, but the city council only approved monthly, and monthly celebration has become the most common practice in Reformed churches today.

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state that he commanded them to "do this in memory of me" while referring to the bread as "my body" and the cup of wine as "the blood of my covenant, which is poured out for many". According to the

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considering that infrequent communion was derived from a memorialist view of the Lord's Supper, rather than Calvin's view of the sacrament as a means of grace. Some churches use bread without any

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as unleavened bread (although leavened bread is often used) and, in line with the historical stance of some Baptist groups (since the mid-19th century) against partaking of alcoholic beverages,

2799:. In the more modern groups, Communion is only the serving of the Lord's Supper. In the communion meal, the members of the Mennonite churches renew their covenant with God and with each other. 2077:—which is otherwise unknown in Classical Greek literature—was interpreted by some early Christian writers as meaning "super-substantial", and hence a possible reference to the Eucharist as the 8521: 8175: 7897: 3633:

do not observe physical communion with bread and wine, but spiritual communion at two special Sunday services each year by "uniting together with Christ in silent prayer and on bended knee".

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Some Protestant churches allow communion in a non-alcoholic form, either normatively or as a pastoral exception. Since the invention of the necessary technology, grape juice which has been

2694:; the second is the "Liturgy of the Faithful" in which the Eucharist is offered, consecrated, and received as Holy Communion. Within the latter, the actual Eucharistic prayer is called the 2466:, "The Eucharist is the very sacrifice of the Body and Blood of the Lord Jesus which he instituted to perpetuate the sacrifice of the cross throughout the ages until his return in glory." 2962:, which they commonly refer to simply as "the Cup". The unleavened bread also underscores the symbolic belief attributed to Christ's breaking the bread and saying that it was his body. A 1034: 3552:, the "Holy Sacrament of the Lord's Supper", more simply referred to as the Sacrament, is administered every Sunday (except General Conference or other special Sunday meeting) in each 7466: 4129:. A study of 681 individuals found that taking communion up to daily from a common cup did not increase the risk of infection beyond that of those who did not attend services at all. 3597:

does not reject the Eucharistic practices of other churches or deny that their members truly receive grace through this sacrament, it does not practice the sacraments of Communion or

4597:

In most United Church of Christ local churches, the Communion Table is "open to all Christians who wish to know the presence of Christ and to share in the community of God's people".

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under normal circumstances. However, the Catholic Church allows administration of the Eucharist, at their spontaneous request, to properly disposed members of the eastern churches (

2591:

Since the Eucharist is the body and blood of Christ, "the worship due to the sacrament of the Eucharist, whether during the celebration of the Mass or outside it, is the worship of

8815:

Volta U, Caio G, De Giorgio R, Henriksen C, Skodje G, Lundin KE (June 2015). "Non-celiac gluten sensitivity: a work-in-progress entity in the spectrum of wheat-related disorders".

4800:

hostile to the doctrine of transubstantiation. For an orthodox Anglo-Catholic such as Dyce the doctrine of the Real Presence was acceptable, but that of transubstantiation was not.

2310:

teach that the reality (the "substance") of the elements of bread and wine is wholly changed into the body and blood of Jesus Christ, while the appearances (the "species") remain.

2053:

does not reference the Last Supper explicitly, some argue that it contains theological allusions to the early Christian celebration of the Eucharist, especially in the chapter 6

7450: 3522:" also benefit from the ransom sacrifice, and are respectful observers and viewers of the Lord's Supper, but they hope to obtain everlasting life in Paradise restored on earth. 9728: 6716: 6398: 3684:, the administration of the Eucharist to children requires that they have sufficient knowledge and careful preparation to receive the body of Christ with faith and devotion. 1598:

When you come together, it is not the Lord's Supper you eat, for as you eat, each of you goes ahead without waiting for anybody else. One remains hungry, another gets drunk.

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Some use the term "close communion" for restriction to members of the same denomination, and "closed communion" for restriction to members of the local congregation alone.

3207:

with his worshipping people and gives himself to them as their Lord and Saviour". Methodist theology of this sacrament is reflected in one of the fathers of the movement,

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is practised: all who have committed their lives to the Saviour may participate. The communion service must be conducted by an ordained pastor, minister or church elder.

8412: 3244:, non-alcoholic wine (grape juice) is used, so as to include those who do not take alcohol for any reason, as well as a commitment to the Church's historical support of 4550:

For example, Catholics, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, "Anglo-Catholic" Anglicans, Old Catholics; and cf. the presentation of the Eucharist as a sacrament in the

4470:. "Oblation" and "Consecration" are of course used also by the Eastern Catholic Churches that are of the same liturgical tradition as these churches. Likewise, in the 4111: 7033: 4116: 2617:, the host, after the Rite of Consecration, is no longer bread, but is the Body, Blood, Soul, and Divinity of Christ. Catholics believe that Jesus is the sacrificial 10141: 2742:, and upon his feast day (1 January). At the conclusion of the Anaphora the bread and wine are held to be the body and blood of Christ. Unlike the Latin Church, the 1850:

or "go, it is sent", the very last phrase of the service. That Latin word has come to imply "mission" as well because the congregation is sent out to serve Christ.

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Many Protestant congregations generally reserve a period of time for self-examination and private, silent confession just before partaking in the Lord's Supper.

2326:, the Body and Blood of Christ". The Orthodox use various terms such as transelementation, but no explanation is official as they prefer to leave it a mystery. 2258:

of the bread and wine offered in the Eucharist really occurs. Only if the Eucharist is the actual body and blood of Christ can a Christian know it is salvific.

3445:

humanity of Christ in the Lord's Supper." Additionally, the Irvingian Churches affirm the "real presence of the sacrifice of Jesus Christ in Holy Communion":

3066:

offered weekly, there is not a requirement that every church service be a Eucharistic service, nor that all members of a congregation must receive it weekly.

1609:

Nevertheless, given its existence in the biblical text, "Lord's Supper" came into use after the Protestant Reformation and remains the predominant term among

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In the eighteenth century, the Moravians consistently promoted the Lutheran doctrine of the real presence, which they described as a "sacramental presence."

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As already indicated, the one exception is in the case of a priest celebrating Mass without other priests or as principal celebrant. The water that in the

1490:

For I received from the Lord what I also delivered to you, that the Lord Jesus on the night when he was betrayed took bread, and when he had given thanks (

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diagnosis is an objective improvement of gastrointestinal symptoms and extra-intestinal manifestations assessed through a rating scale before and after

7795: 6327: 3710:(those still undergoing instruction and not yet baptized) before the sacramental part of the liturgy, a custom which has left traces in the expression " 2539:

The church holds that the body and blood of Jesus can no longer be truly separated. Where one is, the other must be. Therefore, although the priest (or

1640:

celebrated by Jesus and his disciples. The early Christians too would have celebrated this meal to commemorate Jesus' death and subsequent resurrection.

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Anglican theology on the matter of the Eucharist is nuanced. The Eucharist is neither wholly a matter of transubstantiation nor simply devotional and

6165: 2753:

In Eastern theology, one idea of consecration as a process has been suggested. This understands the change in the elements to be accomplished at the

1358:. Christians generally recognize a special presence of Christ in this rite, though they differ about exactly how, where, and when Christ is present. 304: 7905: 5864: 2863: 3549: 1785: 1024: 7765: 2969:

Some Baptists consider the Communion to be primarily an act of remembrance of Christ's atonement, and a time of renewal of personal commitment (

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thankfully received, though, typically, the Moravians refrained from delving too much into the precise way the Savior was sacramentally present

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believe Christ to be "truly and substantially present" with the bread and wine that are seen in the Eucharist, in a manner referred to as the

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Of those who attend the Memorial, a small minority worldwide partake of the wine and unleavened bread. Jehovah's Witnesses believe that only

1417:

presence. As a result of these different understandings, "the Eucharist has been a central issue in the discussions and deliberations of the

9247:.: Despite what the subtitle may suggest, the book discusses the Christian Eucharist in further aspects than alone the "Canon of the Mass". 8671: 8061: 3568:

say specific prayers to bless the bread and water. The Sacrament is passed row-by-row to the congregation by priesthood holders (typically

3264:

intinction is for the communicants to receive the consecrated juice using small, individual, specially made glass or plastic cups known as

2358:

holds that the body of Christ is received by the faithful only in a heavenly and spiritual manner, a doctrine also taught in the Methodist

9611: 9277:. "The Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent" Translated by H.J. Schroeder, published by Tan Books and Publishers, Inc., Rockford, IL 5995:"There are now two quite separate Eucharistic celebrations given in Didache 9–10, with the earlier one now put in second place". Crossan. 1907:. These also speak of "the Divine Mysteries", especially in reference to the consecrated elements, which they also call "the Holy Gifts". 1365:

states that the Eucharist is the body and blood of Christ under the species of bread and wine. It maintains that by the consecration, the

9317: 4133:

also been taken by churches that normally insist on the importance of receiving communion under both forms. This was done in 2009 by the

2457: 7055:"Moment or Process? Eucharistic Consecration and Epiclesis in Egyptian Thought: A Survey of Liturgical, Patristic, and Medieval Sources" 5579: 3850:

next morning. Additionally, members who plan to receive the holy communion have to follow a strict guide of prescribed prayers from the

10600: 9003: 8910: 5402: 4013: 7447: 6874: 2462:

In the Eucharist the same sacrifice that Jesus made only once on the cross is believed to be made present at every Mass. According to

10995: 10151: 8111:, 1 February 1998, p. 8, "Jesus instituted the only annual religious observance commanded for Christians—the Memorial of his death." 10103: 10055: 8863: 8632: 8471: 4357: 4166: 3629:

eventually discouraged the physical ritual as she believed it distracted from the true spiritual nature of the sacrament. As such,

3438: 3204: 2954:

The bread and "fruit of the vine" indicated in Matthew, Mark and Luke as the elements of the Lord's Supper are interpreted by many

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believe the true body and blood of Christ are really present "in, with, and under" the forms of the bread and wine, known as the

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The Faith of Catholics: confirmed by Scripture, and attested by the Fathers of the five first centuries of the Church, Volume 1

8503: 3878: 3758: 1831: 1134: 1081: 9734: 8960: 8938: 8880: 8614: 8571: 8409: 7653: 6993: 6922: 6779: 6475: 2503:

Jesus Christ is present in the Eucharist in a true, real and substantial way, with his body, blood, soul and divinity. By the

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The concept of the Jews both destroying and partaking in some perverted version of the Eucharist has been a vessel to promote

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denominations differ in their understanding of whether they may celebrate the Eucharist with those with whom they are not in

3107: 2912: 2343: 2174:, died between 98 and 117), one of the Apostolic Fathers, mentions the Eucharist as "the flesh of our Saviour Jesus Christ": 1394: 421: 5466: 1560:

denominations rarely use this term, preferring "Communion", "the Lord's Supper", "Remembrance", or "the Breaking of Bread".

10737: 3766: 1056: 7485: 7145:. Bishop's Committee for Ecumenical and Interreligious Affairs, United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. p. 90. 3406:

Both are extremely old, going back at least to the third century, and are the oldest extant liturgies continually in use.

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Most Christians, even those who deny that there is any real change in the elements used, recognize a special presence of

1772:", the "Sacrament of the Altar", and other variations, are common terms used by Catholics, Lutherans and some Anglicans ( 1019: 482: 10980: 9492: 9471: 9457: 9443: 9368: 8803:

and coeliac disease the dietary avoidance of wheat and other gluten-containing cereals is the only effective treatment.

8653: 8593:"Codex Canonum Ecclesiarum orientalium, die XVIII Octobris anno MCMXC – Ioannes Paulus PP. II | Ioannes Paulus II" 8041:"The Catechism of the New Apostolic Church: 8.2.12 The real presence of the body and blood of Christ in Holy Communion" 7699: 7674: 7654:

Eucharistic Food and Drink / A report of the Inter-Anglican Liturgical Commission to the Anglican Consultative Council1

7560: 7394: 7175: 7150: 7018: 6242: 5953: 5688: 5648: 5622: 5562: 5537: 5104: 5053: 4999: 4978: 4957: 4926: 4848: 4792: 4767: 4738: 4467: 3762: 2373:, do not believe in the concept of the real presence, believing that the Eucharist is only a ceremonial remembrance or 2254:

that the bread and wine were his body and blood must be taken literally, since God is truth. He thus believes that the

1171: 8010: 3987: 3317:, typically receive communion on a monthly or periodic basis. Many non-denominational Christians hold to the Biblical 2487: 10990: 10661: 9760: 9514: 7769: 7361:

There are many other Baptists in history who have understood the "spiritual presence" of Christ in the Lord's Supper.

7345: 7119: 6136: 5760: 5638: 4825: 4645: 4075: 3874: 3310: 2445: 2239:, whose best-known and influential work is an exposition on the nature of the Eucharist written around 831, entitled 1227: 31: 10905: 8697:

Mulder CJ, van Wanrooij RL, Bakker SF, Wierdsma N, Bouma G (2013). "Gluten-free diet in gluten-related disorders".

6970: 6946: 6756: 6581: 6424: 5812: 5379: 4566:

A misprint in the English translation of the Medieval Sourcebook: Canons of the Fourth Lateran Council, 1215 gives

4272: 3846: 3560:. The Sacrament, which consists of both ordinary bread and water (rather than wine or grape juice), is prepared by 2986: 2894: 2427: 2359: 2042: 1579: 1091: 406: 4581:"Iesus Christus, cuius corpus et sanguis in sacramento altaris sub speciebus panis et vini veraciter continentur, 3276:"), inviting "all who intend a Christian life, together with their children" to receive the eucharistic elements. 10172: 10070: 10038: 9053: 8978: 3241: 3180: 2938:, modified to deny any corporal presence of Christ's natural flesh and blood, which are in Heaven and not here. 826: 9024:

Manangan, Lilia P.; Sehulster, Lynne M.; Chiarello, Linda; Simonds, Dawn N.; Jarvis, William R. (October 1998).

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the Holy Communion service customarily is celebrated once per quarter. The service includes the ordinance of

2523: 2347: 1164: 735: 689: 657: 8759:

Hischenhuber C, Crevel R, Jarry B, Mäki M, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Romano A, Troncone R, Ward R (1 March 2006).

8315: 8221: 8196: 2588:, unless he has a grave reason for receiving Communion and there is no possibility of going to confession." 10975: 10676: 9753: 9312: 9139: 6274:

Anabaptists here, despite sharp disagreement with Zwingli over baptism, generally affirmed his memorialism.

4255: 3467: 2927: 2923: 1434: 218: 6173: 1486:

is found several times in New Testament accounts of the Last Supper, including the earliest such account:

1373:) while the appearances of the bread and wine remain unaltered (e.g. colour, taste, feel, and smell). The 10747: 10528: 10390: 9616:

Ducentae paucorum istorum et quidem clarissimorum Christi verborum: Hoc est Corpus meum; interpretationes

9450:

Christologie und Kommunion Vol. 2: Liturgische Einführung und Rezeption der homoousianischen Christologie

7748:

An exposition of the gospels of St. Matthew and St. Mark: and some other detached parts of Holy Scripture

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sense, the bread and wine are rightly said to be Christ's body and blood which he gives to his disciples.

2030: 1805: 964: 667: 7297: 6819: 5729: 3450:

sacrificial death of the Lord, which enables them to proclaim it with conviction (1 Corinthians 11: 26).

2641: 2294:

in this rite. However, Christians differ about exactly how, where and how long Christ is present in it.

1381:

churches agree that an objective change occurs of the bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ.

10857: 10819: 10306: 7195: 6550:"Council of Trent, Decree concerning the Most Holy Sacrament of the Eucharist, chapter IV and canon II" 4916: 4225: 4025: 3569: 3565: 3230: 1447: 1378: 444: 203: 24: 7034:

Why do the Orthodox use leavened bread since leaven is a symbol of sin? Is not Christ's body sinless?

5267: 4042:

is prescribed to be mixed with the wine must be only a relatively small quantity. The practice of the

3769:(WELS) practice closed communion, excluding non-members and requiring communicants to have been given 2629: 2597:, that is, the adoration given to God alone."" The Blessed Sacrament can be exposed (displayed) on an 10900: 10890: 10852: 10607: 10417: 10385: 10339: 10316: 7773: 7301: 5740: 5718: 4617: 4555: 4463: 3260: 3176: 3024: 2649: 2645: 2585: 2385: 1911: 1904: 1061: 1014: 1004: 859: 699: 662: 133: 8040: 7874:

Decisions of the Bundesverfassungsgericht (Federal Constitutional Court) Federal Republic of Germany

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The Popular Encyclopedia of Church History: The People, Places, and Events That Shaped Christianity

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exclamation by the deacon or priest, "The doors! The doors!", just before recitation of the Creed.

3125: 3018: 2853: 2837: 2410: 2103: 2038: 2034: 1858: 1622: 1292: 1129: 1076: 416: 401: 383: 174: 9569:

The Mystical Presence: A Vindication of the Reformed or Calvinistic Doctrine of the Holy Eucharist

8060:

Seventh-day Adventist Church Manual, 17th edition, 2005, pp. 81–86. Published by the secretariat,

7305: 6499:"The Real Presence of Jesus Christ in the Sacrament of the Eucharist: Basic Questions and Answers" 5298: 5282: 5116:

Epistle to the Ephesians 13:1; Epistle to the Philadelphians 4; Epistle to the Smyrnaeans 7:1, 8:1

5099:

Stanley E. Porter, Dictionary of Biblical Criticism and Interpretation (Taylor & Francis 2007

3973:, typically placed on an altar, at times with a light focused on it, or with candles flanking it. 3358:, the "Holy Offering" or "Holy Sacrifice", refers to the Eucharist as celebrated according to the 515: 10565: 10299: 10204: 10093: 10043: 9900: 9817: 9792: 9526: 9194: 6743: 5968: 5294: 5290: 5286: 4323: 4306: 4059: 3796: 3711: 3269: 2054: 1996: 1984: 1900: 1406: 1374: 1308: 1139: 1096: 871: 720: 475: 299: 228: 8675: 6904: 1236: 11020: 10885: 10476: 10334: 10276: 10167: 10146: 9911: 9661:

Eucharistic Consecration in the First Four Centuries and Its Implications for Liturgical Reform

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Christologie und Kommunion Vol. 1: Entstehung und Verbreitung der homoousianischen Christologie

4459: 4455: 4343: 4063: 3863: 3800: 3543: 3492: 3400: 2784: 2707: 2322:

the change occurs, since the Catholic Church teaches that "the signs of bread and wine become,

1980: 1669: 1565: 1009: 821: 704: 411: 213: 9464:

Christologie und Kommunion Vol. 3: Auswirkungen auf die Frömmigkeit und den Eucharistieempfang

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Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church / editors, F. L. Cross & E. A. Livingstone 2005

5323: 4817: 2492: 1869:, or sermon, given by a priest or deacon. The latter, which follows seamlessly, includes the " 10944: 10543: 10269: 10078: 9981: 9936: 9865: 9564: 9243:, trans. by Charles Underhill Quinn. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 1968. 7929:

A Charismatic Model of the Church: Edward Irving's Teaching in a 21st-century Chinese Context

7008: 6721: 5583: 4375: 3927: 3613:(members of the Religious Society of Friends) generally do not baptize or observe Communion. 3474:

and the Lord's Supper. Unleavened bread and unfermented (non-alcoholic) grape juice is used.

2903: 2747: 2610: 2271:

repetition of the event. Jewish people's eagerness to destroy hosts were also a variation of

1972: 1789: 1633: 959: 765: 750: 674: 563: 528: 499: 208: 9000: 5491: 5146: 4707: 1644: 1369:

of the bread and wine actually become the substances of the body and blood of Jesus Christ (

11000: 10765: 10715: 10700: 10577: 10286: 10186: 10136: 10131: 10088: 10048: 9976: 9190: 9179: 8761:"Review article: safe amounts of gluten for patients with wheat allergy or coeliac disease" 8044: 8018: 7988: 7901: 7349: 6882: 5342: 4156: 3434: 3045:. The Lutheran doctrine of the Real Presence is more accurately and formally known as the " 2998: 2679: 2355: 2285: 2232: 1496:), he broke it, and said, "This is my body which is for you. Do this in remembrance of me". 1398: 1304: 785: 558: 317: 169: 9282: 7980: 6009: 4682: 8: 11025: 10934: 10910: 10895: 10814: 10804: 10790: 10770: 10760: 10730: 10710: 10639: 10370: 10199: 10126: 9956: 9885: 9812: 9642: 9606:

Rasperger (Raspergero), Christopher (Christophorus, Christoph, Christophoro, Christophe)

9419: 8468: 7372: 7088: 6102: 6042: 5337:

Bayne, Brian L. (1974). "Plymouth Brethren". In Cross, F. L.; Livingstone, E. A. (eds.).

4943: 4235: 4161: 3922:

Worshippers kneel and bow in the street during the Eucharist Procession, London, England.

3839: 3630: 3507: 3396: 3245: 3121: 3042: 2994: 2978: 2828: 2164: 1944: 1854: 1519: 1284: 1152: 1147: 1111: 866: 838: 780: 725: 647: 449: 276: 9630:

This Is My Body: Luther's Contention for the Real Presence in the Sacrament of the Altar

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Emphasizing the inward spiritual experience of their adherents over any outward ritual,

2108:), which itself has a much richer theological history than the English word "remember". 1927:) has often been used to refer to Christian worship more generally and is still used in 10965: 10809: 10755: 10666: 10656: 10447: 10362: 10311: 9921: 8790: 8722: 8451: 8049:

Rather, the substance of Christ's body and blood is joined to them (consubstantiation).

7812: 6570:

Council of Trent, Decree concerning the Most Holy Sacrament of the Eucharist, canon III

5940: 5526: 4655: 4471: 4451: 4288: 4178: 4071: 3838:

Most Latter-Day Saint churches practice closed communion; one notable exception is the

3824: 3742: 3527: 3363: 3325: 3302: 3249: 3113: 3091: 3059: 2908: 2719: 2696: 2533: 2512: 2392:", "Invocation of the Spirit", "Communion of the Faithful", and "Meal of the Kingdom". 2311: 2307: 2303: 2255: 2009: 1777: 1438: 1370: 1355: 891: 884: 775: 770: 755: 640: 568: 468: 361: 223: 159: 43: 9041: 8370: 4012:. For the Catholic Church, this issue was addressed in the 24 July 2003 letter of the 3131: 3101: 2950:

The serving of elements individually, to be taken in unison, is common among Baptists.

2746:

uses leavened bread, with the leaven symbolizing the presence of the Holy Spirit. The

2511:

of the bread and wine actually become the substances of the body and blood of Christ (

10846: 10725: 10631: 10555: 10454: 10427: 10346: 10294: 10244: 10003: 9971: 9966: 9961: 9951: 9941: 9890: 9688: 9668: 9650: 9633: 9590: 9572: 9555: 9502: 9488: 9467: 9453: 9439: 9425: 9408: 9387: 9364: 9350: 9336: 9322: 9303: 9265: 9248: 9204: 9098: 9045: 8832: 8782: 8777: 8760: 8714: 8551: 7957: 7932: 7877: 7853: 7695: 7670: 7390: 7323: 7222: 7171: 7146: 7115: 7070: 7014: 6665: 6605: 6263: 6238: 6204: 6132: 6029: 5949: 5847: 5756: 5684: 5664: 5644: 5618: 5558: 5533: 5360: 5312: 5185: 5129: 5100: 5084: 5049: 5026: 4995: 4974: 4953: 4922: 4844: 4821: 4788: 4763: 4734: 4641: 4536: 4403: 4282: 4208: 4134: 4083: 3804: 3785:, and many other Lutheran churches outside of the U.S. also practice open communion. 3738: 3557: 3553: 3531: 3455: 3234: 3079: 3050: 3046: 2990: 2974: 2882: 2715: 2614: 2550: 2370: 2333: 2299: 1781: 1769: 1757: 1561: 1537: 1442: 1386: 1327: 1116: 1086: 1066: 999: 949: 877: 694: 553: 543: 356: 351: 329: 94: 20: 8726: 8507: 7954:

Edward Irving Reconsidered: The Man, His Controversies, and the Pentecostal Movement

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also believe Christ to be present in the Eucharist, but describe this presence as a

1649: 1429: 10590: 10432: 10407: 9986: 9946: 9222: 9183: 9088: 9037: 8964: 8946: 8888: 8846: 8824: 8794: 8772: 8744: 8706: 8618: 8575: 7610: 7062: 6806: 6635: 6549: 6373: 6151: 5834: 5610: 5350: 4530: 4381: 4333: 4250: 4220: 4125:

most likely diseases to be transmitted would be common viral illnesses such as the

3782: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3663: 3515: 3495:

commemorate Jesus' death annually on the evening that corresponds to the Passover,

3420: 3392: 3359: 2935: 2528: 2508: 2120: 2070: 2046: 2026: 1956: 1827: 1823: 1533: 1480:), meaning "thanksgiving", appears a few times in it, while the related Greek verb 1366: 1339: 1335: 1316: 1198: 1101: 994: 745: 617: 548: 454: 238: 194: 99: 9227: 9173: 8333: 7564: 6287:"Baptism, Eucharist and Ministry (Faith and Order Paper no. 111, the "Lima Text")" 3761:(ELCA) practices open communion, provided those who receive are baptized, but the 3564:

holders prior to the beginning of the meeting. At the beginning of the Sacrament,

3458:

is taught as the explanation of how the real presence is effected in the liturgy.

10799: 10705: 10496: 10194: 9274: 9257: 9007: 8923: 8867: 8732: 8475: 8416: 7473: 7454: 7040: 4862:"Strong's Greek: 2169. εὐχαριστία (eucharistia) – thankfulness, giving of thanks" 4339: 4327: 4230: 3899: 3812: 3681: 3626: 3511: 3500: 3153: 3136: 2963: 2841: 2808: 2735: 2711: 2500: 2437: 2295: 1920: 1815: 1773: 1673: 1362: 1351: 1331: 939: 848: 373: 266: 233: 8388: 8124: 3518:. They are referred to as the "anointed" class. They believe that the baptized " 3423:, Holy Communion, along with Holy Baptism and Holy Sealing, is one of the three 2575:

According to the Catholic Church doctrine receiving the Eucharist in a state of

10795: 10695: 10491: 10380: 10326: 10259: 10239: 9998: 9839: 9209: 9196:

The Bread of life: or St. Thomas Aquinas on the Adorable Sacrament of the Altar

9169: 9093: 9076: 7387:

Changing Churches: An Orthodox, Catholic, and Lutheran Theological Conversation

4731:

Changing Churches: An Orthodox, Catholic, and Lutheran Theological Conversation

4245: 4203: 4198: 4050: 3997: 3832: 3715: 3692: 3667: 3659: 3594: 3576: 3475: 3314: 3253:

Methodist clergy are not required to be vested when celebrating the Eucharist.

3208: 3169: 2816: 2743: 2683: 2673: 2516: 2050: 1896: 1886: 1882: 1811: 1801: 1681: 1628: 1610: 1532:

written between 155 and 157). Today, "the Eucharist" is the name still used by

1410: 985: 944: 924: 795: 760: 612: 533: 198: 138: 118: 8828: 7815:

from Broadman / Holman Church Supply. Christianbook.com. Accessed 5 July 2009.

6843: 6461: 6447: 5846:

Tyndale Bible Dictionary / editors, Philip W. Comfort, Walter A. Elwell, 2001

5663:

Tyndale Bible Dictionary / editors, Philip W. Comfort, Walter A. Elwell, 2001

5189: 3297:

is sometimes used for bread, emphasising the "re-creation" of the Last Supper.

3179:, for instance, prescribes "bread common to the culture". Harking back to the 2546: 1414: 10959: 10720: 10651: 10501: 10209: 9849: 9844: 9625: 8800: 8740: 8550:(1st ed.). Devalokam, Kottayam: Malankara Orthodox Church Publications. 8469:"Guidelines for Congregational, District, and Synodical Communion Statements" 8351: 8011:"8.2.13 The real presence of the sacrifice of Jesus Christ in Holy Communion" 7074: 6079: 6066: 6055: 5979: 4363: 4193: 4043: 4009: 3696: 3496: 3430: 3265: 3095: 3075: 2989:, specifically in Chapter 30, Articles 3 and 7. This view is prevalent among 2858: 2739: 2622: 2351: 2201: 2128: 2078: 1952: 1844: 1549: 1523: 1461: 1354:

and consumed thereafter. The consecrated elements are the end product of the

1343: 1312: 898: 805: 602: 597: 9499:

The Banquet's Wisdom: A Short History of the Theologies of the Lord's Supper

8657: 7981:"8.2.12 The real presence of the body and blood of Christ in Holy Communion" 3645:) do not take communion, instead viewing every meal as a Eucharistic feast. 2811:

adheres to a view known as the "sacramental presence", teaching that in the

10533: 10481: 10412: 10402: 10083: 10015: 9880: 9776: 9531: 9102: 8836: 8786: 8718: 7499: 7327: 6851: 6847: 4633: 4517: 4430: 4369: 4183: 4091: 4087: 3945: 3688: 3677: 3346: 3233:, Methodists also believe that the Lord's Supper is a sign and seal of the 3098:. They also call the Eucharist the Breaking of Bread or the Lord's Supper. 2919: 2762: 2637: 2633: 2504: 2415: 2267: 2236: 2153: 1940: 1853:

At least in the Catholic Church, the Mass is a long rite in two parts: the

1668:) to refer to the Eucharistic rite began by some groups originating in the 1618: 1281: 854: 627: 507: 346: 155: 128: 9601:

Eucharistia: il mistero dell'altare nel pensiero e nella vita della Chiesa

9049: 7837:. Nashville, Tennessee: The Methodist Publishing House. 1960. p. 522. 7629: 7066: 6524: 5364: 2926:, which allowed kneeling when receiving Holy Communion was omitted in the 10835: 10585: 10548: 10397: 10249: 10224: 10121: 9704: 9582: 9295: 6820:"Catechism of the Catholic Church – The sacrament of the Eucharist #1377" 4415: 4188: 4126: 4079: 3820: 3519: 3471: 3379: 3329: 3321:

of local churches and have no universal requirement among congregations.

3306: 3289: 3256: 3037: 2970: 2959: 2931: 2897:

in the United States restored explicit language that the Eucharist is an

2874: 2795:, as well as the serving of the bread and wine in the celebration of the 2792: 2758: 2618: 2606: 2405: 2374: 2366: 2329: 2272: 2251: 2124: 2022: 1928: 1819: 1637: 1553: 1465: 1382: 1300: 969: 929: 914: 800: 740: 684: 439: 368: 340: 148: 123: 8491: 7605: 5181:

Comprehensive History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

3932: 2123:'s usage in 1 Corinthians 11:17–34, may have originally referred to the 10683: 10422: 10219: 9875: 9807: 9379: 7669:. Peterborough, England: Methodist Publishing House. 2000. p. 26. 5453: 4481: 4240: 4039: 3970: 3937: 3882: 3792: 3751: 3707: 3510:

people will go to heaven, to serve as under-priests and co-rulers with

3427:. It is the focus of the Divine Service in the liturgies of Irvingism. 3424: 3332:

and unleavened wafers or unleavened bread and practice open communion.

3273: 3054: 2723: 2602: 2576: 2559: 1557: 1418: 909: 334: 281: 9117:"Archbishops advise against sharing chalice during swine flu pandemic" 8710: 7143:

Growing Consensus II: Church Dialogues in the United States, 1992–2004

6260:

A Contemporary Anabaptist Theology: Biblical, Historical, Constructive

4883: 4861: 3191: 10840: 10688: 10513: 10506: 10464: 10459: 10254: 10214: 9026:"Risk of Infectious Disease Transmission from a Common Communion Cup" 8272:"Why Does the Salvation Army Not Baptize or Hold Communion Services?" 5355: 5319: 4311: 3954: 3808: 3148: 2812: 2796: 2788: 2780: 2754: 2731: 2727: 2664: 2580: 2401: 2339: 2101: 2074: 2001: 1961: 1870: 1751: 1740: 1696: 1589: 1545: 1541: 1507: 1475: 1390: 1288: 1071: 934: 904: 378: 164: 9480:. Reprint. Great Falls, MT: St. Bonaventure Publications, Inc., 1999 8648: 8646: 4708:"Keeping the Feast: Thoughts on Virtual Communion in a Lockdown Era" 2946: 2314:("change of the substance") is the term used by Catholics to denote 10229: 10098: 9335:. N. E. Nagel, trans. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1966. 8979:"Sacrament of the Eucharist: Rite of Sanctification of the Chalice" 6687: 6010:"Introduction to the Roberts-Donaldson translation of his writings" 5083:

by Gerhard Kittel, Gerhard Friedrich and Geoffrey W. Bromiley 1985

4785:

The Quest for the Grail: Arthurian Legend in British Art, 1840–1920

3746: 3722: 3318: 3102:

Reformed (Continental Reformed, Presbyterian and Congregationalist)

2955: 2898: 2710:, two different anaphoras are currently used: one is attributed to 2625: 1614: 1320: 919: 790: 244: 8545: 8492:

Holy Communion: A Practice of Faith in the United Church of Christ

8320:

Christian Science Committee on Publication for Southern California

8274:. Waterbeachsalvationarmy.org.uk. 28 February 1987. Archived from 6875:"'Abrahamic, Mosaic, and Prophetic Foundations of the Eucharist'. 5532:. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. pp. 1328–32. 10929: 10538: 10518: 10375: 10264: 9023: 8643: 4884:"Strong's Greek: 2168. εὐχαριστέω (eucharisteó) – to be thankful" 4301: 4120:

Catholic communicants in Brazil receive Communion in their hands.

4055: 3895: 3851: 3816: 3642: 3610: 3598: 3083: 2687: 2432: 2246: 2157: 2142: 2111: 1862: 1514: 954: 679: 652: 261: 143: 8696: 4046:

is that the mixture should be two parts wine to one part water.

3881:

before taking Communion if they are aware of having committed a

3029: 2605:. Rites involving the exposure of the Blessed Sacrament include 1709:

of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the

9745: 7417:, second edition, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1974), 340 4398: 4032: 3993: 3745:) not in full communion with it and of other churches that the 3672: 3575:

The prayer recited for the bread and the water is found in the

3294: 3165: 3161: 2832: 2691: 2291: 1866: 1512:(thanksgiving) is that by which the rite is referred to in the 1106: 607: 9552:

Grace Upon Grace: Sacramental Theology and the Christian Life.

9241:

Eucharist: Theology and Spirituality of the Eucharistic Prayer

9226: 7603: 7438:, (St. Louis: CPH, 1975), under the entry "consubstantiation". 1295:

in others. Christians believe that the rite was instituted by

1210: 10471: 9931: 9870: 9827: 9487:(Themen der Theologie 3), Tübingen: UTB / Mohr Siebeck 2012. 7537:

A Narrative of some of the Lord's dealings with George Muller

6781:

Under Julius III Council of Trent Session 13 Chapter IV

5640:

The Eucharistic Liturgies: Their Evolution and Interpretation

4480:, usually translated into English as "Mass", is derived from 4393: 3885:

and to prepare by fasting, prayer, and other works of piety.

3157: 2701: 2598: 2458:

Eucharist in the Catholic Church § Eucharist in the Mass

2223: 2147: 2095: 1966: 1890: 1746: 1734: 1690: 1676:

when one receives the Eucharist for the first time. The term

1583: 1491: 1481: 1469: 1347: 1296: 622: 584: 256: 8814: 8752: 7112:

Community of the Cross: Moravian Piety in Colonial Bethlehem

3948:, Anglo-Catholic and some Lutheran traditions, in which the 2519:

argued, the substance of the bread and wine cannot return).

1433:

The Eucharist has been a key theme in the depictions of the

1204: 9532:"Sermon XXXII.—On the Dispositions for the Communion" 9333:

Eucharist and Church Fellowship in the First Four Centuries

9208: 8758: 3988:

Coeliac disease § Christian churches and the Eucharist

3958: 3454:

In the Irvingian tradition of Restorationist Christianity,

3750:

have no access to a minister of their own community. Some

3211:, who wrote a Eucharistic hymn with the following stanza: 2682:, the Eucharistic service is called the "Divine Liturgy" ( 2418:

but as an expression of faith and of obedience to Christ.

1939:

Some Eastern rites have yet more names for the Eucharist.

1745:, 'breaking of the bread'; in later liturgical Greek also 9608:

Two hundred interpretations of the words: This is my Body

7630:"Question & Answer: The Orthodox Presbyterian Church" 7434:, (St. Louis: CPH, 1934), 519; cf. also Erwin L. Lueker, 6994:"Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church #286" 6399:"Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church #271" 4516:

The tradition that Ignatius was a direct disciple of the

3962: 3001:),and several individuals in other Baptist associations. 2700:, (literally "offering" or "carrying up", from the Greek 2400:

Many Christian denominations classify the Eucharist as a

2235:(785–865) was a Carolingian theologian, and the abbot of 1834:), and by some Anglicans. It derives from the Latin word 1247: 1213: 8690: 6924:

Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church # 291

3873:

The Catholic Church requires its members to receive the

2911:

have done likewise (the Church of England did so in the

2444:

In the Catholic Church the Eucharist is considered as a

9530: 8808: 8352:"Church Fathers: The First Apology (St. Justin Martyr)" 6477:

Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church #282

5341:. Vol. 329. Oxford University Press. p. 578. 4918:

The Eucharist in the New Testament and the Early Church

3069: 2440:, the Host is displayed to the people before Communion. 9520:

American Journal of Religious Psychology and Education

8176:"Handbook 2: Administering the Church, Chapter 20.4.3" 8098:, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, 1988, p. 392. 8086:, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, 1989, p. 265. 4640:(Revised ed.). Louisville, Kentucky. p. 63. 4585:

pane in corpus, et vino in sanguinem potestate divina"

4112:

Impact of the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic on religion

2045:, which suggests how early Christians celebrated what 9264:. J. A. O. Preus, trans. St. Louis: Concordia, 1979. 8674:. Stlukeorthodox.com. 4 February 2001. Archived from 7432:

Christian Dogmatics: A Handbook of Doctrinal Theology

5837:, Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985. 5339:

The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church; Nature

5228:

Types of Pentecostal Theology: Method, System, Spirit

3373: 3201:

Catechism for the use of the people called Methodists

3195:

A United Methodist minister consecrating the elements

1228: 1216: 1207: 9731:

according to the current edition of the Roman Missal

9422:: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church 9363:. London, UK: Baronius Press Ltd., 2013 reprint ed. 7835:

The Doctrines and Discipline of the Methodist Church

7796:"What do I need to know about communion in the UMC?" 5213:

Andrew B. McGowan, "The Myth of the Lord's Supper",

4638:

The Meal Jesus Gave Us: Understanding Holy Communion

3340: 3305:, receive communion every Sunday. Others, including 3278:

The Doctrines and Discipline of the Methodist Church

3272:

practices open communion (which it describes as an "

2668:

Eucharistic elements prepared for the Divine Liturgy

1876: 1219: 30:"Lord's Supper" redirects here. For other uses, see 9620:

Zweihundert Auslegungen der Worte das ist mein Leib

7667:

A Catechism for the use of people called Methodists

5948:(reprint ed.). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. 3641:The United Society of Believers (commonly known as 2862:Illuminated title of "The Holy Communion" from the 2088: 2069:In the one prayer given to posterity by Jesus, the 1201: 9587:Corrective Love: The Power of Communion Discipline 7683: 7219:Inter-Actions: Relationships of Religion and Drama 7136: 7134: 5939: 5525: 5518:Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church 5492:"liturgy of the Eucharist | Definition & Rite" 5311: 3433:, who founded the Irvingian Churches, such as the 3301:Many non-denominational Christians, including the 2464:Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church 1776:) for the consecrated elements, particularly when 1705:The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the 9178:(in Latin). Rome: Bibliotheca Vaticana. pp. 5605:Hovhanessian, Vahan (2011), "Badarak (Patarag)", 5582:. First Bethlehem Lutheran Church. Archived from 5403:"Small Catechism (6): The Sacrament of the Altar" 5314:Introduction to the Theology of the New Testament 3399:, while that of the West Syrian tradition is the 2119:The expression "The Lord's Supper", derived from 1763: 1689:("sharing in common"), translated from the Greek 1409:believe that this is a spiritual presence, while 10957: 9679:The Lord's Supper: Believers Church Perspectives 9407:. Collegeville, MN: The Liturgical Press, 1970. 9280: 7043:– orthodoxanswers.org. Retrieved 26 August 2018. 6289:. Oikoumene.org. 15 January 1982. Archived from 5241:The Westminster Handbook to Evangelical Theology 5172: 5170: 5168: 4992:The New Westminster Dictionary of Church History 4814:Christian Confessions: A Historical Introduction 3754:communities exclude non-members from Communion. 2901:(sacrifice) to God. Subsequent revisions of the 9717:. London: Oxford University Press, 1960. 119 p. 9589:. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1995. 9168: 7604:D. G. Hart and John R. Muether (October 1997). 7131: 6734:, 1. Confession of Faith, retrieved 2010-03-13. 6013: 5637:Bradshaw, Paul F.; Johnson, Maxwell E. (2012). 5636: 5523: 5515: 4722: 3854:, or the book of common prayers, for the week. 3550:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 3284: 1786:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 1518:(a late 1st or early 2nd century document), by 1025:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 9291:. Translated by James Donovan. Lucas Brothers. 9077:"Infections associated with religious rituals" 9074: 8939:"Catechism of the Catholic Church – IntraText" 7931:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 167. 7726:, and the administration of the sacraments of 7690:Abraham, William J.; Watson, David F. (2013). 6440: 6166:"Art. X: Of the Holy Supper | Book of Concord" 5076: 5074: 5072: 4520:is consistent with the content of his letters. 4466:churches, while "Consecration" is used in the 4261: 3583: 3033:Table set for the Eucharist in an ELCA service 2783:and German Baptist Brethren Churches like the 2750:utilizes leavened bread in their celebration. 2408:(though not all) prefer to instead call it an 10645:Architecture of cathedrals and great churches 10344: 9761: 8879:McNamara, Father Edward (14 September 2004). 8139:"Discerning What We Are – At Memorial Time", 7750:. George Lane & Levi Scott. p. 282. 7708: 7689: 7549:The new SCM dictionary of liturgy and worship 7525:The new SCM dictionary of liturgy and worship 7476:at LutheransOnline.com. Retrieved 2011–04–24. 7415:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 7378: 7268:, Revised Edition, SPCK London, 1992, p. 316. 7188: 6077: 5943:The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia 5706:"A Hard Saying" : The Gospel and Culture 5165: 3391:refers to the Eucharist as celebrated in the 3135:Many Presbyterian churches historically used 1582:Paul uses the term "Lord's Supper", in Greek 1172: 476: 9515:The Ethnological Background of the Eucharist 9081:International Journal of Infectious Diseases 8062:General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists 7945: 7384: 6503:United States Conference of Catholic Bishops 6081:CHURCH FATHERS: The First Apology Chapter 66 5755:Westminster Press, Philadelphia (1983) p. 3 5630: 5604: 4728: 3653: 9349:. Nashville: Discipleship Resources, 2005. 9318:I Am: Eucharistic Meditations on the Gospel 8546:Ministry of Liturgical Development (2017). 7975: 7973: 7841: 7739: 7448:What Lutherans Believe About Holy Communion 7339: 7337: 7221:. University Press of America. p. 34. 7168:The Music of the Moravian Church in America 7159: 7103: 6113: 6111: 5788:Westminster Press, Philadelphia (1983) p. 5 5081:Theological Dictionary of the New Testament 5069: 4787:. Manchester University Press. p. 40. 4579: 4573: 4567: 4534: 4484: 4475: 4105: 3996:in wheat bread is dangerous to people with 3944:Eucharistic adoration is a practice in the 2592: 2240: 2115:Early Christian painting of an Agape feast. 1841: 1835: 1684: 1253: 9768: 9754: 9417:Kolb, Robert and Timothy J. Wengert, eds. 9384:The Lamb's Supper: Mass as Heaven on Earth 9203: 8911:Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith 7956:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 292. 7866: 7389:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 54. 7170:. University Rochester Press. p. 34. 7140: 7013:. Cambridge University Press. p. 90. 6714: 6251: 5607:The Encyclopedia of Christian Civilization 5546: 5520:. Libreria Editrice Vaticana. p. 275. 5309: 4914: 4776: 4762:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 263. 4733:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 54. 4660:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4474:language of Ireland and Scotland the word 4014:Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith 2570: 2414:, viewing it not as a specific channel of 2346:, not a physical one. Anglicans adhere to 2135: 1621:. They also refer to the observance as an 1179: 1165: 514: 483: 469: 9685:Eucharist: Christ's Feast with the Church 9667:, 31. Oxford, Eng.: Latimer House, 1989. 9525: 9302:. London: Continuum International, 2005. 9221: 9189: 9092: 8776: 8522:"20. Priesthood Ordinances and Blessings" 8368: 8316:"Do Christian Scientists take Communion?" 8168: 8015:The Catechism of the New Apostolic Church 7985:The Catechism of the New Apostolic Church 7519: 7517: 7385:Mattox, Mickey L.; Roeber, A. G. (2012). 6231:People and Place: A Covenant Ecclesiology 6126: 5773:A Textual Commentary on the New Testament 5354: 4729:Mattox, Mickey L.; Roeber, A. G. (2012). 4683:"Encyclopædia Britannica, s.v. Eucharist" 4454:, the "Oblation" is the term used in the 4150: 3905: 3461: 3139:to provide entrance to the Lord's Supper. 2261: 9741:A Brief Exposition of the Divine Service 9571:. 1846; Wipf & Stock reprint, 2000. 8878: 8587: 8585: 8119: 8117: 7970: 7920: 7714: 7659: 7334: 7210: 7006: 6462:"Catechism of the Catholic Church #1410" 6448:"Catechism of the Catholic Church #1367" 6108: 5708:. The Liturgical Press. pp. 109–30. 5555:Lutheran Churches in Early Modern Europe 5423: 4811: 4751: 4578:in Canon 1, as opposed to the original: 4167:Real presence of Christ in the Eucharist 4115: 3931: 3917: 3671: 3556:or branch worldwide at the beginning of 3439:real presence of Christ in the Eucharist 3288: 3190: 3172:, while others use any bread available. 3130: 3028: 2945: 2934:'s insistence. It was reinstated in the 2857: 2663: 2565:Real presence of Christ in the Eucharist 2545: 2541:extraordinary minister of Holy Communion 2486: 2483:Real presence of Christ in the Eucharist 2431: 2156:treatise that includes instructions for 2110: 2000: 1643: 1627: 1594:), in the early 50s of the 1st century: 1428: 1403:real presence of Christ in the Eucharist 8369:Berzonsky, Vladimir (24 January 2010). 7951: 7491: 7235: 7053:Zakhary, Beniamin (19 September 2024). 7052: 6131:. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. 5937: 5703: 5265: 5252:Edward E. Hindson, Daniel R. Mitchell, 5243:, Westminster John Knox Press, UK, 2004 5177: 5041: 5035: 4939: 4937: 4816:. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 4782: 4295: 4214: 3957:or convent, it is done by the resident 3648: 3616: 3049:". Others have erroneously called this 2365:Christians adhering to the theology of 2279: 2049:called the Lord's Supper. Although the 10958: 9649:. St Vladimir's Seminary Press, 1997. 9632:. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 2001. 9398:A Study in the Psychology of Ritualism 7847: 7745: 7523:Darby, J.N., quoted in Bradshaw, P.F. 7514: 7320:What is It to Eat and Drink Unworthily 7317: 7241: 7165: 7109: 6258:Finger, Thomas N. (26 February 2010). 6257: 6225: 6194: 6163: 6152:Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1333 5828: 5552: 5269:Holy Communion: What is the Eucharist? 5256:, Harvest House Publishers, US, 2013, 5119: 5016: 4910: 4908: 4906: 4904: 4760:Major Themes in the Reformed Tradition 4632: 3759:Evangelical Lutheran Church in America 3481: 3335: 3217:To bring the long sought Saviour down; 2779:Anabaptist denominations, such as the 2354:although the teaching in the Anglican 1934: 11016:New Testament Greek words and phrases 9749: 9424:. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2000. 9289:The catechism of the Council of Trent 9137: 9030:American Journal of Infection Control 8633:"Preparing to Receive Holy Communion" 8582: 8114: 7898:"Professing Christ in Holy Communion" 7196:"The Observance of the Lord's Supper" 7141:Veliko, Lydia; Gros, Jeffrey (2005). 5577: 5336: 4757: 4358:Confession Concerning Christ's Supper 4172: 4068:Christian Churches/Churches of Christ 3775:Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada 3221:Thou dost e'en now Thy banquet crown: 2476: 2395: 1522:(who died between 98 and 117) and by 1397:of Christ in the Eucharist. Anglican 9729:The Ordinary of the Mass, Roman Rite 9466:, Münster: Aschendorff-Verlag 2022. 9452:, Münster: Aschendorff-Verlag 2020. 9438:, Münster: Aschendorff-Verlag 2018. 9075:Pellerin, J.; Edmond, M. B. (2013). 8909:The same 24 July 2003 letter of the 8033: 7592:The Westminster Confession for Today 7110:Atwood, Craig D. (1 November 2010). 6725:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 6127:Niremberg, David (4 February 2013). 5426:"Anglo-Catholics: What they believe" 5048:. Liturgical Press. pp. 22–23. 4934: 4677: 4675: 4673: 4671: 3767:Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod 3537: 3366:of the East Syrian tradition is the 3070:Open Brethren and Exclusive Brethren 2787:churches and congregations have the 2659: 1728: 1636:fresco (15th century) depicting the 9400:. University of Chicago Press, 1910 8326: 8129:. Watch Tower Society. p. 207. 7926: 7694:. Abingdon Press. pp. 103–04. 7486:How do we move to weekly Communion? 7343: 7322:. Baptist Sunday School Committee. 7216: 6633: 6522: 6262:. InterVarsity Press. p. 186. 6129:Anti-Judaism: The Western Tradition 4901: 4529:Radbertus was canonized in 1073 by 3967:Exposition of the Blessed Sacrament 3888: 2997:(a Calvinistic movement among some 2802: 1346:traditions), are consecrated on an 1342:(non-alcoholic grape juice in some 1020:Members Church of God International 13: 9737:– Catechism of the Catholic Church 9284:"Part 2: The Holy Eucharist" 9161: 9119:. Christiantoday.com. 27 July 2009 8654:"How to Prepare for the Eucharist" 8247:"The Restoration of the Sacrament" 7497: 7059:The Journal of Theological Studies 6715:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). " 6164:Mahler, Corey (10 December 2019). 4994:(Westminster John Knox Press 2008 4921:, Liturgical Press, pp. 1–2, 4468:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church 3969:, the Eucharist is displayed in a 3374:Syro-Antiochene Rite (West Syriac) 3108:Lord's Supper in Reformed theology 2981:affirm the Reformed doctrine of a 2421: 1648:Eucharistic window (1898–1900) by 14: 11037: 9722: 9537:Sermons by John-Baptist Massillon 9138:Reddy, Sumathi (7 January 2011). 8961:"Code of Canon Law, canon 924 §1" 8817:Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 8126:What Does the Bible Really Teach? 8107:"Jehovah is a God of Covenants", 7770:Methodist Church of Great Britain 7114:. Penn State Press. p. 165. 6195:Mahler, Corey (21 October 2020). 5871:. 11 October 2013. Archived from 4990:Robert Benedetto, James O. Duke, 4668: 4489:, meaning "oblation", "offering". 4372:(16th and 17th-century Anglicans) 4076:Church of God (Anderson, Indiana) 3588: 3409: 3341:Edessan Rite (Church of the East) 3225:And show Thy real presence here! 3094:follow a similar practice to the 2451: 2324:in a way surpassing understanding 2222:And this food is called among us 2016: 1877:Divine Liturgy and Divine Service 10996:Eucharist in the Catholic Church 10940: 10939: 10928: 10056:State church of the Roman Empire 9775: 9175:De venerabili sacramento altaris 9131: 9109: 9068: 9017: 8993: 8971: 8953: 8931: 8916: 8903: 8872: 8854: 8841:A recently proposed approach to 8778:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02768.x 8672:"Preparation for Holy Communion" 8664: 8625: 8607: 8564: 8548:Service Book of the Holy Qurbono 8539: 8514: 8504:"Community of Christ: Communion" 8496: 8484: 8462: 8452:"Close communion and membership" 8444: 8422: 8403: 8381: 8362: 8344: 8308: 8290: 8264: 8239: 8214: 8189: 8146: 8133: 8101: 8089: 8077: 8067: 8054: 8003: 7890: 7827: 7818: 7806: 7788: 7758: 7647: 7622: 7597: 7584: 7571: 7553: 7541: 7529: 7488:at elca.org Retrieved 2011-09-18 7479: 7460: 7441: 7424: 7407: 7366: 7346:"Baptists and the Lord's Supper" 7310: 7291: 7282: 7271: 7259: 7250: 7081: 7046: 7027: 7000: 6986: 6971:Catechism of the Catholic Church 6962: 6947:Catechism of the Catholic Church 6938: 6915: 6897: 6867: 6856: 6837: 6812: 6800: 6772: 6757:Catechism of the Catholic Church 6748: 6737: 6708: 6702: 6680: 6654: 6627: 6597: 6582:Catechism of the Catholic Church 6425:Catechism of the Catholic Church 5813:Catechism of the Catholic Church 5528:Catechism of the Catholic Church 5439:– via anglicanhistory.org. 5380:Catechism of the Catholic Church 4591: 4560: 4273:Eucharist in the Catholic Church 3976: 3949: 3847:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church 3215:We need not now go up to Heaven, 3147:Many, on the other hand, follow 2987:Second London Baptist Confession 2769: 2428:Eucharist in the Catholic Church 2245:. In it, Paschasius agrees with 2089:First Epistle to the Corinthians 2043:First Epistle to the Corinthians 1580:First Epistle to the Corinthians 1573: 1311:bread and wine. Passages in the 1197: 1146: 77: 10039:First seven ecumenical councils 9386:. Darton, Longman, Todd. 1999. 8885:ZENIT International News Agency 7952:Bennett, David Malcolm (2014). 7848:Whalen, William Joseph (1981). 7606:"The Lord's Supper: How Often?" 7256:Book of Common Prayer Catechism 6636:"Summa Theologiae, Question 77" 6573: 6564: 6542: 6516: 6491: 6468: 6454: 6416: 6391: 6366: 6343: 6320: 6314:Baptism, Eucharist and Ministry 6305: 6279: 6219: 6188: 6157: 6145: 6120: 6095: 6071: 6067:Letter to the Philadelphians, 4 6060: 6049: 6002: 5989: 5973: 5962: 5931: 5920: 5909: 5898: 5887: 5857: 5840: 5804: 5791: 5778: 5765: 5745: 5734: 5723: 5712: 5697: 5677: 5657: 5615:10.1002/9780470670606.wbecc0112 5598: 5571: 5509: 5484: 5459: 5443: 5417: 5395: 5371: 5330: 5303: 5276: 5259: 5246: 5233: 5220: 5207: 5196: 5139: 5110: 5093: 5005: 4984: 4971:Four Views on the Lord's Supper 4963: 4952:(B&H Publishing Group 2011 4876: 4854: 4552:Baptism, Eucharist and Ministry 4544: 4523: 4510: 4501: 4492: 4444: 3203:states that, " Jesus Christ is 3181:regulative principle of worship 2493:Sanctuary of Our Lady of Fátima 2491:Eucharistic celebration at the 2382:Baptism, Eucharist and Ministry 1326:The elements of the Eucharist, 19:For Eucharistic liturgies, see 10906:Relations with other religions 10312:Church of the East (Nestorian) 10307:Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite) 9405:The Faith of the Early Fathers 9210:"The Blessed Eucharist." 8615:"Code of Canon Law, canon 919" 8572:"Code of Canon Law, canon 916" 8430:"ELCA Full Communion Partners" 8389:"Code of Canon Law, canon 844" 8154:"Doctrine and Covenants 20:75" 7500:"Lesson 13: The Lord's Supper" 5984:The canon of the New Testament 5865:"Eucharist and Gospel of John" 5126:Introducing Early Christianity 5023:Eucharist in the New Testament 4834: 4805: 4700: 4626: 4611: 4351:The Adoration of the Sacrament 3857: 3763:Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod 3368:Holy Qurbana of Addai and Mari 3223:To every faithful soul appear, 3219:Thou art to all already given, 2774: 2636:, so the Eucharist became the 1764:Sacrament or Blessed Sacrament 1723: 1464:was originally written in the 1424: 1030:The New Church (Swedenborgian) 975:Nondenominational Christianity 66: 32:Lord's Supper (disambiguation) 1: 11011:Lutheran sacraments and rites 11006:Lutheran Eucharistic theology 10971:Anglican Eucharistic theology 9687:. Nashville: Abingdon, 1993. 9478:The Saint Andrew Daily Missal 9321:, Alba House Publishing 2001 9313:Cabrera de Armida, Concepcion 9140:"Hands Off After Wafer Scare" 9042:10.1016/s0196-6553(98)70029-x 8084:Reasoning From The Scriptures 7850:Minority Religions in America 7010:The Great Church in Captivity 6717:Fourth Lateran Council (1215) 6056:Letter to the Smyrnaeans, 7-8 5580:"The Lutheran Way of Worship" 5430:Society of SS. Peter and Paul 4604: 4426:Catholic theology of the body 4346:period, approx. 16th century) 4278:Sacrament (Latter Day Saints) 4096:Christian Missionary Alliance 4006:non-celiac gluten sensitivity 3936:The Eucharist displayed in a 3779:Evangelical Church in Germany 3700: 3118:Continental Reformed Churches 2524:Fourth Council of the Lateran 2242:De Corpore et Sanguine Domini 2212: 2205: 2168: 2094:passage for 'remembrance' is 9522:, IV (No. 1–2), March, 1910. 9375:Close Communion and Baptists 9014:, 12 March 1974, pp. 257–59. 7692:Key United Methodist Beliefs 7502:. Plymouth Brethren Writings 6731:Fourth Lateran Council: 1215 5999:. Citing Riggs, John W. 1984 5854:, article: "John, Gospel of" 4387: 4317: 4256:Thanksgiving after Communion 3913: 3625:observed Communion, founder 3468:Seventh-day Adventist Church 3414: 3285:Nondenominational Christians 3186: 2985:, which is expressed in the 2757:("invocation") by which the 2179:to whom he has entrusted it. 2127:(or love feast), the shared 2102: 2057:but also in other passages. 1752: 1741: 1697: 1655: 1590: 1508: 1476: 1468:language and the Greek noun 1455: 1435:Last Supper in Christian art 1291:in most churches, and as an 1248: 1035:Unitarians and Universalists 16:Christian rite and sacrament 7: 10613:Views on poverty and wealth 9547:. Our Sunday Visitor, 1999. 9543:McBride, Alfred, O. Praem. 8999:Compare John Howard Spahr, 8743:is lifelong adherence to a 8391:. Intratext.com. 4 May 2007 7852:. Alba House. p. 104. 7800:The United Methodist Church 7715:Crowther, Jonathan (1815). 7344:Wax, Trevin (6 June 2007). 7217:Vos, Nelvin (16 May 2009). 6525:"Summa Theologiæ Article 2" 6235:Westminster John Knox Press 6197:"Part VI | Book of Concord" 5609:, American Cancer Society, 5226:Christopher A. Stephenson, 5215:Catholic Biblical Quarterly 4915:LaVerdiere, Eugene (1996), 4783:Poulson, Christine (1999). 4262:Views of different churches 4144: 3868: 3829:non-denominational churches 3623:Church of Christ, Scientist 3584:Non-observing denominations 3499:, according to the ancient 3012: 2941: 2847: 2318:is changed, not to explain 2218:) mentions in this regard: 1899:traditions, whether in the 1806:Mass in the Catholic Church 59: 10: 11042: 10858:World Evangelical Alliance 10820:Traditionalist Catholicism 9735:Sacrament of the Eucharist 9396:Henke, Frederick Goodrich 9094:10.1016/j.ijid.2013.05.001 8302:Friends General Conference 8143:, 15 February 1990, p. 16. 7876:. Nomos. 1992. p. 6. 7717:A Portraiture of Methodism 7244:The Dictionary of Religion 7166:Knouse, Nola Reed (2008). 6976:Libreria Editrice Vaticana 6952:Libreria Editrice Vaticana 6762:Libreria Editrice Vaticana 6603: 6587:Libreria Editrice Vaticana 6430:Libreria Editrice Vaticana 5818:Libreria Editrice Vaticana 5557:. Routledge. p. 185. 5424:Prestige, Leonard (1927). 5385:Libreria Editrice Vaticana 4533:. His works are edited in 4226:Communion under both kinds 4109: 4026:Christian views on alcohol 4023: 4019: 3985: 3925: 3861: 3831:practice various forms of 3657: 3636: 3604: 3541: 3485: 3377: 3344: 3231:Wesleyan covenant theology 3126:Congregationalist Churches 3105: 3022: 3016: 2907:by member churches of the 2851: 2702: 2671: 2632:) As the Passover was the 2480: 2455: 2425: 2283: 2224: 2148: 2096: 2060: 2041:. It also is found in the 1994: 1990: 1967: 1891: 1799: 1747: 1735: 1701:) in 1 Corinthians 10:16: 1691: 1584: 1492: 1482: 1470: 1437:, as in this 16th-century 1240: 445:Christian views on alcohol 204:Communion under both kinds 29: 25:Eucharist (disambiguation) 18: 10981:Ceremonial food and drink 10923: 10873: 10853:World Council of Churches 10828: 10746: 10630: 10621: 10576: 10361: 10345: 10340:Latter Day Saint movement 10325: 10285: 10185: 10166: 10112: 10069: 10014: 9920: 9899: 9858: 9826: 9783: 9281:Council of Trent (1829). 9006:21 September 2008 at the 8829:10.1016/j.bpg.2015.04.006 8096:Insight on the Scriptures 7927:Lee, David Y. T. (2018). 7724:the preaching of the word 7007:Runciman, Steven (1968). 6879:16, no. 4 (2008): 102–05" 6863:1 Cor. 11:23–25 5784:Heron, Alisdair >I.C. 5751:Heron, Alisdair >I.C. 5704:Moloney, Francis (2001). 5450:Oxford English Dictionary 5310:Richardson, Alan (1958). 4758:McKim, Donald K. (1998). 4556:World Council of Churches 4409: 3981: 3879:Penance or Reconciliation 3654:Open and closed communion 3177:Presbyterian Church (USA) 3164:.) in view of the use of 3025:Divine Service (Lutheran) 2913:proposed 1928 prayer book 2386:World Council of Churches 2006:Christ with the Eucharist 1905:Eastern Catholic Churches 1861:. The former consists of 1822:churches (especially the 1625:rather than a sacrament. 305:Catholic historical roots 10991:Eastern Orthodox liturgy 10881:Anti-Christian sentiment 10061:Christian biblical canon 9715:The Bread Which We Break 9701:. 1916, pp. 347–49. 9527:Massillon, Jean-Baptiste 9300:The Shape of the Liturgy 8866:29 December 2010 at the 8737:dermatitis herpetiformis 7746:Watson, Richard (1852). 7581:Oxford: Blackwell (2003) 7242:Benham, William (1887). 6807:Session XIII, chapter IV 6604:Mulcahy, O.P., Bernard. 5524:Catholic Church (1997). 5516:Catholic Church (2006). 5405:. Christ Lutheran Church 5266:Higgins, Jethro (2018), 5217:77.3 (July 2015), 503-21 4437: 4421:Catholic social teaching 4268:Eucharist in Anglicanism 4106:Transmission of diseases 4002:gluten-related disorders 3488:Memorial of Jesus' Death 3360:East Syriac Christianity 3078:assemblies, also termed 3019:Eucharist in Lutheranism 2977:, while others, such as 2854:Eucharist in Anglicanism 2838:right hand of fellowship 2720:Oriental Orthodox Church 2377:of the death of Christ. 1859:Liturgy of the Eucharist 396:Denominational teachings 10935:Christianity portal 10094:Investiture Controversy 9599:Piolanti, Antonio, ed. 9215:Sermons from the Latins 8731:The only treatment for 8526:ChurchofJesusChrist.org 8481:. Retrieved 2016–12–28. 8419:. Retrieved 2013–03–23. 8251:ChurchofJesusChrist.org 8226:ChurchofJesusChrist.org 8201:ChurchofJesusChrist.org 7457:. Retrieved 2011–04–25. 7246:. Cassell. p. 719. 7198:. Moravian Church. 2010 7091:. Gameo. 24 August 2013 6378:www.merriam-webster.com 6352:Presbyterorum ordinis 5 5553:Spicer, Andrew (2016). 5496:Encyclopedia Britannica 5272:, Oregon Catholic Press 5178:Roberts, B. H. (1938). 5153:. Ccel.org. 1 June 2005 5042:Milavec, Aaron (2003). 4946:, Matthew R. Crawford, 4360:by Martin Luther (1528) 4354:by Martin Luther (1523) 4324:Origin of the Eucharist 4060:United Methodist Church 3797:Congregational churches 3712:Mass of the Catechumens 3270:United Methodist Church 3242:Methodist denominations 2571:Reception and devotions 2136:Early Christian sources 2055:Bread of Life Discourse 1997:Origin of the Eucharist 1901:Eastern Orthodox Church 1795: 1792:" is used of the rite. 1401:universally affirm the 1395:real spiritual presence 300:Origin of the Eucharist 229:Feast of Corpus Christi 10886:Christian universalism 10277:Western Rite Orthodoxy 10122:Protestant Reformation 9709:The Meal Jesus Gave Us 9603:. Roma: Desclée, 1957. 9565:Nevin, John Williamson 9539:. Thomas Tegg and Son. 9228:"The Eucharist." 9188:(English translation: 8765:Aliment Pharmacol Ther 8474:9 October 2016 at the 7904:. 2017. Archived from 7561:"Brethren Online FAQs" 7318:Graves, J. R. (1928). 7039:26 August 2018 at the 5938:Lambert, J.C. (1978). 5927:1 Corinthians 11:17–34 5916:1 Corinthians 11:23–25 5801:Pelican (1963) p. 237 5184:. Deseret News Press. 5025:by Jerome Kodell 1988 5012:1 Corinthians 11:23–24 4843:by Stefano Zuffi 2003 4812:Campbell, Ted (1996). 4622:1 Corinthians 11:23–25 4580: 4574: 4568: 4535: 4485: 4476: 4344:Protestant Reformation 4121: 4064:Seventh-day Adventists 3941: 3923: 3906:Protestant confessions 3864:Eucharistic discipline 3801:Church of the Nazarene 3795:communities including 3685: 3544:Sacrament (LDS Church) 3462:Seventh-day Adventists 3452: 3401:Liturgy of Saint James 3393:West Syrian traditions 3298: 3196: 3140: 3034: 2951: 2870: 2826: 2785:Church of the Brethren 2708:Rite of Constantinople 2669: 2593: 2586:sacramental absolution 2554: 2496: 2441: 2262:Jews and the Eucharist 2241: 2230: 2199: 2187: 2116: 2013: 1924: 1842: 1836: 1721: 1713:of the body of Christ? 1685: 1670:Protestant Reformation 1652: 1641: 1606: 1603:1 Corinthians 11:20–21 1504: 1501:1 Corinthians 11:23–24 1452: 1399:eucharistic theologies 23:. For other uses, see 10986:Christian terminology 10544:Anointing of the Sick 9462:Latinovic, Vladimir, 9448:Latinovic, Vladimir, 9434:Latinovic, Vladimir, 8925:The Gluten-Free Bible 7656:anglicancommunion.org 7472:24 March 2011 at the 7467:How Lutherans Worship 7453:20 March 2011 at the 6722:Catholic Encyclopedia 6615:. Knights of Columbus 6552:. History.hanover.edu 6374:"Definition of PASCH" 5775:UBS (1971) pp. 173ff 4841:Gospel Figures in Art 4376:Year of the Eucharist 4119: 4102:Protestant churches. 4098:, and other American 3935: 3928:Eucharistic adoration 3926:Further information: 3921: 3721:Churches such as the 3675: 3554:Latter-Day Saint Ward 3447: 3309:churches such as the 3292: 3194: 3170:Jewish Passover meals 3134: 3122:Presbyterian Churches 3032: 2949: 2904:Book of Common Prayer 2866:Book of Common Prayer 2861: 2821: 2748:Greek Orthodox Church 2667: 2611:eucharistic adoration 2549: 2490: 2435: 2220: 2188: 2176: 2114: 2025:appears in all three 2004: 1995:Further information: 1985:Eritrean Christianity 1865:from the Bible and a 1703: 1647: 1634:Kremikovtsi Monastery 1631: 1596: 1488: 1432: 1407:Evangelical Anglicans 1287:that is considered a 189:Practices and customs 10865:Nondenominationalism 10738:Role in civilization 10205:Independent Catholic 10147:Relations with Islam 10127:Catholic Reformation 9643:Schmemann, Alexander 9545:Celebrating the Mass 9518:. Clark University. 9403:Jurgens, William A. 9217:. Benziger Brothers. 8603:on 30 November 2012. 8510:on 26 February 2011. 8410:Evangelical Lutheran 8047:. 18 December 2020. 8045:New Apostolic Church 8019:New Apostolic Church 7989:New Apostolic Church 7902:New Apostolic Church 7813:Communion Cups, 1000 7577:McGrath, Alister E. 7436:Christian Cyclopedia 7350:The Gospel Coalition 7288:The Study of Liturgy 7278:The Study of Liturgy 7266:The Study of Liturgy 6606:"The Holy Eucharist" 5997:The historical Jesus 5643:. Liturgical Press. 4541:, volume 120 (1852). 4296:Sacramental theology 4215:Eucharistic practice 4157:Eucharistic theology 4151:Eucharistic theology 3940:, flanked by candles 3649:Practice and customs 3631:Christian Scientists 3617:Christian Scientists 3435:New Apostolic Church 3328:, among others, use 3293:Communion elements: 3248:. Variations of the 3116:(which includes the 2999:Independent Baptists 2680:Eastern Christianity 2360:Articles of Religion 2356:Thirty-Nine Articles 2286:Eucharistic theology 2280:Eucharistic theology 2233:Paschasius Radbertus 2152:, "teaching") is an 872:Independent Catholic 170:Words of Institution 10976:Anglican sacraments 10911:Unlimited atonement 10896:Cultural Christians 10335:Jehovah's Witnesses 9957:Sermon on the Mount 9886:Christian tradition 9813:Lists of Christians 9659:Scotland, N. A. D. 9610:, Ingolstadt, 1577 9483:Löhr, Hermut, ed., 9420:The Book of Concord 9144:Wall Street Journal 8967:on 4 December 2010. 8881:"Gluten-free Hosts" 8490:(Book of Worship). 8415:7 July 2011 at the 8338:Commonweal Magazine 8334:"The Last Shakers?" 8278:on 13 December 2014 7776:on 27 December 2013 7579:Reformation Thought 7373:Augsburg Confession 7067:10.1093/jts/flae049 6909:www.catholicity.com 6885:on 10 December 2010 6207:on 16 November 2021 6176:on 16 November 2021 6078:St. Justin Martyr. 6016:on 29 December 2007 5786:Table and Tradition 5753:Table and Tradition 5347:1987Natur.329..578B 4969:John H. Armstrong, 4944:Thomas R. Schreiner 4575:"transubstantiatis" 4569:"transubstantiatio" 4236:Fraction (religion) 4179:Eucharistic Prayers 4162:Eucharistic miracle 3840:Community of Christ 3621:Although the early 3493:Jehovah's Witnesses 3482:Jehovah's Witnesses 3441:, emphasizing "the 3397:Syriac Christianity 3336:Syriac Christianity 2979:Particular Baptists 2829:Nicolaus Zinzendorf 2761:is invoked and the 2371:Anabaptist Churches 2340:Reformed Christians 2165:Ignatius of Antioch 1973:Coptic Christianity 1945:Syriac Christianity 1935:Other Eastern rites 1855:Liturgy of the Word 1718:1 Corinthians 10:16 1520:Ignatius of Antioch 1391:Reformed Christians 1303:, the night before 1153:Christianity portal 1010:Jehovah's Witnesses 690:History of theology 450:Eucharistic miracle 10756:Crusading movement 10024:Ante-Nicene period 9476:Lefebvre, Gaspar. 9205:Bellarmine, Robert 9182:, 324 – via 9056:on 3 December 2013 8981:. Copticchurch.net 8922:Jax Peter Lowell, 8678:on 25 January 2013 8021:. 18 December 2020 7991:. 18 December 2020 7590:Hendry, George S. 7535:Muller, G. (1860) 7413:F. L. Cross, ed., 6877:Inside the Vatican 6788:on 6 December 2018 6434:Paragraphs 1362–67 6293:on 7 November 2013 6233:. Louisville, KY: 6227:Horton, Michael S. 5875:on 15 October 2013 5835:Harris, Stephen L. 5799:The Gospel of Luke 5771:Metzger, Bruce M. 5673:Lord's Supper, The 5578:Kellerman, James. 5467:"Concluding Rites" 4583:transsubstantiatis 4452:Oriental Orthodoxy 4289:Transubstantiation 4173:Liturgical worship 4122: 4072:Churches of Christ 3942: 3924: 3825:Churches of Christ 3743:Church of the East 3729:Churches practice 3686: 3528:transubstantiation 3421:Irvingian Churches 3326:Churches of Christ 3303:Churches of Christ 3299: 3250:Eucharistic Prayer 3197: 3141: 3114:Reformed tradition 3092:Exclusive Brethren 3060:transubstantiation 3035: 2983:pneumatic presence 2975:Free Will Baptists 2952: 2909:Anglican Communion 2871: 2670: 2621:prefigured in the 2555: 2553:celebrates a Mass. 2534:transubstantiation 2513:transubstantiation 2497: 2477:As a real presence 2442: 2396:Ritual and liturgy 2344:spiritual presence 2312:Transubstantiation 2308:Church of the East 2304:Oriental Orthodoxy 2256:transubstantiation 2117: 2014: 2010:Vicente Juan Masip 1824:Churches of Sweden 1653: 1642: 1453: 1371:transubstantiation 1356:Eucharistic Prayer 892:Church of the East 756:Early Christianity 362:Transubstantiation 224:Reserved sacrament 113:Ritual and liturgy 10953: 10952: 10919: 10918: 10847:Charta Oecumenica 10357: 10356: 10347:Iglesia ni Cristo 10162: 10161: 10142:French Revolution 10132:Thirty Years' War 10004:Apostolic fathers 9972:Great Commandment 9699:The Interior Life 9677:Stoffer, Dale R. 9347:This Holy Mystery 9262:The Lord's Supper 9223:Berington, Joseph 9012:Christian Century 8711:10.1159/000347180 8557:978-0-9972544-4-0 8356:www.newadvent.org 7963:978-1-62564-865-5 7938:978-1-5275-1208-5 7883:978-3-8329-2132-3 7859:978-0-8189-0413-4 7594:SCM (1960) p. 232 7228:978-0-7618-4470-9 6634:Aquinas, Thomas. 6523:Aquinas, Thomas. 6269:978-0-8308-7890-1 6201:bookofconcord.org 6170:bookofconcord.org 5869:VatiKos Theologie 4949:The Lord's Supper 4537:Patrologia Latina 4283:Sacramental union 4209:Canon of the Mass 4135:Church of England 4084:Assemblies of God 3950:Blessed Sacrament 3805:Assemblies of God 3773:instruction. The 3739:Oriental Orthodox 3558:Sacrament meeting 3538:Latter-day Saints 3532:consubstantiation 3456:consubstantiation 3235:covenant of grace 3080:Plymouth Brethren 3051:consubstantiation 3047:sacramental union 2995:Founders movement 2991:Southern Baptists 2883:Church of England 2864:1845 illustrated 2660:Eastern Orthodoxy 2615:Catholic theology 2551:Pope Benedict XVI 2499:According to the 2334:sacramental union 2300:Eastern Orthodoxy 1929:Lutheran churches 1814:" is used in the 1770:Blessed Sacrament 1758:Plymouth Brethren 1729:Breaking of bread 1562:Latter-day Saints 1538:Oriental Orthodox 1443:Leonardo da Vinci 1387:sacramental union 1379:Oriental Orthodox 1274:Blessed Sacrament 1268:), also known as 1246: 1189: 1188: 1042: 1041: 1015:Latter Day Saints 1000:Iglesia ni Cristo 965:United Protestant 950:Plymouth Brethren 885:Oriental Orthodox 493: 492: 357:Transignification 352:Sacramental union 330:Consubstantiation 21:Christian liturgy 11033: 10943: 10942: 10933: 10932: 10776:Environmentalism 10726:Church buildings 10628: 10627: 10443:Eastern Orthodox 10438:Eastern Catholic 10350: 10349: 10317:Eastern Catholic 10295:Eastern Orthodox 10183: 10182: 10104:Age of Discovery 10089:East–West Schism 9987:Great Commission 9918: 9917: 9770: 9763: 9756: 9747: 9746: 9618:; German title: 9614:. (Latin title: 9540: 9534: 9359:Father Gabriel. 9292: 9286: 9275:Church, Catholic 9258:Chemnitz, Martin 9236: 9230: 9218: 9212: 9200: 9187: 9155: 9154: 9152: 9150: 9135: 9129: 9128: 9126: 9124: 9113: 9107: 9106: 9096: 9072: 9066: 9065: 9063: 9061: 9052:. Archived from 9021: 9015: 8997: 8991: 8990: 8988: 8986: 8975: 8969: 8968: 8963:. Archived from 8957: 8951: 8950: 8949:on 16 June 2012. 8945:. Archived from 8935: 8929: 8920: 8914: 8907: 8901: 8900: 8898: 8896: 8887:. Archived from 8876: 8870: 8858: 8852: 8851: 8812: 8806: 8805: 8780: 8756: 8750: 8749: 8694: 8688: 8687: 8685: 8683: 8668: 8662: 8661: 8656:. Archived from 8650: 8641: 8640: 8639:on 21 July 2008. 8635:. Archived from 8629: 8623: 8622: 8621:on 28 June 2011. 8617:. Archived from 8611: 8605: 8604: 8599:. Archived from 8589: 8580: 8579: 8578:on 28 June 2011. 8574:. Archived from 8568: 8562: 8561: 8543: 8537: 8536: 8534: 8532: 8518: 8512: 8511: 8506:. Archived from 8500: 8494: 8488: 8482: 8466: 8460: 8459: 8448: 8442: 8441: 8439: 8437: 8426: 8420: 8407: 8401: 8400: 8398: 8396: 8385: 8379: 8378: 8366: 8360: 8359: 8348: 8342: 8341: 8330: 8324: 8323: 8312: 8306: 8305: 8294: 8288: 8287: 8285: 8283: 8268: 8262: 8261: 8259: 8257: 8243: 8237: 8236: 8234: 8232: 8218: 8212: 8211: 8209: 8207: 8193: 8187: 8186: 8184: 8182: 8172: 8166: 8165: 8163: 8161: 8150: 8144: 8137: 8131: 8130: 8121: 8112: 8105: 8099: 8093: 8087: 8081: 8075: 8071: 8065: 8058: 8052: 8051: 8037: 8031: 8030: 8028: 8026: 8007: 8001: 8000: 7998: 7996: 7977: 7968: 7967: 7949: 7943: 7942: 7924: 7918: 7917: 7915: 7913: 7908:on 29 April 2021 7894: 7888: 7887: 7870: 7864: 7863: 7845: 7839: 7838: 7831: 7825: 7822: 7816: 7810: 7804: 7803: 7792: 7786: 7785: 7783: 7781: 7772:. Archived from 7762: 7756: 7755: 7743: 7737: 7736: 7712: 7706: 7705: 7687: 7681: 7680: 7663: 7657: 7651: 7645: 7644: 7642: 7640: 7626: 7620: 7619: 7611:Ordained Servant 7601: 7595: 7588: 7582: 7575: 7569: 7568: 7563:. Archived from 7557: 7551: 7545: 7539: 7533: 7527: 7521: 7512: 7511: 7509: 7507: 7495: 7489: 7483: 7477: 7464: 7458: 7445: 7439: 7428: 7422: 7411: 7405: 7404: 7382: 7376: 7370: 7364: 7363: 7358: 7356: 7341: 7332: 7331: 7314: 7308: 7298:Matthew 26:26–29 7295: 7289: 7286: 7280: 7275: 7269: 7263: 7257: 7254: 7248: 7247: 7239: 7233: 7232: 7214: 7208: 7207: 7205: 7203: 7192: 7186: 7185: 7163: 7157: 7156: 7138: 7129: 7128: 7107: 7101: 7100: 7098: 7096: 7085: 7079: 7078: 7050: 7044: 7031: 7025: 7024: 7004: 6998: 6997: 6990: 6984: 6983: 6974:(2nd ed.). 6966: 6960: 6959: 6950:(2nd ed.). 6942: 6936: 6935: 6933: 6931: 6919: 6913: 6912: 6905:"Holy Communion" 6901: 6895: 6894: 6892: 6890: 6881:. Archived from 6871: 6865: 6860: 6854: 6844:Matthew 26:26–28 6841: 6835: 6834: 6832: 6830: 6816: 6810: 6804: 6798: 6797: 6795: 6793: 6784:. Archived from 6776: 6770: 6769: 6760:(2nd ed.). 6752: 6746: 6741: 6735: 6726: 6712: 6711: 6706: 6700: 6699: 6697: 6695: 6688:"Denzinger 8020" 6684: 6678: 6677: 6675: 6673: 6664:. Archived from 6658: 6652: 6651: 6649: 6647: 6631: 6625: 6624: 6622: 6620: 6610: 6601: 6595: 6594: 6585:(2nd ed.). 6577: 6571: 6568: 6562: 6561: 6559: 6557: 6546: 6540: 6539: 6537: 6535: 6520: 6514: 6513: 6511: 6509: 6495: 6489: 6488: 6486: 6484: 6472: 6466: 6465: 6458: 6452: 6451: 6444: 6438: 6437: 6428:(2nd ed.). 6420: 6414: 6413: 6411: 6409: 6395: 6389: 6388: 6386: 6384: 6370: 6364: 6363: 6361: 6359: 6347: 6341: 6340: 6338: 6336: 6329:Lumen gentium 11 6324: 6318: 6309: 6303: 6302: 6300: 6298: 6283: 6277: 6276: 6255: 6249: 6248: 6223: 6217: 6216: 6214: 6212: 6203:. Archived from 6192: 6186: 6185: 6183: 6181: 6172:. Archived from 6161: 6155: 6154:(emphasis added) 6149: 6143: 6142: 6124: 6118: 6115: 6106: 6099: 6093: 6092: 6090: 6088: 6075: 6069: 6064: 6058: 6053: 6047: 6046: 6040: 6035: 6033: 6025: 6023: 6021: 6012:. Archived from 6006: 6000: 5993: 5987: 5977: 5971: 5966: 5960: 5959: 5947: 5935: 5929: 5924: 5918: 5913: 5907: 5902: 5896: 5891: 5885: 5884: 5882: 5880: 5861: 5855: 5844: 5838: 5832: 5826: 5825: 5816:(2nd ed.). 5808: 5802: 5795: 5789: 5782: 5776: 5769: 5763: 5749: 5743: 5738: 5732: 5730:Matthew 26:26–29 5727: 5721: 5716: 5710: 5709: 5701: 5695: 5681: 5675: 5661: 5655: 5654: 5634: 5628: 5627: 5602: 5596: 5595: 5593: 5591: 5575: 5569: 5568: 5550: 5544: 5543: 5531: 5521: 5513: 5507: 5506: 5504: 5502: 5488: 5482: 5481: 5479: 5477: 5463: 5457: 5447: 5441: 5440: 5438: 5436: 5421: 5415: 5414: 5412: 5410: 5399: 5393: 5392: 5383:(2nd ed.). 5375: 5369: 5368: 5358: 5356:10.1038/329578b0 5334: 5328: 5327: 5317: 5307: 5301: 5280: 5274: 5273: 5263: 5257: 5250: 5244: 5239:Roger E. Olson, 5237: 5231: 5224: 5218: 5211: 5205: 5200: 5194: 5193: 5174: 5163: 5162: 5160: 5158: 5143: 5137: 5123: 5117: 5114: 5108: 5097: 5091: 5078: 5067: 5066: 5064: 5062: 5039: 5033: 5020: 5014: 5009: 5003: 4988: 4982: 4973:(Zondervan 2009 4967: 4961: 4941: 4932: 4931: 4912: 4899: 4898: 4896: 4894: 4880: 4874: 4873: 4871: 4869: 4858: 4852: 4838: 4832: 4831: 4809: 4803: 4802: 4780: 4774: 4773: 4755: 4749: 4748: 4726: 4720: 4719: 4717: 4715: 4704: 4698: 4697: 4695: 4693: 4679: 4666: 4665: 4659: 4651: 4630: 4624: 4615: 4598: 4595: 4589: 4587: 4577: 4571: 4564: 4558: 4554:document of the 4548: 4542: 4540: 4531:Pope Gregory VII 4527: 4521: 4514: 4508: 4505: 4499: 4496: 4490: 4488: 4479: 4448: 4382:Host desecration 4334:Marburg Colloquy 4251:Sacramental wine 4221:Closed communion 3889:Eastern Orthodox 3783:Church of Sweden 3735:Eastern Orthodox 3731:closed communion 3727:Eastern Orthodox 3705: 3702: 3695:. The apologist 3664:Closed communion 3356:Qurbana Qaddisha 3166:unleavened bread 3137:communion tokens 2936:1662 prayer book 2924:1552 prayer book 2895:Episcopal Church 2803:Moravian/Hussite 2705: 2704: 2642:Matthew 26:26–28 2596: 2529:Council of Trent 2384:document of the 2348:a range of views 2244: 2227: 2226: 2217: 2214: 2210: 2207: 2197: 2196:Philadephians, 4 2185: 2173: 2170: 2151: 2150: 2107: 2099: 2098: 2047:Paul the Apostle 2027:synoptic Gospels 1970: 1969: 1965:(from the Greek 1957:Alexandrian Rite 1919: 1894: 1893: 1849: 1839: 1755: 1750: 1749: 1744: 1742:klasis tou artou 1738: 1737: 1736:κλάσις τοῦ ἄρτου 1719: 1700: 1694: 1693: 1688: 1680:is derived from 1660:Use of the term 1604: 1593: 1591:Kyriakon deipnon 1587: 1586: 1585:Κυριακὸν δεῖπνον 1534:Eastern Orthodox 1511: 1502: 1495: 1494: 1485: 1484: 1479: 1473: 1472: 1441:painting, after 1375:Eastern Orthodox 1317:synoptic Gospels 1267: 1264: 1261: 1258: 1255: 1251: 1245:romanized: 1244: 1242: 1231: 1226: 1225: 1222: 1221: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1206: 1203: 1181: 1174: 1167: 1150: 995:Christadelphians 925:Free Evangelical 878:Eastern Orthodox 835: 834: 786:East–West Schism 518: 495: 494: 485: 478: 471: 455:Host desecration 434:Related articles 412:Latter-day Saint 239:Infant communion 81: 69: 62: 39: 38: 11041: 11040: 11036: 11035: 11034: 11032: 11031: 11030: 10956: 10955: 10954: 10949: 10927: 10915: 10869: 10824: 10742: 10623: 10617: 10572: 10497:One true church 10353: 10321: 10281: 10170: 10158: 10108: 10065: 10010: 9937:in Christianity 9923: 9909: 9903: 9895: 9854: 9830: 9822: 9779: 9774: 9725: 9720: 9665:Latimer Studies 9550:Neal, Gregory. 9361:Divine Intimacy 9345:Felton, Gayle. 9331:Elert, Werner. 9239:Bouyer, Louis. 9170:Aquinas, Thomas 9164: 9162:Further reading 9159: 9158: 9148: 9146: 9136: 9132: 9122: 9120: 9115: 9114: 9110: 9087:(11): e945–48. 9073: 9069: 9059: 9057: 9022: 9018: 9008:Wayback Machine 9001:I Smell the Cup 8998: 8994: 8984: 8982: 8977: 8976: 8972: 8959: 8958: 8954: 8937: 8936: 8932: 8921: 8917: 8908: 8904: 8894: 8892: 8877: 8873: 8868:Wayback Machine 8859: 8855: 8813: 8809: 8757: 8753: 8695: 8691: 8681: 8679: 8670: 8669: 8665: 8652: 8651: 8644: 8631: 8630: 8626: 8613: 8612: 8608: 8591: 8590: 8583: 8570: 8569: 8565: 8558: 8544: 8540: 8530: 8528: 8520: 8519: 8515: 8502: 8501: 8497: 8489: 8485: 8476:Wayback Machine 8467: 8463: 8450: 8449: 8445: 8435: 8433: 8428: 8427: 8423: 8417:Wayback Machine 8408: 8404: 8394: 8392: 8387: 8386: 8382: 8367: 8363: 8350: 8349: 8345: 8332: 8331: 8327: 8314: 8313: 8309: 8296: 8295: 8291: 8281: 8279: 8270: 8269: 8265: 8255: 8253: 8245: 8244: 8240: 8230: 8228: 8220: 8219: 8215: 8205: 8203: 8195: 8194: 8190: 8180: 8178: 8174: 8173: 8169: 8159: 8157: 8152: 8151: 8147: 8138: 8134: 8123: 8122: 8115: 8106: 8102: 8094: 8090: 8082: 8078: 8072: 8068: 8059: 8055: 8039: 8038: 8034: 8024: 8022: 8009: 8008: 8004: 7994: 7992: 7979: 7978: 7971: 7964: 7950: 7946: 7939: 7925: 7921: 7911: 7909: 7896: 7895: 7891: 7884: 7872: 7871: 7867: 7860: 7846: 7842: 7833: 7832: 7828: 7823: 7819: 7811: 7807: 7794: 7793: 7789: 7779: 7777: 7764: 7763: 7759: 7744: 7740: 7719:. p. 224. 7713: 7709: 7702: 7688: 7684: 7677: 7665: 7664: 7660: 7652: 7648: 7638: 7636: 7628: 7627: 7623: 7602: 7598: 7589: 7585: 7576: 7572: 7567:on 18 May 2016. 7559: 7558: 7554: 7547:Bradshaw, P.F. 7546: 7542: 7534: 7530: 7522: 7515: 7505: 7503: 7496: 7492: 7484: 7480: 7474:Wayback Machine 7465: 7461: 7455:Wayback Machine 7446: 7442: 7430:J. T. Mueller, 7429: 7425: 7412: 7408: 7397: 7383: 7379: 7371: 7367: 7354: 7352: 7342: 7335: 7315: 7311: 7296: 7292: 7287: 7283: 7276: 7272: 7264: 7260: 7255: 7251: 7240: 7236: 7229: 7215: 7211: 7201: 7199: 7194: 7193: 7189: 7178: 7164: 7160: 7153: 7139: 7132: 7122: 7108: 7104: 7094: 7092: 7087: 7086: 7082: 7051: 7047: 7041:Wayback Machine 7032: 7028: 7021: 7005: 7001: 6992: 6991: 6987: 6968: 6967: 6963: 6944: 6943: 6939: 6929: 6927: 6921: 6920: 6916: 6903: 6902: 6898: 6888: 6886: 6873: 6872: 6868: 6861: 6857: 6842: 6838: 6828: 6826: 6818: 6817: 6813: 6809:; cf. canon II) 6805: 6801: 6791: 6789: 6778: 6777: 6773: 6754: 6753: 6749: 6742: 6738: 6709: 6707: 6703: 6693: 6691: 6686: 6685: 6681: 6671: 6669: 6660: 6659: 6655: 6645: 6643: 6632: 6628: 6618: 6616: 6608: 6602: 6598: 6579: 6578: 6574: 6569: 6565: 6555: 6553: 6548: 6547: 6543: 6533: 6531: 6521: 6517: 6507: 6505: 6497: 6496: 6492: 6482: 6480: 6474: 6473: 6469: 6460: 6459: 6455: 6446: 6445: 6441: 6422: 6421: 6417: 6407: 6405: 6397: 6396: 6392: 6382: 6380: 6372: 6371: 6367: 6357: 6355: 6349: 6348: 6344: 6334: 6332: 6326: 6325: 6321: 6310: 6306: 6296: 6294: 6285: 6284: 6280: 6270: 6256: 6252: 6245: 6237:. p. 126. 6224: 6220: 6210: 6208: 6193: 6189: 6179: 6177: 6162: 6158: 6150: 6146: 6139: 6125: 6121: 6116: 6109: 6100: 6096: 6086: 6084: 6076: 6072: 6065: 6061: 6054: 6050: 6038: 6036: 6027: 6026: 6019: 6017: 6008: 6007: 6003: 5994: 5990: 5978: 5974: 5967: 5963: 5956: 5936: 5932: 5925: 5921: 5914: 5910: 5903: 5899: 5892: 5888: 5878: 5876: 5863: 5862: 5858: 5845: 5841: 5833: 5829: 5810: 5809: 5805: 5796: 5792: 5783: 5779: 5770: 5766: 5750: 5746: 5739: 5735: 5728: 5724: 5717: 5713: 5702: 5698: 5682: 5678: 5662: 5658: 5651: 5635: 5631: 5625: 5603: 5599: 5589: 5587: 5586:on 19 June 2017 5576: 5572: 5565: 5551: 5547: 5540: 5514: 5510: 5500: 5498: 5490: 5489: 5485: 5475: 5473: 5465: 5464: 5460: 5448: 5444: 5434: 5432: 5422: 5418: 5408: 5406: 5401: 5400: 5396: 5377: 5376: 5372: 5335: 5331: 5308: 5304: 5281: 5277: 5264: 5260: 5251: 5247: 5238: 5234: 5225: 5221: 5212: 5208: 5201: 5197: 5175: 5166: 5156: 5154: 5145: 5144: 5140: 5124: 5120: 5115: 5111: 5098: 5094: 5079: 5070: 5060: 5058: 5056: 5040: 5036: 5021: 5017: 5010: 5006: 4989: 4985: 4968: 4964: 4942: 4935: 4929: 4913: 4902: 4892: 4890: 4882: 4881: 4877: 4867: 4865: 4860: 4859: 4855: 4839: 4835: 4828: 4810: 4806: 4795: 4781: 4777: 4770: 4756: 4752: 4741: 4727: 4723: 4713: 4711: 4710:. 27 March 2020 4706: 4705: 4701: 4691: 4689: 4681: 4680: 4669: 4653: 4652: 4648: 4631: 4627: 4616: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4601: 4596: 4592: 4565: 4561: 4549: 4545: 4528: 4524: 4515: 4511: 4506: 4502: 4497: 4493: 4449: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4412: 4390: 4366:(1530 and 1540) 4340:Sacramentarians 4328:The Last Supper 4320: 4298: 4264: 4231:First Communion 4217: 4175: 4153: 4147: 4114: 4108: 4028: 4022: 3990: 3984: 3979: 3930: 3916: 3908: 3900:All-Night Vigil 3891: 3871: 3866: 3860: 3703: 3682:Catholic Church 3670: 3658:Main articles: 3656: 3651: 3639: 3627:Mary Baker Eddy 3619: 3607: 3591: 3586: 3546: 3540: 3512:Christ the King 3501:Jewish calendar 3490: 3484: 3464: 3417: 3412: 3382: 3376: 3349: 3343: 3338: 3287: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3189: 3110: 3104: 3072: 3027: 3021: 3015: 2993:, those in the 2966:is often used. 2944: 2918:The so-called " 2856: 2850: 2842:Maundy Thursday 2809:Moravian Church 2805: 2777: 2772: 2716:Basil the Great 2714:, the other to 2712:John Chrysostom 2676: 2662: 2613:. According to 2573: 2501:Catholic Church 2485: 2479: 2460: 2454: 2438:Tridentine Mass 2430: 2424: 2422:Catholic Church 2398: 2288: 2282: 2264: 2215: 2208: 2198: 2195: 2186: 2184:Smyrnaeans, 7–8 2183: 2172: 35 or 50 2171: 2138: 2091: 2063: 2019: 2012:, 16th century. 1999: 1993: 1971:) is common in 1937: 1915: 1892:Θεία Λειτουργία 1879: 1840:, a dismissal: 1816:Catholic Church 1808: 1800:Main articles: 1798: 1774:Anglo-Catholics 1766: 1731: 1726: 1720: 1717: 1674:First Communion 1658: 1605: 1602: 1576: 1503: 1500: 1458: 1427: 1411:Anglo-Catholics 1363:Catholic Church 1352:communion table 1305:his crucifixion 1265: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1229: 1200: 1196: 1185: 1122: 1121: 1092:Other religions 1052: 1044: 1043: 832: 831: 811: 810: 731: 730: 710: 709: 643: 633: 632: 593: 592: 574: 573: 539: 538: 489: 460: 459: 435: 427: 426: 397: 389: 388: 374:Sacramentarians 320: 310: 309: 295: 287: 286: 273: 234:First Communion 190: 182: 181: 114: 106: 105: 104: 89: 72: 65: 58: 54: 35: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 11039: 11029: 11028: 11023: 11018: 11013: 11008: 11003: 10998: 10993: 10988: 10983: 10978: 10973: 10968: 10951: 10950: 10948: 10947: 10937: 10924: 10921: 10920: 10917: 10916: 10914: 10913: 10908: 10903: 10898: 10893: 10888: 10883: 10877: 10875: 10871: 10870: 10868: 10867: 10862: 10861: 10860: 10855: 10850: 10838: 10832: 10830: 10826: 10825: 10823: 10822: 10817: 10812: 10807: 10802: 10793: 10788: 10786:Fundamentalism 10783: 10781:Existentialism 10778: 10773: 10768: 10763: 10758: 10752: 10750: 10744: 10743: 10741: 10740: 10735: 10734: 10733: 10723: 10718: 10713: 10708: 10703: 10698: 10693: 10692: 10691: 10681: 10680: 10679: 10674: 10672:God the Father 10669: 10664: 10659: 10649: 10648: 10647: 10636: 10634: 10625: 10619: 10618: 10616: 10615: 10610: 10605: 10604: 10603: 10593: 10588: 10582: 10580: 10574: 10573: 10571: 10570: 10569: 10568: 10558: 10553: 10552: 10551: 10546: 10541: 10536: 10531: 10526: 10521: 10511: 10510: 10509: 10504: 10499: 10494: 10492:Body of Christ 10489: 10479: 10474: 10469: 10468: 10467: 10457: 10452: 10451: 10450: 10445: 10440: 10435: 10425: 10420: 10415: 10410: 10405: 10400: 10395: 10394: 10393: 10388: 10383: 10378: 10367: 10365: 10359: 10358: 10355: 10354: 10352: 10351: 10342: 10337: 10331: 10329: 10327:Restorationist 10323: 10322: 10320: 10319: 10314: 10309: 10304: 10303: 10302: 10291: 10289: 10283: 10282: 10280: 10279: 10274: 10273: 10272: 10267: 10262: 10257: 10252: 10247: 10242: 10237: 10232: 10227: 10222: 10217: 10207: 10202: 10197: 10191: 10189: 10180: 10164: 10163: 10160: 10159: 10157: 10156: 10155: 10154: 10144: 10139: 10134: 10129: 10124: 10118: 10116: 10110: 10109: 10107: 10106: 10101: 10096: 10091: 10086: 10081: 10075: 10073: 10067: 10066: 10064: 10063: 10058: 10053: 10052: 10051: 10046: 10036: 10031: 10029:Late antiquity 10026: 10020: 10018: 10012: 10011: 10009: 10008: 10007: 10006: 9999:Church fathers 9996: 9991: 9990: 9989: 9984: 9979: 9974: 9969: 9964: 9959: 9954: 9949: 9944: 9939: 9928: 9926: 9915: 9897: 9896: 9894: 9893: 9888: 9883: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9862: 9860: 9856: 9855: 9853: 9852: 9847: 9842: 9836: 9834: 9824: 9823: 9821: 9820: 9815: 9810: 9805: 9800: 9795: 9790: 9784: 9781: 9780: 9773: 9772: 9765: 9758: 9750: 9744: 9743: 9738: 9732: 9724: 9723:External links 9721: 9719: 9718: 9713:Yarnold, G.D. 9711: 9702: 9695: 9683:Stookey, L.H. 9681: 9675: 9657: 9640: 9626:Sasse, Hermann 9623: 9604: 9597: 9583:Oden, Thomas C 9580: 9562: 9548: 9541: 9523: 9510: 9495: 9493:978-3825234997 9481: 9474: 9472:978-3402249482 9460: 9458:978-3402247518 9446: 9444:978-3402133583 9432: 9415: 9401: 9394: 9377: 9371: 9369:978-1905574438 9357: 9343: 9329: 9310: 9293: 9278: 9272: 9255: 9237: 9235:. Jos. Booker. 9219: 9201: 9165: 9163: 9160: 9157: 9156: 9130: 9108: 9067: 9016: 8992: 8970: 8952: 8943:www.vatican.va 8930: 8915: 8902: 8871: 8853: 8807: 8751: 8689: 8663: 8660:on 9 May 2013. 8642: 8624: 8606: 8597:www.vatican.va 8581: 8563: 8556: 8538: 8513: 8495: 8483: 8461: 8458:. 14 May 2015. 8443: 8421: 8402: 8380: 8361: 8343: 8325: 8307: 8289: 8263: 8238: 8213: 8188: 8167: 8145: 8141:The Watchtower 8132: 8113: 8109:The Watchtower 8100: 8088: 8076: 8066: 8053: 8032: 8002: 7969: 7962: 7944: 7937: 7919: 7889: 7882: 7865: 7858: 7840: 7826: 7817: 7805: 7787: 7757: 7738: 7707: 7701:978-1426756610 7700: 7682: 7676:978-1858521824 7675: 7658: 7646: 7621: 7596: 7583: 7570: 7552: 7540: 7528: 7513: 7498:Gibson, Jean. 7490: 7478: 7459: 7440: 7423: 7406: 7396:978-0802866943 7395: 7377: 7365: 7333: 7309: 7290: 7281: 7270: 7258: 7249: 7234: 7227: 7209: 7187: 7177:978-1580462600 7176: 7158: 7152:978-1574555578 7151: 7130: 7120: 7102: 7080: 7045: 7026: 7020:978-0521313100 7019: 6999: 6985: 6980:Paragraph 1457 6961: 6956:Paragraph 1385 6937: 6914: 6896: 6866: 6855: 6836: 6824:www.vatican.va 6811: 6799: 6771: 6766:Paragraph 1376 6747: 6736: 6701: 6679: 6668:on 31 May 2020 6653: 6642:. Kevin Knight 6626: 6596: 6591:Paragraph 1377 6572: 6563: 6541: 6515: 6490: 6467: 6453: 6439: 6415: 6403:www.vatican.va 6390: 6365: 6342: 6319: 6304: 6278: 6268: 6250: 6244:978-0664230715 6243: 6218: 6187: 6156: 6144: 6137: 6119: 6107: 6094: 6070: 6059: 6048: 6001: 5988: 5972: 5961: 5955:978-0802880451 5954: 5930: 5919: 5908: 5897: 5886: 5856: 5839: 5827: 5822:Paragraph 2837 5803: 5790: 5777: 5764: 5744: 5733: 5722: 5711: 5696: 5689:978-0192802903 5676: 5656: 5650:978-0814662663 5649: 5629: 5624:978-0470670606 5623: 5597: 5570: 5564:978-1351921169 5563: 5545: 5539:978-1574551105 5538: 5508: 5483: 5458: 5442: 5416: 5394: 5389:Paragraph 1330 5370: 5329: 5302: 5275: 5258: 5245: 5232: 5230:, OUP US, 2012 5219: 5206: 5195: 5164: 5138: 5128:by Laurie Guy 5118: 5109: 5105:978-0415201001 5092: 5068: 5055:978-0814658314 5054: 5034: 5015: 5004: 5000:978-0664224165 4983: 4979:978-0310542759 4962: 4958:978-0805447576 4933: 4928:978-0814661529 4927: 4900: 4875: 4864:. Biblehub.com 4853: 4849:978-0892367276 4833: 4826: 4804: 4794:978-0719055379 4793: 4775: 4769:978-1579101046 4768: 4750: 4740:978-0802866943 4739: 4721: 4699: 4687:Britannica.com 4667: 4646: 4625: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4600: 4599: 4590: 4584: 4559: 4543: 4522: 4509: 4500: 4491: 4442: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4411: 4408: 4407: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4389: 4386: 4385: 4384: 4379: 4373: 4367: 4361: 4355: 4347: 4337: 4331: 4319: 4316: 4315: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4297: 4294: 4293: 4292: 4286: 4280: 4275: 4270: 4263: 4260: 4259: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4246:Open communion 4243: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4216: 4213: 4212: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4199:Divine Liturgy 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4174: 4171: 4170: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4152: 4149: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4107: 4104: 4058:churches, the 4021: 4018: 3998:celiac disease 3986:Main article: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3915: 3912: 3907: 3904: 3890: 3887: 3870: 3867: 3862:Main article: 3859: 3856: 3833:open communion 3716:Byzantine Rite 3693:full communion 3668:Full communion 3660:Open communion 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3638: 3635: 3618: 3615: 3606: 3603: 3595:Salvation Army 3590: 3589:Salvation Army 3587: 3585: 3582: 3577:Book of Mormon 3542:Main article: 3539: 3536: 3486:Main article: 3483: 3480: 3476:Open communion 3463: 3460: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3410:Restorationism 3408: 3389:Qurobo Qadisho 3378:Main article: 3375: 3372: 3345:Main article: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3315:Calvary Chapel 3286: 3283: 3266:communion cups 3261:circuit riders 3213: 3209:Charles Wesley 3188: 3185: 3106:Main article: 3103: 3100: 3071: 3068: 3017:Main article: 3014: 3011: 2943: 2940: 2852:Main article: 2849: 2846: 2817:Holy Communion 2804: 2801: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2744:Byzantine Rite 2726:, the eves of 2690:and, often, a 2684:Byzantine Rite 2674:Divine Liturgy 2672:Main article: 2661: 2658: 2650:Luke 22: 19–20 2630:Exodus 12:3–13 2572: 2569: 2517:Thomas Aquinas 2481:Main article: 2478: 2475: 2456:Main article: 2453: 2452:As a sacrifice 2450: 2426:Main article: 2423: 2420: 2397: 2394: 2369:, such as the 2321: 2317: 2284:Main article: 2281: 2278: 2263: 2260: 2193: 2181: 2137: 2134: 2090: 2087: 2062: 2059: 2051:Gospel of John 2018: 2017:Biblical basis 2015: 1992: 1989: 1936: 1933: 1912:Divine Service 1897:Byzantine Rite 1883:Divine Liturgy 1878: 1875: 1802:Mass (liturgy) 1797: 1794: 1765: 1762: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1715: 1666:Holy Communion 1657: 1654: 1650:Józef Mehoffer 1600: 1575: 1572: 1498: 1457: 1454: 1439:Juan de Juanes 1426: 1423: 1319:this was at a 1270:Holy Communion 1187: 1186: 1184: 1183: 1176: 1169: 1161: 1158: 1157: 1156: 1155: 1143: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1124: 1123: 1120: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1079: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1053: 1051:Related topics 1050: 1049: 1046: 1045: 1040: 1039: 1038: 1037: 1032: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1002: 997: 989: 988: 986:Restorationist 982: 981: 980: 979: 978: 977: 972: 967: 962: 957: 952: 947: 942: 937: 932: 927: 922: 917: 912: 907: 895: 888: 881: 874: 869: 864: 863: 862: 857: 842: 841: 833: 830: 829: 824: 818: 817: 816: 813: 812: 809: 808: 803: 798: 793: 788: 783: 778: 773: 768: 763: 761:Church Fathers 758: 753: 748: 743: 738: 732: 729: 728: 723: 717: 716: 715: 712: 711: 708: 707: 702: 697: 692: 687: 682: 677: 672: 671: 670: 665: 660: 650: 644: 639: 638: 635: 634: 631: 630: 625: 620: 615: 610: 605: 600: 594: 591: 590: 587: 581: 580: 579: 576: 575: 572: 571: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 540: 537: 536: 531: 525: 524: 523: 520: 519: 511: 510: 504: 503: 491: 490: 488: 487: 480: 473: 465: 462: 461: 458: 457: 452: 447: 442: 436: 433: 432: 429: 428: 425: 424: 419: 414: 409: 404: 398: 395: 394: 391: 390: 387: 386: 381: 376: 371: 366: 365: 364: 359: 354: 349: 344: 337: 332: 321: 316: 315: 312: 311: 308: 307: 302: 296: 293: 292: 289: 288: 285: 284: 279: 272: 271: 270: 269: 264: 259: 250: 249: 248: 241: 236: 231: 226: 221: 216: 211: 206: 201: 191: 188: 187: 184: 183: 180: 179: 178: 177: 172: 167: 153: 152: 151: 146: 136: 134:Divine Service 131: 126: 121: 119:Divine Liturgy 115: 112: 111: 108: 107: 103: 102: 97: 91: 90: 87: 86: 83: 82: 74: 73: 71: 70: 63: 55: 48: 47: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11038: 11027: 11024: 11022: 11021:Order of Mass 11019: 11017: 11014: 11012: 11009: 11007: 11004: 11002: 10999: 10997: 10994: 10992: 10989: 10987: 10984: 10982: 10979: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10967: 10964: 10963: 10961: 10946: 10938: 10936: 10931: 10926: 10925: 10922: 10912: 10909: 10907: 10904: 10902: 10899: 10897: 10894: 10892: 10889: 10887: 10884: 10882: 10879: 10878: 10876: 10872: 10866: 10863: 10859: 10856: 10854: 10851: 10849: 10848: 10844: 10843: 10842: 10839: 10837: 10834: 10833: 10831: 10827: 10821: 10818: 10816: 10813: 10811: 10808: 10806: 10803: 10801: 10797: 10794: 10792: 10789: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10753: 10751: 10749: 10745: 10739: 10736: 10732: 10729: 10728: 10727: 10724: 10722: 10721:Popular piety 10719: 10717: 10714: 10712: 10709: 10707: 10704: 10702: 10699: 10697: 10694: 10690: 10687: 10686: 10685: 10682: 10678: 10675: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10660: 10658: 10655: 10654: 10653: 10650: 10646: 10643: 10642: 10641: 10638: 10637: 10635: 10633: 10629: 10626: 10620: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10606: 10602: 10599: 10598: 10597: 10594: 10592: 10589: 10587: 10584: 10583: 10581: 10579: 10575: 10567: 10564: 10563: 10562: 10559: 10557: 10554: 10550: 10547: 10545: 10542: 10540: 10537: 10535: 10532: 10530: 10527: 10525: 10522: 10520: 10517: 10516: 10515: 10512: 10508: 10505: 10503: 10502:People of God 10500: 10498: 10495: 10493: 10490: 10488: 10485: 10484: 10483: 10480: 10478: 10475: 10473: 10470: 10466: 10463: 10462: 10461: 10458: 10456: 10453: 10449: 10446: 10444: 10441: 10439: 10436: 10434: 10431: 10430: 10429: 10426: 10424: 10421: 10419: 10416: 10414: 10411: 10409: 10406: 10404: 10401: 10399: 10396: 10392: 10389: 10387: 10384: 10382: 10379: 10377: 10374: 10373: 10372: 10369: 10368: 10366: 10364: 10360: 10348: 10343: 10341: 10338: 10336: 10333: 10332: 10330: 10328: 10324: 10318: 10315: 10313: 10310: 10308: 10305: 10301: 10298: 10297: 10296: 10293: 10292: 10290: 10288: 10284: 10278: 10275: 10271: 10268: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10258: 10256: 10253: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10243: 10241: 10238: 10236: 10233: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10218: 10216: 10213: 10212: 10211: 10208: 10206: 10203: 10201: 10198: 10196: 10193: 10192: 10190: 10188: 10184: 10181: 10178: 10174: 10169: 10168:Denominations 10165: 10153: 10150: 10149: 10148: 10145: 10143: 10140: 10138: 10137:Enlightenment 10135: 10133: 10130: 10128: 10125: 10123: 10120: 10119: 10117: 10115: 10111: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10087: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10076: 10074: 10072: 10068: 10062: 10059: 10057: 10054: 10050: 10047: 10045: 10042: 10041: 10040: 10037: 10035: 10032: 10030: 10027: 10025: 10022: 10021: 10019: 10017: 10013: 10005: 10002: 10001: 10000: 9997: 9995: 9992: 9988: 9985: 9983: 9980: 9978: 9975: 9973: 9970: 9968: 9965: 9963: 9960: 9958: 9955: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9935: 9934: 9933: 9930: 9929: 9927: 9925: 9919: 9916: 9913: 9907: 9902: 9898: 9892: 9889: 9887: 9884: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9863: 9861: 9857: 9851: 9850:New Testament 9848: 9846: 9845:Old Testament 9843: 9841: 9838: 9837: 9835: 9833: 9829: 9825: 9819: 9816: 9814: 9811: 9809: 9806: 9804: 9801: 9799: 9796: 9794: 9791: 9789: 9786: 9785: 9782: 9778: 9771: 9766: 9764: 9759: 9757: 9752: 9751: 9748: 9742: 9739: 9736: 9733: 9730: 9727: 9726: 9716: 9712: 9710: 9706: 9703: 9700: 9696: 9694: 9690: 9686: 9682: 9680: 9676: 9674: 9670: 9666: 9663:, in series, 9662: 9658: 9656: 9652: 9648: 9647:The Eucharist 9644: 9641: 9639: 9635: 9631: 9627: 9624: 9621: 9617: 9613: 9609: 9605: 9602: 9598: 9596: 9592: 9588: 9584: 9581: 9578: 9574: 9570: 9566: 9563: 9561: 9557: 9553: 9549: 9546: 9542: 9538: 9533: 9528: 9524: 9521: 9517: 9516: 9511: 9508: 9504: 9500: 9496: 9494: 9490: 9486: 9482: 9479: 9475: 9473: 9469: 9465: 9461: 9459: 9455: 9451: 9447: 9445: 9441: 9437: 9433: 9431: 9427: 9423: 9421: 9416: 9414: 9410: 9406: 9402: 9399: 9395: 9393: 9389: 9385: 9381: 9378: 9376: 9373:Grime, J. H. 9372: 9370: 9366: 9362: 9358: 9356: 9352: 9348: 9344: 9342: 9338: 9334: 9330: 9328: 9324: 9320: 9319: 9314: 9311: 9309: 9305: 9301: 9297: 9294: 9290: 9285: 9279: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9267: 9263: 9259: 9256: 9254: 9250: 9246: 9242: 9238: 9234: 9229: 9224: 9220: 9216: 9211: 9206: 9202: 9198: 9197: 9192: 9185: 9181: 9177: 9176: 9171: 9167: 9166: 9145: 9141: 9134: 9118: 9112: 9104: 9100: 9095: 9090: 9086: 9082: 9078: 9071: 9055: 9051: 9047: 9043: 9039: 9036:(5): 538–39. 9035: 9031: 9027: 9020: 9013: 9009: 9005: 9002: 8996: 8980: 8974: 8966: 8962: 8956: 8948: 8944: 8940: 8934: 8927: 8926: 8919: 8912: 8906: 8891:on 4 May 2008 8890: 8886: 8882: 8875: 8869: 8865: 8862: 8857: 8850: 8848: 8844: 8838: 8834: 8830: 8826: 8823:(3): 477–91. 8822: 8818: 8811: 8804: 8802: 8801:wheat allergy 8796: 8792: 8788: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8771:(5): 559–75. 8770: 8766: 8762: 8755: 8748: 8746: 8742: 8741:gluten ataxia 8738: 8734: 8728: 8724: 8720: 8716: 8712: 8708: 8704: 8700: 8693: 8677: 8673: 8667: 8659: 8655: 8649: 8647: 8638: 8634: 8628: 8620: 8616: 8610: 8602: 8598: 8594: 8588: 8586: 8577: 8573: 8567: 8559: 8553: 8549: 8542: 8527: 8523: 8517: 8509: 8505: 8499: 8493: 8487: 8480: 8477: 8473: 8470: 8465: 8457: 8453: 8447: 8431: 8425: 8418: 8414: 8411: 8406: 8390: 8384: 8376: 8372: 8365: 8357: 8353: 8347: 8339: 8335: 8329: 8321: 8317: 8311: 8303: 8299: 8293: 8277: 8273: 8267: 8252: 8248: 8242: 8227: 8223: 8217: 8202: 8198: 8192: 8177: 8171: 8155: 8149: 8142: 8136: 8128: 8127: 8120: 8118: 8110: 8104: 8097: 8092: 8085: 8080: 8070: 8063: 8057: 8050: 8046: 8042: 8036: 8020: 8016: 8012: 8006: 7990: 7986: 7982: 7976: 7974: 7965: 7959: 7955: 7948: 7940: 7934: 7930: 7923: 7907: 7903: 7899: 7893: 7885: 7879: 7875: 7869: 7861: 7855: 7851: 7844: 7836: 7830: 7824:UMC 1992, 29. 7821: 7814: 7809: 7801: 7797: 7791: 7775: 7771: 7767: 7761: 7754: 7749: 7742: 7735: 7733: 7732:Lord's Supper 7729: 7725: 7718: 7711: 7703: 7697: 7693: 7686: 7678: 7672: 7668: 7662: 7655: 7650: 7635: 7631: 7625: 7617: 7613: 7612: 7607: 7600: 7593: 7587: 7580: 7574: 7566: 7562: 7556: 7550: 7544: 7538: 7532: 7526: 7520: 7518: 7501: 7494: 7487: 7482: 7475: 7471: 7468: 7463: 7456: 7452: 7449: 7444: 7437: 7433: 7427: 7420: 7416: 7410: 7403: 7398: 7392: 7388: 7381: 7374: 7369: 7362: 7351: 7347: 7340: 7338: 7329: 7325: 7321: 7313: 7307: 7303: 7302:Mark 14:22–25 7299: 7294: 7285: 7279: 7274: 7267: 7262: 7253: 7245: 7238: 7230: 7224: 7220: 7213: 7197: 7191: 7184: 7179: 7173: 7169: 7162: 7154: 7148: 7144: 7137: 7135: 7127: 7123: 7121:9780271047508 7117: 7113: 7106: 7090: 7084: 7076: 7072: 7068: 7064: 7060: 7056: 7049: 7042: 7038: 7035: 7030: 7022: 7016: 7012: 7011: 7003: 6995: 6989: 6981: 6977: 6973: 6972: 6965: 6957: 6953: 6949: 6948: 6941: 6926: 6925: 6918: 6910: 6906: 6900: 6884: 6880: 6878: 6870: 6864: 6859: 6853: 6852:Luke 22:19–20 6849: 6848:Mark 14:22–24 6845: 6840: 6825: 6821: 6815: 6808: 6803: 6787: 6783: 6782: 6775: 6767: 6763: 6759: 6758: 6751: 6745: 6740: 6733: 6732: 6724: 6723: 6718: 6705: 6689: 6683: 6667: 6663: 6657: 6641: 6637: 6630: 6614: 6607: 6600: 6592: 6588: 6584: 6583: 6576: 6567: 6551: 6545: 6530: 6526: 6519: 6504: 6500: 6494: 6479: 6478: 6471: 6463: 6457: 6449: 6443: 6435: 6431: 6427: 6426: 6419: 6404: 6400: 6394: 6379: 6375: 6369: 6354: 6353: 6346: 6331: 6330: 6323: 6317: 6315: 6308: 6292: 6288: 6282: 6275: 6271: 6265: 6261: 6254: 6246: 6240: 6236: 6232: 6228: 6222: 6206: 6202: 6198: 6191: 6175: 6171: 6167: 6160: 6153: 6148: 6140: 6138:9780393347913 6134: 6130: 6123: 6114: 6112: 6104: 6103:First Apology 6098: 6083: 6082: 6074: 6068: 6063: 6057: 6052: 6044: 6031: 6015: 6011: 6005: 5998: 5992: 5985: 5981: 5980:Bruce Metzger 5976: 5970: 5965: 5957: 5951: 5946: 5945: 5942: 5934: 5928: 5923: 5917: 5912: 5906: 5901: 5895: 5890: 5874: 5870: 5866: 5860: 5853: 5849: 5843: 5836: 5831: 5823: 5819: 5815: 5814: 5807: 5800: 5794: 5787: 5781: 5774: 5768: 5762: 5761:9780664245160 5758: 5754: 5748: 5742: 5741:Luke 22:13–20 5737: 5731: 5726: 5720: 5719:Mark 14:22–25 5715: 5707: 5700: 5694: 5690: 5686: 5680: 5674: 5670: 5666: 5660: 5652: 5646: 5642: 5641: 5633: 5626: 5620: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5601: 5585: 5581: 5574: 5566: 5560: 5556: 5549: 5541: 5535: 5530: 5529: 5519: 5512: 5497: 5493: 5487: 5472: 5471:www.usccb.org 5468: 5462: 5455: 5451: 5446: 5431: 5427: 5420: 5404: 5398: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5381: 5374: 5366: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5333: 5325: 5321: 5316: 5315: 5306: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5279: 5271: 5270: 5262: 5255: 5249: 5242: 5236: 5229: 5223: 5216: 5210: 5204: 5199: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5182: 5173: 5171: 5169: 5152: 5150: 5149:First Apology 5142: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5122: 5113: 5106: 5102: 5096: 5090: 5086: 5082: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5057: 5051: 5047: 5046: 5045:'Didache' 9:1 5038: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5019: 5013: 5008: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4987: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4966: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4938: 4930: 4924: 4920: 4919: 4911: 4909: 4907: 4905: 4889: 4885: 4879: 4863: 4857: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4837: 4829: 4827:9780664256500 4823: 4819: 4815: 4808: 4801: 4796: 4790: 4786: 4779: 4771: 4765: 4761: 4754: 4747: 4742: 4736: 4732: 4725: 4709: 4703: 4688: 4684: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4672: 4663: 4657: 4649: 4647:9780664261290 4643: 4639: 4635: 4634:Wright, N. T. 4629: 4623: 4619: 4618:Luke 22:19–20 4614: 4610: 4594: 4586: 4582: 4576: 4570: 4563: 4557: 4553: 4547: 4539: 4538: 4532: 4526: 4519: 4513: 4504: 4495: 4487: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4447: 4443: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4413: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4391: 4383: 4380: 4377: 4374: 4371: 4368: 4365: 4364:Ubiquitarians 4362: 4359: 4356: 4353: 4352: 4348: 4345: 4341: 4338: 4335: 4332: 4329: 4325: 4322: 4321: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4299: 4291:(Catholicism) 4290: 4287: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4266: 4265: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4218: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4194:Armenian Rite 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4176: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4154: 4142: 4138: 4136: 4130: 4128: 4118: 4113: 4103: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4045: 4044:Coptic Church 4041: 4036: 4034: 4027: 4017: 4015: 4011: 4010:wheat allergy 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3989: 3977:Health issues 3974: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3951: 3947: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3920: 3911: 3903: 3901: 3897: 3886: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3865: 3855: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3841: 3836: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3813:Presbyterians 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3755: 3753: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3719: 3717: 3714:" and in the 3713: 3709: 3698: 3697:Justin Martyr 3694: 3690: 3683: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3646: 3644: 3634: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3614: 3612: 3602: 3600: 3596: 3581: 3578: 3573: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3545: 3535: 3533: 3529: 3523: 3521: 3517: 3516:God's Kingdom 3513: 3509: 3504: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3489: 3479: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3459: 3457: 3451: 3446: 3444: 3440: 3437:, taught the 3436: 3432: 3431:Edward Irving 3428: 3426: 3422: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3381: 3371: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3348: 3333: 3331: 3327: 3322: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3311:Church of God 3308: 3304: 3296: 3291: 3282: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3238: 3236: 3232: 3226: 3212: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3193: 3184: 3182: 3178: 3173: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3154:raising agent 3150: 3145: 3138: 3133: 3129: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3109: 3099: 3097: 3096:Open Brethren 3093: 3088: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3067: 3063: 3061: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3039: 3031: 3026: 3020: 3010: 3006: 3002: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2967: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2948: 2939: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2916: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2905: 2900: 2896: 2893:In 1789, the 2891: 2887: 2884: 2879: 2876: 2868: 2867: 2860: 2855: 2845: 2843: 2839: 2834: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2800: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2770:Protestantism 2767: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2751: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2740:Holy Saturday 2737: 2736:Holy Thursday 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2699: 2698: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2675: 2666: 2657: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2646:Mark 14:22–24 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2624: 2623:Old Testament 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2595: 2589: 2587: 2582: 2578: 2568: 2566: 2561: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2542: 2537: 2535: 2530: 2525: 2520: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2494: 2489: 2484: 2474: 2470: 2467: 2465: 2459: 2449: 2447: 2439: 2434: 2429: 2419: 2417: 2413: 2412: 2407: 2403: 2393: 2391: 2390:real presence 2387: 2383: 2378: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2363: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2352:churchmanship 2350:depending on 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2325: 2319: 2315: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2287: 2277: 2274: 2269: 2259: 2257: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2234: 2229: 2219: 2203: 2202:Justin Martyr 2192: 2180: 2175: 2166: 2162: 2159: 2155: 2145: 2144: 2133: 2130: 2129:communal meal 2126: 2122: 2113: 2109: 2106: 2105: 2086: 2082: 2080: 2079:Bread of Life 2076: 2072: 2071:Lord's Prayer 2067: 2058: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1998: 1988: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1964: 1963: 1958: 1954: 1953:Armenian Rite 1950: 1946: 1943:is common in 1942: 1932: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1913: 1908: 1906: 1903:or among the 1902: 1898: 1895:) is used in 1888: 1884: 1874: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1845:Ite missa est 1838: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1807: 1803: 1793: 1791: 1790:The Sacrament 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1761: 1759: 1754: 1743: 1714: 1712: 1708: 1702: 1699: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1651: 1646: 1639: 1635: 1630: 1626: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1599: 1595: 1592: 1581: 1574:Lord's Supper 1571: 1569: 1567: 1566:the Sacrament 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1550:Presbyterians 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1530: 1529:First Apology 1525: 1524:Justin Martyr 1521: 1517: 1516: 1510: 1497: 1487: 1478: 1467: 1463: 1462:New Testament 1450: 1449: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1431: 1422: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1393:believe in a 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1359: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1324: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1313:New Testament 1310: 1307:, giving his 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1283: 1279: 1278:Lord's Supper 1275: 1271: 1250: 1238: 1234: 1233: 1224: 1194: 1182: 1177: 1175: 1170: 1168: 1163: 1162: 1160: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1145: 1144: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1127: 1126: 1125: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1054: 1048: 1047: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 992: 991: 990: 987: 984: 983: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 943: 941: 938: 936: 933: 931: 928: 926: 923: 921: 918: 916: 913: 911: 908: 906: 903: 902: 901: 900: 896: 894: 893: 889: 887: 886: 882: 880: 879: 875: 873: 870: 868: 865: 861: 858: 856: 853: 852: 851: 850: 846: 845: 844: 843: 840: 837: 836: 828: 825: 823: 822:Denominations 820: 819: 815: 814: 807: 804: 802: 799: 797: 794: 792: 789: 787: 784: 782: 779: 777: 774: 772: 769: 767: 764: 762: 759: 757: 754: 752: 749: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 734: 733: 727: 724: 722: 719: 718: 714: 713: 706: 703: 701: 698: 696: 693: 691: 688: 686: 683: 681: 678: 676: 673: 669: 666: 664: 661: 659: 656: 655: 654: 651: 649: 646: 645: 642: 637: 636: 629: 626: 624: 621: 619: 616: 614: 611: 609: 606: 604: 603:New Testament 601: 599: 598:Old Testament 596: 595: 588: 586: 583: 582: 578: 577: 570: 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 541: 535: 532: 530: 527: 526: 522: 521: 517: 513: 512: 509: 506: 505: 501: 497: 496: 486: 481: 479: 474: 472: 467: 466: 464: 463: 456: 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 437: 431: 430: 423: 420: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 399: 393: 392: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 370: 367: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 345: 343: 342: 338: 336: 333: 331: 328: 327: 326: 325:Real presence 323: 322: 319: 314: 313: 306: 303: 301: 298: 297: 291: 290: 283: 280: 278: 275: 274: 268: 265: 263: 260: 258: 255: 254: 252: 251: 247: 246: 242: 240: 237: 235: 232: 230: 227: 225: 222: 220: 217: 215: 212: 210: 207: 205: 202: 200: 196: 193: 192: 186: 185: 176: 173: 171: 168: 166: 163: 162: 161: 157: 154: 150: 147: 145: 142: 141: 140: 137: 135: 132: 130: 127: 125: 122: 120: 117: 116: 110: 109: 101: 98: 96: 93: 92: 85: 84: 80: 76: 75: 68: 64: 61: 60:Lord's Supper 57: 56: 53: 50: 49: 45: 41: 40: 37: 33: 26: 22: 10845: 10640:Architecture 10534:Confirmation 10523: 10482:Ecclesiology 10413:Original sin 10403:Nicene Creed 10200:Old Catholic 10084:Papal States 10016:Great Church 9982:Resurrection 9924:Christianity 9881:New Covenant 9832:(Scriptures) 9777:Christianity 9714: 9708: 9705:Wright, N. T 9698: 9684: 9678: 9664: 9660: 9646: 9629: 9619: 9615: 9607: 9600: 9586: 9568: 9551: 9544: 9536: 9519: 9513: 9498: 9497:Macy, Gary. 9484: 9477: 9463: 9449: 9435: 9418: 9404: 9397: 9383: 9374: 9360: 9346: 9332: 9316: 9299: 9296:Dix, Gregory 9288: 9261: 9244: 9240: 9232: 9214: 9195: 9174: 9147:. Retrieved 9143: 9133: 9121:. Retrieved 9111: 9084: 9080: 9070: 9058:. Retrieved 9054:the original 9033: 9029: 9019: 9011: 8995: 8983:. Retrieved 8973: 8965:the original 8955: 8947:the original 8942: 8933: 8924: 8918: 8905: 8893:. Retrieved 8889:the original 8884: 8874: 8856: 8840: 8820: 8816: 8810: 8798: 8768: 8764: 8754: 8730: 8705:(1): 57–62. 8702: 8698: 8692: 8680:. Retrieved 8676:the original 8666: 8658:the original 8637:the original 8627: 8619:the original 8609: 8601:the original 8596: 8576:the original 8566: 8547: 8541: 8531:14 September 8529:. Retrieved 8525: 8516: 8508:the original 8498: 8486: 8479:www.lcms.org 8478: 8464: 8455: 8446: 8434:. Retrieved 8424: 8405: 8393:. 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