603:, stated that "the Chinese court's decision to execute Akmal Shaikh was completely appropriate ... the denial of mental evaluation was legitimate and consistent with legal precedent". Xue Jinzhan said the administration of the death penalty related to a country's history, culture and other conditions: "It's human nature to plead for a criminal who is from the same country or the same family, but judicial independence should be fully respected and everyone should be equal before the law"; Wang said it was understandable that British media ran emotional stories and local people reacted with sorrow or anger as Britain did not retain the death penalty. "But one country should respect judicial independence of another country, without any interference in internal affairs."
479:, Shaikh's November trial lasted half an hour; he also said that the trial court initially agreed to allow a psychiatric evaluation of Shaikh, but subsequently refused it. Xinhua stated that the court's decision to refuse a mental assessment was based on PRC laws requiring defendants to first provide past medical records showing evidence of a mental disorder before such evaluations could be undertaken. Xinhua also reported the Supreme People's Court's view that medical records provided by the British Embassy contained no documentary evidence to support claims of Shaikh's condition. Although the Chinese authorities state he was provided with interpretation during his trials,
641:, the group which mounted his campaign, said they had passed on new evidence and testimonials from six people who knew Akmal in Poland that they had received in the final 24 hours which the Chinese government had not acknowledged receiving at the time of the execution. Sally Rowan, their legal director, said that any talk of 'special treatment' was "ridiculous"– as Chinese law has provisions to protect those with mental illness, but they chose not to invoke them. Rowan condemned the execution of an incompetent man as "barbaric". Other mental health charities echoed the sentiments.
467:
video footage taken during the baggage check was "overwhelmingly against Shaikh"; he did not play in court some of the video footage recorded because it was too incriminating. Cao advised Shaikh to undergo a mental evaluation, which he initially refused, arguing that he was not mentally ill. Upon his lawyer's insistence, he made a statement requesting an evaluation to prove that he was mentally sound, but which also said that neither he nor his family had any history of mental illnesses.
33:
802:, said that Britain and China should respect each other's differences in ideology and moral standards, rather than "using their own moral standards to judge, condemn and demonise China." Citing polls and comments on websites of British press, the Chinese media also reported how politicians' outcry was "unrepresentative" of the vast majority of Britons' understanding of and support for China's action.
515:) on 29 December 2009 at the Xishan Detention Centre in Ürümqi. Family members and British consular officials were refused access to Shaikh during the final hours by the Chinese authorities, and were not allowed to witness the execution. According to Reprieve, Shaikh was the first national of an EU member state to be executed in China in over 50 years. Officials say he was given a
858:, an expert in Chinese law, commented in the US-Asia Law Institute that the main legal issue was the refusal of a psychiatric examination, and that China may review its judicial process in this regard both in light of international criticism, and internal pressure as the country "shares the world's abhorrence of punishing mentally irresponsible people" and after the execution of
543:, who said there were "strong indications" that Shaikh may have had a mental illness. He also said: "Both Chinese and international law clearly indicate that a person who committed a crime while suffering from significant mental illness should not be subjected to the death penalty," and that "xecuting a mentally ill man would be a major step backwards for China."
266:; the Chinese ambassador to London was summoned twice to meet British Foreign Office ministers, once after the execution. Senior British politicians strongly condemned the execution, and were disappointed that clemency was not granted, while human rights groups and some Western legal experts in Chinese law criticised the lack of due process;
547:
loved by his family. He was concerned at the effect his execution would have on their mother: "She is a frail woman, and our family have not been able to break the news to her that she may lose her youngest child next week." Akmal's children said their father had been "seriously ill for much of his life", and pleaded for a reprieve.
383:. Chinese press reports that Saunders was told by Shaikh that he had started a business in Poland, before they met, but which he was forced to abandon due to a conspiracy against him. Shaikh wrote a song, "Come Little Rabbit", which Saunders said Shaikh pestered him and fellow Briton Paul Newberry into recording.
387:, an organisation working against the death penalty, campaigned for his release following his arrest in China. A recording of this 'out of tune' song, whose lyrics include a refrain 'Only one world, only one people, only one God', was released by Reprieve to raise awareness for their campaign to save him.
630:
Human rights organisations condemned China's refusal to consider Shaikh's alleged psychological illness as a denial of justice. However, some
British commentators were largely sympathetic to, if not supportive of, the hard-line Chinese stance against drug smuggling, and accepted there was little else
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When his cousins, Soohail and Nasir Shaikh, arrived in Ürümqi to spend time with him at the hospital in Ürümqi the day before the execution, they also made a last-minute petition to the local court for a stay of execution; they and
British embassy officials delivered a plea for mercy to president Hu
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in his double-layered suitcase." It added that "the court had no reason not to consider the plaintiff's alleged mental illness if he showed any signs of suffering from it while he was in jail." It further asserted that the claims of his family were contradicted by Shaikh himself, who denied having a
572:
Dr Peter
Schaapveld, clinical and forensic psychologist engaged by Reprieve, was sent to China but was not allowed direct access to Shaikh. However, through 15 minutes' access given to Foreign Office officials to interview Shaikh, Dr Schaapveld said he was able to deduce "with 99 per cent certainty"
470:
The
Supreme People's Court ruled that documents provided by the British Embassy in Beijing and Reprieve in support of the request for a psychiatric assessment did not prove that Shaikh had a mental disorder; nor was there a history of mental disease in his family. His lawyer, Cao, confirmed that the
789:
showed 77.5% in favour of the execution and 16% opposing. Vocal supporters included overseas
Chinese, legal specialists, government officials as well as journalists. A professor at the Shanghai Institute for European Studies accused Labour politicians of trying to capitalise on the issue of China's
546:
His family, which had lost touch with him when he left for Poland, also pleaded for mercy: in a letter to the
Chinese Ambassador, his elder brother Akbar wrote that his brother's life had been destroyed by mental illness; Akbar maintained that Shaikh was kind and harmless when healthy, and was much
425:
on his person. Reprieve said that Shaikh claimed the suitcase was not his; and he cooperated with the
Chinese authorities in an attempt to catch "Okole", who was supposed to arrive on the next plane, but who never turned up. According to the British media, the British Government was informed of the
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Shaikh's ex-wife reported him to Polish police for using threatening behaviour against her and her children; she later withdrew her statement, and the case never went to court. In 2006, he was sentenced by a Polish court to one year in jail (suspended for four years) for driving under the influence
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said the refusal to assess Shaikh's mental health was a violation of international law. The
Chinese embassy in Britain said Shaikh had no "previous medical record" of mental illness and that his "rights and interests were properly respected and guaranteed". It said the Chinese stance underlined the
644:
Shaikh's family was saddened by the execution, but was split as to whether the UK establishment had done all it could to secure humanitarian treatment. Shaikh's cousins
Soohail and Nasir Shaikh praised the efforts of Gordon Brown, British ministers and Reprieve. Two other cousins, Amina and Ridwan
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article, one of the two lawyers representing Shaikh during his second trial, Mr. Cao Hong, said that the key defence argument was Shaikh's ignorance of the drug he was transporting. Cao said the official documents, baggage examination reports from the record of his arrest, as well as pictures and
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A final appeal to the
Supreme People's Court for an independent assessment of his mental condition failed on 21 December 2009, and his execution date was set for 29 December. Shaikh was not told of his impending execution throughout this time "for humanitarian reasons". Shaikh was visited by two
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said the administration of the death penalty related to a country's history, culture and other conditions: "It's human nature to plead for a criminal who is from the same country or the same family, but judicial independence should be fully respected and everyone should be equal before the law."
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that he felt if the British government had been more discreet Shaikh might have been reprieved, and that "if we wish to influence China on capital punishment, a little historical humility may be in order". British commentators critical of the UK government's response were Josephine McDermott of
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The Chinese authorities reacted angrily to the "foreign interference", citing "the bitter memory" of China under foreign imperialism; and stressing that all legal procedures to safeguard the defendant had been complied with. The Chinese public was cited as being overwhelmingly in support of the
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Chen Dong, Director of the Ürümqi Legal Aid Center, was appointed to represent Shaikh, who was tried in November 2007. Defence asserted to the court that Shaikh knew nothing of the drugs, and that he did not knowingly smuggle the narcotics. Shaikh was found guilty. On 29 October 2008, after two
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felt that the Chinese authorities had consolidated their position domestically by giving the impression to Chinese citizens that the government will "protect them the best way it knows how from the mentally unstable, whether they are carrying machetes or suitcases full of drugs", and Ireland's
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said, "Nobody has the right to speak ill of China's judicial sovereignty. We express our strong dissatisfaction and opposition to the British Government's unreasonable criticism of the case. We urge the British to correct their mistake in order to avoid harming China–UK relations." The Chinese
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of pop stardom were symptomatic of his condition, and may have made him especially susceptible to confidence tricks. Akmal's former solicitor described his client as "charming and charismatic". The lawyer said that "By the time he went over to Poland you could not even sit down and have a
461:
His case was heard in the second instance on 26 May 2009. At his second trial, Reprieve said Shaikh defended himself with a "rambling and often incoherent" speech lasting 50 minutes and which was "greeted with incredulity and sometimes mirth by court officials." According to the
670:, who expressed concerns that a mental health assessment was not done, and that clemency requests had not been granted; others were critical of the UK government's reaction; and some were fairly neutral. Among the journalists who supported the UK government's stance were
334:
10,255.97 damages and unpaid wages, which he subsequently never paid. Shaikh and his son, Abdul-Jabbar, both failed to attend the tribunal hearings for the harassment case and sold the business to another minicab firm. Shaikh's first marriage ended in divorce in 2004.
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as a reason for the "strong resentment" felt by the Chinese public to drug traffickers and foreign (especially British) interference. A biannual summit session between China and the UK on human rights scheduled for early January was "postponed" by China in what
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was one celebrity who joined the campaign for clemency. Reprieve also released hundreds of emails that Shaikh had sent in 2007 to embassy staff in Warsaw and to a group of 74 individuals and organisations including Tony Blair. Campaigners argued that Shaikh's
238:
to prove he was sane, but the requests were refused by Chinese authorities on the grounds that PRC laws required defendants to first provide past medical records showing evidence of a mental disorder before such evaluations could be undertaken. Appeals for
649:
that questioned the effectiveness of the government's approach. They criticised the "sporadic media attention" about their cousin's plight for two years, and accused the government of acting out its powerlessness in the face of China's economic might.
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felt the execution highlighted the injustice of the death penalty, particularly in China, and called on all countries to press the Chinese government to improve the legal proceedings for defendants, especially those facing the death penalty.
615:
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in north-west China. Shaikh claimed he was told he would have to travel alone to China as the flight was full; "Okole" allegedly gave him a suitcase to carry, and promised he would take the next flight. Shaikh was arrested on his arrival at
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Embassy in London said "The legal structures of China and UK may be different, but it should not stand in the way of enhancing our bilateral relations on the basis of mutual respect." Further, the Embassy cited "the bitter memory" of the
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of 84.2% purity; Alerted by Shaikh's nervous and circumspect behaviour, customs officers searched and found the drugs hidden in a compartment of his case, which was "practically empty" but for a few clothes; he only had US$ 100 and 100
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712:
noted that some other Asian countries impose the death penalty for drug-smuggling, and commented that the execution "was less the arrogance of a rising power than evidence that China is still feeling its way in the wider world".
531:, but argued for the release of Shaikh based on their assertions that he was mentally ill at the time of the offence saying that the court did not take his condition into account during the trial. The case attracted support from
550:
Reprieve and his family all cite examples of Shaikh's "erratic behaviour" and "questionable decisions" at least since 2001. Reprieve interviewed people who had dealings with him to support their claims that he may have had
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2396:
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583:, Professor Jerome A. Cohen suggested that China had failed to comply with its own and international legal standards that required a thorough mental evaluation of Shaikh before rendering a final judgment.
399:, where a man named "Okole" promised Shaikh an opportunity to perform "Come Little Rabbit" at a "huge nightclub" in China he purportedly owned. "Okole" and Shaikh travelled together to China, stopping in
2426:
821:". Han said that a nation bending its laws under outside pressure "invites endless troubles in the future", leading to a lack of respect for the laws of that country, and dismissed the criticism of
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cousins and British consular officials in the hospital where he had been treated for a heart condition since August 2009, and it was only then that he was informed that he would die in 24 hours.
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as justification for punishing the "grave crime" of drug smuggling. The embassy statement asserted that Shaikh's rights and interests under Chinese law were "properly respected and guaranteed".
1576:
338:
He married his Polish secretary – who was then pregnant with his child – and moved to Poland permanently in 2005, reportedly with ambitions to start an airline. He had been going to
219:
hidden in a compartment in his baggage. Shaikh's defence team pleaded ignorance of the existence of the drugs, although his lawyers said that the evidence against Shaikh was "overwhelming".
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2063:
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magazine held a similar opinion that the Chinese authorities wished to "stand up to its old oppressors" and show the Chinese people that they were "being led in the right direction ".
813:, hailed the execution, saying that the decision "upheld the dignity of Chinese law." He suggested that to act otherwise as a result of international pressure would be a return to the
1705:
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in 1951. Lau Fat-wai, a Portuguese citizen, also faced drug trafficking charges back in 2006, before Akmal Shaikh, but Mr. Lau's death sentence was only carried out early in 2013.
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said: "Intellectually challenged people do a lot of inexplicable things when they lose control... But seldom have we heard of a mentally ill person hiding as much as 4 kg of
471:
documents he received from Reprieve contained "medical information about bipolar disorder, and a list of symptoms and case studies" not specific to Shaikh. According to Professor
2216:
395:
Reprieve said Shaikh met a man in Poland named "Carlos" sometime in 2007 who he believed had contacts in the music industry and could help make him famous; Shaikh travelled to
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Britain made 27 official representations to the Chinese government about the case. Gordon Brown reportedly wrote several times to Hu Jintao and pleaded the case personally to
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2013:
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failed appeals, he was sentenced to death by the Intermediate People's Court of Ürümqi according to the section of the Chinese criminal code which provides the
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614:. The Chinese ambassador in London was summoned twice by the government over the case. The Chinese Embassy in London cited their country's obligations to the
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196:. The trial and execution attracted significant media attention in the UK, namely as Shaikh's poor mental health was taken advantage of to commit the crime.
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said the British criticism lacked legal and moral basis; their reaction was "unreasonable" and showed "considerable cultural arrogance"; another one at
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Banyan column on Asian affairs, who felt that the issue raised questions about effective use of protections for defendants during judicial process; and
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privileges that had been granted to many foreign nationals in China in the latter half of the 19th and first half of the 20th century pursuant to the "
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on 29 December 2009. It was reported that Shaikh was the first person with citizenship of a European country to be executed in China since
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519: – his body intact – according to his family's wishes, at the Guslay Muslim Cemetery; his family was not allowed to attend.
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862:, who was also refused a psychiatric examination, the public sympathy prompted "some Chinese experts to seek necessary law reforms".
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considered the British politicians' reaction an attempt to "create sentiments and manipulate the public". Wang Dawei, a professor at
2262:
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felt that the West was being hypocritical for overlooking other human rights concerns in China while enjoying the Beijing Olympics.
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413:
361:
223:, an anti-death penalty organisation, argued that Shaikh had mental illness which was exploited by criminals who tricked him into
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1802:
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274:"strong resentment" felt by its public to drug traffickers, in part based on "the bitter memory of history" – a reference to the
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2735:
2527:
2301:
948:"New evidence emerges in the Akmal Shaikh case showing his illness; Reprieve makes new application to the Chinese authorities"
750:
supported China's strong stance against drug peddling, and said the British government's reaction was "shrill beyond belief".
2605:"Vermont Law School – Jerome Cohen, Noted Expert on Chinese Legal System, To Deliver 2008 Sterry R. Waterman Lecture at VLS"
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Campaigners on his behalf alleged a lack of due legal process. They did not dispute that he was carrying a large amount of
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2005:
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said was "widely thought to be a rebuke to the UK for its public criticism of China over the execution of Akmal Shaikh".
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the British Government could do; some accused British leaders of hypocrisy in light of the country's own drugs problem.
1982:
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891:
845:, and that not assessing Shaikh's mental health was "in violation not only of Chinese law but also international law."
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called 'Teksi' which prospered for a time; even so, he fell into bankruptcy for more than two years during the 1990s.
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2730:
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1826:
834:
741:
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476:
379:, and met British musician Gareth Saunders, according to whom Shaikh was destitute, living off handouts and ate at a
346:, Shaikh sent a text message to two people in London saying: "Now everybody will understand who Muslims are and what
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who compared the government's "sabre-rattling" approach to the British attitude during the First Opium War in 1839;
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Following the execution, there was a range of views in the British press, some agreed with the political leaders
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740:, who felt that China would not be interested in "lectures from Europeans on the morality of the drugs trade".
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condemned the execution and regretted that its calls for the sentence to be commuted had not been heeded.
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896:
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185:
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1475:
2302:"多数英国网民支持中国处决英籍毒贩 (A majority of English netizens support China's execution of British drugs smuggler)"
731:
2338:
504:
248:
769:
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2179:
841:, a human rights spokesman, felt that the brevity of the initial conviction might not have allowed
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1038:
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Some public organisations and individual experts media were critical of the judicial process. The
2688:
2520:"网民眼：阿克毛没疯 发疯的是英国的政客和媒体 (Netizens say Akmal wasn't crazy, but English politicians and media are)"
2140:
1438:
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and moved to the United Kingdom as a child. After a couple of failed businesses, Shaikh moved to
447:
validated the sentence as being in accordance with Articles 48 and 347 of China's Criminal Law.
235:
2490:"海外网友支持中国处决英国毒贩 (Voices supporting the execution also dominated the Chinese online community)"
947:
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in the United States. They moved back to London when the business stumbled. He then started a
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power" seeking the status and rights of the Western world, though not the responsibilities –
532:
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In 2007, he joined in a month-long demonstration for nurses outside the Warsaw office of the
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confirmed the death sentence he was given at his first trial in October 2008, and Shaikh was
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with his second wife in 2005 with the dream of starting an airline, and later of becoming a
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1632:
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a 24-year-old female employee; he also failed to pay more than half her wages. In 2004, an
256:
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to Islam when they married; they had two sons and a daughter. In the 1980s, Shaikh was an
8:
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the same day, when a baggage search revealed he was carrying 4 kilograms (9 lb) of
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846:
364:. In December 2005, the MI5 investigation was terminated due to insufficient evidence.
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2261:. Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the United Kingdom. 24 December 2009.
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2519:
865:
Reaction from the international media was broadly critical of the authorities, with
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of alcohol, and prohibited from driving for three years. He was wanted in 2007 by a
243:
were made by his family and by British government officials. After two appeals, the
211:. He travelled from Poland to China and was arrested by Chinese customs officers at
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913:
818:
791:
596:
552:
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91:
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The majority of people in China supported Shaikh's execution. An online survey by
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2039:
1785:
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1127:
708:
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Jintao. It was during this visit that Akmal was informed of his impending death.
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472:
403:, where they stayed in a five-star hotel. On 12 September 2007, Shaikh flew from
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by Western governments as "an excuse to intervene in China's internal affairs".
635:
execution, further justified by endorsement of its action in the British press.
663:
488:
331:
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The World from Berlin – "Execution Underscores 'China's Contempt for the West"
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human rights for political advantage in the upcoming election. An academic at
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838:
714:
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270:
1978:
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Shaikh, who had never been assessed by mental health experts, denied he was
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2259:"Statement of the Spokesman of Chinese Embassy on the Case of Akmal Shaikh"
1831:
1002:"Akmal Shaikh: China warns Britain as row over executed Briton intensifies"
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736:
659:
566:
422:
380:
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summarising German commentators as being universally critical of Beijing.
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conversation with him." Nevertheless, Shaikh had never been assessed by a
2647:
2283:
2089:
1442:
867:
842:
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history of mental disorder. Wang Mingliang, professor of criminal law in
556:
408:
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with his parents during his childhood. His first wife had converted from
252:
71:
1704:. Hong Kong: Law Professors' Blog (third party link). 23 December 2009.
982:
Topping, Alexandra; Watt, Nicholas; Watts, Jonathan (29 December 2009).
1500:"Akmal Shaikh's harebrained business schemes and dreams of pop stardom"
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607:
400:
396:
143:
2608:
645:
Shaikh, attacked the government and the media in a scathing letter to
2631:"Will Akmal Shaikh's Execution Spur China's Criminal Justice Reform?"
2427:"Akmal Shaikh, Gary McKinnon and the opium war the British can't win"
1665:"Mentally ill Briton faces execution for smuggling heroin into China"
1375:"Akmal Shaikh: China refers to controversial Opium Wars with Britain"
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353:
208:
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32:
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2472:"China cancels UK human rights summit after Akmal Shaikh execution"
859:
764:
561:
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200:
75:
53:
2235:(in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. 29 December 2009. Archived from
1577:"Briton wanted to create world peace with Come Little Rabbit song"
908:
High-profile cases of people executed in Asia for drug trafficking
2304:(in Chinese). Beijing Youth Net. 31 December 2009. Archived from
308:
181:
1779:"China Executes Briton Over Heroin, Ignores Mental Health Claim"
2321:"Akmal Shaikh relatives say Britain abandoned him to execution"
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528:
440:
417:
369:
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240:
216:
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193:
1352:"Akmal Shaikh execution draws scathing criticism from Amnesty"
599:, and professor Xue Jinzhan, professor of criminal law at the
491:, too intimated that interpretation may have been inadequate.
1100:
348:
79:
1411:"Experts defend China's execution of British drug smuggler"
616:
United Nations Conventions against Illicit Drug Trafficking
1163:(in Chinese). Xinhua Net. 29 December 2009. Archived from
2388:"What this execution doesn't say about China and Britain"
1950:"Briton's death sentence upheld by China's supreme court"
1534:"Akmal Shaikh trafił z Lublina do chińskiej celi śmierci"
1190:"China Executes British National, Prompting Condemnation"
1128:"Condemned Briton Akmal Shaikh 'not told execution date'"
390:
357:
215:
on 12 September 2007 with 4 kilograms (8.818 lb) of
2090:
Officials to see condemned Briton Akmal Shaikh in China
1607:"British man said to be mentally ill executed in China"
1532:
Jędryszka, Dariusz; Smaga, Dominik (28 December 2009).
1531:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
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that Shaikh had a mental disorder, possibly bipolar or
16:
British businessman executed for drug offences in China
2284:
Akmal Shaikh's family visit ahead of planned execution
2141:"Appeals to China Intensify in Effort to Spare Briton"
180:(5 April 1956 – 29 December 2009) was a Pakistan born
2691:
says was recorded by Akmal Shaikh (on reprieve.org).
2055:"Mentally ill Briton 'could be executed within days'"
1177:根据我国有关法律，申请对被告人做精神病鉴定，不应当是无条件的，申请人应当提出说明被告人有可能患精神病的依据
443:
in quantities of more than 50 grams (2 oz). The
1725:
1723:
1482:
1270:
Coonan, Clifford; Morris, Nigel (30 December 2009),
1063:. British Broadcasting Corporation. 29 December 2009
453:
says the judgement was made public in October 2008.
2573:
The age of extraterritorial rights in China is over
2223:
1979:"Akmal Shaikh told of execution for drug smuggling"
1803:"Briton executed by Chinese firing squad: official"
2128:China defends case against Briton facing execution
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
601:East China University of Political Science and Law
284:East China University of Political Science and Law
282:. Xue Jinzhan, a professor of criminal law at the
2583:
2581:
2251:
2103:"U.N. official urges China not to execute Briton"
1820:
1818:
1816:
1720:
1101:Qiu Lian (trainee journalist) (11 January 2010).
537:UN special rapporteur on extrajudicial executions
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1652:
1650:
1549:
1547:
1345:
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1341:
1339:
1337:
1291:"Gordon Brown's anger as Chinese execute Briton"
809:, Professor of History and Political Science at
262:Britain made 27 official representations to the
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2204:
1941:
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1314:
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2174:
2172:
2170:
2003:
1813:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1153:
1151:
1149:
984:"Fury as China executes British drug smuggler"
2208:"Final hours for Briton on China's death row"
2085:
2083:
2081:
2035:
2033:
2031:
1875:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1647:
1625:
1544:
1334:
1272:Insults fly as UK hits out at China execution
1037:. Xinhuanet. 29 December 2009. Archived from
753:
2776:People executed by China by lethal injection
2679:
2198:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1301:
1277:
1075:
352:is," and was consequently investigated as a
342:frequently since autumn 2004. Following the
2567:
2565:
2563:
2411:"Before preaching, remember the opium wars"
2378:
2289:
2167:
2045:
1973:
1971:
1754:Sebag-Montefiore, Poppy, (8 January 2010),
1527:
1525:
1397:
1213:
1211:
1146:
1029:
1027:
2756:Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
2121:
2078:
2028:
2004:Stafford Smith, Clive (28 December 2009).
1919:"Akmal Shaikh and China's smile diplomacy"
1851:
1288:
1122:
1120:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
805:In an editorial published by China Daily,
2761:Pakistani emigrants to the United Kingdom
2443:"China has a point on dealing with crime"
2425:McDermott, Josephine (30 December 2009),
2051:
1913:
1911:
1731:"British drug smuggler executed in China"
1416:
1320:"China execution: International reaction"
1061:"China execution: International reaction"
828:
800:China People's Public Security University
2741:British expatriates in the United States
2560:
2318:
1968:
1750:
1748:
1662:
1522:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1349:
1208:
1024:
227:on the promise of a recording contract.
117:Former estate agent/mini-cab businessman
2435:
1800:
1462:
1460:
1289:McLaughlin, Martyn (30 December 2009).
1117:
966:
297:Pakistani migrant to the United Kingdom
2698:
2661:"Western cant at China beggars belief"
2399:from the original on 31 December 2009.
2356:
2219:from the original on 29 December 2009.
2095:
1908:
1827:"Why denouncing China is hypocritical"
1555:"Executed Brit was MI5 terror suspect"
1413:, Xinhua News Agency, 29 December 2009
391:Drug trafficking, trials and execution
2149:
2109:from the original on 31 December 2009
2052:Llewellyn, Gareth (21 October 2009).
2016:from the original on 30 December 2009
1824:
1745:
1599:
1510:from the original on 31 December 2009
1385:from the original on 31 December 2009
1362:
1217:
1134:from the original on 28 December 2009
1012:from the original on 31 December 2009
954:from the original on 31 December 2009
2385:Leading article (30 December 2009).
2265:from the original on 16 January 2010
2205:Clifford Coonan (28 December 2009).
2066:from the original on 23 October 2009
1985:from the original on 14 January 2010
1947:
1863:Watts, Jonathan (29 December 2009).
1777:Richardson, Ben (29 December 2009),
1741:from the original on 1 January 2010.
1497:
1457:
1218:Watts, Jonathan (28 December 2009).
522:
2726:20th-century British businesspeople
2642:Lindsey, Daryl (30 December 2009),
2587:Fish, Isaac Stone (4 January 2010)
2530:from the original on 4 January 2010
2500:from the original on 6 January 2010
2409:Walden, George (30 December 2009),
2319:Woodward, Will (30 December 2009).
2006:"China, show mercy to Akmal Shaikh"
1929:from the original on 3 January 2010
1896:from the original on 1 January 2010
1886:"PM slams man's execution in China"
1839:from the original on 3 January 2010
1825:White, Michael (29 December 2009).
1708:from the original on 6 January 2010
1587:from the original on 2 January 2010
1350:Woodward, Will (29 December 2009).
1230:from the original on 1 January 2010
1196:. Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty
213:Ürümqi Diwopu International Airport
13:
2659:O'Hanlon, Eilis (3 January 2010),
2629:Cohen, Jerome A. (4 January 2010)
2139:Burns, John F. (24 December 2009)
1801:Garnaut, John (29 December 2009).
1663:Townsend, Mark (28 October 2009).
1613:from the original on 10 March 2016
1561:. 29 December 2009. Archived from
1252:. Jornal Ponto Final. 19 July 2013
184:businessman who was convicted and
14:
2787:
2766:People executed for drug offences
2470:Moore, Malcolm (8 January 2010).
2362:Korski, Daniel (1 January 2010),
2157:"China executes UK drug smuggler"
1948:Dodd, Vikram (21 December 2009).
835:United Nations Special Rapporteur
653:
477:New York University School of Law
268:United Nations Special Rapporteur
2721:21st-century executions by China
2607:. vermontlaw.edu. Archived from
2571:Han, Dongping (4 January 2010),
2526:(in Chinese). 31 December 2009.
2496:(in Chinese). 31 December 2009.
2040:British anger at China execution
1498:Pidd, Helen (28 December 2009).
1474:. 26 August 2004. Archived from
758:
483:alleges there was none; and the
31:
2653:
2636:
2623:
2597:
2542:
2512:
2482:
2463:
2419:
2403:
2339:"Economist.com Media Directory"
2331:
2312:
2277:
2133:
1997:
1794:
1771:
1569:
1468:"Boss vanishes after sex claim"
1264:
1242:
902:Schellenberg smuggling incident
770:Opium trade of the 19th century
693:that he felt that China was "a
2751:British people executed abroad
2716:21st-century British criminals
1981:. BBC News. 28 December 2009.
1250:"Lau Fat-wai já foi executado"
1182:
1130:. BBC News. 27 December 2009.
1053:
994:
950:. Reprieve. 18 December 2009.
940:
892:China–United Kingdom relations
780:
372:court for not paying alimony.
1:
2736:British expatriates in Poland
1220:"Capital punishment in China"
934:
763:Foreign Ministry Spokeswoman
2687:" – video of the song which
2286:, BBC News, 28 December 2009
2092:, BBC News, 26 December 2009
2042:, BBC News, 29 December 2009
1865:"Akmal Shaikh's final hours"
1635:. Sina.com. 30 December 2009
1583:. London. 29 December 2009.
1381:. London. 29 December 2009.
1322:. BBC News. 29 December 2009
1194:Radiofreeeurope/Radioliberty
426:arrest almost a year later.
290:
249:executed by lethal injection
7:
2633:, US Asialaw Institute, NYU
2232:刑法学专家:中国坚持司法独立 英籍毒贩死刑判决合法合理
1008:. London. 1 December 2009.
929:Nagaenthran K. Dharmalingam
897:Illegal drug trade in China
885:
823:China's human rights record
625:
430:First trial – November 2007
344:7 July 2005 London bombings
10:
2792:
2364:Dealing with China in 2010
754:People's Republic of China
2105:. CNN. 24 December 2009.
1807:The Sydney Morning Herald
1761:28 September 2011 at the
1609:. BBC. 29 December 2009.
569:in Britain or elsewhere.
499:Execution – December 2009
171:
161:
153:
141:
137:
129:
121:
113:
105:
97:
86:
60:
39:
30:
23:
2771:People from Kentish Town
2731:British drug traffickers
2674:
2550:"学者:英国指责阿克毛被判死刑案系备战大选需要"
2231:
1702:South China Morning Post
1159:
580:South China Morning Post
475:, professor emeritus at
377:Prime Minister of Poland
362:Internal Security Agency
295:Shaikh, a Muslim, was a
2130:, CNN, 22 December 2009
1756:China's rough injustice
1160:英国人阿克毛走私毒品案已由最高人民法院复核终结
503:Shaikh was executed by
457:Second trial – May 2009
225:transporting the heroin
2369:4 January 2010 at the
2180:"Justice served right"
1784:2 January 2010 at the
1435:"Cases – Akmal Shaikh"
829:International reaction
445:Supreme People's Court
236:psychiatric evaluation
2589:All Politics is Local
851:Amnesty International
811:Warren Wilson College
577:. In an op-ed in the
533:Amnesty International
464:Sanlian Living Weekly
234:. He had requested a
192:approximately 4kg of
190:illegally trafficking
1925:. 30 December 2009.
1892:. 29 December 2009.
1737:. 29 December 2009.
358:British intelligence
2476:The Daily Telegraph
2431:The Daily Telegraph
2308:on 16 January 2010.
2163:. 29 December 2009.
1698:"Arbitrary justice"
1581:The Daily Telegraph
1379:The Daily Telegraph
1006:The Daily Telegraph
919:Barlow and Chambers
796:Tsinghua University
775:The Daily Telegraph
727:The Daily Telegraph
356:for five months by
328:Employment Tribunal
199:Shaikh was born in
87:Cause of death
2685:Come Little Rabbit
2666:Sunday Independent
2239:on 2 February 2010
2186:. 31 December 2009
2145:The New York Times
1472:Camden New Journal
1103:"阿克毛：一个英籍毒品走私者的末路"
879:Sunday Independent
847:The European Union
407:in Tajikistan, to
324:unfairly dismissed
264:Chinese government
2556:. 7 January 2010.
1633:"图文：英国毒贩阿克毛在华被处死"
1538:Dziennik Wschodni
1445:on 4 January 2010
1274:, The Independent
1167:on 7 January 2010
1041:on 7 January 2010
924:Michael McAuliffe
612:Copenhagen summit
523:Clemency campaign
485:Foreign Secretary
320:sexually harassed
280:Second Opium Wars
186:executed in China
175:
174:
2783:
2682:
2669:
2657:
2651:
2640:
2634:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2601:
2595:
2585:
2576:
2569:
2558:
2557:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2451:. 2 January 2010
2439:
2433:
2423:
2417:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2390:
2382:
2376:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2298:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2210:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2176:
2165:
2164:
2153:
2147:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2057:
2049:
2043:
2037:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1975:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1915:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1882:
1873:
1872:
1860:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1822:
1811:
1810:
1798:
1792:
1775:
1769:
1752:
1743:
1742:
1727:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1694:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1660:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1551:
1542:
1541:
1529:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1495:
1480:
1479:
1478:on 13 June 2011.
1464:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1441:. Archived from
1431:
1414:
1408:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1371:
1360:
1359:
1347:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1316:
1299:
1298:
1286:
1275:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1215:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1172:
1155:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1124:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1098:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1031:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1017:
998:
992:
991:
979:
964:
963:
961:
959:
944:
914:Van Tuong Nguyen
819:unequal treaties
815:extraterritorial
792:Fudan University
706:An editorial in
682:
597:Fudan University
553:bipolar disorder
505:lethal injection
318:In 2003, Shaikh
157:Drug trafficking
149:Drug trafficking
146:
92:lethal injection
67:
64:29 December 2009
49:
47:
35:
21:
20:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2746:British Muslims
2696:
2695:
2677:
2672:
2658:
2654:
2641:
2637:
2628:
2624:
2614:
2612:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2586:
2579:
2570:
2561:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2533:
2531:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2503:
2501:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2468:
2464:
2454:
2452:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2424:
2420:
2408:
2404:
2393:The Independent
2383:
2379:
2371:Wayback Machine
2361:
2357:
2347:
2345:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2317:
2313:
2300:
2299:
2290:
2282:
2278:
2268:
2266:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2242:
2240:
2233:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2213:The Independent
2203:
2199:
2189:
2187:
2178:
2177:
2168:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2138:
2134:
2126:
2122:
2112:
2110:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2088:
2079:
2069:
2067:
2060:The Independent
2050:
2046:
2038:
2029:
2019:
2017:
2002:
1998:
1988:
1986:
1977:
1976:
1969:
1959:
1957:
1946:
1942:
1932:
1930:
1917:
1916:
1909:
1899:
1897:
1884:
1883:
1876:
1861:
1852:
1842:
1840:
1823:
1814:
1799:
1795:
1786:Wayback Machine
1776:
1772:
1763:Wayback Machine
1753:
1746:
1729:
1728:
1721:
1711:
1709:
1696:
1695:
1684:
1674:
1672:
1661:
1648:
1638:
1636:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1616:
1614:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1590:
1588:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1565:on 31 May 2011.
1553:
1552:
1545:
1530:
1523:
1513:
1511:
1496:
1483:
1466:
1465:
1458:
1448:
1446:
1433:
1432:
1417:
1409:
1398:
1388:
1386:
1373:
1372:
1363:
1348:
1335:
1325:
1323:
1318:
1317:
1302:
1287:
1278:
1269:
1265:
1255:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1233:
1231:
1216:
1209:
1199:
1197:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1170:
1168:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1147:
1137:
1135:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1108:
1106:
1099:
1076:
1066:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1044:
1042:
1033:
1032:
1025:
1015:
1013:
1000:
999:
995:
980:
967:
957:
955:
946:
945:
941:
937:
888:
831:
783:
761:
756:
709:The Independent
687:, who wrote in
680:
672:Dominic Ziegler
656:
628:
525:
473:Jerome A. Cohen
393:
293:
154:Criminal charge
142:
122:Criminal status
82:
69:
65:
56:
51:
45:
43:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2789:
2779:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2652:
2635:
2622:
2611:on 9 June 2011
2596:
2577:
2559:
2541:
2524:People's Daily
2511:
2481:
2462:
2434:
2418:
2402:
2377:
2355:
2330:
2311:
2288:
2276:
2250:
2222:
2197:
2166:
2148:
2132:
2120:
2094:
2077:
2044:
2027:
1996:
1967:
1940:
1907:
1874:
1850:
1812:
1793:
1770:
1744:
1719:
1682:
1646:
1624:
1598:
1568:
1559:Austrian Times
1543:
1521:
1481:
1456:
1415:
1396:
1361:
1333:
1300:
1276:
1263:
1241:
1207:
1181:
1145:
1116:
1074:
1052:
1023:
993:
965:
938:
936:
933:
932:
931:
926:
921:
916:
910:
909:
905:
904:
899:
894:
887:
884:
830:
827:
782:
779:
760:
757:
755:
752:
664:David Miliband
655:
654:United Kingdom
652:
627:
624:
524:
521:
501:
500:
489:David Miliband
459:
458:
439:for smuggling
432:
431:
414:Ürümqi Airport
392:
389:
354:terror suspect
292:
289:
173:
172:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
155:
151:
150:
147:
139:
138:
135:
134:
131:
127:
126:
123:
119:
118:
115:
111:
110:
107:
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
88:
84:
83:
70:
68:(aged 53)
62:
58:
57:
52:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2788:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2681:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2639:
2632:
2626:
2610:
2606:
2600:
2594:
2590:
2584:
2582:
2575:, China Daily
2574:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2555:
2551:
2545:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2515:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2485:
2477:
2473:
2466:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2438:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2412:
2406:
2398:
2394:
2389:
2381:
2375:
2374:The Spectator
2372:
2368:
2365:
2359:
2344:
2343:The Economist
2340:
2334:
2326:
2322:
2315:
2307:
2303:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2285:
2280:
2264:
2260:
2254:
2238:
2234:
2226:
2218:
2214:
2209:
2201:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2162:
2158:
2152:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2129:
2124:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2091:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2048:
2041:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2000:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1972:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1928:
1924:
1923:The Economist
1920:
1914:
1912:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1879:
1870:
1866:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1751:
1749:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1724:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1670:
1666:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1634:
1628:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1586:
1582:
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311:business in
305:estate agent
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232:mentally ill
229:
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178:Akmal Shaikh
177:
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66:(2009-12-29)
50:5 April 1956
25:Akmal Shaikh
18:
2711:2009 deaths
2706:1956 births
2648:Der Spiegel
2494:China Daily
2269:26 December
2184:China Daily
2113:26 December
2070:26 December
2020:30 December
1989:28 December
1960:26 December
1900:29 December
1791:, Bloomberg
1735:China Daily
1617:29 December
1591:30 December
1514:29 December
1449:26 December
1389:30 December
1326:29 December
1138:28 December
1067:30 December
1045:29 December
1016:30 December
958:29 December
868:Der Spiegel
843:due process
787:China Daily
781:Other views
610:during the
588:China Daily
557:Stephen Fry
106:Citizenship
98:Nationality
2700:Categories
2395:. London.
2215:. London.
2161:Al Jazeera
2062:. London.
2012:. London.
1835:. London.
1675:13 January
1506:. London.
1226:. London.
1109:11 January
935:References
695:revanchist
608:Wen Jiabao
401:Tajikistan
397:Kyrgyzstan
114:Occupation
46:1956-04-05
2534:4 January
2504:4 January
2478:. London.
2455:6 January
2415:The Times
2327:. London.
2243:8 January
2190:5 January
1933:6 January
1871:. London.
1843:6 January
1712:6 January
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1358:. London.
1234:4 January
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990:. London.
720:The Times
717:wrote in
562:delusions
507:at 10:30
291:Biography
2689:Reprieve
2615:19 March
2593:Newsweek
2528:Archived
2498:Archived
2397:Archived
2367:Archived
2348:16 March
2263:Archived
2217:Archived
2107:Archived
2064:Archived
2014:Archived
1983:Archived
1956:. London
1927:Archived
1894:Archived
1837:Archived
1782:Archived
1767:Prospect
1759:Archived
1739:Archived
1706:Archived
1671:. London
1611:Archived
1585:Archived
1508:Archived
1439:Reprieve
1383:Archived
1228:Archived
1200:19 March
1132:Archived
1105:. 三联生活周刊
1010:Archived
952:Archived
886:See also
873:Newsweek
860:Yang Jia
765:Jiang Yu
700:Prospect
639:Reprieve
626:Reaction
450:Prospect
405:Dushanbe
385:Reprieve
309:mini-cab
301:Hinduism
241:clemency
221:Reprieve
209:pop star
201:Pakistan
130:Children
125:Executed
76:Xinjiang
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1256:19 July
744:of the
511:(02:30
182:British
162:Penalty
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194:heroin
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2675:Notes
1297:. UK.
349:jihad
276:First
166:Death
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