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education, personal health status, position in social networks, and other dimensions. Collective agency refers to situations in which individuals pool their knowledge, skills, and resources, and act in concert to shape their future. Everyday agency refers to consumer and daily choices, and finally strategic agency refers to the capacity to affect the wider system change. Political economy approaches can be used to conceptualize the agency enabling or limiting rule system, which constitutes the “grammar” for social action and that is used by the actors to structure and regulate their transactions with one another in defined situations or spheres of activity.
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and (hence viable thus having a durable existence), proactive, self-organizing, self-regulating and so forth, participates in creating its own behaviour, and contributes to its life circumstances through cognitive and cultural functionality. Autonomous agency may also be concerned with the relationship between two or more agencies in a mutual relationship with each other and their environments, with imperatives for an agency's behaviour within an interactive context due to immanent emergent attributes.
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620:, and are not just reactive organisms shaped and shepherded by external events. People have the power to influence their own actions to produce certain results. The capacity to exercise control over one’s thought processes, motivation, affect, and action operates through mechanisms of personal agency. Such agencies are emergent and interactive, apply perspectives of social cognition, and make causal contributions to its own motivations and actions using ‘
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Human agency refers to the ability to shape one’s life and a few dimensions can be differentiated. Individual agency is reflected in individual choices and the ability to influence one’s life conditions and chances. The individual agency differs strongly within the society across age, gender, income,
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Economics stresses the purposive action of economic agents, who act to advance their subjective well-being given fundamental constraints. Thus, economic models typically begin with "an agent" maximizing some objective. In contract theory, economics also addresses the problem of agents who represent
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is able to embrace the concepts of both the economic agency and the emergent interactive agency. An autonomous system is self-directed, operating in, and being influenced by, interactive environments. It usually has its own immanent dynamics that impact on the way it interacts. It is also adaptable
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with different meaning. It can refer to the ability of recognizing agents or attributing agency to objects based on simple perceptual cues or principles, for instance the principle of rationality, which holds that context-sensitive, goal-directed efficient actions are the crucial characteristics of
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Agency may either be classified as unconscious, involuntary behavior, or purposeful, goal directed activity (intentional action). An agent typically has some sort of immediate awareness of their physical activity and the goals that the activity is aimed at realizing. In 'goal directed action' an
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conception, "agency" refers to the capacity of individuals to act independently and to make their own free choices, based on their will, whereas "structure" refers to those factors (such as social class, but also religion, gender, ethnicity, subculture, etc.) that seem to limit or influence the
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that our choices are not the product of causal chains, but are significantly free or undetermined. Human agency entails the claim that humans do in fact make decisions and enact them on the world.
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component into a given situation wherein an agent has acted, and thus to involve moral agency. If a situation is the consequence of human decision making, persons may be under a duty to apply
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expressions of this idea of humans treated as social beings, organized to act in concert. There is ongoing debate, philosophically derived in part from the works of
1026:(MIT Press). Examines agency from the perspective of complexity theory. Reconceptualizes intentional causality in terms of whole-part context-sensitive constraints.
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Guo, K.J., Yolles, M., Fink, G., Iles, P., 2016, The
Changing Organisation: Agency Theory in a Cross-cultural Context, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
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to understand how an observer is able to differentiate agentive entities from inanimate objects, but it can be also related to the term of autonomous
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to that human, though considerations of the outcomes flowing from particular acts of human agency for us and others can then be thought to invest a
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defines
Bandura's view of agencies, where human agency can be exercised through direct personal agency. Bandura formulates his view of agency as a
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judgments to the consequences of their decisions, and held to be responsible for those decisions. Human agency entitles the observer to ask
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Bandura, A. (1986). Social
Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ Bormann, 1996
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Gergely, György; Nádasdy, Zoltán; Csibra, Gergely; Bíró, Szilvia (1995). "Taking the intentional stance at 12 months of age".
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in a way that would be nonsensical in circumstances lacking human decisions-makers, for example, the impact of comet
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is the capacity of an actor to act in a given environment. It is independent of the moral dimension, which is called
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Gergely, György; Csibra, Gergely (2003). "Teleological reasoning in infancy: the naı̈ve theory of rational action".
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with regard to persons' actions is debated within sociology. This debate concerns, at least partly, the level of
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Other notions of agency have arisen in the field of economics/management, psychology and social cybernetics:
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Structure and agency forms an enduring core debate in sociology. Essentially the same as in the
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humans come to make decisions, by free choice or other processes, is another issue.
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agent implements a kind of direct control or guidance over their own behavior.
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This article is about the philosophical concept. For the legal concept, see
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processes. In this respect, agency is subtly distinct from the concept of
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The philosophical discipline in charge of studying agency is
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Dynamics in Action: Intentional
Behavior as a Complex System
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another party (the principal) potentially unfaithfully.
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71:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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983:"Social Cognitive Theory: An Agentic Perspective"
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2049:
2043:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1995:
1993:
1986:
1980:
1979:
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1973:
1972:
1967:
1965:Zoroastrianism
1962:
1957:
1951:
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1932:
1927:
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1808:Church Fathers
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1795:
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1773:
1768:
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1323:Libertarianism
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1296:
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1169:
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1127:Metaphilosophy
1124:
1119:
1113:
1111:
1101:
1100:
1090:
1089:
1082:
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1074:
1067:
1059:
1053:
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1043:
1028:
1027:
1020:
976:
973:
970:
969:
928:
919:
910:
853:
818:(7): 287–292.
802:
767:(2): 165–193.
751:
731:
730:
728:
725:
724:
723:
718:
713:
708:
706:Intentionality
703:
698:
693:
688:
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673:
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650:
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641:
638:
629:
626:
562:
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542:
489:
486:
478:Shoemaker–Levy
436:natural forces
425:
422:
386:
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251:Intentionality
245:
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176:Social science
173:
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53:
51:
44:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3203:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3141:
3140:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3117:
3116:
3113:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3067:Miscellaneous
3065:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
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3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
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3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2992:
2989:
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2982:
2979:
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2959:
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2936:
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2908:
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2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
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2874:
2868:
2865:
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2847:
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2832:
2828:
2820:
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2815:
2811:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2763:Miscellaneous
2761:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2749:Structuralism
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2734:Postmodernism
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2724:Phenomenology
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2661:Vienna Circle
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2591:Moral realism
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2393:Phenomenology
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2333:Individualism
2331:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2199:
2198:Judeo-Islamic
2196:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2174:ʿIlm al-Kalām
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2123:Shuddhadvaita
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2057:Scholasticism
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
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1839:
1837:
1834:
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1829:
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1827:
1824:
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1821:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
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1789:
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1784:
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1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
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1757:
1754:
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1749:
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1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
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1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
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1687:
1684:
1680:
1674:
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1649:
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1641:
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1636:
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1631:
1627:
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1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
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1587:
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1585:
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1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1557:
1553:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1508:Conceptualism
1506:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1437:Particularism
1435:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1404:Functionalism
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1389:Eliminativism
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1294:Compatibilism
1292:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1233:Particularism
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1198:
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1188:
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1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
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1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1080:
1075:
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1068:
1066:
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1057:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
979:
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964:
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947:
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932:
923:
914:
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895:
891:
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864:
857:
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841:
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833:
829:
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813:
806:
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790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
755:
747:
743:
736:
732:
722:
719:
717:
716:Social action
714:
712:
709:
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702:
699:
697:
694:
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689:
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682:
679:
677:
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672:
669:
668:
664:
653:
646:
637:
634:
625:
623:
619:
615:
612:, proactive,
611:
607:
603:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
580:developmental
577:
572:
568:
561:In psychology
558:
549:
541:
538:
533:
531:
530:indeterminacy
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
494:action theory
488:In philosophy
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
458:
456:
452:
449:
448:philosophical
445:
441:
440:deterministic
437:
431:
421:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
398:
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381:
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369:
367:
362:
361:
359:
358:
355:
352:
351:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
330:Self-efficacy
328:
326:
323:
322:
321:
320:
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308:
305:
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300:
298:
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224:
221:
219:
216:
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209:
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195:
193:
192:Action theory
190:
189:
188:
187:
183:
182:
177:
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162:
161:
157:
156:
153:
150:
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135:
132:
124:
113:
110:
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103:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82: –
81:
77:
76:Find sources:
70:
66:
60:
59:
54:This article
52:
48:
43:
42:
37:
33:
32:Law of agency
19:
3132:
3118:
2789:
2780:Postcritique
2770:Kyoto School
2729:Posthumanism
2709:Hermeneutics
2564: /
2505:Contemporary
2481:Newtonianism
2444:Cartesianism
2403:Reductionism
2239:Conservatism
2234:Collectivism
2172:
1900:Sarvāstivadā
1878:Anekantavada
1803:Neoplatonism
1771:Epicureanism
1704:Pythagoreans
1643:Confucianism
1609:Contemporary
1599:Early modern
1503:Anti-realism
1457:Universalism
1414:Subjectivism
1210:Epistemology
1036:
1023:
990:
986:
945:
941:
931:
922:
913:
903:27 September
901:. Retrieved
873:
869:
856:
815:
811:
805:
764:
760:
754:
745:
735:
643:
632:
631:
601:
600:
565:The term of
564:
555:
552:In economics
547:
534:
491:
473:
459:
454:
433:
424:Human agency
418:
399:
395:moral agency
390:
389:
340:Self-control
335:Self-concept
228:Goal pursuit
223:Goal setting
165:
151:
127:
118:
108:
101:
94:
87:
75:
63:Please help
58:verification
55:
2775:Objectivism
2714:Neo-Marxism
2676:Continental
2586:Meta-ethics
2566:Coherentism
2471:Hegelianism
2408:Rationalism
2368:Natural law
2348:Materialism
2274:Historicism
2244:Determinism
2135:Navya-Nyāya
1910:Sautrāntika
1905:Pudgalavada
1841:Vaisheshika
1694:Presocratic
1594:Renaissance
1533:Physicalism
1518:Materialism
1424:Normativity
1409:Objectivism
1394:Emergentism
1384:Behaviorism
1333:Metaphysics
1299:Determinism
1238:Rationalism
993:(1): 1–26.
592:cybernetics
526:determinism
518:materialist
508:and Marx's
414:reflexivity
325:Self-agency
3171:Personhood
3155:Categories
3074:Amerindian
2981:Australian
2920:Vietnamese
2900:Indonesian
2449:Kantianism
2398:Positivism
2388:Pragmatism
2363:Naturalism
2343:Liberalism
2321:Subjective
2259:Empiricism
2163:Avicennism
2108:Bhedabheda
1992:East Asian
1915:Madhyamaka
1895:Abhidharma
1761:Pyrrhonism
1528:Nominalism
1523:Naturalism
1452:Skepticism
1442:Relativism
1432:Absolutism
1361:Naturalism
1271:Deontology
1243:Skepticism
1228:Naturalism
1218:Empiricism
1182:Aesthetics
1086:Philosophy
1050:PhilPapers
948:: 106463.
727:References
571:psychology
524:, between
428:See also:
171:Psychology
166:Philosophy
91:newspapers
3166:Free will
2953:Pakistani
2915:Taiwanese
2862:Ethiopian
2835:By region
2821:By region
2636:Scientism
2631:Systemics
2491:Spinozism
2418:Socialism
2353:Modernism
2316:Objective
2224:Anarchism
2158:Averroism
2047:Christian
1999:Neotaoism
1970:Zurvanism
1960:Mithraism
1955:Mazdakism
1726:Cyrenaics
1653:Logicians
1286:Free will
1248:Solipsism
1195:Formalism
876:: 21–41.
832:1364-6613
781:0010-0277
761:Cognition
721:True Will
444:free will
402:sociology
354:Free will
287:Intention
210:Processes
121:July 2013
3139:Category
3094:Yugoslav
3084:Romanian
2991:Scottish
2976:American
2905:Japanese
2885:Buddhist
2867:Africana
2857:Egyptian
2699:Feminist
2621:Rawlsian
2616:Quietism
2514:Analytic
2466:Krausism
2373:Nihilism
2338:Kokugaku
2301:Absolute
2296:Idealism
2284:Humanism
2072:Occamism
2039:European
1984:Medieval
1930:Yogacara
1890:Buddhist
1883:Syādvāda
1766:Stoicism
1731:Cynicism
1719:Sophists
1714:Atomists
1709:Eleatics
1648:Legalism
1589:Medieval
1513:Idealism
1467:Ontology
1447:Nihilism
1351:Idealism
1109:Branches
1098:Branches
1015:11573665
1007:11148297
898:11573665
890:11148297
840:12860186
742:"Action"
649:See also
590:used in
514:idealist
462:personal
451:doctrine
307:Volition
291:category
281:category
264:Concepts
233:Planning
184:Theories
3089:Russian
3058:Spanish
3053:Slovene
3043:Maltese
3038:Italian
3018:Finland
2986:British
2968:Western
2958:Turkish
2943:Islamic
2938:Iranian
2890:Chinese
2877:Eastern
2844:African
2791:more...
2476:Marxism
2306:British
2249:Dualism
2145:Islamic
2103:Advaita
2093:Vedanta
2067:Scotism
2062:Thomism
2004:Tiantai
1947:Persian
1935:Tibetan
1925:Śūnyatā
1866:Cārvāka
1856:Ājīvika
1851:Mīmāṃsā
1831:Samkhya
1746:Academy
1699:Ionians
1673:Yangism
1630:Chinese
1621:Ancient
1584:Western
1579:Ancient
1538:Realism
1495:Reality
1485:Process
1366:Realism
1346:Dualism
1341:Atomism
1223:Fideism
950:Bibcode
848:5897671
797:4973766
789:7554793
537:Marxist
482:Jupiter
105:scholar
18:Agentic
3048:Polish
3028:German
3023:French
3008:Danish
2998:Canada
2948:Jewish
2910:Korean
2895:Indian
2437:People
2358:Monism
2311:German
2279:Holism
2212:Modern
2190:Jewish
2113:Dvaita
2086:Indian
2009:Huayan
1861:Ajñana
1818:Indian
1683:Greco-
1668:Taoism
1658:Mohism
1604:Modern
1571:By era
1560:By era
1475:Action
1356:Monism
1276:Virtue
1258:Ethics
1013:
1005:
896:
888:
846:
838:
830:
795:
787:
779:
576:agents
567:agency
446:, the
391:Agency
272:Action
152:Agency
107:
100:
93:
86:
78:
3079:Aztec
3033:Greek
3013:Dutch
3003:Czech
2852:Bantu
2289:Anti-
1836:Nyaya
1826:Hindu
1686:Roman
1480:Event
1122:Logic
1011:S2CID
894:S2CID
866:(PDF)
844:S2CID
793:S2CID
506:Geist
498:Hegel
470:value
466:moral
112:JSTOR
98:books
2180:Sufi
2014:Chan
1873:Jain
1846:Yoga
1376:Mind
1316:Hard
1304:Hard
1003:PMID
905:2016
886:PMID
836:PMID
828:ISSN
785:PMID
777:ISSN
582:and
528:and
522:Hume
516:and
512:are
502:Marx
500:and
316:Self
277:Goal
84:news
2454:Neo
2019:Zen
1048:at
995:doi
958:doi
946:167
878:doi
820:doi
769:doi
624:’.
480:on
455:How
400:In
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