1226:
1317:
1344:
1290:
742:
1164:
1122:
42:
3116:
1407:
1393:
1252:
828:
1420:
812:
1358:
1263:
1382:
1371:
693:
597:. The war had intensified colonial repression of the Algerians, prompting a backlash that led to the deaths of more than 100 Europeans and around 1,500 Algerians, according to official reports. Anti-colonial insurgents, however, put the number of Algerian deaths at around 10,000. The fallout from the Sétif uprising shocked Ben Bella and his Algerian companions, as they realized that France would not recognize their claim to equal treatment despite their wartime service.
1331:
2847:
5293:
3332:
1304:
1185:
1277:
1213:
1143:
1239:
2833:
712:(ALN) in Algeria with weapons, ammunition and other supplies. The ALN logistical system was focused in Egypt and Libya in the early years of the war. Once the French occupation of Tunisia and Morocco ended in 1956, Ben Bella and his associates established a system of camps in both countries for training men and sending them into Algeria.
1015:
their meeting was arranged by Ben Bella's mother. They became religiously observant
Muslims, and adopted two girls, Mehdia and Nouria. After Boumedienne's death in 1978, restrictions on him were eased in July 1979, and he was freed on 30 October 1980. Ben Bella briefly resided in France but was then expelled in 1983. He moved to
618:
The attempt against his life failed, but the farm was confiscated and he went into hiding. After the nationalist parties had achieved great success in local elections in 1947, by this was followed by the fixing of the
Algerian Assembly elections in 1948 by French officials, agreed to and justified by
1014:
After being deposed in 1965, Ben Bella was detained for eight months in prison. He was then transferred to an isolated villa in
Birouta, where he was placed under house arrest for 14 years. He was, however, permitted a private life there, and in 1971 he married Zohra Sellami, an Algerian journalist;
859:
spontaneously undertaken by
Algerian workers. In March 1963, he drew up (with his circle of advisers) a set of decrees to nationalize all previously European-owned land. In his words, the "Tripoli program remained a dead letter, and independence and revolution made no sense, as long as Algerian soil
888:
way of governing and a lifestyle lacking in extravagance (he did not live in the governor's palace, and maintained an open-door policy with
Algerian citizens), Ben Bella's actions in government did not always match his intentions. After stabilizing the country, he embarked on a series of initially
843:
After
Algeria's independence, Ben Bella quickly became a popular leader. In June 1962, he challenged the leadership of the premier, Benyoucef Benkhedda. This led to several disputes among his rivals in the FLN, which were quickly suppressed by Ben Bella's rapidly growing number of supporters, most
700:
Ben Bella played an important role during the war, leading the FLN, organizing the shipment of foreign weapons and coordinating political strategy. Although he was not present in
Algeria, assassination attempts against him by French authorities persisted. After national independence, he was named
786:" and developed close ties to Egypt even before national independence was achieved. Nasser's material, moral and political support of the Algerian movement became a source of geopolitical trouble for Egypt, as it played a major role in France's decision to wage war against him during the 1956
1043:
after
Algeria gained its independence, he became a vocal advocate for democracy in Algeria. He described the militant tendency arising in the Islamic world as having developed from an incorrect and faulty interpretation of Islam. Despite controversies, he was respected for his role in the
883:
During his presidency, Ben Bella was confronted with the challenge of building a postcolonial state infrastructure from the ground up; the country had no independent state traditions and its senior civil servants had always been staffed by the French. Despite a predisposition toward an
852:. By September 1962, Bella was in control of Algeria in all but name. He was elected premier in a one-sided election on 20 September, which was recognized by the United States on 29 September. Algeria was admitted as the 109th member of the United Nations on 8 October 1962.
871:
resigned their political offices in 1963, dismayed by the dictatorial tendencies on display in Ben Bella's proposed constitution, which enshrined a one-party state and rejected political pluralism. Nevertheless, this action presented no problem to the
Algerian people:
644:
On 4 April 1949, Ben Bella led a robbery of the central post office in Oran to gain funds for the organization, obtaining 3 million francs which he used to buy weapons. He was eventually caught in 1950 and sentenced to eight years' imprisonment in
797:
to make his foreign travels possible in the face of an international manhunt co-ordinated by the French and their allies. Ben Bella also traveled on a
Pakistani diplomatic passport during the years of his exile from Algeria in the 1980s.
1023:(MDA), a moderate Islamic opposition party, in 1984. In September 1990, he returned to Algeria, and, in 1991, led the MDA in the first round of the country's abortive parliamentary elections. The MDA was banned in 1997.
2664:
980:) (FFS) to confront Ben Bella, and the others joined after being alienated by Ben Bella's dictatorial leadership. In 1963, the FFS called for an armed revolt against the regime. However, it had force only in the
614:
in 1945, Ben Bella returned to Algeria, becoming politically active in the opposition movement against the French regime. French authorities sent assailants with the intention of assassinating him on his farm.
653:, which greatly influenced him in the future. He escaped soon afterwards in 1952 by cutting through his prison window bars with a knife that had been smuggled into jail in a loaf of bread, making his way to
684:(FLN), founded in November that year during a secret meeting of Algerian leaders in Switzerland. The FLN soon began armed insurrection against the French colonists, which became a guerilla war in Algeria.
2764:
919:
On many occasions, however, he improvised government policy as he went, as with his National Solidarity Fund, for which he asked the Algerian people to "voluntarily" hand over jewellery and banknotes.
2323:
Kang, Mani Singh, "The Legacy of the Revolutionary Algerian Statesman Ahmed Ben Bella (1916 – 2012)", on The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, American Educational Trust, Washington, 2012,42.
1483:
1517:
738:
gunman with links to French intelligence called Jean David entered his room and fired, wounding but not killing him. The shooter was later killed by guards while fleeing, at the Libyan border.
775:
At the FLN conference in Tripoli in May–June 1962, Ben Bella repealed the Soummam conference and gave priority to the implementation of a national Arab-Islamic culture and identity of Algeria.
2479:
730:
In 1956, he refused to receive a package delivered by taxi to his hotel in Cairo. A bomb exploded inside the taxi as it drove away, killing the driver. That same year, while in his hotel in
2694:
2604:
719:
on 20 August 1956, and thus rejected it for its "secularism", the decision to integrate the European minority in independent Algeria, and the misrepresentation of delegates. According to
2206:
3444:
1085:
Ben Bella died on 11 April 2012 at his family home in Algiers. Though the reasons of his death were unknown, he had been treated for respiratory illnesses twice at Ain Naadja. His body
633:(OS), a paramilitary organization whose strategic aim was to take up arms against the French colonial regime as quickly as possible. This group became the immediate predecessor of the
1692:
2738:
1666:
5452:
1561:
4342:
1058:, which is mandated to advise the AU Commission on issues relevant to conflict prevention, management and resolution. The other members of the panel at the time were President
4337:
2492:'He left hospital today and is at home and in good health, considering he is 95,' Mehdia Ben Bella told AFP, dismissing the reports about her father's demise as 'scandalous'.
1467:
3479:
2660:
1636:
553:
Ben Bella enlisted again in 1940, believing that the French Army offered the best opportunity for non-discriminatory treatment of Algerians. Fighting for France during the
5417:
2131:
1730:
3866:
3816:
1082:
In February 2012, Ben Bella was admitted to a hospital for medical checks. At the same time, a report circulated that he had died, but this was denied by his family.
3977:
3821:
3484:
1912:
546:
on 29 April 1940 in Cannes, during which he scored a goal. Club officials offered him a professional spot on the team, but he rejected the offer. He also played for
5492:
5427:
3713:
1487:
4152:
3801:
3544:
3952:
3728:
5397:
4157:
3786:
991:
claimed that the "state Islam" that Ben Bella wanted to achieve was not an application of true Muslim values, but rather an attempt to please the population.
4282:
4002:
3967:
3678:
2760:
3748:
3630:
2794:
957:
and Cuba. After his 1962 visit, Cuba sent a health mission to Algeria, with doctors and medical help, and later sent weapons and soldiers as aid during the
506:, where he first became aware of racial discrimination. Disturbed by the animus against Muslims expressed by his European teacher, he began chafing against
4167:
3693:
3164:
922:
In international relations, he had to maintain connections with the former colonial master France, and also accepted economic aid from both the US and the
412:. Despite not being present in Algeria, French authorities tried to assassinate him multiple times. Once Algeria gained independence in 1962, Ben Bella's
4162:
4032:
3947:
3758:
3738:
3718:
3703:
3640:
3615:
3499:
5457:
1509:
5052:
3846:
3806:
3688:
3683:
3658:
3509:
3504:
3459:
4307:
3763:
926:, as each sought to move his regime into its orbit and into opposition to the other. At the same time, Ben Bella wished Algeria to become a leader of
772:'s policies; as a prisoner during the height of the FLN terror campaign, he remained relatively untarnished by his association with the organization.
4267:
4227:
3942:
3932:
3796:
3743:
3733:
3635:
3534:
3494:
3449:
2469:
1032:
4327:
4172:
3876:
3871:
3811:
3776:
3698:
3595:
3539:
3474:
2538:
5487:
4257:
3881:
3791:
3771:
3708:
3620:
3524:
3464:
3454:
3016:
432:
as acting president. Ben Bella succeeded Ferhat Abbas on 15 September 1963 after rapidly sidelining him, and was elected president after winning
421:
2686:
2593:
2560:
578:, during which he dragged a wounded commissioned officer to safety, assuming control of his battalion. For this, he was promoted to the rank of
5392:
4247:
4202:
3891:
3723:
3673:
3663:
3625:
3434:
2202:
1608:
5082:
4529:
3831:
3753:
3585:
3489:
530:
in 1936. The Army was one of the few avenues of advancement for Algerians under colonial rule and voluntary enlistment was common. Posted to
2182:
1688:
1674:
5367:
3927:
3836:
3826:
3529:
2730:
2447:
1545:
491:. His father was a farmer and small-time trader. He had four brothers and two sisters. His oldest brother died from wounds received in the
2104:
5387:
3469:
3373:
2245:
2034:
1951:
1872:
677:
2073:
1995:
1782:
930:
liberation movements and of the Third World itself. To strengthen relations with other colonies and former colonies, Algeria joined the
641:(regional military sections of the FLN) and supplying weapons to insurgents and getting financial support from friendly Arab countries.
5482:
5462:
5362:
5342:
5037:
4465:
2886:
2163:
696:
A meeting planning for the transfer of weapons from east base to the Algerians Freedom Fighters. Ben Bella is the second from the left.
968:
During his tenure, Ben Bella encountered political struggles with former leaders of the FLN, including Mohammed Khider, Ferhat Abbas,
5442:
5372:
5032:
3841:
3650:
4127:
5467:
5402:
5162:
5092:
5057:
3157:
1463:
1412:
896:
His policy of autogestion, or self-management, was adopted after Algerian peasants seized former French lands and was inspired by
5432:
5022:
1633:
5352:
3115:
574:(infantry) with whom he saw service throughout the Italian campaign. In Italy, he was decorated for bravery demonstrated at the
4534:
4057:
3177:
2891:
1714:
1347:
1175:
559:
2138:
5337:
2512:
2239:
2067:
2028:
1989:
1945:
1866:
1818:
1776:
1655:
495:, during which he fought for France. Another brother died from illness and a third disappeared in France in 1940, during the
4660:
2638:
2379:
1824:
4700:
3554:
5447:
5332:
5072:
5017:
4017:
3150:
3009:
877:
634:
433:
405:
4067:
5012:
2870:
2715:
757:
709:
623:, Ben Bella became convinced that achieving democratic independence through peaceful means was illusory. Together with
5412:
5377:
5154:
5077:
4357:
3029:
2418:
Gregory, Joseph R. (11 April 2012). "Ahmed Ben Bella, Revolutionary Who Led Algeria After Independence, Dies at 93".
2356:
2312:
1229:
1020:
593:
On 8 May 1945, while France was celebrating Germany's surrender, widespread protests erupted in the Algerian town of
4052:
4942:
4934:
4598:
2266:
Jeffrey James Byrne, "Our Own Special Brand of Socialism: Algeria and the Contest of Modernities in the 1960s", in
2121:
4147:
4082:
3590:
3366:
2786:
114:
4680:
4102:
995:
472:
5317:
5102:
4864:
4458:
3002:
2661:"Le Polisario aux funérailles de Ben Bella, Alger frôle l'incident diplomatique avec le Maroc - April 16, 2012"
1450:
654:
629:
4047:
1006:. He was held for eight months in an underground prison, then for the next 14 years lived under house arrest.
502:
Ben Bella began his studies in Maghnia, where he went to the French school, and continued them in the city of
1255:
1225:
889:
popular but chaotically handled land reforms for the benefit of landless farmers, and increasingly turned to
863:
He used his position to push for the approval of the constitution drawn up by the FLN, and alienated allies.
456:
4670:
4650:
4630:
904:. He also worked on the development of his country, instituting reforms, undertaking campaigns for national
708:
Ben Bella and his associates were responsible for developing a system of bases and routes for providing the
5437:
5407:
5382:
5047:
5007:
4997:
4546:
4137:
4132:
4112:
4092:
3199:
2986:
1133:
987:
In addition to political resistance, Ben Bella faced religious opposition. The Association of the Algerian
568:
514:
and criticized the domination of French cultural influence over Algeria. During this period, he joined the
169:
4563:
3856:
1583:
611:
5472:
5172:
5002:
4992:
2341:
Kang, Mani Singh, "The Legacy of the Revolutionary Algerian Statesman Ahmed Ben Bella (1916 – 2012)", on
1316:
856:
5477:
5347:
5143:
5136:
5067:
4746:
4508:
3359:
2534:
2361:
1423:
5357:
5296:
5097:
4987:
4884:
4573:
4551:
4451:
4272:
3173:
2971:
2568:
1343:
1294:
390:
123:
76:
4097:
1612:
567:
invasion in 1940. He was demobilised after the fall of France, but joined a Free French regiment of
463:. He encountered political conflict during his presidency, and was faced with border clashes in the
4605:
4262:
2474:
1374:
962:
4072:
3388:
2395:
Evans, Martin; Phillips, John, The anger of the dispossessed, Yale University Press, 2008, pg. 76.
2332:
Evans, Martin; Phillips, John, The anger of the dispossessed, Yale University Press, 2008, pg. 75.
1289:
5258:
5177:
4962:
4332:
4287:
4212:
3957:
3922:
2179:
873:
845:
741:
575:
2439:
848:. Boumédiènne marched his supporter troops to Algiers and Ben Bella seized power on 4 August in
4685:
4387:
4302:
4177:
3056:
2940:
2096:
1464:
Villa avec piscine au Club des Pins II pour Ahmed Ben Bella|DNA - Dernières nouvelles d'Algérie
1003:
977:
934:
under Ben Bella's regime, and he forged links with such African leaders as Gamal Abdel Nasser,
620:
535:
476:
468:
460:
340:
109:
2229:
2018:
1935:
1908:
1856:
1446:
5243:
4977:
4972:
4849:
4829:
4640:
4610:
4402:
4087:
4077:
3982:
3316:
3073:
2288:
2057:
1979:
1766:
4372:
3041:
1266:
583:
5327:
5322:
5278:
5248:
5208:
5203:
5107:
4982:
4819:
4432:
4422:
4122:
3987:
3972:
3575:
3404:
3290:
3105:
3094:
3025:
2930:
2598:
1044:
anti-colonial struggle and was seen by many Arab intellectuals as one of the last original
984:
region, and by the summer of 1964 the revolt was controlled and FFS leaders were arrested.
931:
849:
515:
471:
against his regime in 1963–1964. He was ousted from power and put under house arrest after
425:
394:
57:
4117:
4042:
3331:
1419:
676:
in 1954, Ben Bella was based in Cairo, where he had become one of the nine members of the
379:
8:
5422:
5268:
4625:
4558:
4427:
4142:
3264:
3099:
2957:
1154:
702:
417:
147:
1845:
Sultan Galiev: Le père de la révolution tiers-mondiste, Benningsen Alexandre, pg.277-278
973:
41:
5273:
5253:
5213:
5129:
5112:
5087:
4894:
4705:
4695:
4675:
4645:
4620:
4237:
3937:
3861:
3394:
3204:
2564:
2420:
832:
794:
716:
666:
4889:
4417:
3089:
2628:"North Africa: Regional Leaders Gather to Attend Funeral of Algeria's First President"
727:. Ben Bella was also accused of not providing enough money and weapons for the cause.
408:, organizing the shipment of foreign weapons and coordinating political strategy from
385:; 25 December 1916 – 11 April 2012) was an Algerian politician, soldier and socialist
5233:
4924:
4859:
4774:
4754:
4347:
4312:
4252:
3907:
3610:
3429:
3409:
3300:
3285:
3274:
3224:
3219:
3214:
2376:
2308:
2235:
2157:
2063:
2024:
1985:
1941:
1862:
1814:
1772:
1722:
1553:
1396:
1094:
1055:
998:
in June 1965 while he was planning to host an Afro-Asian international meeting, in a
587:
4242:
3142:
93:
5167:
4874:
4839:
4809:
4804:
4779:
4588:
4474:
4397:
4297:
4062:
4037:
3668:
3645:
3311:
3068:
2876:
2838:
2504:
2190:
1392:
1320:
1251:
1090:
1071:
1045:
969:
658:
605:
554:
496:
1652:
764:
in 1962, and released on 5 July. His arrest earlier had led to the resignation of
723:, Ben Bella's rejection of the charter was due to the fact that it was drafted by
5218:
5187:
5182:
5027:
4967:
4914:
4844:
4799:
4789:
4690:
4568:
4407:
4317:
4292:
4217:
3886:
3560:
3514:
3305:
3249:
3079:
2852:
2627:
2383:
2186:
2125:
1808:
1659:
1640:
1471:
1196:
1059:
1040:
1035:
at its Cairo Conference. He described himself numerous times in interviews as an
909:
901:
864:
836:
579:
543:
492:
371:
4207:
4187:
827:
5223:
5062:
4957:
4952:
4919:
4909:
4899:
4869:
4794:
4784:
4665:
4593:
4488:
4322:
4277:
4232:
4182:
4022:
3519:
3424:
3351:
3321:
2994:
2819:
The Battle of the Casbah: Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism in Algeria, 1955–1957
1907:
Ottaway, Professor Marina; Ottaway, David; Ottaway, Marina (15 December 1970).
1855:
Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku; Jr, Professor Henry Louis Gates (2 February 2012).
1445:
Ottaway, Professor Marina; Ottaway, David; Ottaway, Marina (15 December 1970).
1385:
1063:
999:
885:
811:
731:
451:. He nationalized several industries and established good relations with other
440:
205:
4222:
2860:
5311:
5228:
4854:
4834:
4769:
4721:
4635:
3295:
3279:
3269:
3259:
3244:
3239:
2892:
Ahmed Ben Bella, Revolutionary Who Led Algeria After Independence, Dies at 93
2632:
2300:
1726:
1557:
1370:
1052:
935:
761:
724:
720:
650:
386:
1981:
Multiculturalism and Democracy in North Africa: Aftermath of the Arab Spring
1262:
1039:
of a "mild and peace-loving flavour". Despite his former establishment of a
692:
5263:
4904:
4764:
4759:
4615:
4541:
4493:
4377:
4197:
4192:
4107:
3439:
3414:
3209:
3046:
2916:
1381:
1363:
1336:
1086:
1067:
950:
939:
923:
868:
816:
765:
673:
624:
452:
429:
401:
4879:
4736:
4583:
4578:
4524:
4503:
4392:
4007:
3962:
3851:
3781:
3605:
3419:
3254:
3234:
3229:
3062:
2896:
2354:
Gleijeses, Piero, "Cuba's First Venture in Africa: Algeria, 1961-65", in
1609:"Ben Bella profile on om-passion, unofficial Olympique de Marseille site"
1100:
954:
943:
927:
913:
820:
787:
746:
547:
527:
511:
507:
444:
413:
293:
85:
2846:
2561:"Tunisian president, Mauritanian PM in Algeria for funeral of Ben Bella"
2119:
1546:"Ahmed Ben Bella, First President of an Independent Algeria, Dies at 93"
4814:
4731:
4726:
4655:
3997:
3917:
3600:
3580:
769:
539:
297:
1937:
The First Helicopter War: Logistics and Mobility in Algeria, 1954-1962
1768:
Modern Conflict in the Greater Middle East: A Country-by-Country Guide
4498:
3992:
2865:
1309:
890:
783:
735:
538:
in 1939–1940. His only appearance for the club was in a game against
531:
448:
912:
several industries and calling for socialization of the economy and
5238:
4947:
4443:
4412:
3084:
1036:
1016:
958:
905:
464:
880:
president of the country, unopposed and with an immense majority.
855:
As prime minister, Ben Bella arranged to legalize the seizures of
793:
Due to Pakistan's support for the FLN, Ben Bella had been given a
594:
586:, the highest decoration of the Free French forces, directly from
479:
in 1965. He was freed from house arrest in 1980 and died in 2012.
4362:
1282:
1218:
981:
897:
753:
638:
503:
488:
221:
201:
1667:"Saïd Amara: "C'était un joueur élégant, technique et efficace""
606:
First organization for uprising against French regime in Algeria
2900:
2687:"Report From London: Review Of Events Leading To The Signing …"
2228:
Chin, John J.; Wright, Joseph George; Carter, David B. (2022).
2059:
To the Mountains: My Life in Jihad, from Algeria to Afghanistan
1244:
782:
revolutionaries of the time, he came to describe himself as a "
487:
Ahmed Ben Bella was born on 25 December 1916 in the commune of
393:
from 27 September 1962 to 15 September 1963 and then the first
2964:
as Head of the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic
5042:
988:
662:
646:
409:
3570:
1484:"AFP: Algeria's first president 'in good health': daughter"
779:
564:
3901:
2588:
2586:
1074:(former President of the Constitutional Court of Benin).
665:
by 1952 where he was granted sanctuary by the president
2345:, American Educational Trust, Washington, 2012, pg. 43.
1510:"Mort de Ben Bella, héros de l'indépendance algérienne"
760:
on which he was flying. He was kept prisoner until the
2583:
2470:"Algeria's first president 'in good health': daughter"
2175:
2173:
1101:
Heads of state and government present at state funeral
876:
was approved and, on 15 September 1963, Ben Bella was
649:
jail. In captivity, he was exposed to the writings of
428:, and Ben Bella became prime minister of Algeria with
3172:
1906:
1444:
5453:
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)
2828:
2821:. New York: Enigma Books, 2010. 978-1-929631-30-8.
2303:, Michael Krennerich & Bernhard Thibaut (1999)
2170:
1077:
1070:(Chair of South Africa's Electoral Commission) and
467:with Morocco in 1963 and a failed rebellion by the
5418:Members of the National Liberation Front (Algeria)
5053:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries
2887:BritanicaAcademic Ahmed Ben Bella, by Robert Merle
2417:
2205:. United Press International, Inc. 12 April 2012.
1689:"Jubilé Cherfaoui Ali à Maghnia Un hommage mérité"
976:. Ahmed founded the Front des Forces Socialistes (
2923:as President of the National Constituent Assembly
1909:"Algeria: The Politics of a Socialist Revolution"
1900:
1611:. Om-passion.com. 24 October 2011. Archived from
1447:"Algeria: The Politics of a Socialist Revolution"
1062:(former president of São Tomé and Príncipe), Dr.
1033:International Campaign Against Aggression on Iraq
1009:
844:notably within the armed forces, whose chief was
5309:
3381:
3024:
2505:"Algeria's first president Ahmed Ben Bella dies"
2227:
1031:In 2003, Ben Bella was elected president of the
5428:National Liberation Front (Algeria) politicians
2535:"Algerian founding father Ben Bella dead at 95"
1438:
563:after manning an anti-aircraft post during the
526:Ben Bella first volunteered for service in the
2877:Che Guevara, Cuba, And The Algerian Revolution
400:Ben Bella played an important role during the
136:27 September 1962 – 15 September 1963
5493:Recipients of the Médaille militaire (France)
5398:Heads of government who were later imprisoned
5083:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
4530:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
4459:
3367:
3158:
3010:
2716:The Presidency - National Orders Booklet 2004
2625:
2189: (archived 31 December 2008), article by
1810:Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism
1539:
1537:
1535:
745:Ben Bella (far left) after his arrest by the
2343:The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs
2231:Historical Dictionary of Modern Coups D'etat
1854:
1634:Ben Bella, un président buteur s'est éteint…
1093:on 13 April. Algeria declared eight days of
2433:
2431:
2203:"Algeria mourns former president Ben Bella"
2055:
1940:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 164.
1066:(former Secretary-General of the OAU), Dr.
678:Revolutionary Committee of Unity and Action
521:
447:policies and came to describe himself as a
353:*Club domestic league appearances and goals
4466:
4452:
3374:
3360:
3165:
3151:
3017:
3003:
2594:"Algeria mourns first president Ben Bella"
2386:, warheroes.ru. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
1887:
1813:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 51.
1532:
961:against Morocco. He was awarded the title
946:to aid rebel movements throughout Africa.
318:
40:
806:
455:Arab states and left-wing states such as
70:15 September 1963 – 19 June 1965
5163:Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic
5093:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation
5058:Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine)
2947:as Chairman of the Revolutionary Council
2428:
2020:A Savage War of Peace: Algeria 1954-1962
1802:
1800:
1653:Olympique de Marseille, saison 1939-1940
949:He also established good relations with
826:
810:
801:
740:
691:
557:, he was decorated twice, receiving the
397:from 15 September 1963 to 19 June 1965.
5038:Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)
5023:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order
2094:
2062:. Oxford University Press. p. 13.
1933:
1543:
1021:Mouvement pour la Démocratie en Algérie
247: 1971; died 2008)
5488:Recipients of the Darjah Utama Temasek
5458:Men's association football midfielders
5310:
5033:Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)
4128:Napoléon Joseph Charles Paul Bonaparte
2725:
2723:
2607:from the original on 24 September 2018
2408:, Yale University Press, 2008, pg. 77.
2162:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1977:
1764:
1691:(in French). Vitaminedz. 26 May 2007.
1348:Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo
627:and his party, he helped to found the
600:
16:President of Algeria from 1963 to 1965
5393:French Army personnel of World War II
4447:
3355:
3146:
2998:
2861:Ben Bella's biography from rulers.org
2641:from the original on 20 December 2013
2482:from the original on 24 February 2012
2437:
2056:Anas, Abdullah; Hussein, Tam (2019).
2016:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1806:
1797:
1564:from the original on 20 December 2016
860:was in hands of the big landowners".
637:. He was in charge of organizing the
4473:
2753:
2741:from the original on 1 February 2024
2667:from the original on 1 February 2024
2305:Elections in Africa: A data handbook
1765:Tucker, Spencer C. (17 April 2017).
1544:Gregory, Joseph R. (11 April 2012).
1520:from the original on 11 January 2023
1204:
756:by French military authorities, who
752:In October 1956, he was arrested in
326:
5368:Algerian people of Moroccan descent
5073:National Liberation Front (Algeria)
4058:Jean-Baptiste Drouet, comte d'Erlon
2720:
2095:Siddiqi, Shibil (22 January 2011).
1051:He was also the chairperson of the
375:
13:
5388:Foreign Heroes of the Soviet Union
5013:Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria)
4535:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
2812:
2787:"Potpisana zajednička deklaracija"
2731:"The New York Times – May 7, 1964"
2541:from the original on 12 April 2012
2515:from the original on 11 April 2012
2248:from the original on 26 April 2023
2107:from the original on 8 August 2020
2076:from the original on 29 March 2023
1998:from the original on 26 April 2023
1966:
1911:. University of California Press.
1875:from the original on 26 April 2023
1695:from the original on 24 March 2012
1486:. 23 February 2012. Archived from
1089:on 12 April before the funeral at
14:
5504:
5483:20th-century Algerian politicians
5463:Algerian sportsperson-politicians
5363:Algerian people imprisoned abroad
5343:Algerian emigrants to Switzerland
5078:Palestine Liberation Organization
3445:Abu Zayyan Muhammad II ibn Uthman
2883:, Vol. 62 / no 4, 2 February 1998
2824:
2797:from the original on 27 July 2023
2438:Joffe, Lawrence (11 April 2012).
2357:Journal of Latin American Studies
2209:from the original on 2 April 2019
2037:from the original on 9 April 2023
2017:Horne, Alistair (9 August 2012).
1954:from the original on 9 April 2023
1785:from the original on 9 April 2023
715:Ben Bella felt excluded from the
436:with 99.6 per cent of the votes.
5443:Naturalised citizens of Pakistan
5373:Algerian prisoners and detainees
5292:
5291:
5018:Arabian Peninsula People's Union
4701:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
4068:Charles-Marie Denys de Damrémont
3330:
3114:
2873:– on the coup against Ben Bella.
2845:
2831:
2767:from the original on 2 June 2020
2697:from the original on 21 May 2024
2450:from the original on 8 June 2019
1915:from the original on 21 May 2024
1827:from the original on 21 May 2024
1733:from the original on 3 July 2012
1418:
1405:
1391:
1380:
1369:
1356:
1342:
1329:
1315:
1302:
1288:
1275:
1261:
1250:
1237:
1224:
1211:
1183:
1162:
1141:
1120:
1078:Illness, death and state funeral
1019:, Switzerland, and launched the
534:, he played center midfield for
5468:20th-century Algerian sportsmen
5403:Algerian independence activists
4661:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état
2779:
2709:
2679:
2653:
2626:Hend Hassassi (13 April 2012).
2619:
2567:. 13 April 2012. Archived from
2553:
2527:
2497:
2462:
2411:
2404:Evans, Martin; Phillips, John,
2398:
2389:
2367:
2364:, Vol 28, No. 1, February 1996.
2348:
2335:
2326:
2317:
2294:
2283:Evans, Martin; Phillips, John,
2277:
2260:
2221:
2195:
2088:
2049:
2010:
1927:
1858:Dictionary of African Biography
1848:
1839:
1758:
1745:
1707:
1681:
687:
619:the Socialist Governor-General
244:
5433:Olympique de Marseille players
5103:Union of Arab Republics (1972)
4865:Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz
3130:
2537:. Al Jazeera. 4 October 2011.
2183:Promoting Principled Positions
2180:Promoting Principled Positions
1978:Ennaji, Moha (16 April 2014).
1646:
1627:
1601:
1576:
1502:
1476:
1457:
1451:University of California Press
1010:House arrest and later freedom
1:
4148:François Louis Alfred Durrieu
4083:Louis Juchault de Lamoricière
2761:"Toledo Blade – Apr 30, 1964"
2406:The anger of the dispossessed
2285:The anger of the dispossessed
1432:
1026:
795:Pakistani diplomatic passport
701:vice president of Algeria in
682:Front de Liberation Nationale
482:
391:head of government of Algeria
5338:Algerian emigrants to France
5048:Federation of Arab Republics
5008:Arab Socialist Union (Libya)
4998:Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)
4599:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
4547:Arab separatism in Khuzestan
4338:Paul Albert Louis Delouvrier
4138:Edmond-Charles de Martimprey
4133:Prosper de Chasseloup-Laubat
4103:Nicolas Théodule Changarnier
3382:Historical rulers of Algeria
2987:Mohamed Ben Ahmed Abdelghani
2274:, issue 3 June 2009, pg. 433
2234:. Rowman & Littlefield.
2101:The Express Tribune, Karachi
1934:Shrader, Charles R. (1999).
1897:, Edició de Materials, 1965.
1807:Olson, James Stuart (1991).
1516:(in French). 11 April 2012.
1134:Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf
1002:led by his defense minister
404:against France, leading the
402:Algerian war of independence
170:Mohamed Ben Ahmed Abdelghani
7:
5173:Flag of the Arab Federation
5003:Arab Socialist Union (Iraq)
4993:Arab Socialist Action Party
4048:Anne Jean Marie René Savary
3480:Abd er Rahman I bin Abu Muh
2817:Aussaresses, General Paul,
1755:, Edició de Materials, 1965
1673:(in French). Archived from
475:by his Minister of Defense
380:
284:Association football career
10:
5509:
5448:Vice presidents of Algeria
5353:Algerian men's footballers
5333:Algerian Arab nationalists
5144:On the Way of Resurrection
5137:The Battle for One Destiny
5068:Lebanese National Movement
4509:Third International Theory
3174:Prime ministers of Algeria
2793:(5928): 1. 13 March 1964.
2440:"Ahmed Ben Bella obituary"
2362:Cambridge University Press
2097:"Middle East on the march"
1424:Order of the Yugoslav Star
497:mayhem of the Nazi victory
457:Gamal Abdel Nasser's Egypt
5287:
5196:
5153:
5121:
5098:Unified Political Command
4988:Arab Nationalist Movement
4933:
4885:Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi
4745:
4714:
4681:1969 Sudanese coup d'état
4552:1979 Khuzestan insurgency
4517:
4481:
4356:
4273:Jean-Marie Charles Abrial
4113:Alphonse Henri d'Hautpoul
4016:
3900:
3857:Mezzo Morto Hüseyin Pasha
3553:
3387:
3339:
3328:
3185:
3123:
3112:
3037:
2978:
2972:Prime Minister of Algeria
2969:
2954:
2937:
2928:
2913:
2908:
1984:. Routledge. p. 63.
1923:– via Google Books.
1453:– via Google Books.
1295:Order of Ouissam Alaouite
635:National Liberation Front
612:Sétif and Guelma massacre
361:
352:
334:
308:
303:
292:
289:
279:
262:
254:
228:
211:
188:
183:
179:
155:
140:
129:
124:Prime Minister of Algeria
122:
102:
74:
63:
55:
51:
39:
30:
23:
5413:Leaders ousted by a coup
5378:Algerian revolutionaries
4606:1952 Egyptian revolution
4263:Jules-Gaston Henri Carde
3867:Hadji Ahmed ben al-Hadji
2191:Senator Mushahid Hussain
1861:. OUP USA. p. 430.
1771:. ABC-CLIO. p. 26.
1375:Hero of the Soviet Union
963:Hero of the Soviet Union
710:National Liberation Army
522:Service with French Army
31:
5259:Palestinian nationalism
5178:Flag of the Arab Revolt
4671:1966 Syrian coup d'état
4651:1963 Syrian coup d'état
4631:1961 Syrian coup d'état
4288:Marcel-Edmond Peyrouton
3485:Said I bin Abu Tashufin
1230:National Order of Merit
672:At the outbreak of the
576:Battle of Monte Cassino
234:Zohra Michelle Sellami
46:Official portrait, 1963
4686:1969 Libyan revolution
4564:1941 Iraqi coup d'état
4303:Marcel-Edmond Naegelen
4178:Louis Henri de Gueydon
4098:Louis-Eugène Cavaignac
3714:Muhammad II the eunuch
1658:28 August 2017 at the
978:Socialist Forces Front
840:
824:
807:Ben Bella's government
749:
697:
621:Marcel-Edmond Naegelen
536:Olympique de Marseille
469:Socialist Forces Front
422:provisional government
5318:Presidents of Algeria
5244:Jordanian nationalism
4978:Arab Islamic Republic
4973:Arab Higher Committee
4850:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani
4830:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
4641:North Yemen civil war
4574:Arab–Israeli conflict
4403:Abdelmalek Benhabyles
4153:Jean Walsin-Esterhazy
4088:Marie Alphonse Bedeau
4078:Thomas Robert Bugeaud
4073:Sylvain Charles Valée
3545:Al Hassan ben Abu Muh
3074:Abdelmalek Benhabyles
3026:Presidents of Algeria
2289:Yale University Press
1584:"Britannica Academic"
830:
814:
802:Algerian independence
768:, who was opposed to
744:
695:
630:Organisation Spéciale
150:as Head of Government
115:Revolutionary Council
5279:Tunisian nationalism
5249:Lebanese nationalism
5209:Egyptian nationalism
5204:Algerian nationalism
5108:United Arab Republic
4983:Arab Liberation Army
4963:Arab Ba'ath Movement
4820:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
4433:Abdelmadjid Tebboune
4423:Abdelaziz Bouteflika
4158:Henri-Gabriel Didier
4123:Jacques Louis Randon
4033:Louis-Auguste-Victor
3787:Mahmud Bursali Pacha
3576:Hayreddin Barbarossa
3405:Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan
3106:Abdelmadjid Tebboune
3095:Abdelaziz Bouteflika
2931:President of Algeria
2879:by Ahmed ben Bella,
2866:Profile of the ruler
2478:. 23 February 2012.
2382:20 July 2017 at the
1639:28 June 2012 at the
1470:29 June 2012 at the
1293:Grand Cordon of the
932:Non-Aligned Movement
516:nationalist movement
395:president of Algeria
58:President of Algeria
5438:People from Maghnia
5408:IRB Maghnia players
5383:Algerian socialists
5269:Sahrawi nationalism
4626:1959 Mosul uprising
4559:Great Syrian Revolt
4428:Abdelkader Bensalah
4363:Republic of Algeria
4283:Yves-Charles Chatel
4143:Patrice de MacMahon
4003:Muhammad VI ben Ali
3679:Mami Muhammad Pasha
3100:Abdelkader Bensalah
2958:Benyoucef Benkhedda
2871:BBC on 20 June 1965
2571:on 30 December 2013
2511:. 10 January 2012.
2144:on 27 February 2015
2124:9 June 2013 at the
1719:The Daily Telegraph
1466:. Dna-algerie.com.
1155:Abdelilah Benkirane
994:His government was
900:Yugoslavian leader
839:and Ben Bella, 1963
703:Benyoucef Benkhedda
601:Before independence
461:Fidel Castro's Cuba
418:Benyoucef Benkhedda
286:
148:Benyoucef Benkhedda
112:as Chairman of the
5473:Algerian Islamists
5274:Syrian nationalism
5254:Libyan nationalism
5214:Greater Mauritania
5130:The Arab Awakening
5113:United Arab States
5088:Rejectionist Front
4895:Gamal Abdel Nasser
4706:Yemeni unification
4696:Lebanese Civil War
4676:17 July Revolution
4646:Ramadan Revolution
4621:14 July Revolution
4373:Abderrahmane Farès
4238:Jean-Baptiste Abel
4213:Édouard Laferrière
4168:Romuald Vuillermoz
3988:Mohammed Khaznadji
3729:Köse Mustafa Pacha
3694:Hadji Shaban Pasha
3561:Regency of Algiers
3430:Abu Said Uthman II
3395:Kingdom of Tlemcen
3042:Abderrahmane Farès
2983:Title next held by
2909:Political offices
2791:Slobodna Dalmacija
2735:The New York Times
2635:(Tunisia-live.net)
2565:Xinhua News Agency
2421:The New York Times
2268:Diplomatic History
1677:on 1 January 2014.
1615:on 9 February 2009
1550:The New York Times
1490:on 25 January 2013
1267:Médaille militaire
965:on 30 April 1964.
846:Houari Boumédiènne
841:
831:Egypt's President
825:
758:hijacked the plane
750:
717:Soummam conference
698:
667:Gamal Abdel Nasser
584:Médaille militaire
439:Ben Bella pursued
416:seized power from
389:who served as the
281:
5478:Muslim socialists
5348:Algerian escapees
5305:
5304:
5234:Iraqi nationalism
4925:Constantin Zureiq
4775:Abdul Rahman Arif
4755:Butrus al-Bustani
4441:
4440:
4388:Houari Boumédiène
4348:Christian Fouchet
4313:Jacques Soustelle
4253:Maurice Viollette
4163:Charles de Bouzet
4118:Aimable Pélissier
4043:Pierre Berthezène
3908:Deylik of Algiers
3759:Mustafa III Pasha
3739:Mustapha IV Pasha
3719:Mustapha II Pasha
3704:Daly Hassan Pasha
3641:Ahmad Pasha Qabia
3616:Mehmed Tekkelerli
3611:Muhammad Kurdogli
3555:Ottoman governors
3500:Abu Abbas Ahmad I
3440:Abu Hammu II Musa
3410:Abu Said Uthman I
3349:
3348:
3140:
3139:
3057:Houari Boumédiène
2993:
2992:
2967:
2950:
2941:Houari Boumédiène
2938:Succeeded by
2926:
2603:. 12 April 2012.
2241:978-1-5381-2068-2
2069:978-1-78738-011-0
2030:978-1-4472-3343-5
2023:. Pan Macmillan.
1991:978-1-317-81362-0
1947:978-0-275-96388-0
1868:978-0-19-538207-5
1820:978-0-313-26257-9
1778:978-1-4408-4361-7
1721:. 12 April 2012.
1715:"Ahmed Ben Bella"
1397:Lenin Peace Prize
1205:Awards and honors
1202:
1201:
1176:Mohamed Abdelaziz
1095:national mourning
1056:Panel of the Wise
1046:Arab nationalists
1004:Houari Boumédiène
835:, with Tunisia's
588:Charles de Gaulle
582:and received the
477:Houari Boumédiéne
365:
364:
357:
356:
110:Houari Boumédiène
90:Houari Boumédiène
5500:
5358:Algerian Muslims
5295:
5294:
5168:Eagle of Saladin
4875:Amin al-Husseini
4840:Faisal I of Iraq
4810:Sultan al-Atrash
4805:Mansur al-Atrash
4780:Abdul Salam Arif
4589:War of Attrition
4475:Arab nationalism
4468:
4461:
4454:
4445:
4444:
4398:Chadli Bendjedid
4298:Yves Chataigneau
4063:Bertrand Clauzel
4053:Théophile Voirol
4038:Bertrand Clauzel
3847:Hadj Mohamed Dey
3807:Buzenak-Muhammad
3749:Kassan Kaid Koça
3684:Dali Ahmed Pasha
3669:Hassan Veneziano
3659:Arab Ahmed Pasha
3631:Hasan Khüsro Aga
3510:Abu Tashufin III
3505:Abu Abdallah III
3460:Abul Hadjdjadj I
3376:
3369:
3362:
3353:
3352:
3344:
3334:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3144:
3143:
3135:
3131:
3128:
3118:
3069:Chadli Bendjedid
3019:
3012:
3005:
2996:
2995:
2961:
2955:Preceded by
2944:
2920:
2914:Preceded by
2906:
2905:
2855:
2850:
2849:
2841:
2839:Biography portal
2836:
2835:
2834:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2727:
2718:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2590:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2487:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2435:
2426:
2425:
2415:
2409:
2402:
2396:
2393:
2387:
2375:
2371:
2365:
2352:
2346:
2339:
2333:
2330:
2324:
2321:
2315:
2298:
2292:
2281:
2275:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2199:
2193:
2177:
2168:
2167:
2161:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2143:
2137:. Archived from
2136:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1975:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1904:
1898:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1804:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1762:
1756:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1650:
1644:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1541:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1480:
1474:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1442:
1422:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1395:
1384:
1373:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1346:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1321:Order of Temasek
1319:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1292:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1265:
1254:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1228:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1169:Sahrawi Republic
1168:
1166:
1165:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1105:
1104:
1091:El Alia Cemetery
1072:Elisabeth Pognon
974:Hocine Aït Ahmed
970:Mohammed Boudiaf
874:the constitution
680:that headed the
555:Second World War
383:
381:Aḥmad bin Billah
377:
337:
328:
320:
287:
280:
248:
246:
218:
199:25 December 1916
198:
196:
184:Personal details
165:Office abolished
158:
143:
134:
117:
105:
79:
68:
44:
34:
21:
20:
5508:
5507:
5503:
5502:
5501:
5499:
5498:
5497:
5308:
5307:
5306:
5301:
5283:
5219:Greater Morocco
5192:
5188:Pan-Arab colors
5183:Hawk of Quraish
5149:
5117:
4968:Arab Federation
4929:
4915:Abdullah Rimawi
4890:Mostéfa Merarda
4845:Muammar Gaddafi
4825:Ahmed Ben Bella
4800:Jamal al-Atassi
4790:Bashar al-Assad
4741:
4710:
4691:Black September
4569:Anglo-Iraqi War
4513:
4477:
4472:
4442:
4437:
4418:Liamine Zéroual
4408:Mohamed Boudiaf
4383:Ahmed Ben Bella
4365:
4361:
4352:
4318:Georges Catroux
4293:Georges Catroux
4268:Georges le Beau
4228:Maurice Varnier
4218:Charles Jonnart
4093:Henri d'Orleans
4025:
4020:
4012:
3933:Mohammed Arslan
3910:
3905:
3896:
3887:Mohamed Bektach
3797:Yusuf III Pasha
3744:Soliman Katanya
3636:Ahmed Bostandji
3571:Aruj Barbarossa
3563:
3558:
3549:
3535:Abu Abdallah VI
3515:Abu Abdallah IV
3495:Abu Abdallah II
3450:Abu Tashufin II
3397:
3392:
3389:Zayyanid rulers
3383:
3380:
3350:
3345:
3342:
3335:
3326:
3317:Benabderrahmane
3195:vacant, 1963–79
3181:
3171:
3141:
3136:
3133:
3129:
3126:
3119:
3110:
3090:Liamine Zéroual
3080:Mohamed Boudiaf
3052:Ahmed Ben Bella
3033:
3023:
2984:
2975:
2960:
2943:
2934:
2919:
2853:Politics portal
2851:
2844:
2837:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2815:
2813:Further reading
2810:
2800:
2798:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2770:
2768:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2744:
2742:
2729:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2710:
2700:
2698:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2670:
2668:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2644:
2642:
2624:
2620:
2610:
2608:
2592:
2591:
2584:
2574:
2572:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2544:
2542:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2518:
2516:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2485:
2483:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2453:
2451:
2436:
2429:
2416:
2412:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2390:
2384:Wayback Machine
2373:
2372:
2368:
2353:
2349:
2340:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2299:
2295:
2282:
2278:
2265:
2261:
2251:
2249:
2242:
2226:
2222:
2212:
2210:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2187:Wayback Machine
2178:
2171:
2155:
2154:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2134:
2132:"Archived copy"
2130:
2128:
2126:Wayback Machine
2117:
2110:
2108:
2093:
2089:
2079:
2077:
2070:
2054:
2050:
2040:
2038:
2031:
2015:
2011:
2001:
1999:
1992:
1976:
1967:
1957:
1955:
1948:
1932:
1928:
1918:
1916:
1905:
1901:
1895:Ahmed Ben Bella
1892:
1888:
1878:
1876:
1869:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1830:
1828:
1821:
1805:
1798:
1788:
1786:
1779:
1763:
1759:
1753:Ahmed Ben Bella
1750:
1746:
1736:
1734:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1698:
1696:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1665:
1663:
1660:Wayback Machine
1651:
1647:
1641:Wayback Machine
1632:
1628:
1618:
1616:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1592:
1590:
1588:academic.eb.com
1582:
1581:
1577:
1567:
1565:
1542:
1533:
1523:
1521:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1493:
1491:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1472:Wayback Machine
1462:
1458:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1406:
1404:
1357:
1355:
1330:
1328:
1303:
1301:
1276:
1274:
1256:Croix de Guerre
1238:
1236:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1197:Moncef Marzouki
1184:
1182:
1163:
1161:
1142:
1140:
1121:
1119:
1103:
1080:
1060:Miguel Trovoada
1041:one-party state
1029:
1012:
902:Josip Broz Tito
865:Mohammed Khider
815:Ben Bella with
809:
804:
690:
608:
603:
580:warrant officer
560:Croix de Guerre
544:Coupe de France
524:
493:First World War
485:
368:Ahmed Ben Bella
335:
285:
275:
250:
242:
238:
235:
220:
216:
200:
194:
192:
175:
156:
141:
135:
130:
113:
103:
98:
75:
69:
64:
47:
35:
32:
26:
25:Ahmed Ben Bella
17:
12:
11:
5:
5506:
5496:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5299:
5288:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5200:
5198:
5197:Related topics
5194:
5193:
5191:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5159:
5157:
5151:
5150:
5148:
5147:
5140:
5133:
5125:
5123:
5119:
5118:
5116:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5063:Islamic Legion
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4953:Al-Mourabitoun
4950:
4945:
4939:
4937:
4931:
4930:
4928:
4927:
4922:
4920:Hamdeen Sabahi
4917:
4912:
4910:Fuad al-Rikabi
4907:
4902:
4900:Adnan Pachachi
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4870:Saddam Hussein
4867:
4862:
4860:Sati' al-Husri
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4795:Hafez al-Assad
4792:
4787:
4785:Zaki al-Arsuzi
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4751:
4749:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4718:
4716:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4666:Aden Emergency
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4611:Iraqi Intifada
4608:
4603:
4602:
4601:
4596:
4594:Yom Kippur War
4591:
4586:
4581:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4555:
4554:
4544:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4527:
4521:
4519:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4489:Arab socialism
4485:
4483:
4479:
4478:
4471:
4470:
4463:
4456:
4448:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4369:
4367:
4366:(1962–present)
4354:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4323:Robert Lacoste
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4278:Maxime Weygand
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4243:Théodore Steeg
4240:
4235:
4233:Charles Lutaud
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4183:Antoine Chanzy
4180:
4175:
4173:Alexis Lambert
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4029:
4027:
4023:French Algeria
4014:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3914:
3912:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3877:Hadji Mustapha
3874:
3872:Hassan Chaouch
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3812:Ahmed II Pasha
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3777:Yusuf II Pasha
3774:
3769:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3699:Mustapha Pasha
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3596:Khalifa Saffah
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3567:
3565:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3547:
3542:
3540:Abu Zayyan III
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3520:Abu Abdallah V
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3475:Abu Abdallah I
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3425:Abu Tashufin I
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3401:
3399:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3378:
3371:
3364:
3356:
3347:
3346:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3170:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3147:
3138:
3137:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3071:
3066:
3060:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3022:
3021:
3014:
3007:
2999:
2991:
2990:
2982:
2977:
2968:
2956:
2952:
2951:
2939:
2936:
2927:
2915:
2911:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2874:
2868:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2842:
2826:
2825:External links
2823:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2778:
2752:
2737:. 7 May 1964.
2719:
2708:
2691:www.nas.gov.sg
2678:
2652:
2618:
2582:
2552:
2526:
2496:
2475:The Daily Star
2461:
2427:
2410:
2397:
2388:
2366:
2347:
2334:
2325:
2316:
2293:
2276:
2259:
2240:
2220:
2194:
2169:
2087:
2068:
2048:
2029:
2009:
1990:
1965:
1946:
1926:
1899:
1893:Robert Merle,
1886:
1867:
1847:
1838:
1819:
1796:
1777:
1757:
1751:Robert Merle,
1744:
1706:
1680:
1662:. Om4ever.com.
1645:
1626:
1600:
1575:
1531:
1501:
1475:
1456:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1389:
1386:Order of Lenin
1378:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1259:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1191:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1170:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1151:Prime Minister
1149:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1130:Prime Minister
1128:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1102:
1099:
1079:
1076:
1064:Salim A. Salim
1028:
1025:
1011:
1008:
1000:bloodless coup
808:
805:
803:
800:
689:
686:
607:
604:
602:
599:
523:
520:
484:
481:
441:Arab socialist
424:after a short
363:
362:
359:
358:
355:
354:
350:
349:
346:
343:
338:
332:
331:
322:
315:
310:
306:
305:
304:Senior career*
301:
300:
291:
283:
282:
277:
276:
274:
273:
270:
266:
264:
260:
259:
256:
252:
251:
240:
236:
233:
232:
230:
226:
225:
219:(aged 95)
213:
209:
208:
206:French Algeria
190:
186:
185:
181:
180:
177:
176:
174:
173:
167:
161:
159:
153:
152:
144:
138:
137:
127:
126:
120:
119:
106:
100:
99:
97:
96:
94:Saïd Mohammedi
91:
88:
82:
80:
77:Vice President
72:
71:
61:
60:
53:
52:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5505:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5315:
5313:
5298:
5290:
5289:
5286:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5229:Greater Yemen
5227:
5225:
5224:Greater Syria
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5195:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5160:
5158:
5156:
5152:
5146:
5145:
5141:
5139:
5138:
5134:
5132:
5131:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5120:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4936:
4935:Organizations
4932:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4855:George Habash
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4835:Izzat Darwaza
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4770:Yasser Arafat
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4747:Personalities
4744:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4722:Arab identity
4720:
4719:
4717:
4713:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4636:Arab Cold War
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4553:
4550:
4549:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4516:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4469:
4464:
4462:
4457:
4455:
4450:
4449:
4446:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4364:
4359:
4355:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4308:Roger Léonard
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4258:Pierre Bordes
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4019:
4015:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3909:
3903:
3899:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3882:Hussein Kodja
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3862:Ahmed Sharban
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3817:Ibrahim Pasha
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3792:Ahmed I Pasha
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3772:Hassan Khodja
3770:
3767:
3765:
3764:Khüsrev Pacha
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3709:Soliman Pasha
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3651:Uluç Ali Reis
3649:
3647:
3646:Muhamad Pasha
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3621:Yusuf I Pasha
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3556:
3552:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3525:Abu Hammu III
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3465:Abu Zayyan II
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3455:Abu Thabid II
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3390:
3386:
3377:
3372:
3370:
3365:
3363:
3358:
3357:
3354:
3338:
3333:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3179:
3175:
3168:
3163:
3161:
3156:
3154:
3149:
3148:
3145:
3122:
3117:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3031:
3027:
3020:
3015:
3013:
3008:
3006:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2989:
2988:
2981:
2974:
2973:
2966:
2965:
2959:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2942:
2933:
2932:
2925:
2924:
2918:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2848:
2843:
2840:
2829:
2822:
2820:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2726:
2724:
2717:
2712:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2682:
2666:
2662:
2656:
2640:
2636:
2634:
2629:
2622:
2606:
2602:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2556:
2540:
2536:
2530:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2493:
2481:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2465:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2434:
2432:
2423:
2422:
2414:
2407:
2401:
2392:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2370:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2338:
2329:
2320:
2314:
2313:0-19-829645-2
2310:
2306:
2302:
2301:Dieter Nohlen
2297:
2290:
2286:
2280:
2273:
2269:
2263:
2247:
2243:
2237:
2233:
2232:
2224:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2176:
2174:
2165:
2159:
2140:
2133:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2091:
2075:
2071:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2052:
2036:
2032:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2013:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1953:
1949:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1930:
1914:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1890:
1874:
1870:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1851:
1842:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1803:
1801:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1761:
1754:
1748:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1710:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1661:
1657:
1654:
1649:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1630:
1614:
1610:
1604:
1589:
1585:
1579:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1489:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1452:
1448:
1441:
1437:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1209:
1208:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1053:African Union
1049:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1007:
1005:
1001:
997:
992:
990:
985:
983:
979:
975:
971:
966:
964:
960:
956:
952:
947:
945:
941:
937:
936:Kwame Nkrumah
933:
929:
925:
920:
917:
915:
911:
910:nationalizing
907:
903:
899:
894:
892:
887:
881:
879:
875:
870:
866:
861:
858:
853:
851:
850:a coup d'état
847:
838:
834:
829:
822:
818:
813:
799:
796:
791:
789:
785:
781:
776:
773:
771:
767:
763:
762:Evian accords
759:
755:
748:
743:
739:
737:
733:
728:
726:
722:
721:Abane Ramdane
718:
713:
711:
706:
704:
694:
685:
683:
679:
675:
670:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
651:Sultan-Galiev
648:
642:
640:
636:
632:
631:
626:
622:
616:
613:
598:
596:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
572:
566:
562:
561:
556:
551:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
519:
517:
513:
509:
505:
500:
498:
494:
490:
480:
478:
474:
473:a coup d'état
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
437:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
398:
396:
392:
388:
387:revolutionary
384:
382:
373:
369:
360:
351:
347:
344:
342:
339:
333:
330:
323:
321:
316:
314:
311:
307:
302:
299:
295:
288:
278:
271:
268:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
231:
227:
223:
215:11 April 2012
214:
210:
207:
203:
191:
187:
182:
178:
171:
168:
166:
163:
162:
160:
154:
151:
149:
145:
139:
133:
128:
125:
121:
118:
116:
111:
107:
101:
95:
92:
89:
87:
84:
83:
81:
78:
73:
67:
62:
59:
54:
50:
43:
38:
29:
22:
19:
5264:Pan-Islamism
5142:
5135:
5128:
5028:Ba'ath Party
4905:Ameen Rihani
4824:
4765:Jassem Alwan
4760:Michel Aflaq
4616:Algerian War
4542:Iraqi Revolt
4382:
4378:Ferhat Abbas
4328:André Mutter
4248:Henri Dubief
4208:Louis Lépine
4203:Auguste Loze
4198:Jules Cambon
4193:Louis Tirman
4188:Albert Grévy
4108:Viala Charon
3923:Muhammad III
3892:Deli Ibrahim
3822:Ismail Pasha
3724:Rizvan Pasha
3674:Djafar Pasha
3664:Ramdan Pasha
3655:Mehmet Pasha
3626:Yahyia Pasha
3435:Abu Thabid I
3415:Abu Zayyan I
3194:
3189:
3051:
3047:Ferhat Abbas
2985:
2979:
2970:
2963:
2962:
2946:
2945:
2929:
2922:
2921:
2917:Ferhat Abbas
2881:The Militant
2880:
2818:
2816:
2799:. Retrieved
2790:
2781:
2769:. Retrieved
2755:
2743:. Retrieved
2734:
2711:
2699:. Retrieved
2690:
2681:
2669:. Retrieved
2655:
2643:. Retrieved
2631:
2621:
2609:. Retrieved
2597:
2573:. Retrieved
2569:the original
2555:
2543:. Retrieved
2529:
2517:. Retrieved
2508:
2499:
2491:
2484:. Retrieved
2473:
2464:
2452:. Retrieved
2444:The Guardian
2443:
2419:
2413:
2405:
2400:
2391:
2374:(in Russian)
2369:
2355:
2350:
2342:
2337:
2328:
2319:
2304:
2296:
2284:
2279:
2271:
2267:
2262:
2250:. Retrieved
2230:
2223:
2211:. Retrieved
2197:
2146:. Retrieved
2139:the original
2109:. Retrieved
2100:
2090:
2078:. Retrieved
2058:
2051:
2039:. Retrieved
2019:
2012:
2000:. Retrieved
1980:
1956:. Retrieved
1936:
1929:
1917:. Retrieved
1902:
1894:
1889:
1877:. Retrieved
1857:
1850:
1841:
1829:. Retrieved
1809:
1787:. Retrieved
1767:
1760:
1752:
1747:
1735:. Retrieved
1718:
1709:
1697:. Retrieved
1683:
1675:the original
1670:
1648:
1629:
1617:. Retrieved
1613:the original
1603:
1591:. Retrieved
1587:
1578:
1568:15 September
1566:. Retrieved
1549:
1522:. Retrieved
1513:
1504:
1492:. Retrieved
1488:the original
1478:
1459:
1440:
1364:Soviet Union
1337:South Africa
1087:lay in state
1084:
1081:
1068:Brigalia Bam
1050:
1030:
1013:
993:
986:
967:
951:Fidel Castro
948:
940:Modibo Keita
924:Soviet Union
921:
918:
895:
882:
869:Ferhat Abbas
862:
854:
842:
823:, Cuba, 1962
817:Fidel Castro
792:
777:
774:
766:Alain Savary
751:
729:
714:
707:
705:'s cabinet.
699:
688:Algerian War
681:
674:Algerian War
671:
657:and then to
643:
628:
625:Messali Hadj
617:
609:
592:
570:
558:
552:
525:
501:
486:
453:anti-Zionist
438:
430:Ferhat Abbas
399:
378:
376:أحمد بن بلّة
367:
366:
324:
317:
312:
217:(2012-04-11)
164:
157:Succeeded by
146:
131:
108:
104:Succeeded by
65:
33:أحمد بن بلّة
18:
5328:2012 deaths
5323:1916 births
4958:Arab Ba'ath
4880:Salah Jadid
4737:Arabization
4584:Six-Day War
4579:Suez Crisis
4525:Arab Revolt
4504:Pan-Arabism
4393:Rabah Bitat
4333:Raoul Salan
4223:Paul Révoil
4026:(1830–1962)
4008:Hussein Dey
3968:Mustapha II
3963:Sidi Hassan
3948:Muhammad IV
3938:Ibrahim III
3911:(1710–1830)
3852:Baba Hassan
3832:Ramadan Aga
3802:Murad Pasha
3782:Ali Bitchin
3768:Murat Pasha
3754:Hizir Pasha
3689:Hızır Pasha
3606:Hasan Corso
3591:Hasan Pasha
3586:Hadji Pasha
3564:(1517–1710)
3490:Abu Malek I
3420:Abu Hammu I
3398:(1235–1556)
3063:Rabah Bitat
2897:Appearances
2701:22 December
2645:20 December
2611:20 December
2575:20 December
2486:23 February
2291:, 2008, 74.
2252:23 November
2213:14 December
1919:15 December
1514:Le Monde.fr
955:Che Guevara
944:Sekou Toure
928:Third World
914:Arabization
886:egalitarian
857:autogestion
821:Che Guevara
788:Suez Crisis
747:French army
661:, reaching
571:tirailleurs
548:IRB Maghnia
528:French Army
512:colonialism
508:imperialism
445:Pan-Arabist
434:an election
414:Oujda Group
294:center back
290:Position(s)
142:Preceded by
86:Rabah Bitat
5423:Nasserists
5312:Categories
5122:Literature
4815:Tariq Aziz
4732:Arab world
4727:Arab Union
4656:Dhofar War
4358:Presidents
4343:Jean Morin
3958:Muhammad V
3943:Ibrahim IV
3928:Abdy Pasha
3837:Shaban Aga
3827:Khalil Aga
3601:Salah Rais
3581:Hasan Agha
3530:Abu Muh II
3225:Abdessalam
3200:Abdelghani
2976:1962–1963
2935:1963–1965
2801:1 February
2771:1 February
2745:1 February
2671:1 February
2599:Daily Star
2454:9 February
1737:9 February
1671:Algerie360
1593:9 February
1433:References
1413:Yugoslavia
1127:Mauritania
1114:Dignitary
1027:Later life
996:overthrown
893:rhetoric.
778:Like many
770:Guy Mollet
610:After the
540:FC Antibes
483:Early life
298:midfielder
272:footballer
269:Politician
263:Occupation
195:1916-12-25
5155:Symbolism
4499:Nasserism
4494:Ba'athism
4018:Governors
3993:Omar Agha
3470:Abu Muh I
3306:Boukadoum
3265:Belkhadem
3250:Benbitour
3215:Hamrouche
3190:Ben Bella
2633:AllAfrica
2377:Biography
2270:, volume
1727:0307-1235
1643:. OM.net.
1558:0362-4331
1310:Singapore
1193:President
1172:President
891:socialist
837:Bourguiba
784:Nasserist
736:pied noir
569:Moroccan
532:Marseille
449:Nasserist
341:Marseille
336:1939-1940
224:, Algeria
132:In office
66:In office
5297:Category
5239:Islamism
4948:Al-Fatat
4715:Concepts
4482:Ideology
4413:Ali Kafi
3973:Ahmed II
3734:Hasan IV
3322:Larbaoui
3291:Tebboune
3134:military
3085:Ali Kafi
2795:Archived
2765:Archived
2739:Archived
2695:Archived
2665:Archived
2639:Archived
2605:Archived
2545:12 April
2539:Archived
2519:12 April
2513:Archived
2509:BBC News
2480:Archived
2448:Archived
2380:Archived
2246:Archived
2207:Archived
2158:cite web
2148:12 April
2122:Archived
2111:12 April
2105:Archived
2080:29 March
2074:Archived
2035:Archived
1996:Archived
1952:Archived
1913:Archived
1873:Archived
1825:Archived
1783:Archived
1731:Archived
1699:12 April
1693:Archived
1656:Archived
1637:Archived
1619:12 April
1562:Archived
1518:Archived
1494:12 April
1468:Archived
1108:Country
1037:Islamist
1017:Lausanne
959:Sand War
906:literacy
465:Sand War
255:Children
56:1st
4943:Al-Awda
4518:History
4360:of the
3978:Ali III
3842:Ali Aga
3296:Ouyahia
3270:Ouyahia
3260:Ouyahia
3255:Benflis
3245:Hamdani
3240:Ouyahia
3220:Ghozali
3205:Brahimi
3127:interim
2185:at the
2041:4 April
2002:4 April
1958:4 April
1879:4 April
1831:4 April
1789:4 April
1283:Morocco
1219:Algeria
1190:Tunisia
1148:Morocco
982:Kabylia
898:Marxist
878:elected
754:Algiers
732:Tripoli
725:Kabyles
655:Tunisia
639:wilayas
542:in the
504:Tlemcen
489:Maghnia
249:
241:
237:
222:Algiers
202:Maghnia
3983:Ali IV
3953:Ali II
3343:acting
3312:Djerad
3301:Bedoui
3286:Sellal
3280:Yousfi
3275:Sellal
3210:Merbah
2980:Vacant
2901:C-SPAN
2311:
2307:, p47
2238:
2066:
2027:
1988:
1944:
1865:
1817:
1775:
1725:
1556:
1426:(1964)
1410:
1399:(1964)
1388:(1964)
1377:(1964)
1361:
1350:(2004)
1334:
1323:(1963)
1307:
1280:
1269:(1944)
1258:(1940)
1245:France
1242:
1216:
1188:
1167:
1146:
1125:
1111:Title
908:, and
833:Nasser
426:crisis
372:Arabic
229:Spouse
172:(1979)
5043:Fatah
3998:Ali V
3918:Ali I
3230:Malek
2601:(AFP)
2142:(PDF)
2135:(PDF)
1524:1 May
989:Ulema
663:Cairo
659:Egypt
647:Blida
595:Sétif
410:Cairo
309:Years
243:(
239:
3906:the
3902:Deys
3559:the
3393:the
3235:Sifi
3178:list
3030:list
2803:2024
2773:2024
2747:2024
2703:2021
2673:2024
2647:2013
2613:2013
2577:2013
2547:2012
2521:2012
2488:2012
2456:2018
2309:ISBN
2254:2022
2236:ISBN
2215:2022
2164:link
2150:2012
2113:2012
2082:2023
2064:ISBN
2043:2023
2025:ISBN
2004:2023
1986:ISBN
1960:2023
1942:ISBN
1921:2019
1881:2023
1863:ISBN
1833:2023
1815:ISBN
1791:2023
1773:ISBN
1739:2018
1723:ISSN
1701:2012
1621:2012
1595:2018
1570:2017
1554:ISSN
1526:2023
1496:2012
972:and
942:and
867:and
819:and
780:Arab
734:, a
565:Nazi
510:and
459:and
443:and
319:Apps
313:Team
212:Died
189:Born
4021:of
2899:on
420:'s
406:FLN
348:(0)
327:Gls
5314::
3904:of
3557:of
3391:of
2789:.
2763:.
2733:.
2722:^
2693:.
2689:.
2663:.
2637:.
2630:.
2596:.
2585:^
2563:.
2507:.
2490:.
2472:.
2446:.
2442:.
2430:^
2360:,
2287:,
2272:33
2244:.
2172:^
2160:}}
2156:{{
2129:-
2118:-
2103:.
2099:.
2072:.
2033:.
1994:.
1968:^
1950:.
1871:.
1823:.
1799:^
1781:.
1729:.
1717:.
1669:.
1664:-
1586:.
1560:.
1552:.
1548:.
1534:^
1512:.
1449:.
1415::
1366::
1339::
1312::
1285::
1247::
1221::
1097:.
1048:.
953:,
938:,
916:.
790:.
669:.
590:.
550:.
518:.
499:.
374::
296:,
245:m.
204:,
4467:e
4460:t
4453:v
3375:e
3368:t
3361:v
3341:*
3308:*
3282:*
3180:)
3176:(
3166:e
3159:t
3152:v
3132:†
3125:*
3102:*
3076:*
3065:*
3059:†
3032:)
3028:(
3018:e
3011:t
3004:v
2805:.
2775:.
2749:.
2705:.
2675:.
2649:.
2615:.
2579:.
2549:.
2523:.
2458:.
2424:.
2256:.
2217:.
2166:)
2152:.
2115:.
2084:.
2045:.
2006:.
1962:.
1883:.
1835:.
1793:.
1741:.
1703:.
1623:.
1597:.
1572:.
1528:.
1498:.
370:(
345:1
329:)
325:(
258:2
197:)
193:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)