168:
249:
1683:
186:
2814:
157:
579:
146:
216:
1088:
196:
2808:
1948:
322:
22:
256:
223:
1710:
The important archaeological site of
Amiranis Gora is located on the northeastern outskirts of Akhaltsikhe. It was excavated by Tariel Chubinishvili. The earliest carbon date for Amiranis Gora is 3790-3373 cal BC. It was obtained from the charcoal of the metallurgical workshop which belonged to the
2162:
Axısxa: Sabirabad r-nunun eyniadlı i.ə.v.-də kənd. Kür çayının sol sahilində, şirvan düzündədir. 1944-cü ildə Gürcüstanın Axısxa r-nundan Qazaxıstana və Orta
Asiyaya sürgün edilmiş, 60-cı illərdə isə Azərbaycana köçmüş türk ailələri tərəfindən salınmış yaşayış məntəqəsi onların köhnə məskənlərinin
649:. The town rose to strategic importance and became a leading hub of the Caucasian slave market. By the late 17th century, the town was home to 400 households, consisting of a mixed population of Turks, Armenians, Georgians, Greeks and Jews.
2178:
The travels of Sir John
Chardin into Persia and the East Indies : the first volume, containing the author's voyage from Paris to Ispahan : to which is added, the coronation of this present king of Persia, Solyman the
2027:
2455:
Kakhiani, Kakha; Sagona, Antonio; Sagona, Claudia; Kvavadze, Eliso; Bedianashvili, Giorgi; Massager, Erwan; Martin, Lucie; Herrscher, Estelle; Martkoplishvili, Inga; Birkett-Rees, Jessie; Longford, Catherine (2013).
1694:
presents a varied and complex array of archaeological features in different locations, elevations and topographies. This includes the alluvial flood-plain of the Kura River, all the way to the high grasslands.
1718:, also known as the Early Transcaucasian Culture. The many references include the architecture, burial practices, material culture and metallurgy. Amiranis Gora is one of the best sites with fixed
2701:
2425:
2147:
1927:
2397:
2562:
Kavtaradze, Giorgi Leon (1999). "The importance of metallurgical data for the formation of a
Central Transcaucasian chronology". In Hauptmann, Andreas (ed.).
3587:
2694:
2591:
The Red and Black: Social and
Cultural Interaction between the Upper Euphrates and Southem Caucasus Communities in the Fourth and Third Millennium BC
2687:
248:
284:
2270:] (in Russian) (72nd ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1917. pp. 206–213. Archived from
1711:
earliest building horizon of
Amiranis Gora This indicates a division of metallurgical production into extractive and processing branches.
2214:
1722:
of the Kura-Araxes culture. The carbon date for the Kura-Araxes material at
Amiranis Gora is 3630-3048 cal B.C., which is very early.
1783:
2351:
2163:
adı ilə adlandırılmışdır. Mənbələrdə axısxa/axsıxa
Axalsix qalasının adı, Axal isə təkə-türkmənlərin yaşadığı yer kimi izah olunur.
635:
took the town. In the ensuing period, the
Ottomans implanted Islam and Ottoman customs. In 1625, the town became the centre of the
2433:
628:
2627:
2132:
2374:"Georgia: Regions, Major Cities & Urban Settlements - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information"
614:
and were allowed to be autonomous. In contemporaneous
Persian and Turkish sources, these Jaqeli rulers were referred to as
1859:, plenipotentiary for the Russian Provisional Government and then for the government of Georgia in Akhaltsikhe (1917–1918)
86:
2710:
2329:
2057:
1702:(4th millennium BC) and later. Artifacts from the Roman and medieval periods are also strongly represented in the area.
58:
2097:
2565:
The Beginnings of Metallurgy: Proceedings of the International Conference "The Beginnings of Metallurgy", Bochum, 1995
1766:, world-famous French singer and songwriter of Armenian descent (father, Michael Aznavourian, was born in Akhaltsikhe)
481:
and the Samtskhe–Javakheti region. It is situated on both banks of the small river Potskhovi (a left tributary of the
3304:
2598:
2573:
1791:
653:
105:
691:
65:
215:
2040:
492:, which was recently restored, is located in the old part of the city. It is one of the main attractions of the
346:
185:
43:
2261:
72:
2114:
1993:
3597:
2813:
39:
195:
3592:
2182:. Getty Research Institute. London : Printed for Moses Pitt in Duke-Street Westminster. p. 168.
664:
599:
54:
1834:
1731:
587:
2090:
Titles and Emoluments in Safavid Iran: A Third Manual of Safavid Administration, by Mirza Naqi Nasiri
1829:
1747:
699:
2036:
1739:
478:
351:
167:
1735:
1715:
32:
3160:
1973:
493:
474:
339:
2218:
1968:
783:
660:
2807:
2160:(in Azerbaijani). Vol. 1. Sharg-Garb Publishing and Printing House. 2007. p. 34.
1904:
1743:
570:
is also named after it, due to the population of the village originating from Akhaltsikhe.
2119:, Harvard Armenian Texts and Studies, vol. 2, Harvard University Press, p. 395,
8:
3487:
1898:
1880:
1862:
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1825:
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672:
79:
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489:
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2507:
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2240:
2128:
2093:
2067:
2022:
1908:
1799:
1682:
1620:
591:
521:
462:
452:
443:
433:
327:
2398:"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020: Akhaltsikhe-37514"
2321:
2176:
1714:
Amiranis Gora is an important reference point for the study of the Early Bronze Age
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2789:
2469:
2373:
2303:
2285:
2120:
1763:
680:
557:
541:
509:
2193:
2124:
485:), which divides the city between the old city in the north and new in the south.
3464:
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3128:
2116:
Colophons of Armenian Manuscripts, 1301-1480: A Source for Middle Eastern History
1914:
1892:
1886:
1874:
1868:
1844:
603:
525:
3480:
3053:
2563:
2052:
2044:
668:
657:
636:
632:
156:
145:
2473:
2458:"Archaeological Investigations at Chobareti in Southern Georgia, the Caucasus"
1901:(?–1668), usurper of the throne of Imereti, fled to Ahiska after being deposed
1087:
3581:
3453:
3259:
3135:
2850:
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2071:
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2032:
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1807:
1499:
595:
578:
501:
299:
286:
2511:
2457:
3444:
3352:
3321:
3180:
2545:
2085:
1769:
1719:
713:
Population and ethnic composition of Akhaltsikhe from the late 19th century
505:
482:
524:
name of the town, which literally means "new fortress". It is attested in
3382:
3254:
3244:
3211:
3205:
2903:
2747:
1938:
1811:
1758:
687:
640:
561:
3469:
3315:
3265:
3022:
2897:
2864:
2762:
2757:
1815:
1699:
3412:
3372:
3286:
3121:
3114:
3078:
3068:
3016:
3006:
2991:
2986:
2871:
2782:
2768:
2737:
2620:
Archaeology in the Borderlands: Investigations in Caucasia and Beyond
2215:"Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей"
1779:
1754:
387:
2504:
Amiranis Gora: Materials on the Ancient History of Meskhet-Javakheti
567:
21:
3474:
3426:
3419:
3387:
3332:
3293:
3279:
3190:
3149:
3102:
3073:
3058:
2976:
2971:
2917:
2910:
2891:
2837:
2796:
2775:
2722:
2615:
2271:
1750:
1691:
2593:. Studi di Preistoria Orientale 2. Università di Roma "Sapienza".
2497:
Amiranis Gora: masalebi Mesxetʻ-Javaxetʻis użvelesi istoriisatʻvis
3565:
3547:
3533:
3519:
3501:
3405:
3398:
3377:
3367:
3361:
3326:
3272:
3249:
3169:
3142:
3108:
3063:
3048:
3033:
3001:
2996:
2965:
2956:
2924:
2752:
2731:
2426:"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010"
1952:
695:
586:
The town is mentioned among the settlements conquered by general
497:
414:
3526:
3494:
3392:
3339:
3218:
3200:
3175:
3083:
3042:
2931:
2843:
2831:
2822:
1956:
1947:
1787:
611:
468:
392:
334:
2500:ამირანის გორა: მასალები მესხეთ-ჯავახეთის უძველესი ისტორიისთვის
3459:
3185:
2981:
2945:
2882:
2857:
2742:
2534:
Ancient Cultures of Southern Caucasus (5th-3rd millennia BCE)
1838:
1099:
Climate data for Akhaltsikhe (1991–2020, extremes 1981-2020)
646:
2454:
3540:
3195:
3011:
2429:
2404:
1803:
1668:
2709:
2527:
Drevnie kulʹtury I︠U︡zhnogo Kavkaza: (V-III tys. do n.ė.)
1928:
List of twin towns and sister cities in Georgia (country)
2524:
619:
466:
2113:
Sanjian, Avetis K. (2013), Sanjian, Avedis K. (ed.),
1725:
551:
545:
2645:
The People of the Hills, Ancient Ararat and Caucasus
2618:. In Smith, Adam T.; Rubinson, Karen Sydney (eds.).
2616:"On the Origins of the Kura-Araxes Cultural Complex"
2530:Древние культуры Южного Кавказа (V-III тыс. до н.э.)
535:
529:
2622:. Cotsen Institute of Archaeology. pp. 38–94.
2506:] (in Georgian). Tbilisi: Sabchota Saqartvelo.
1895:(1858–1911), Georgian Catholic priest and historian
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2175:Chardin, John; Pitt, Moses; Loggan, David (1686).
2026:
2525:Kushnareva, K. Kh.; Chubinishvili, T. N. (1970).
2174:
1690:The highland environment between Akhaltsikhe and
3579:
2092:. Washington, DC: Mage Publishers. p. 140.
2613:
2154:Encyclopedic Dictionary of Azerbaijani Toponyms
1932:
2643:Burney, Charles; Lang, David Marshall (1971).
2430:National Centers for Environmental Information
2405:National Centers for Environmental Information
656:, Russian troops under the command of General
456:
437:
128:
2695:
2352:"Ethnic composition, all places: 2014 census"
2149:Azərbaycan Toponimlərinin Ensiklopedik Lüğəti
1883:, governor general of Akhaltsikhe (1919–1920)
1698:Human habitation is attested already in the
679:, becoming the administrative centre of the
1917:(1937–1991), Soviet Armenian soprano singer
686:In the late 1980s the city was host to the
2702:
2688:
2642:
2614:Kiguradze, Tamaz; Sagona, Antonio (2003).
2561:
2418:
2058:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1921:
2494:
1828:(1868–1938), first prime minister of the
477:. It is the administrative center of the
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
2021:
1681:
1086:
671:. The city initially become part of the
577:
2588:
2112:
1996:. National Statistics Office of Georgia
606:, who ruled the feudal principality of
3588:Cities and towns in Samtskhe–Javakheti
3580:
2683:
2557:
2555:
2332:from the original on 20 December 2020
2084:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
1784:Servites of the Immaculate Conception
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
442:
2568:. Bochum: Deutsches Bergbau-Museum.
2390:
1911:, fled to Ahiska after a failed coup
1847:(1909–1978), painter and illustrator
702:after the fall of the Soviet Union.
624:—the name of several Jaqeli rulers.
118:Place in Samtskhe–Javakheti, Georgia
44:adding citations to reliable sources
15:
1853:(1883–1959), Soviet Armenian artist
255:
222:
13:
2552:
2008:
1726:People associated with Akhaltsikhe
663:and, as a consequence of the 1829
610:, were invested with the title of
235:Location of Akhaltsikhe in Georgia
14:
3609:
2322:"Ethnic composition: 1979 census"
2812:
2806:
2263:Кавказский календарь на 1917 год
1946:
1814:and buried in the mass grave at
1705:
692:10th Guards Motor Rifle Division
629:Ottoman–Safavid War of 1578–1590
320:
268:Akhaltsikhe (Samtskhe-Javakheti)
254:
247:
221:
214:
194:
184:
166:
155:
144:
20:
2723:Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia
2651:
2636:
2607:
2582:
2536:] (in Russian). Leningrad:
2518:
2488:
2448:
2366:
2344:
2314:
2296:
2278:
2254:
645:and it held a resident Ottoman
639:of the Ottoman Empire known as
31:needs additional citations for
2233:
2207:
2186:
2168:
2140:
2106:
2078:
1986:
1792:Georgian Greek Catholic Church
1677:
654:Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829
271:Show map of Samtskhe-Javakheti
1:
2823:Autonomous Republic of Adjara
2125:10.4159/harvard.9780674432635
1979:
1772:, rabbi at Akhaltsikhe (1918)
705:
566:. The Azerbaijani village of
3512:Cities with local government
2462:Ancient Near Eastern Studies
2241:"АХАЛЦИХСКИЙ УЕЗД (1897 г.)"
1933:Twin towns and sister cities
641:
600:Mongol domination of Georgia
562:
369:1,029 m (3,376 ft)
7:
2268:Caucasian calendar for 1917
1962:
1572:Average precipitation days
1358:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1218:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
620:
552:
546:
536:
530:
515:
490:Akhaltsikhe (Rabati) Castle
467:
10:
3614:
2804:
2711:Cities, towns and townlets
1925:
1835:Ahmed-Pasha Khimshiashvili
1732:Gregorio Pietro Agagianian
1666:
1098:
1082:
588:Habib ibn Maslama al-Fihri
573:
3557:
3511:
3443:
3351:
3303:
3228:
3159:
3092:
3032:
2955:
2881:
2821:
2721:
2474:10.2143/ANES.50.0.2975510
2308:www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru
2290:www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru
1899:Vakhtang Tchutchunashvili
1830:First Republic of Armenia
1618:
1571:
1497:
1427:
1357:
1287:
1217:
1147:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
737:
719:
457:
438:
409:
399:
386:
378:
373:
365:
357:
345:
333:
315:
280:
208:
180:
137:
129:
123:
2529:
2499:
2304:"Ахалцихский район 1959"
1740:Armenian Catholic Church
479:Akhaltsikhe Municipality
2286:"Ахалцихский уезд 1926"
2066:. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
1994:"Population by regions"
1922:International relations
3161:Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti
1865:, Armenian academician
1687:
1686:Streets of Akhaltsikhe
1092:
667:, it was ceded to the
602:, local rulers of the
598:(661–680). During the
583:
461:), is a small city in
2495:Chubinishvili, T. N.
2378:www.citypopulation.de
1969:Battle of Akhaltsikhe
1685:
1090:
618:, which derives from
581:
465:southwestern region (
447:), formerly known as
300:41.63889°N 42.98611°E
2647:. New York: Praeger.
2589:Palumbi, G. (2008).
2540:. p. 114, fig. 5.1.
2362:on 20 December 2020.
1871:, Armenian historian
1736:Patriarch of Cilicia
1148:Record high °C (°F)
700:Georgian land forces
665:Treaty of Adrianople
652:In 1828, during the
627:In 1579, during the
590:during the reign of
444:[aχaɫtsʰiχe]
40:improve this article
3598:Kura-Araxes culture
3305:Racha-Lechkhumi and
2356:pop-stat.mashke.org
2326:pop-stat.mashke.org
2274:on 4 November 2021.
1889:, Georgian composer
1881:Giorgi Mazniashvili
1863:Stepan Malkhasyants
1857:Shalva Maglakelidze
1826:Hovhannes Kajaznuni
1820:Republic of Karelia
1796:Solovki prison camp
1716:Kura–Araxes culture
1428:Record low °C (°F)
1288:Daily mean °C (°F)
1091:View of Akhaltsikhe
716:
673:Kutaisi Governorate
582:Akhaltsikhe c. 1887
520:Akhaltsikhe is the
496:region, along with
296: /
238:Show map of Georgia
3593:Tiflis Governorate
3230:Samtskhe-Javakheti
2221:on August 18, 2016
2194:"население грузии"
2041:Lévi-Provençal, E.
1974:Samtskhe–Javakheti
1794:, and survivor of
1776:Shio Batmanishvili
1688:
1093:
710:
677:Tiflis Governorate
608:Samtskhe-Saatabago
584:
494:Samtskhe–Javakheti
475:Samtskhe–Javakheti
379: • Total
340:Samtskhe–Javakheti
305:41.63889; 42.98611
3575:
3574:
3094:Mtskheta-Mtianeti
2629:978-1-931745-01-7
2436:on 9 October 2021
2134:978-0-674-43263-5
1674:
1673:
1621:relative humidity
1080:
1079:
694:, which became a
661:captured the city
550:(also spelled as
427:
426:
116:
115:
108:
90:
3605:
2939:Kveda Nasakirali
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2810:
2704:
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2522:
2516:
2515:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2432:. Archived from
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2402:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2358:. Archived from
2348:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2217:. Archived from
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2159:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2086:Floor, Willem M.
2082:
2076:
2075:
2030:
2019:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1990:
1951:
1950:
1764:Charles Aznavour
1748:Eastern Catholic
1700:Early Bronze Age
1575:
1096:
1095:
717:
715:
709:
681:Akhaltsikhe uezd
644:
623:
565:
555:
549:
539:
533:
488:The 9th-century
472:
460:
459:
446:
441:
440:
423:
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416:
326:
324:
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311:
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297:
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289:
272:
258:
257:
251:
239:
225:
224:
218:
198:
188:
170:
159:
148:
132:
131:
121:
120:
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
3613:
3612:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3553:
3507:
3439:
3347:
3306:
3299:
3224:
3155:
3088:
3028:
2951:
2877:
2817:
2811:
2802:
2717:
2708:
2678:
2677:
2668:
2666:
2663:Website Ardahan
2659:"About Ardahan"
2657:
2656:
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2601:
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2583:
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2560:
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2523:
2519:
2501:
2493:
2489:
2453:
2449:
2439:
2437:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2409:
2407:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2382:
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2335:
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2320:
2319:
2315:
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2301:
2297:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2260:
2259:
2255:
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2243:
2239:
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2234:
2224:
2222:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2173:
2169:
2157:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2111:
2107:
2100:
2083:
2079:
2020:
2009:
1999:
1997:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1982:
1965:
1945:
1937:Akhaltsikhe is
1935:
1930:
1924:
1915:Lusine Zakaryan
1893:Michel Tamarati
1887:Natela Svanidze
1875:Palavandishvili
1869:Hakob Manandian
1845:Sergo Kobuladze
1753:since Cardinal
1728:
1708:
1680:
1675:
1573:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
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1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1085:
711:
708:
637:Akhalzik Eyalet
604:House of Jaqeli
576:
518:
413:
405:
395:(Georgian Time)
321:
319:
304:
302:
298:
295:
290:
287:
285:
283:
282:
276:
275:
274:
273:
270:
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242:
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176:
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162:
161:
160:
151:
150:
149:
133:
126:
119:
112:
101:
95:
92:
49:
47:
37:
25:
12:
11:
5:
3611:
3601:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3573:
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3569:
3561:
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3252:
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3090:
3089:
3087:
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3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3054:Dedoplistsqaro
3051:
3046:
3038:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
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2253:
2232:
2206:
2185:
2167:
2139:
2133:
2105:
2099:978-1933823232
2098:
2077:
2037:Kramers, J. H.
2033:Gibb, H. A. R.
2028:"Ak̲h̲isk̲h̲a"
2007:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1934:
1931:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1912:
1909:King of Kartli
1902:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1878:
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1866:
1860:
1854:
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747:
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739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
707:
704:
675:, then of the
669:Russian Empire
658:Ivan Paskevich
575:
572:
517:
514:
425:
424:
411:
407:
406:
403:
401:
397:
396:
390:
384:
383:
380:
376:
375:
371:
370:
367:
363:
362:
359:
355:
354:
349:
343:
342:
337:
331:
330:
317:
313:
312:
278:
277:
267:
261:
260:
253:
252:
246:
245:
244:
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228:
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219:
213:
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211:
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199:
193:
189:
183:
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165:
164:
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154:
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152:
143:
142:
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138:
135:
134:
127:
124:
117:
114:
113:
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3610:
3599:
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3517:
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3334:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3307:Kvemo Svaneti
3302:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
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3182:
3179:
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3167:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3136:Stepantsminda
3133:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
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3097:
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3091:
3085:
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3077:
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2820:
2815:
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2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2705:
2700:
2698:
2693:
2691:
2686:
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2682:
2664:
2660:
2654:
2646:
2639:
2631:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2610:
2602:
2600:9788890424007
2596:
2592:
2585:
2577:
2575:9783921533635
2571:
2567:
2566:
2558:
2556:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2513:
2509:
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2479:
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2463:
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2435:
2431:
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2406:
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2393:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2317:
2309:
2305:
2299:
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2287:
2281:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2257:
2242:
2236:
2220:
2216:
2210:
2195:
2189:
2181:
2180:
2171:
2164:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2109:
2101:
2095:
2091:
2087:
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2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
1995:
1989:
1985:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1929:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1851:Hakob Kojoyan
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1808:Joseph Stalin
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1734:(1895–1971),
1733:
1730:
1729:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1706:Amiranis Gora
1703:
1701:
1696:
1693:
1684:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
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1625:
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1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
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1583:
1580:
1577:
1570:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1501:
1500:precipitation
1496:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1102:
1097:
1089:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
982:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
901:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
785:
782:
781:
778:
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
741:
718:
714:
703:
701:
697:
693:
689:
684:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
659:
655:
650:
648:
643:
638:
634:
630:
625:
622:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
580:
571:
569:
564:
559:
554:
548:
543:
538:
532:
527:
523:
513:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
486:
484:
480:
476:
471:
470:
464:
454:
450:
445:
435:
431:
422:
412:
408:
402:
398:
394:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
353:
350:
348:
344:
341:
338:
336:
332:
329:
318:
314:
309:
281:Coordinates:
279:
250:
217:
207:
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96:December 2009
88:
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71:
67:
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60:
57: –
56:
55:"Akhaltsikhe"
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
3564:
3558:Capital city
3546:
3539:
3532:
3525:
3518:
3500:
3493:
3486:
3479:
3452:
3445:Shida Kartli
3432:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3360:
3353:Kvemo Kartli
3338:
3331:
3314:
3292:
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2849:
2842:
2830:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2774:
2767:
2738:Akhali Atoni
2730:
2667:. Retrieved
2665:(in Turkmen)
2662:
2653:
2644:
2638:
2619:
2609:
2590:
2584:
2564:
2533:
2526:
2520:
2503:
2496:
2490:
2465:
2461:
2450:
2438:. Retrieved
2434:the original
2420:
2408:. Retrieved
2392:
2381:. Retrieved
2377:
2368:
2360:the original
2355:
2346:
2334:. Retrieved
2325:
2316:
2307:
2298:
2289:
2280:
2272:the original
2267:
2262:
2256:
2244:. Retrieved
2235:
2223:. Retrieved
2219:the original
2209:
2197:. Retrieved
2188:
2177:
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2161:
2153:
2148:
2142:
2115:
2108:
2089:
2080:
2063:
2056:
2023:Minorsky, V.
1998:. Retrieved
1988:
1936:
1770:David Baazov
1746:, and first
1720:stratigraphy
1713:
1709:
1697:
1689:
1502:mm (inches)
1074:
976:
936:
858:
818:
776:
712:
685:
651:
626:
615:
585:
519:
487:
448:
429:
428:
347:Municipality
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
3383:Tetritsqaro
3255:Ninotsminda
3245:Akhalkalaki
3239:Akhaltsikhe
3212:Chkhorotsqu
3206:Tsalenjikha
2904:Chokhatauri
2336:20 December
2053:Pellat, Ch.
2045:Schacht, J.
1812:Great Purge
1759:Renaissance
1757:during the
1678:Archaeology
688:Soviet Army
560:sources as
528:sources as
506:Okrostsikhe
430:Akhaltsikhe
415:akhaltsikhe
400:Postal code
352:Akhaltsikhe
303: /
262:Akhaltsikhe
229:Akhaltsikhe
125:Akhaltsikhe
3582:Categories
3470:Tskhinvali
3316:Ambrolauri
3266:Abastumani
3023:Kharagauli
2898:Lanchkhuti
2865:Ochkhamuri
2763:Tkvarcheli
2758:Ochamchire
2669:2022-03-02
2383:2023-06-28
2246:October 8,
2225:October 8,
2199:October 8,
1980:References
1926:See also:
1905:Vakhtang V
1837:(?–1836),
1816:Sandarmokh
1574:(≥ 1.0 mm)
726:Armenians
723:Georgians
706:Population
596:Mu'awiya I
556:), and in
553:Akheshkheh
537:Akhsikhath
374:Population
291:42°59′10″E
288:41°38′20″N
66:newspapers
3413:Khramhesi
3373:Gardabani
3287:Bakuriani
3122:Pasanauri
3115:Akhalgori
3079:Sighnaghi
3069:Lagodekhi
3017:Zestaponi
3007:Tsqaltubo
2992:Samtredia
2987:Sachkhere
2872:Shuakhevi
2790:Leselidze
2783:Gulripshi
2769:Bichvinta
2482:1378-4641
2468:: 1–138.
2440:9 October
2072:495469456
2062:Volume I:
2049:Lewis, B.
1841:of Ahiska
1780:hieromonk
1755:Bessarion
729:Russians
621:Qvarqvare
463:Georgia's
388:Time zone
366:Elevation
3475:Khashuri
3434:Trialeti
3427:Tamarisi
3420:Manglisi
3388:Marneuli
3333:Lentekhi
3294:Tsagveri
3280:Aspindza
3191:Martvili
3150:Zhinvali
3103:Mtskheta
3074:Sagarejo
3059:Gurjaani
2977:Chiatura
2972:Baghdati
2918:Gomismta
2911:Bakhmaro
2892:Ozurgeti
2838:Kobuleti
2776:Gantiadi
2512:21445209
2410:16 March
2330:Archived
2088:(2008).
2055:(eds.).
2025:(1960).
2000:28 April
1963:See also
1800:Martyred
1786:, first
1751:papabile
1744:Cardinal
1738:and the
1692:Aspindza
1667:Source:
1619:Average
1567:(20.88)
1498:Average
1493:(−13.9)
1488:(−11.7)
1433:(−13.9)
1213:(104.9)
1188:(104.0)
1183:(104.9)
633:Ottomans
547:Akhesqeh
531:Akhiskha
522:Georgian
516:Toponymy
453:Georgian
439:ახალციხე
434:Georgian
130:ახალციხე
3566:Tbilisi
3548:Rustavi
3534:Kutaisi
3520:Tbilisi
3502:Kornisi
3406:Kazreti
3399:Bediani
3378:Dmanisi
3368:Bolnisi
3362:Rustavi
3327:Tsageri
3273:Adigeni
3250:Borjomi
3170:Zugdidi
3143:Tianeti
3109:Dusheti
3064:Kvareli
3049:Akhmeta
3034:Kakheti
3002:Tkibuli
2997:Terjola
2966:Kutaisi
2957:Imereti
2925:Laituri
2797:Miusera
2753:Gudauta
2732:Sukhumi
2715:Georgia
2546:3011868
1953:Ardahan
1939:twinned
1818:in the
1806:during
1802:by the
1790:of the
1782:of the
1562:(0.99)
1557:(1.22)
1552:(1.65)
1547:(1.57)
1542:(2.03)
1537:(2.30)
1532:(2.96)
1527:(2.97)
1522:(1.91)
1517:(1.44)
1512:(0.96)
1507:(0.88)
1483:(−3.1)
1478:(18.5)
1473:(29.3)
1468:(34.7)
1463:(39.4)
1458:(31.3)
1453:(27.0)
1443:(−6.5)
1438:(−8.0)
1423:(38.5)
1418:(22.6)
1413:(30.0)
1408:(40.5)
1403:(49.3)
1398:(57.4)
1393:(57.9)
1388:(52.3)
1383:(45.3)
1378:(36.5)
1373:(28.8)
1368:(21.6)
1363:(19.6)
1353:(49.1)
1348:(30.2)
1343:(39.0)
1338:(51.4)
1333:(61.9)
1328:(70.0)
1323:(69.8)
1318:(63.9)
1313:(57.0)
1308:(48.4)
1303:(39.2)
1298:(30.4)
1293:(27.3)
1283:(63.3)
1278:(41.2)
1273:(52.2)
1268:(66.4)
1263:(78.1)
1258:(86.5)
1253:(85.1)
1248:(79.0)
1243:(72.1)
1238:(63.7)
1233:(53.2)
1228:(42.8)
1223:(38.5)
1208:(63.5)
1203:(78.8)
1198:(95.2)
1193:(98.6)
1178:(97.9)
1173:(91.2)
1168:(87.6)
1163:(78.8)
1158:(68.0)
1153:(58.1)
1083:Climate
1046:17,903
1016:12,838
1008:24,570
952:10,278
912:14,341
898:12,310
834:18,165
752:10,417
735:Others
698:of the
696:brigade
616:Ḳurḳūra
594:Caliph
592:Umayyad
574:History
558:Turkish
542:Persian
498:Vardzia
410:Website
358:Founded
328:Georgia
316:Country
80:scholar
3527:Batumi
3495:Surami
3465:Kareli
3393:Tsalka
3340:Kvaisa
3219:Mestia
3201:Senaki
3176:Abasha
3084:Tsnori
3043:Telavi
2932:Naruja
2844:Chakvi
2832:Batumi
2626:
2597:
2572:
2544:
2510:
2480:
2156:]
2131:
2096:
2070:
2051:&
1957:Turkey
1941:with:
1877:family
1788:Exarch
1448:(6.6)
1104:Month
1075:16,943
1037:0.06%
1025:26.7%
1022:4,781
1019:71.7%
977:19,587
970:1,050
961:11.3%
958:2,208
955:52.5%
949:29.2%
946:5,714
937:26,497
930:1,478
921:13.2%
918:3,509
915:54.1%
909:25.7%
906:6,801
895:20.0%
892:2,458
883:11.6%
880:1,425
877:52.9%
874:6,516
871:14.8%
868:1,817
859:25,470
849:12.7%
846:3,246
837:71.3%
831:10.9%
828:2,783
819:15,357
812:1,134
800:1,172
797:58.8%
794:9,035
791:23.3%
788:3,578
777:16,116
767:15.8%
764:2,545
755:64.6%
746:2,733
738:Total
642:Ahıska
631:, the
612:atabeg
568:Axısxa
563:Ahıska
540:), in
526:Arabic
510:Zarzma
469:mkhare
458:ლომსია
455::
449:Lomsia
436::
382:17,287
335:Region
325:
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
3481:Agara
3460:Kaspi
3186:Khobi
3181:Jvari
3129:Sioni
2982:Khoni
2946:Ureki
2883:Guria
2858:Khulo
2743:Gagra
2538:Nauka
2532:[
2502:[
2401:(CSV)
2266:[
2179:Third
2158:(PDF)
2152:[
2031:. In
1839:Pasha
1662:75.0
1659:82.2
1656:80.3
1653:76.6
1650:71.4
1647:68.8
1644:70.2
1641:73.7
1638:73.6
1635:71.9
1632:72.9
1629:77.7
1614:90.1
1590:12.4
1565:530.5
1491:−25.5
1486:−24.3
1481:−19.5
1446:−14.1
1441:−21.4
1436:−22.2
1431:−25.5
1143:Year
1051:2023
1043:1.1%
1031:0.4%
1013:2014
973:5.4%
967:1.7%
943:1979
933:5.6%
927:1.4%
903:1959
889:0.8%
865:1926
855:2.2%
843:2.8%
825:1916
815:3.4%
809:2.9%
803:7.3%
773:1.7%
761:0.9%
743:1886
732:Jews
720:Year
647:pasha
534:(and
473:) of
393:UTC+4
87:JSTOR
73:books
3541:Poti
3488:Java
3454:Gori
3260:Vale
3196:Poti
3012:Vani
2851:Keda
2748:Gali
2624:ISBN
2595:ISBN
2570:ISBN
2542:OCLC
2508:OCLC
2478:ISSN
2442:2021
2412:2024
2338:2020
2248:2016
2227:2016
2201:2016
2129:ISBN
2094:ISBN
2068:OCLC
2002:2024
1804:NKVD
1669:NOAA
1623:(%)
1611:5.6
1608:5.4
1605:7.3
1602:6.5
1599:7.8
1596:8.1
1587:8.6
1584:6.8
1581:5.5
1578:5.1
1560:25.2
1555:31.1
1550:41.9
1545:39.9
1540:51.5
1535:58.4
1530:75.1
1525:75.5
1520:48.6
1515:36.5
1510:24.5
1505:22.3
1476:−7.5
1471:−1.5
1456:−0.4
1451:−2.8
1416:−5.2
1411:−1.1
1396:14.1
1391:14.4
1386:11.3
1371:−1.8
1366:−5.8
1361:−6.9
1346:−1.0
1336:10.8
1331:16.6
1326:21.1
1321:21.0
1316:17.7
1311:13.9
1296:−0.9
1291:−2.6
1281:17.4
1271:11.2
1266:19.1
1261:25.6
1256:30.3
1251:29.5
1246:26.1
1241:22.3
1236:17.6
1231:11.8
1211:40.5
1206:17.5
1201:26.0
1196:35.1
1191:37.0
1186:40.0
1181:40.5
1176:36.6
1171:32.9
1166:30.9
1161:26.0
1156:20.0
1151:14.5
1140:Dec
1137:Nov
1134:Oct
1131:Sep
1128:Aug
1125:Jul
1122:Jun
1119:May
1116:Apr
1113:Mar
1110:Feb
1107:Jan
1040:198
984:1989
964:337
924:368
852:560
840:716
806:438
784:1897
770:275
758:146
749:17%
508:and
502:Vale
483:Kura
417:.gov
404:0800
361:1200
200:Seal
190:Flag
59:news
3322:Oni
2713:in
2470:doi
2121:doi
2064:A–B
1810:'s
1626:81
1593:11
1466:1.5
1461:4.1
1421:3.6
1406:4.7
1401:9.6
1381:7.4
1376:2.5
1351:9.5
1341:3.9
1306:9.1
1301:4.0
1276:5.1
1226:6.0
1221:3.6
1034:11
1028:75
886:94
690:'s
544:as
421:/en
419:.ge
42:by
3584::
2661:.
2554:^
2476:.
2466:50
2464:.
2460:.
2428:.
2403:.
2376:.
2354:.
2328:.
2324:.
2306:.
2288:.
2127:,
2060:.
2047:;
2043:;
2039:;
2035:;
2010:^
1955:,
1907:,
1798:.
1778:,
1742:,
683:.
512:.
504:,
500:,
2703:e
2696:t
2689:v
2672:.
2632:.
2603:.
2578:.
2548:.
2514:.
2484:.
2472::
2444:.
2414:.
2386:.
2340:.
2310:.
2292:.
2250:.
2229:.
2203:.
2123::
2102:.
2074:.
2004:.
1822:.
451:(
432:(
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
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