169:
the upper ones and the upper face of the leaf is yellowish green in color while the lower face is velvety. The grape bunch is large in size and has an average compactness. It can grow in two different shapes: cylindrical or as a long cone. The grapes are large and spherical and have a yellowish color. The grapes are late to bud burst and also late to ripen. They yield about 4.5 to 6 kg per vine. Further, this grape is very resistant to drought and the base buds are fertile and thus resists very short pruning and still have acceptable yields.
485:
cotta fermentation vats. In addition, almost all the wine was sent to other regions to mix in with other musts or for distillation. In general, the wine are characterised by a pallid colour with yellow iridescences; in the nose, mature fruit can be noted (banana, pineapple or grapefruit), and in the mouth, despite a certain lack of acidity, they are quite tasty and pleasant, easy to drink, though not ‘elegant’. The best ones have a fresh bouquet of roses, with a fine harmonious taste that does not leave false tastes at the back of the mouth.
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503:
The second type of Airén (Layrén or Datileña) is a table grape used to produce raisins and which is described by Alonso de
Herrera, in the second reference by Clemente, and by Fernández de Bobadilla. The first mention of the name Airén (currently the most widely used denomination to define this variety) is in the citation by García de los Salmones (1914) in the province of Albacete.
247:’s “Agricultura General”. This author however preferred to call it “Datileña” because the grapes were bunched together like dates. He confesses to not having tasted the wine but states that “it is not very strong nor does it have much body” and also that “it would be better to make raisins from these grapes as they are very shapely and abundant”.
312:
quantity of bunches, well set in the upper part, set in the lower part. Grapes about ten ‘lines’ long and six and a half wide at the most, somewhat thin towards the tip, very frequently slightly concave on the side facing the stem and convex on the opposite side, quite golden, very translucent, very meaty early on, stem somewhat thick.
502:
From this bibliography, it can be observed that two types of Airén (Lairén or Layrén) are described: one is the variety extensively grown in La Mancha and which is cited in the first reference by
Clemente, by Abela, by García de los Salmones, by Marcilla, by Hidalgo, by Jancis Robinson, and by Peñín.
484:
Airén has had a bad press, more due to the processes used which never did it justice, rather than for the quality of the vine itself. In the past, there was a double problem of low productivity, due mainly to the low density of the plantations, along with the traditional method of fermenting in terra
311:
Thin vine, which sprouts at the normal time. Numerous shoots, very long, curly, entirely hairless, rather light brown-reddish in colour, very soft. Medium-sized leaves, somewhat irregular, somewhat lobed, with normally sharp sinuses, upper face smooth, the fall off early, yellowish colour. Sufficient
421:
Vine with a sturdy trunk, semi-erect shoots, of average length, large leaf, orb-like, wedge-shaped, with 5 lobes, deep upper lateral sinuses, and overlapping edges; marked lower sinuses, more or less intense green upper face, velvety lower face. Numerous bunches and very similar, very long and thin,
168:
The grapes have a cotton-like bud burst, which is bronze or yellowish in colour, with light reddish edge, and not very intense at the tip. The grapes have a trailing growing habit. The leaves of the Airén are average in size and have a pentagonal shape. The lower lateral sinuses are less marked than
493:
Late sprouting and maturing variety. Alcoholic content of about 13 or 14°. The vine is perfectly adapted to the harsh arid climate of La Mancha, its calcareous soils, and at up to 700 m above sea level. It is very resistant to drought and to diseases, which explains its extensive planting after the
438:
Low-lying structure. Adult leaf: pentagonal and wedge-shaped, average size, upper lateral sinuses with overlapping edges, lower sinuses lyre-shaped, hairless upper face, scratchy (arañoso) lower face, strong green colour. Large, loose bunches. Big grape size, regular yellow colour, spheroid shape,
144:
where it represents almost a quarter of all grapes grown. As of 2017, Airén was estimated to be the world's fourth most grown wine grape variety in terms of planted surface, at 252,000 hectares (620,000 acres), an increase from 218,000 hectares (540,000 acres) in 2004, where it held 1st place,
479:
gives the origin of Airén as being in La Mancha, from where two thirds of all the grapes grown in Spain come from. It is absolutely the dominant variety in this region, especially so in Ciudad Real and Toledo, and slightly less so in
Albacete and Cuenca. It can also be found further south in
615:
Airén is also known under the synonyms Aiden, Blancon, Forcallada, Forcallat, Forcallat blanca, Forcallat blanco, Forcayat, Forcellat bianca, Forcellat blanca, Laeren del Rey, Lairen, Layren, Manchega, Mantuo Laeren, Valdepenas, Valdepenera blanca, and
Valdepenero.
590:
The Airén vine is commonly planted in unusually low vine density, around 1500 vines per hectare, which has a deleterious effect on wine quality as with any grape variety. Its vineyards cover vast areas but as trends in
Spanish wine production move towards
443:
In the "Inventario Vitícola
Nacional" by Hidalago and Rodríguez Candela (1971) Airén is cited as growing in Ciudad Real, Cuenca, Madrid, Málaga y Toledo. As Lairén is cited as growing in Córdoba, Jaén y Sevilla. As Valdepeñera or Airén grown in Albacete.
409:
Gives must from which excellent table wines can be made, and also fine, white wines with a distinctive taste, although this is not very common practice in La Mancha. The average alcohol content of these wines is about 12-14°, and in good years up to
471:
with 146.200 ha. She comments that it is the most common variety in Spain, comprising 30% of all vines. It is absolutely dominant in the
Valdepeñas area and in La Mancha. She also comments that in the south of Spain it is known as Lairén.
258:
and second is a table grape as described by
Herrera as the Datileña. The first reference by Roxas Clemente mentions that Airén is also known as Mantúo Laerén and Laerén de Rey. He describes this variety as follows:
263:
whitish very hard shoots. Green-yellowish very hairy leaves, with shallow sinuses and short (dientes), which fall off late. Tightly clustered grapes, large, rather late in maturing, with visible veins.
307:, where it gives excellent wines for the production of exquisite spirits. The second reference by Roxas Clemente to Layrén states that this variety is synonymous to the Datileña. He describes it as:
430:
Late ripening variety, good for transporting, not very sweet must, which gives low quality wines, as indicated by its classification among the
Montuos, or not very select varieties. Good to eat.
339:
In 1885, Abela stated that Mantúo Laerén, apart from the areas mentioned by Roxas
Clemente, was also grown in the region of Córdoba (known there as Mantúo Lairén) and in the areas around
316:
This grape, according to Roxas Clemente, is used for the production of raisins and to mix its must with that of the Ximénez variety, and in 1807 was grown in Sanlúcar, Xerez, Trebujena,
451:’s "Guía de Uvas para Vinificación" (1996) Airén is cited as the most grown variety of grape in the world: with 423.100 ha under cultivation, it exceeds Garnacha (
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The first recorded mention of Airén was in 1615. In the 15th century it was known as Lairén (as it is in the Córdoba region today) and is cited as such in
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In 1954, Marcilla defined the Airén variety as a typical vine in the La Mancha region, grown almost exclusively in that area. He described it as a
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401:
Trailing vine, very fertile including the first buds of the shoots, thus allowing very short pruning. Large bunches, quite tightly clustered.
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has led to it being the known as the largest area, planted to a single grape variety, in the world It can also be found significantly in
296:
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Félix Cabello, Inmaculada Rodríguez-Torres, Gregorio Muñoz-Organero, Cristina Rubio, Alejandro Benito, Silvia García-Beneytez (2003).
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cylindrical and not very compact. Fat grapes, ovoid shaped, greenish colour, slightly golden, thick stem, hard pulp not very juicy.
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Airén vines. Due to the anonymous nature of Airén wines, its principal use has generally been in the manufacture of Spanish
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describes two types of Layrén: the first is the one we know today as the modern Airén from
673:. Consejería de Economía e Innovación Tecnológica de la Comunidad de Madrid. p. 129.
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He also mentions Lairén as being grown in Montilla (Córdoba) and in Extremadura.
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394:(Sevilla), Espera (Cádiz) and Córdoba. And as Airén in Albacete.
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In 1965, Fernández de Bobadilla described Mantúo Laerén as:
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Peñín goes on to comment on the agronomic characteristics:
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He says the following about its agronomic properties:
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commonly used in winemaking. This grape is native to
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145:although it is almost exclusively found in Spain.
439:soft pulp. Average shoots, strong, very branched.
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667:La colección de variedades de vid de "El Encín"
649:Distribution of the world’s grapevine varieties
405:Of the wine made from these grapes he states:
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434:In 1976, Hidalgo described Airén as follows:
119:A 50-yr old Airén vine, from a vineyard near
693:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
211:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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595:, a huge number of Airéns vines are being
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511:Airén is by far the most abundant in the
231:Learn how and when to remove this message
156:) are more planted in terms of number of
760:
114:
1738:Clarification and stabilization of wine
555:Airén is allowed in the following DOs:
550:
519:DOs, very abundant in the provinces of
299:. He also mentions that it is grown in
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475:In his book "Cepas del Mundo" (1997),
267:He says that this variety is grown in
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747:Vitis International Variety Catalogue
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209:adding citations to reliable sources
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535:. The low vine density of Airén in
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355:, where it was known as Lairén.
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527:, and only slightly less so in
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715:. Pavilion Books. p. 34.
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1764:Glossary of viticulture terms
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1769:Glossary of winemaking terms
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543:and as far south as
467:with 162.200 ha and
392:Cazalla de la Sierra
205:improve this section
67:see list of synonyms
1694:Yeast in winemaking
1646:Carbonic maceration
711:Clarke, Oz (2008).
455:) with 317.500 ha,
43:Color of berry skin
1684:Traditional method
1485:Wine personalities
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1278:Major regions
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1234:Montepulciano
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190:This section
188:
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155:
151:
146:
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139:
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122:
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99:
95:
93:Notable wines
91:
88:
85:
83:
79:
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71:
68:
65:
61:
58:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
30:
25:
20:
1844:Spanish wine
1799:
1656:Fermentation
1507:
1490:Wine tasting
1111:Muscat blanc
1081:Chenin blanc
1055:
878:Ancient Rome
731:
712:
666:
644:
614:
589:
580:
554:
510:
501:
492:
488:
483:
474:
446:
442:
437:
433:
429:
425:
420:
416:
413:
408:
404:
400:
396:
357:
338:
336:y Paxarete.
315:
310:
266:
262:
249:
242:
227:
218:
203:Please help
191:
167:
147:
131:
127:
126:
54:
33:
1759:Wine bottle
1731:Other steps
1722:Wine cellar
1679:Süssreserve
1371:Wine cellar
1361:Wine bottle
1302:accessories
1300:Packaging,
1259:Tempranillo
888:Noah's wine
868:Phoenicians
814:Viticulture
634:Wine portal
601:La Mancha's
521:Ciudad Real
390:(Almería),
378:(Granada),
374:(Badajoz),
345:Ciudad Real
164:Description
63:Also called
1828:Categories
1638:Maceration
1628:Wine press
1618:Destemming
1569:Winemaking
1475:Wine fraud
1470:Wine fault
1455:Oenophilia
1391:Wine label
1386:Wine glass
1351:Port tongs
1249:Sangiovese
1244:Pinot noir
1204:Douce noir
1131:Rkatsiteli
1076:Chardonnay
1066:Catarratto
1040:by acreage
1014:Biodynamic
977:Aromatized
766:winemaking
620:References
573:Valdepeñas
513:Valdepeñas
496:phylloxera
477:José Peñín
461:Ugni blanc
386:(Málaga),
366:(Cuenca),
362:(Toledo),
360:Villacañas
347:, Málaga,
305:Manzanares
301:Valdepeñas
136:, a white
1590:Noble rot
1480:Winemaker
1460:Sommelier
1396:Wine rack
1376:Wine cork
1366:Wine cave
1356:Screw cap
1326:Corkscrew
1291:New World
1286:Old World
1264:Zinfandel
1239:Mourvèdre
1146:Trebbiano
1086:Colombard
987:Noble rot
967:Fortified
945:Sparkling
912:New World
689:cite book
569:La Mancha
537:La Mancha
517:La Mancha
376:Montefrío
318:Algeciras
277:Trebujena
256:La Mancha
250:In 1807,
221:July 2020
192:does not
87:La Mancha
1605:Pressing
1527:Glossary
1443:Industry
1336:Jug wine
1331:Decanter
1321:Box wine
1219:Isabella
1214:Grenache
1194:Carignan
1141:Sémillon
1126:Riesling
1121:Palomino
864:Ancient
847:Vineyard
842:Veraison
827:Oenology
739:Archived
611:Synonyms
597:uprooted
593:red wine
557:Alicante
529:Albacete
453:Grenache
382:(Jaén),
364:Tarancón
297:Paxarete
269:Sanlúcar
121:Carabaña
1789:Terroir
1747:Related
1595:Vintage
1577:Harvest
1522:Outline
1346:Muselet
1308:storage
1199:Cinsaut
1174:Barbera
1101:Macabeo
1061:Aligoté
1019:Organic
1009:Natural
962:Dessert
907:Georgia
857:History
837:Terroir
832:Species
565:Jumilla
507:Regions
498:crisis.
457:Mazuelo
349:Sevilla
341:Cáceres
330:Albuñol
213:removed
198:sources
173:History
51:Species
1754:Winery
1717:Solera
1341:Kvevri
1229:Merlot
1224:Malbec
1024:Kosher
1000:Other
955:Orange
928:Styles
895:France
719:
677:
605:brandy
581:Layrén
561:Bullas
541:Madrid
533:Cuenca
525:Toledo
465:Merlot
388:Fiñana
353:Toledo
326:Motril
322:Málaga
293:Tarifa
289:Moguer
285:Espera
154:Merlot
104:number
73:Origin
1704:Aging
1254:Syrah
1209:Gamay
1179:Bobal
1091:Glera
1056:Airén
1048:White
1004:Table
992:Straw
982:Fruit
940:White
883:China
762:Wines
736:Airen
671:(PDF)
579:. As
380:Baeza
281:Arcos
273:Xerez
158:vines
142:Spain
138:grape
128:Airén
76:Spain
46:White
35:Vitis
29:Grape
22:Airén
1306:and
1035:Top
950:Rosé
806:Wine
764:and
717:ISBN
695:link
675:ISBN
575:and
531:and
515:and
410:15°.
384:Coin
351:and
334:Adra
303:and
295:and
196:any
194:cite
152:and
102:VIVC
1712:Oak
1161:Red
972:Ice
935:Red
447:In
207:by
108:157
1830::
745:,
703:^
691:}}
687:{{
656:^
607:.
587:.
571:,
567:,
563:,
559:,
547:.
523:,
343:,
332:,
328:,
324:,
291:,
287:,
283:,
279:,
275:,
271:,
160:.
1561:e
1554:t
1547:v
1304:,
798:e
791:t
784:v
725:.
697:)
683:.
234:)
228:(
223:)
219:(
215:.
201:.
38:)
32:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
