Al-Ghazali - Knowledge

6876:"Ghazâlî had successfully introduced logic into the madrasa (though it was studied in other venues as well (Endress 2006)). What happened to it after this time was the result of the activities of logicians much more gifted than Ghazâlî. This period has tentatively been called the Golden Age of Arabic philosophy (Gutas 2002). It is in this period, and especially in the thirteenth century, that the major changes in the coverage and structure of Avicennan logic were introduced; these changes were mainly introduced in free-standing treatises on logic. It has been observed that the thirteenth century was the time that "doing logic in Arabic was thoroughly disconnected from textual exegesis, perhaps more so than at any time before or since" (El-Rouayheb 2010b: 48–49). Many of the major textbooks for teaching logic in later centuries come from this period. For all his historical importance in the process of introducing logic into the madrasa, the logic that Ghazâlî defended was too dilute to be recognizably Farabian or Avicennan." 4390:. Ghazali does not mean that neglecting the study of mathematics would be a crime against science or against reason, but that rejecting them is a crime against religion. Its aim is not to promote the study of mathematics: it is to condemn the attitude which consists in considering them as rivals of religion. For him, religion has nothing to fear from them, because they do not deal with the same subjects. To condemn the study of mathematics for fear that it endangers religion is to mistake the place of each of them. This is clarified by the sentence which immediately follows: "For the revealed Law nowhere undertakes to deny or affirm these sciences, and the latter nowhere address themselves to religious matters." A few pages later, he writes that the books of the philosophers must be banned - he defines philosophy as composed of six branches: mathematical, logical, physical, metaphysical, political, and morale. Al-Ghazali notably influenced 57: 3514:

request. Al-Ghazali was summoned to Sanjar because of the intrigues of his opponents and their criticism of his student's compilation in Arabic, al-Mankhul min taʿliqat al-usul (The sifted notes on the fundamentals), in addition to his refusal to continue teaching at the Nizamiya of Nishapur. After the reception, al-Ghazali had, apparently, a private audience with Sanjar, during which he quoted a verse from the Quran 14:24: "Have you not seen how Allah sets forth a parable of a beautiful phrase (being) like a beautiful tree, whose roots are firm and whose branches are in Heaven." The genuine text of the Nasihat al-muluk, which is actually an official epistle with a short explanatory note on al-Manḵul added on its frontispiece.

10011: 4367:, in his praise of al-Ghazali wrote: "Al-Ghazzaali, the imaam and shaykh, the prominent scholar, Hujjat al-Islam, the wonder of his time, Zayn al-Deen Abu Haamid Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Toosi al-Shaafa'i al-Ghazzaali, the author of many books and one possessed of utter intelligence. He studied fiqh in his own town, then he moved to Nisapur in the company of a group of students. He stayed with the Imaam al-Haramayn and gained a deep knowledge of fiqh within a short period. He became well-versed in 'ilm al-kalaam and debate, until he became the best of debater." 4303:

living in a way that provides the basic necessities for only one's family, would not be an acceptable practice to be held by the general population because of the detrimental results that he believed that would bring upon the economy, but he acknowledged that some people may choose to live the subsistence lifestyle at their own will for the sake of their personal religious journey. Conversely, he discouraged people from purchasing or possessing excessive material items, suggesting that any additional money earned could be given to provide for the poor.

2584: 3389: 6123:"about five dozen authentic works, in addition to which some 300 other titles of works of uncertain, doubtful, or spurious authorship, many of them duplicates owing to varying titles, are cited in Muslim bibliographical literature. Already Ebn Ṭofayl (d. 581/1185, q.v.) observed that Ḡazālī wrote for different audiences, ordinary men and the elite (pp. 69-72), and Ḡazālī himself completed the rather moderate theological treatise, Eljām al-ʿawāmmʿan ʿelm al-kalām "The restraining of ordinary men from theology," in the last month before his death" 919: 2382: 9253: 2296: 4386:

which strongly contradicted his conservative Islamic belief. This position has been challenged, however. The following statement made by al-Ghazali has been described as evidence that he was not against scientific advancement: "Great indeed is the crime against religion committed by anyone who supposes that Islam is to be championed by the denial of mathematical sciences." This sentence, the source of which is not indicated in the cited book, is taken from

2469:; however, the epistemological course of Islamic thought had already been set. Al-Ghazali gave as an example of the illusion of independent laws of cause the fact that cotton burns when coming into contact with fire. While it might seem as though a natural law was at work, it happened each and every time only because God willed it to happen—the event was "a direct product of divine intervention as any more attention grabbing miracle". 3542:, the Arabic equivalent of the Persian title. The earliest manuscripts with the Arabic translation date from the second half of the 16th and most of the others from the 17th century. The earliest known secondary translation from Arabic into Ottoman Turkish was done in 983/1575. In modern times, the text was translated from Arabic into many European languages and published innumerable times in Turkey as Eyyühe'l-Veled or Ey Oğul. 4206: 7811: 9242: 4468: 3134: 2285: 4307:

practiced. According to him, earned wealth can serve two potential purposes. The first is for the good of oneself, which includes maintaining one's own health and that of their family, as well as extending care to others and engaging in actions beneficial to the Islamic community. The other is what al-Ghazali would consider misuse, spending it selfishly on extravagant or unnecessary material items.

4454: 3314:. Here, Ghazali states that indeed every man has these desires and needs, and that it is natural to want these things. However, the Prophet explicitly states that there must be a middle ground for man, in order to practice the tenets of Islam faithfully. The ultimate goal that Ghazali is presenting not only in these two chapters, but in the entirety of 3610:, a Jewish theologian was deeply interested and vested in the works of al-Ghazali. One of the more notable achievements of Ghazali were his writing and reform of education that laid the path of Islamic Education from the 12th to the 19th centuries. Al-Ghazali's works were heavily relied upon by Islamic mathematicians and astronomers such as At-Tusi. 4382:

of a scholar simply because of his achievements in mathematics and science. By issuing such a warning, al-Ghazali is in fact protecting the scientific enterprise for future generations by insulating it from being mixed with theoretical philosophy that could eventually dilute science itself to a field based on conjecture and reasoning alone."

3460:, considered the autobiography an important document for "the purely literary student who would like to become acquainted with the inwardness of religions other than the Christian" because of the scarcity of recorded personal religious confessions and autobiographical literature from this period outside the Christian tradition. 3310:, which focuses on the internal struggles that every Muslim will face over the course of his lifetime. The first chapter primarily focuses on how one can develop himself into a person with positive attributes and good personal characteristics . The second chapter has a more specific focus: sexual satisfaction and 3614:

philosophical approach as a seeker of true knowledge, a deeper understanding of the philosophical and scientific, and a better understanding of mysticism and cognition. The period following Ghazali "has tentatively been called the Golden Age of Arabic philosophy" initiated by Ghazali's successful integration of

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simple explanation has he given us of what was hard to fathom, with brief elucidation and clear solution of knotty problems. He used moderation, being quiet but decisive in silencing an adversary, though his words were like a sharp sword-thrust in refuting a slanderer and protecting the high-road of guidance.

3590:) al-Ghazali declared them unbelievers whose blood may be spilled. Al-Ghazali succeeded in gaining widespread acceptance for Sufism at the expense of philosophy. At the same time, in his refutation of philosophers he made use of their philosophical categories and thus helped to give them wider circulation. 4381:

According to historian Firas Alkhateeb, "When one reads Imam al-Ghazali's works at a very superficial level, one can easily misunderstand what he is saying as anti-scientific in general. The truth, however, is that al-Ghazali's only warning to students is to not fully accept all the beliefs and ideas

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A less famous Pand-nama (Book of counsel) also written in the genre of advice literature is a very late compilatory letter of an unknown author formally addressed to some ruler and falsely attributed to al-Ghazali, obviously because it consists of many fragments borrowed mostly from various parts of

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in Baghdad - which was the most prestigious academic position in the Muslim world at the time. This led to his eventual disappearance from the Muslim world for over 10 years, realising he chose the path of status and ego over God. It was during this period where many of his great works were written.

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Al-Ghazali has been seen by Orientalist scholars as causing a decline in scientific advancement in Islam, because of his refutation of the new philosophies of his time. He purportedly saw danger in the statements made by philosophers that suggested that God was not all-knowing or even non-existent,

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He was called The Proof of Islam and undoubtedly was worthy of the name, absolutely trustworthy (in respect of the Faith) How many an epitome (has he given) us setting forth the basic principles of religion: how much that was repetitive has he summarised, and epitomised what was lengthy. How many a

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approach is the concept that motion will always precede motion, or in other words, a force will always create another force, and therefore for a force to be created, another force must act upon that force. This means that in essence time stretches infinitely both into the future and into the past,

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in the Muslim World. This is their key thesis as they attempt to explain the scientific and intellectual history of the Islamic world. It seems to be the most widely accepted view on the matter not only in the Western world but in the Muslim world as well. George Saliba, a Professor of Arabic and

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became the most frequently recited Islamic text after the Qur'an and the hadith. Its great achievement was to bring orthodox Sunni theology and Sufi mysticism together in a useful, comprehensive guide to every aspect of Muslim life and death. The book was well received by Islamic scholars such as

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Al-Ghazali believed that the imposition of income equality in society should not be a necessity. Instead, he advocated for individuals to be guided by the "spirit of Islamic brotherhood," encouraging them to willingly share their wealth. However, he acknowledged that this ideal isn't universally

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He established three goals of economic activity that he believed were part of one's religious obligation: "achievement of self-sufficiency for one's survival; provision for the well-being of one's progeny; and provision for assisting those in economic need." He argued that subsistence living, or

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In terms of trade, al-Ghazali discussed the necessity of exchanging goods across close cities as well as larger borders because it allows more goods, which may be necessary and not yet available, to be accessible to more people in various locations. He recognized the necessity of trade and its

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The majority of other Persian texts, ascribed to him with the use of his fame and authority, especially in the genre of Mirrors for Princes, are either deliberate forgeries fabricated with different purposes or compilations falsely attributed to him. The most famous among them is Ay farzand (O

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Another authentic work of al-Ghazali is the so-called "first part" of the Nasihat al-muluk (Counsel for kings), addressed to the Saljuqid ruler of Khurasan Ahmad b. Malik-shah Sanjar (r. 490-552/1097-1157). The text was written after an official reception at his court in 503/1109 and upon his

886:, pressed al-Ghazali to return to the Nizamiyya in Nishapur. Al-Ghazali reluctantly capitulated in 1106, fearing rightly that he and his teachings would meet with resistance and controversy. He later returned to Tus and declined an invitation in 1110 from the grand vizier of the Seljuq Sultan 3379:

that there is one standard of Islam that is more correct than the others, and that those practicing the faith incorrectly should be moved to change. In Ghazali's view, only the Prophet himself could deem a faithfully practicing Muslim an infidel, and his work was a reaction to the religious

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Al-Ghazali was by every indication of his writings a true mystic in the Persian sense. He believed himself to be more mystical or religious than he was philosophical however, he is more widely regarded by some scholars as a leading figure of Islamic philosophy and thought. He describes his

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The staple of his religious philosophy was arguing that the creator was the center point of all human life that played a direct role in all world affairs. Al-Ghazali's influence was not limited to Islam, but in fact his works were widely circulated among Christian and Hebrew scholars and

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and God himself, there are many different ways to practice Islam and that any of the many traditions practiced in good faith by believers should not be viewed as heretical by other Muslims. While Ghazali does state that any Muslim practicing Islam in good faith is not guilty of

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A man of Persian descent, Ḡazālī (variant name Ḡazzālī; Med. Latin form, Algazel; honorific title, Ḥojjat-al-Eslām"The Proof of Islam"), was born at Ṭūs in Khorasan in 450/1058 and grew up as an orphan together with his younger brother Aḥmad Ḡazālī (d. 520/1126;

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Child!). This is undoubtedly a literary forgery fabricated in Persian one or two generations after al-Ghazali's death. The sources used for the forgery consist of two genuine letters by al-Ghazali's (number 4, in part, and number 33, totally); both appear in the

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did not create the universe at one specific point in time. Al-Ghazali counters this by first stating that if the world was created with exact boundaries, then in its current form there would be no need for a time before the creation of the world by God.

828:. After bestowing upon him the titles of "Brilliance of the Religion" and "Eminence among the Religious Leaders", Nizam al-Mulk advanced al-Ghazali in July 1091 to the "most prestigious and most challenging" professorial position at the time: the 3446:. Though appreciating what was valid in the first two of these, at least, he determined that all three approaches were inadequate and found ultimate value only in the mystical experience and insight he attained as a result of following 851:

lifestyle. According to biographer Duncan B. Macdonald, the purpose of abstaining from scholastic work was to confront the spiritual experience and more ordinary understanding of "the Word and the Traditions." After some time in

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He believed that the Islamic spiritual tradition had become moribund and that the spiritual sciences taught by the first generation of Muslims had been forgotten. This belief led him to write his magnum opus entitled

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overall beneficial effect on the economy, but making money in that way might not be considered the most virtuous in his beliefs. He did not support people taking "excessive" profits from their trade sales.

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in the late years of his life. Some "five dozen" are plausibly identifiable, and several hundred attributed works, many of them duplicates because of varying titles, are doubtful or spurious.

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Hilmi Ziya Ülken, Gazali’nin bazi eserlerinin Türkçe tercümeleri. Les traductions en Turc de certains livres d’al-Ghazali, Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 9/1, 1961, p. 61

5274:"A native of Khorassan, of Persian origin, the Muslim theologian, sufi mystic, and philosopher Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazali is one of the great figures of Islamic religious thought...." 4299:

philosophy was primarily influenced by his Islamic beliefs. He argued that the importance of economic activity lay both in its benefit to society, as well being necessary for salvation.

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and written by Muhammad's younger brother Majd al-Din Ahmad al-Ghazali (d. 520/1126) to his famous disciple ʿAyn al-Quzat Hamadani (492-526/1098-1131); the letter was published in the

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his approach to Muslim orthodoxy. Ghazali veers from the often hardline stance of many of his contemporaries during this time period and states that as long as one believes in the

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Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad, the Proof of Islam, Ornament of the Faith, Abu Hamid al-Tusi (al-Ghazali) the Shafi'ite jurist, was in his later years without rival.

2473:, by contrast insisted while God created the natural law, humans "could more usefully say that fire caused cotton to burn—because creation had a pattern that they could discern." 3486:(The Revival of Religious Sciences) in Arabic, but a shorter work. It is one of the outstanding works of 11th-century-Persian literature. The book was published several times in 6333: 6322:

Islamic Science at Columbia University who specializes in the development of astronomy within Islamic civilization, calls this view the "classical narrative" (Saliba, 2007)".

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A posthumous tradition, the authenticity of which has been questioned in recent scholarship, is that his father died in poverty and left the young al-Ghazali and his brother

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in 2007 argued that the decline of science in the 11th century has been overstated, pointing to continuing advances, particularly in astronomy, as late as the 14th century.

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Ghazali (ca. 1058–1111) Abu Hamid Muhammad b. Muhammad al-Ghazali al-Tusi (the "Proof of Islam") is the most renowned Sunni theologian of the Seljuq period (1038–1194).

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Ghazali (ca. 1058–1111) Abu Hamid Muhammad b. Muhammad al-Ghazali al-Tusi (the "Proof of Islam") is the most renowned Sunni theologian of the Seljuq period (1038–1194).

3321:, is that there must be moderation in every aspect of the soul of a man, an equilibrium. These two chapters were the 22nd and 23rd chapters, respectively, in Ghazali's 2404:. However, he chose a slightly different position in comparison with the Asharites. His beliefs and thoughts differ in some aspects from the orthodox Asharite school. 15108: 10166: 5887: 2047: 7064: 7007: 2514:

Professor of Mathematics Nuh Aydin wrote in 2012 that one the most important reasons of the decline of science in the Islamic world has been Al-Ghazali's attack of

5157: 3410: 868:(seclusion). The seclusion consisted in abstaining from teaching at state-sponsored institutions, but he continued to publish, receive visitors and teach in the 17027: 10200: 3415: 2209: 7776: 4122: 4116: 2530:

cannot give rational explanations to either metaphysical or physical questions. The idea caught on and nullified the critical thinking in the Islamic world.

925: 287: 7119:. Islamic Economics Research Series, King Abdulaziz University. Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: Scientific Publishing Centre, King Abdulaziz University. p. 13. 6622:

Günaydin, Gazâlî tercümeleri: Osmanli devri ve 1928 sonrasi için bir bibliyografya denemesi, Dîvân: Disiplinlerarası Çalışmalar Dergisi 16, 2011, pp. 70-73

3992: 4327:("Reviver") of his age. Many, perhaps most, later Muslims concurred and, according to Watt, some have even considered him to be the greatest Muslim after 10337: 7896: 16635: 7425:

Haque, Amber (2004). "Psychology from Islamic perspective: contributions of early Muslim scholars and challenges to contemporary Muslim psychologists".

2448:, or the belief that all causal events and interactions are not the product of material conjunctions but rather the immediate and present will of God. 7141: 5464: 18931: 18896: 13695: 7710: 7668: 6463: 4027:

written in the beginning of his life, in favour of philosophy and presenting the basic theories in Philosophy, mostly influenced by Avicenna's works

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The tradition of falsely attributing works to al-Ghazali increased in the 13th century, after the dissemination of the large corpus of works by

3286:. After the existential crisis that caused him to completely re-examine his way of living and his approach to religion, al-Ghazali put together 11849: 6304: 3629:" that, if one has no Shaykh Then he has Ihya. Through his writing he still influences islamic scholars and community. Prominent scholars like 3434:

had been resolved by "a light which God Most High cast into my breast ... the key to most knowledge," he studied and mastered the arguments of

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in 2012 argued that while indeed scientific thought in Islam was stifled in the 11th century, the person mostly to blame is not al-Ghazali but

17326: 15291: 11174: 6359: 4374:), a rationalist, famously responded that "to say that philosophers are incoherent is itself to make an incoherent statement." Rushd's book, 7820: 18189: 10310: 6577:

Makatib-i farsi-yi Ghazali ba nam-i Faza’il al-anam min rasa’il Hujjat al-Islam, ed. ʿAbbas Iqbal Ashtiyani, Tehran, 1954, pp. 13-23, 83-85

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kings of al-Andalus, declaring them to be unprincipled, not fit to rule and that they should be removed from power. This fatwa was used by

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During his life, Al-Ghazali wrote over 70 books on science, Islamic reasoning and Sufism. Al-Ghazali played a major role in integrating

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Imam Al Ghazali mainly chose to keep his legacy in his books so he wrote more than 70 books in his career. It is said about his book "

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Makatib-i farsi-yi Ghazali ba nam-i Faza’il al-anam min rasa’il Ḥujjat al-Islam, ed. ʿAbbas Iqbal Ashtiyani, Tehran, 1954, pp. 11-12

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to return to Baghdad. He died on 19 December 1111. According to 'Abd al-Ghafir al-Farisi, he had several daughters but no sons.

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Louchakova-Schwartz, Olga (2011). "The Self and the World: Vedanta, Sufism, and the Presocratics in a Phenomenological View".

16803: 14975: 14384: 13874: 13856: 12841: 10443: 10420: 7532: 7124: 6192: 6140: 5694: 4924: 3925: 3626: 3302: 2552: 2000: 688: 18891: 16346: 14985: 10526: 9217: 7928: 3339:. Al-Ghazali essentially formulates two main arguments for what he views as a sacrilegious thought process. Central to the 3263:

who stated that: "Were the books of Islam all to be lost, excepting only the Ihya', it would suffice to replace them all."

1750: 11706: 10776: 3562:. He was also the first to present a formal description of Sufism in his works. His works also strengthened the status of 17913: 14329: 13542: 13452: 9121: 7768: 7080: 7023: 6884: 4274: 4040: 2432: 2062: 2032: 693: 605: 269: 246: 15646: 13567: 18941: 18881: 18097: 11842: 10750: 10684: 7843: 7266: 7074: 7017: 6510: 6228: 6154: 6105: 6051: 6026: 5708: 5516: 5389: 5007: 4715: 4680: 4639: 4610: 4581: 4246: 4052: 2465: 17391: 17319: 11167: 9042: 9004: 8249: 7675: 7336: 7243: 6861: 6799: 6758: 6724: 6674: 6539: 6400: 6255: 5800: 5749: 5596: 5329: 5297: 4856: 4481: 3456: 3177: 1949: 257: 16706: 7888: 18774: 18182: 17703: 16686: 13512: 11962: 10303: 10065: 9565: 6731:

Abu Hamid Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Ghazali (ca.1058-1111) was a Persian antirationalist philosopher and theologian.

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Namaha-yi ʿAyn al-Quzat Hamadani, ed. ʿAli Naqi Monzawi and ʿAfif ʿUsayran, 2 vols., Tehran, 1983, II, p.103, no 73

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Joseph E. B. Lumbard, Islam, Fundamentalism, and the Betrayal of Tradition: Essays by Western Muslim Scholars p90.

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Abu Hamid Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Ghazali (ca.1058-1111) was a Persian antirationalist philosopher and theologian.

3162: 2492:, a loosely defined group of Islamic philosophers from the 8th through the 11th centuries (most notable among them 2040: 1912: 1879: 15439: 15184: 9125: 6007:

Nicholson, Reynold Alleyne. (1966). "A literary history of the Arabs." London: Cambridge University Press. p. 382.

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The Infamies of the Esotericists, a refutation of esoteric Sufism in general and Isma'ili doctrines in particular

17017: 16965: 16574: 15622: 15286: 14174: 14054: 12468: 12319: 11228: 10531: 9732: 8616: 8231: 7921: 7427: 3530:(Collection of the Persian writings of Ahmad Ghazali). The other is ʿAyn al-Quzat's own letter, published in the 2224: 1888: 1309: 293: 6139:

Böwering, Gerhard; Crone, Patricia; Mirza, Mahan; Kadi, Wadad; Zaman, Muhammad Qasim; Stewart, Devin J. (2013).

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Böwering, Gerhard; Crone, Patricia; Mirza, Mahan; Kadi, Wadad; Zaman, Muhammad Qasim; Stewart, Devin J. (2013).

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A total of about 70 works can be attributed to al-Ghazali. He is also known to have written a fatwa against the

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Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Abdul Hakam (died 829) wrote biographies and history books, student of Malik ibn Anas

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The Ornament of the World: How Muslims, Jews, and Christians Created a Culture of Tolerance in Medieval Spain

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George Henry Scherer, Al-Ghazali’s Ayyuha’l-walad, Ph.D. diss., Chicago University, 1930; Beirut, 1933, p. 27

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Majmuʿa-yi athar-i farsi-yi Ahmad-e Ghazali, ed. A. Mujahid, Tehran, 1979, 2nd ed., Tehran, 1991, pp. 191-238

4152: 1565: 879: 649:. Al-Ghazali's works were so highly acclaimed by his contemporaries that he was awarded the honorific title " 11426: 4260: 18699: 18293: 18103: 17937: 17890: 17779: 17312: 17280: 16315: 15796: 15468: 15314: 15264: 14705: 14149: 13607: 13602: 13296: 12334: 11967: 11160: 10268: 9888: 9038: 8897: 7665:

The Glimpse: The Inner teaching of Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazzali's Mishkat al-Anwar (The Niche for Lights)

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Much of Al-Ghazali's work stemmed around his spiritual crises following his appointment as the head of the

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Bosworth, C. E. (1968). "The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World". In Boyle, J. A. (ed.).

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are the names of the Chapters or Sections of al-Ghazali's books that are mistakenly thought by him

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Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (2014). "Happiness and the Attainment of Happiness: An Islamic Perspective".

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persecution and strife that occurred often during this time period between various Islamic sects.

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and its integration and acceptance in mainstream Islam. As a scholar of Islam, he belonged to the

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At the insistence of his students in Jerusalem, al-Ghazali wrote a concise exposition of Islam.

5985:, 1953, No. 34, 13. (presentation, the British Psycho-Analytical Society, London, May 2nd, 1951) 275: 18510: 18410: 18380: 18359: 18334: 17491: 16855: 16809: 16198: 15879: 15374: 15035: 14965: 14925: 14910: 14590: 14344: 14249: 14234: 14225: 14104: 14069: 13994: 12799: 12779: 12629: 12299: 11927: 11818: 11792: 11777: 11757: 11655: 11650: 11093: 11043: 11038: 11004: 10872: 10699: 10689: 10521: 9995: 9846: 9804: 9636: 9463: 7976: 7004:

At the insistence of his students in Jerusalem, al-Ghazali wrote a concise exposition of Islam

6097: 6087: 5121: 4707: 4697: 2614: 1759: 1607: 1510: 1414: 1176: 783: 416: 12666: 6963: 4916: 3430:), is considered a work of major importance. In it, al-Ghazali recounts how, once a crisis of 3335:

Al-Ghazali crafted his rebuttal of the Aristotelian viewpoint on the creation of the world in

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The influence of Al-Ghazali's book is still debated. Professor of Arabic and Islamic Science

2311: 2085: 2024: 1659: 1387: 1212: 1158: 1098: 1062: 698: 366: 361: 332: 18821: 16773: 12769: 9195: 7879:"Al-Ghazali Contra Aristotle: An Unforeseen Overture to Science In Eleventh-Century Baghdad" 7795: 6879: 3352: 18831: 18826: 18811: 18545: 18540: 18525: 18520: 18460: 18445: 18298: 18043: 17867: 17773: 17737: 17725: 17697: 17626: 17620: 17503: 17409: 16519: 15926: 15784: 15709: 15554: 15369: 15217: 15122: 15101: 14960: 14915: 14900: 14449: 14299: 14289: 14274: 14094: 14059: 14049: 14044: 14019: 13462: 13342: 13111: 12918: 12759: 12686: 12378: 12339: 12324: 11858: 11782: 11752: 11416: 11283: 11268: 11238: 11191: 11108: 10984: 10918: 10867: 10862: 10791: 10781: 10161: 10095: 9870: 9768: 9720: 9666: 9415: 9325: 9319: 9103: 8877: 8732: 8643:(748–822) wrote history books like Kitab al-Tarikh wa al-Maghazi, student of Malik ibn Anas 8518: 8243: 6125: 5214: 4427: 4407: 3507: 3478: 3155: 3115: 3057: 2984: 2092: 1650: 1528: 1423: 1396: 1290: 1272: 1125: 1116: 869: 702: 613: 426: 391: 12933: 9181:

Key: Travelled extensively collecting the sayings of Muhammad and compiled books of hadith

8: 18801: 18435: 18283: 18013: 17978: 17838: 17749: 17602: 17403: 17191: 16958: 16753: 16524: 16255: 16132: 15771: 15071: 14997: 14339: 13989: 13803: 13652: 13532: 13502: 13422: 12948: 12888: 12209: 12129: 11767: 11536: 11457: 11308: 11183: 11068: 10999: 10979: 10938: 10415: 10380: 9858: 9780: 9750: 9559: 9517: 9499: 9445: 9379: 9203: 8867: 8399: 8393: 8067: 7456: 6317:"Many orientalists argue that Ghazali's Tahafut is responsible for the age of decline in 6093: 5423: 4703: 4661: 4602: 3675: 3392:

Last page of al-Ghazali's autobiography in MS Istanbul, Shehid Ali Pasha no. 1712, dated

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He underwent a spiritual crisis in 1095, which some speculate was brought on by clinical

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Abū Ḥāmid b. Muḥammad b. Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-Ghazzālī, "al-Munqidh min al-Ḍalāl" in

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Islam, Fundamentalism, and the Betrayal of Tradition: Essays by Western Muslim Scholars

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the name of the manuscripts of al-Ghazali's works in different libraries of the world:

3603: 3439: 2949: 2591: 1931: 1852: 1828: 1701: 1248: 317: 139: 17098: 13096: 9056:(874–936) wrote Maqālāt al-islāmīyīn, Kitāb al-luma, Kitāb al-ibāna 'an usūl al-diyāna 3637:) is greatly influenced by his teaching. People refer to him as the "Proof of Islam". 3490:

by the edition of Hussain Khadev-jam, a renowned Iranian scholar. It is translated to

2583: 18841: 18744: 18719: 18616: 18349: 18073: 18007: 17960: 17907: 17335: 17148: 17114: 17058: 16296: 16235: 16142: 15850: 15714: 15563: 15509: 15405: 15040: 15007: 14935: 14930: 14890: 14878: 14863: 14843: 14744: 14720: 14546: 14369: 14209: 14144: 13627: 13572: 13412: 13201: 12863: 12789: 12764: 12566: 12368: 11605: 11511: 11436: 10994: 10913: 10837: 10248: 10107: 10077: 10035: 9307: 8761: 8604: 8510: 7671: 7634: 7567: 7544:"Al-Ghazali and the Golden Rule: Ethics of Reciprocity in the Works of a Muslim Sage" 7528: 7476: 7332: 7239: 7163: 7120: 7070: 7013: 6991: 6857: 6795: 6754: 6720: 6670: 6535: 6506: 6440: 6419: 6396: 6385: 6251: 6224: 6188: 6150: 6101: 6047: 6022: 5955: 5796: 5745: 5730: 5704: 5612: 5592: 5512: 5486: 5385: 5325: 5293: 5048: 5003: 4958: 4920: 4852: 4764: 4711: 4676: 4635: 4606: 4577: 4540: 3645:

Al-Ghazali mentioned the number of his works "more than 70" in one of his letters to

3594:

philosophers. Some of the more notable philosophers and scholars in the west include

3105: 3100: 2417: 2160: 2115: 1958: 1819: 1194: 621: 167: 158: 16301: 12681: 7838: 7448: 6690: 5345: 4227: 4043:), Book refutes the Greek Philosophy aiming at Avicenna and al-Farabi; and of which 3734:

books of other unknown scholars/writers regarding al-Ghazali's life and personality

386: 18816: 18764: 18759: 18631: 18268: 18199: 17954: 17632: 17608: 16111: 16085: 15788: 15461: 15364: 15205: 15087: 14940: 14920: 14905: 14470: 14129: 13897: 13632: 13562: 13332: 13251: 13246: 13171: 13146: 13091: 13081: 13071: 13041: 13021: 13011: 12878: 12873: 12831: 12774: 12571: 12254: 12249: 12224: 12169: 12144: 11615: 11600: 11546: 11477: 11396: 11391: 11118: 11088: 11063: 11048: 10908: 10674: 10509: 10151: 10041: 9547: 9493: 9481: 9256: 9046: 8978: 8871: 8857: 8746: 8387: 8237: 7972: 7833: 7752: 7748: 7744: 7740: 7702: 7555: 7520: 7501: 7468: 7436: 7153: 6977: 6849: 6750: 6247:

Heaven on Earth: A Journey Through Shari'a Law from the Deserts of Ancient Arabia .

5935: 5896: 5652: 5476: 5373: 4798: 4744: 4501: 4459: 4328: 3499: 3491: 3469: 3388: 2741: 2721: 2518:(scientists, physicists, mathematicians, logicians). The attack peaked in his book 1861: 1734: 1710: 1692: 1221: 737: 629: 617: 531: 525: 487: 13236: 7633:(2 vols.), Edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014. 7559: 7044: 7009:

Before their diaspora : a photographic history of the Palestinians, 1876–1948

5066: 918: 18415: 18121: 17931: 17685: 17667: 17186: 17073: 16655: 16005: 15990: 15952: 15919: 15894: 15808: 15755: 15656: 15651: 15627: 15541: 15444: 15391: 15386: 14873: 14776: 14771: 14754: 14715: 14655: 14612: 14419: 14349: 14154: 13902: 13689: 13362: 13281: 13241: 13211: 13196: 13161: 13156: 13126: 13101: 13086: 13061: 13046: 12981: 12958: 12943: 12928: 12913: 12784: 12739: 12724: 12714: 12536: 12531: 12388: 12383: 12363: 12351: 11431: 11406: 11351: 11103: 11098: 11053: 10514: 10499: 10494: 10112: 10089: 9523: 9505: 9095: 8966: 8911: 8887: 8217: 8083: 7824: 7763: 7759: 7408: 7322: 7293: 7233: 6853: 6178: 5381: 5185: 4355:"If there had been a prophet after Muhammad, al-Ghazali would have been the man". 3599: 3148: 3004: 2849: 2756: 2746: 2177: 1810: 1783: 843:, abandoned his career and left Baghdad on the pretext of going on pilgrimage to 793: 481: 471: 459: 70: 16795: 7631:

Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God

7180:

al-Wafa bi'l wafayat, p. 274 - 277. Also see Tabaqat al-Shafiyya, subki, 4, 101.

7111: 3578:

territories and were gaining more and more power during al-Ghazali's period, as

2480:

also marked a turning point in Islamic philosophy in its vehement rejections of

2338:

Al-Ghazali contributed significantly to the development of a systematic view of

18749: 18739: 18646: 18580: 18570: 18495: 18475: 18364: 18115: 18091: 17655: 17590: 17525: 17433: 17208: 17127: 16993: 16970: 16953: 16799: 16724: 16648: 16169: 16075: 15684: 15639: 15634: 15485: 15454: 15359: 15242: 15080: 14833: 14766: 14759: 14749: 14597: 14334: 14195: 14124: 14099: 13959: 13892: 13808: 13679: 13587: 13577: 13306: 13181: 13166: 13141: 13136: 13131: 13076: 13051: 13006: 12986: 12848: 12819: 12794: 12749: 12729: 12691: 12646: 12526: 12516: 12373: 12204: 12017: 11665: 11566: 11487: 11482: 11371: 11356: 11323: 11278: 11207: 11033: 11009: 10989: 10969: 10504: 10385: 10210: 10146: 9894: 9864: 9702: 9630: 9577: 8849: 8772:(died 833) wrote early history and As-Sirah an-Nabawiyyah, Muhammad's biography 8742: 8628: 8583:(699–767) wrote Al Fiqh Al Akbar and Kitab Al-Athar, jurisprudence followed by 8225: 7868: 7524: 6220: 4419: 3634: 2889: 2854: 2736: 2696: 2681: 2563: 2501: 2165: 2100: 1641: 1239: 1230: 956: 847:. Making arrangements for his family, he disposed of his wealth and adopted an 821: 745: 411: 17168: 16975: 16162: 8619:(702–765) Muhammad and Ali's great great grand son, jurisprudence followed by 7506: 7489: 7440: 7158: 6927: 6905: 5939: 5669: 5481: 4748: 2716: 2381: 18795: 18754: 18724: 18651: 18354: 18085: 18025: 17984: 17832: 17791: 17679: 17567: 17427: 17368: 17132: 17062: 17042: 17004: 16623: 16608: 16372:

Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥāmmad ibn Karrām ibn Arrāk ibn Huzāba ibn al-Barā’ as-Sijjī

16179: 16104: 15914: 15875: 15862: 15837: 15743: 15532: 15504: 15381: 15335: 15253: 14952: 14853: 14838: 14828: 14663: 14625: 14602: 14564: 14475: 14205: 14199: 14189: 14177: 13612: 13442: 13352: 13301: 13271: 13261: 13191: 13186: 13176: 13036: 13026: 13016: 12991: 12858: 12836: 12754: 12661: 12634: 12619: 12561: 12244: 11742: 11462: 11411: 11298: 11273: 11262: 10923: 10847: 10821: 10755: 10205: 10029: 9940: 9912: 9852: 9810: 9385: 9361: 9008: 7706: 7623: 7167: 6964:"The Notion of illumination in the perspective of Ghazali's Mishkat Al-Anwar" 6791:

Early Islamic Mysticism: Sufi, Qurʼan, Miraj, Poetic and Theological Writings

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Before their diaspora: a photographic history of the Palestinians, 1876–1948

5972:. Ed. by Aḥmad Shams al-Dīn (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1988), 29, 60 4781: 728:. He was a Muslim scholar, law specialist, rationalist, and spiritualist of 18656: 18606: 18565: 18530: 18303: 18288: 18109: 17861: 17761: 17638: 17596: 17461: 17160: 17089: 16877:

Abū’l-Huzayl Muḥāmmad ibn al-Huzayl ibn Abdillāh al-Allāf al-Abdī al-Bāsrī

16817: 16790: 16781: 16681: 16158: 15974: 15909: 15602: 15499: 15490: 15396: 15150: 14818: 14737: 14668: 14532: 14029: 13969: 13944: 13925: 13592: 13276: 13266: 13256: 13121: 13116: 13056: 13031: 13001: 12996: 12903: 12898: 12744: 12624: 12358: 12294: 12164: 12154: 12149: 12068: 12058: 12002: 11892: 11797: 11787: 11541: 11452: 11381: 11346: 11113: 11058: 10882: 10811: 10567: 10552: 10390: 9989: 9964: 9958: 9935: 9726: 9439: 9391: 9337: 9301: 9246: 9226: 9079: 8907: 8881: 8727: 8610: 8095: 7849: 7777:

Full French text of the Deliverance from error, Préservatif contre l'erreur

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Freedom and fulfillment: "al-Munqidh min al-Dalal" and other relevant works

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Terence Lovat, Handbook of Moral Motivation: Theories, Models, Applications

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Bridling the Common Folk Away From the Science of Theological Speculation

18734: 18575: 18560: 18555: 18535: 18515: 18253: 18238: 18213: 18079: 17925: 17549: 17445: 17142: 16864: 16832: 16777: 16643: 16341: 16306: 16288: 16080: 15817: 15747: 15427: 15326: 14895: 14868: 14858: 14795: 14700: 14690: 14685: 14517: 14500: 14324: 14239: 14079: 13954: 13291: 13286: 13221: 13216: 13066: 12938: 12893: 12883: 12676: 12671: 12609: 12546: 12329: 12304: 12229: 12189: 12159: 12134: 12114: 12093: 12073: 12053: 12043: 12012: 11877: 11802: 11640: 11571: 11556: 11531: 11497: 11421: 11386: 11366: 11361: 11293: 11223: 10974: 10898: 10704: 10101: 9792: 9660: 9592: 9582: 9427: 9091: 8584: 7739:

Translation of the Ihya ulum al-din (The Revival of Religious Sciences),

7722: 6418:

Hunt Janin, The Pursuit of Learning in the Islamic World 610-2003, p 83.

5588: 4435: 3883: 3630: 3563: 3397: 3354:

The Decisive Criterion for Distinguishing Islam from Clandestine Unbelief

2939: 2751: 1519: 1107: 946: 864:

and Mecca in 1096, he returned to Tus to spend the next several years in

764: 436: 11152: 7584: 6982: 6663:

The Politics of Social Transformation in Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan

5947: 5923: 5318:

The Politics of Social Transformation in Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan

4756: 4732: 2544: 18704: 18611: 18485: 18470: 18430: 18425: 18420: 18390: 18278: 18243: 17820: 17814: 17785: 17755: 17731: 17691: 17561: 17555: 17537: 17531: 17351: 17347: 16786: 16583: 16364: 16310: 16208: 16146: 16097: 16063: 16016: 15937: 15870: 15857: 15775: 15751: 15680: 15585: 15527: 15449: 15352: 14725: 14489: 14485: 14319: 14244: 14220: 14185: 14139: 14074: 14034: 14009: 13949: 13939: 13674: 13482: 13382: 13231: 13151: 12923: 12814: 12656: 12599: 12576: 12490: 12480: 12448: 12393: 12219: 12199: 12124: 12088: 11992: 11977: 11902: 11827: 11721: 11561: 11551: 10903: 10806: 10640: 10484: 9983: 9828: 9816: 9744: 9708: 9696: 9678: 9648: 9606: 9600: 9451: 9403: 9355: 9349: 8974: 8769: 8620: 8580: 6278:. Translated by Michael E. Marmura. 2nd ed, Provo Utah, 2000, pp.116-7. 5908: 4423: 4415: 4403: 4364: 3607: 3595: 3110: 3095: 2914: 2909: 2894: 2869: 2691: 2441: 2401: 2343: 1598: 1405: 1345: 1318: 1134: 1089: 1080: 1002: 951: 930: 848: 801: 797: 668: 421: 406: 401: 381: 322: 230: 196: 14570:

Abū’l-Hūsayn Abdūrrāhīm ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Uthmān al-Hayyāt (Hayyātīyya)

14429:

Abū Abdirrahmān Bishr ibn Ghiyāth ibn Abī Karīma al-Marīsī al-Baghdādī

3482:(The Alchemy of Happiness). It is al-Ghazali's own Persian version of 2351: 759:. This marked the start of Seljuk influence over Caliphate. While the 18490: 18344: 18258: 18167: 18067: 17826: 17673: 17497: 17479: 17415: 17374: 17046: 17034: 17012: 16943: 16856:

Abū Abdi’l-Lāh Ahmad ibn Abī Du'ad Faraj ibn Carīr ibn Mâlik al-Iyādī

16847: 16748: 16693: 16618: 16272: 16267: 16193: 16137: 15883: 15738: 15731: 15607: 15518: 15432: 15412: 15257: 15198: 14710: 14678: 14633:

Abū ʿAbdillāh al-Husayn ibn Muḥāmmad ibn ʿAbdillāh an-Najjār ar-Rāzī

14521: 14399: 14314: 14309: 14119: 14084: 13979: 13974: 13372: 13311: 12868: 12511: 12438: 12423: 12344: 12264: 12259: 12184: 12139: 12119: 12098: 12083: 12063: 12048: 11912: 11872: 11762: 11670: 11660: 11630: 10964: 10852: 10786: 10730: 10679: 10547: 10489: 10479: 10288: 10230: 10053: 9930: 9882: 9834: 9774: 9738: 9618: 9487: 9475: 9457: 9421: 9367: 9331: 9313: 9107: 8962: 8723: 8640: 8600: 8077: 7490:"The Mujaddid of His Age: Al-Ghazali and His Inner Spiritual Journey" 7328: 7142:"The Mujaddid of his age: Al-Ghazali and his inner spiritual journey" 6846:

Phenomenology/Ontopoiesis Retrieving Geo-cosmic Horizons of Antiquity

5928:

The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland

5465:"The Mujaddid of his age: Al-Ghazali and his inner spiritual journey" 5446: 5047:

James Robert Brown, Philosophy of Science: The Key Thinkers, p. 159.

4912: 4737:

The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland

4573: 4399: 4391: 4296: 4044: 3653: 3571: 3567: 3443: 3364:

Decisive Criterion for Distinguishing Islam from Clandestine Unbelief

3029: 3024: 2994: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2924: 2919: 2904: 2899: 2859: 2809: 2804: 2497: 2481: 2452: 2386: 2264: 2259: 2237: 1801: 1614: 1327: 1203: 1035: 857: 829: 792:(Islamic jurisprudence) from Ahmad al-Radhakani, a local teacher and 733: 721: 396: 376: 356: 171: 94: 20: 17037: 7801: 6929:

Who is Imam Al Ghazali (r) | The proof of Islam | Shaykh Hamza Yusuf

6746:

Accusations of Unbelief in Islam: A Diachronic Perspective on Takfīr

5900: 5670:"Al-Ghazali's Turning Point: On the Writings on his Personal Crisis" 4205: 3852:

The Criterion of Distinction between Islam and Clandestine Unbelief

18636: 18339: 18313: 18248: 17421: 17231: 17198: 17053: 16938: 16930: 16719: 16124: 16055: 15978: 15961: 15792: 15779: 15612: 15558: 15340: 14788: 14579: 14412: 14004: 13720: 13647: 13226: 12963: 12556: 12521: 12495: 12475: 12428: 12239: 12194: 12078: 11982: 11972: 11937: 11907: 11726: 11711: 11696: 11691: 11610: 11218: 10801: 10740: 10735: 10659: 10557: 10059: 9950: 8596: 8071: 7805: 7146:

UMRAN - International Journal of Islamic and Civilizational Studies

6484:

Al-Ghazali on Disciplining the Soul and on Breaking the Two Desires

5469:

UMRAN - International Journal of Islamic and Civilizational Studies

5242:

The Spirit of Creativity: Basic Mechanisms of Creative Achievements

4496: 4371: 4324: 3619: 3372: 3367: 3311: 3202: 2974: 2874: 2493: 2470: 2456: 2436:("Incoherence of the Philosophers") marked a major turn in Islamic 2393: 2355: 2269: 853: 840: 813: 805: 729: 664: 637: 597: 327: 220: 175: 153: 7198:

Tabaqat al-Shafi’iyyah al-Kubra, Cairo, 1324/1906, Vol. IV, p. 101

6180:

Lost Islamic History: Reclaiming Muslim Civilisation from the Past

18709: 17236: 17216: 17177: 17022: 16869:

Abū Hāshīm Abdu’s-Salām ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb al-Jubbā'ī

16813: 16765: 16612: 16602: 16327: 16276: 16230: 16068: 15965: 15866: 15845: 15724: 15719: 15594: 15545: 15473: 15422: 15143: 15022: 14695: 14509: 14441: 13831: 13684: 13597: 12485: 12453: 12443: 12214: 12174: 12007: 11932: 11917: 11897: 11376: 10582: 10562: 10433: 10352: 10047: 9975: 9287: 9137: 9012: 8592: 8405: 6318: 5437: 5435: 5433: 4908:

Medieval Philosophy: an historical and philosophical introduction

3559: 3120: 3019: 3014: 2944: 2929: 2884: 2829: 2814: 2794: 2766: 2731: 2706: 2671: 2626: 873: 833: 825: 786:, records merely that al-Ghazali began to receive instruction in 749: 162: 27: 7517:

Islamic Spirituality: Theology and Practice for the Modern World

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Translated into English by Mohammed Asim Bilal and available at

6387:

Interpreting Islam: Bandali Jawzi's Islamic Intellectual History

5732:

Interpreting Islam: Bandali Jawzi's Islamic Intellectual History

5416:

Griffel, Frank (2016). "Al-Ghazali". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.).

18661: 18626: 18601: 17241: 17221: 17102: 17066: 16250: 16153: 16090: 15969: 15812: 15766: 15246: 14555:

Abū Mūsā Isā ibn Subeyh (Sabīh) al-Murdār al-Bāsrī (Murdārīyya)

14513: 14460: 13884: 13795: 12433: 12234: 12022: 11997: 11987: 11957: 11942: 11243: 10612: 10453: 10225: 10220: 10117: 8891: 8588: 4411: 3575: 3555: 3495: 3487: 3473: 3206: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3075: 2979: 2842: 2776: 2686: 2651: 2574: 2339: 2242: 861: 809: 672: 642: 625: 609: 588:– 19 December 1111), known in Medieval Europe by the Latinized 238: 216: 206: 14420:

Abū Muḥrīz Jahm ibn Ṣafwān ar-Rāsibī as-Samarqāndī at-Tirmidhī

5430: 4223: 18671: 17972: 17226: 16262: 15887: 15688: 15676: 14478: 14453: 14424: 13813: 12463: 11952: 11887: 10617: 10607: 10602: 10572: 10215: 10071: 9225: 8063: 7980: 7411:, Islamic Contributions to Science & Math, netmuslims.com 5817: 5244:"Persian polymath Al-Ghazali published several treatises...." 4957:

Andrew Rippin, The Blackwell Companion to the Qur'an, p 410.

4360: 3866: 3435: 3198: 2799: 2761: 2701: 2676: 2661: 2656: 2636: 2631: 2621: 2607: 2567: 2485: 2413: 961: 844: 812:. After al-Juwayni's death in 1085, al-Ghazali departed from 646: 601: 555: 508: 502: 234: 225: 186: 129: 8864:

jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni sufi and hadith books

7867:

by Mohammed Al-Ghazzali, the Mohammedan Philosopher, trans.

18666: 18641: 16920:

Abū’l-Kāsīm Abdullāh ibn Ahmad ibn Māhmūd al-Balhī al-Kā‘bī

14464: 14459:

Abū Muḥāmmad (Abū’l-Hākem) Heshām ibn Sālem al-Jawālikī al-

14389: 12458: 11882: 10948: 10842: 10597: 10587: 10577: 10400: 9133: 8089: 7600:

Macdonald, Duncan B. (1899). "The life of al-Ghazzali", in

6364:"How the decline of Muslim scientific thought still haunts" 5028:

Islamic Contributions to Science & Math, netmuslims.com

4666:

Hadith: Muhammad's Legacy in the Medieval and Modern World

3503: 3447: 3190: 2771: 2726: 2711: 2666: 788: 779: 741: 732:

descent. He was born in Tabaran, a town in the district of

645:, appears once every 100 years to restore the faith of the 600:. He is known as one of the most prominent and influential 561: 546: 514: 464:أَبُو حَامِد مُحَمَّد بْن مُحَمَّد ٱلطُّوسِيّ ٱلْغَزَّالِيّ 242: 98: 37: 16880:

Abū Ma‘n Sūmāma ibn Ashras an-Nūmayrī al-Bāsrī al-Baghdādī

7324:

Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance

5882:"Dailamīs in Central Iran: The Kākūyids of Jibāl and Yazd" 5257:

http://www.ibe.unesco.org/sites/default/files/ghazalie.pdf

641:, a renewer of the faith, who, according to the prophetic 18138:

Scholars of other Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence

14823: 12027: 11922: 8057: 7781: 7459:(1995). "Attitudes toward dissection in medieval Islam". 3710:

works which are almost certainly not those of al-Ghazali

3345: 697:("Incoherence of the Philosophers") is a landmark in the 570: 543: 537: 499: 490: 14565:

Abū Alī Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb ibn Sallām al-Jubbā'ī

8749:, jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni sufi and taught 7881:. Richard P. Aulie. PSCF 45. March 1994. pp. 26–46. 7575:

Smith, Margaret (1936). "The Forerunner of al-Ghazālī".

6743:

Adang, Camilla; Ansari, Hassan; Fierro, Maribel (2015).

6646:

Smith, Margaret (1936). "The Forerunner of Al-Ghazali".

5158:

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

5104: 5102: 5077: 5075: 4938: 4936: 4885: 4883: 4870: 4868: 4823: 4821: 4808: 4806: 8764:(778–849) wrote The Book of Knowledge of the Companions 7688:"Causality Then and Now: al-Ghazali and Quantum Theory" 7680:

A comparison between the philosophy of Ghazali and the

7110:

Ghazanfar, Shaikh Mohammad; Islahi, Abdul Azim (1997).

6142:

The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought

6044:

The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought

5696:

The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought

5069:

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, September 18, 2019

4628:

The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought

10201:

2016 international conference on Sunni Islam in Grozny

7461:

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences

6138: 5692: 3678:'s Bibliography of all works attributed to Al-Ghazali 3627:

Ihya Ulum Uddin: The Revival of the Religious Sciences

767:

married his daughter, Arslan Khatun Khadija to caliph

14617:

Abū Amr Ḍirār ibn Amr al-Gatafānī al-Kūfī (Ḍirārīyya)

14580:

Abū Uthmān Amr ibn Bhār ibn Māhbūb al-Jāhiz al-Kinānī

7069:. Washington, D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies. 7012:. Washington, D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies. 6880:"Arabic and Islamic Philosophy of Language and Logic" 6848:. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. pp. 423–438. 5099: 5072: 4972: 4970: 4933: 4880: 4865: 4818: 4803: 4334:

As an example, the Islamic scholar al-Safadi stated:

3726:

books written by other authors on al-Ghazali's works

2546:

The Revival of Religious Sciences (Ihya' Ulum al-Din)

567: 552: 534: 505: 16852:

Abū Sahl Bīshr ibn al-Mu‘tamīr al-Hilālī al-Baghdādī

14450:

Abu’l-Hassan Muqātil ibn Sulaymān ibn Bashīr al-Azdī

7871:(Albany, N.Y.: Munsell, 1873). See original text in 4449: 3861:

al-radd al-jamil li-ilahiyyat ‘Isa bi-sarih al-Injil

3582:

was assassinated by the members of Ismailis. In his

3189:). It covers almost all fields of Islamic sciences: 2444:

led al-Ghazali to investigate a form of theological

573: 558: 540: 511: 493: 456:

Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Ṭūsiyy al-Ghazali

7488:Abd Rahman, Mohd Rosmizi Bin; Yucel, Salih (2016). 7267:"Al-Ghazali and the Revival of Islamic Scholarship" 7221:. Vol. 9. Lebanon: Dar al-Hadith. p. 323. 6843: 6719:. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 77. 3826:The best means in explaining God's Beautiful Names 549: 496: 16896:Abū Bakr Muḥāmmad ibn Abdillāh ibn Shabīb al-Basrī 16844:Abū Amr (Abū Mu‘tamīr) Muāmmar ibn Abbād as-Sūlamī 14558:Hīshām ibn Amr al-Fuwātī ash-Shaybānī (Hīshāmīyya) 9106:(1201–1274) wrote jurisprudence books followed by 7548:Journal of Religious & Theological Information 6498: 6384: 5880: 5729: 5422:(Winter 2016 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, 4967: 2423: 2392:He is viewed as the key member of the influential 782:. Al-Ghazali's contemporary and first biographer, 16384:Haisamīyya (Abū ʿAbdallāh Muhammad ibn al-Haisam) 6742: 4530: 4528: 4526: 3822:al-maqsad al-asna fi sharah asma' Allahu al-husna 3633:, Shaykh Ibrahim Osi Efa, Dr. Abdul Hakim Murad ( 18793: 15313: 14547:Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm ibn Sayyār ibn Hāni’ an-Nazzām 10635: 8408:(682–720) raised and taught by Abdullah ibn Umar 5998:(2004; London: Matmedia Productions, 2006), DVD. 5981:Jacques Lacan, "Some Reflections on the Ego" in 4978:"The Influence of Islamic Thought on Maimonides" 4799:https://phm.znu.ac.ir/article_19567.html?lang=en 3538:was translated into Arabic and became famous as 16711:Abū Abdillāh Mugīre ibn Sāīd al-ʿIjlī el-Bajalī 14561:Abū Sahl Abbād ibn Sulaimān (Salmān) as-Sāymarī 7487: 7294:"When did Islamic science die (and who cares)?" 7109: 6660: 6526:James, William (2012). Bradley, Matthew (ed.). 6217:The cosmological argument from Plato to Leibniz 5315: 5096:Ayn al-`Ilm wa Zayn al-Hilm, Muqadimmah, Page 1 4782:"Imam Ghazali's Teachers: al-Ghazali's Website" 7844:Ghazali and the Revival of Islamic Scholarship 6352: 6119: 6117: 5368: 5366: 4998:Heinrichs, Karin; Oser, Fritz (12 June 2013). 4570:Medieval Islamic civilization: an encyclopedia 4523: 3408:al-Ghazali wrote towards the end of his life, 18183: 17320: 15292:List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam 14642:Abū ʿAbdallāh Ibnū’z-Zā‘farānī (Zā‘farānīyya) 13736: 11843: 11168: 10304: 9211: 7929: 7906: 7207:Margaret Smith, Al-Ghazali, The Mystic, p. 48 7189:Margaret Smith, Al-Ghazali, The Mystic, p. 47 6736: 6068: 6066: 6041: 6016: 5151: 4997: 4839: 4625: 4596: 4123:The Condensed in Imam Shafi’i’s Jurisprudence 3669:Essai de chronologie des oeuvres d'Al-Ghazali 3156: 2459:) drafted a lengthy rebuttal of al-Ghazali's 2319: 288:The Condensed in Imam Shafi’i’s Jurisprudence 12349: 7455: 7139: 6661:Banuazizi, Ali; Weiner, Myron (March 1994). 6311: 6172: 6170: 5462: 5316:Banuazizi, Ali; Weiner, Myron (March 1994). 4537:The Pursuit of Learning in the Islamic World 4232:introducing citations to additional sources 3865:The Excellent Refutation of the Divinity of 3848:Faysal al-tafriqa bayn al-Islam wa-l-zandaqa 3534:(Letters by ʿAyn al-Quzat Hamadani). Later, 3422: 3328: 3253: 3247: 3237: 3227: 3217: 2612: 2373: 2363: 17334: 16390:Ishāqīyya (Abū Yaʿqūb Ishāq ibn Mahmashādh) 12285: 7695:American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 7291: 7045:"The Mishkat al-Anwar of al-Ghazzali Index" 6969:Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization 6334:"Did al-Ghazali kill the science in Islam?" 6114: 6046:. Princeton University Press. p. 191. 6042:Böwering, Gerhard; Crone, Patricia (2013). 6017:Meri, Josef W.; Bacharach, Jere L. (2006). 5983:The International Journal of Psychoanalysis 5363: 4626:Böwering, Gerhard; Crone, Patricia (2013). 4597:Meri, Josef W.; Bacharach, Jere L. (2006). 4068:Criterion of Knowledge in the Art of Logic 3528:Majmuʿa-yi athar-i farsi-yi Ahmad-i Ghazali 3266: 18190: 18176: 17327: 17313: 16411:Tarā'ifīyya (Ahmad ibn ʿAbdūs at-Tarā'ifī) 13763: 13743: 13729: 11850: 11836: 11175: 11161: 10311: 10297: 9218: 9204: 8240:(died 713) taught by Aisha, he then taught 7936: 7922: 7645:Muslim Intellectual: A Study of al-Ghazali 7514: 6303:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6063: 5782: 5780: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5772: 5770: 5768: 5766: 5764: 5582: 5208: 5206: 5204: 4845:Islamic Jurisprudence in the Classical Era 4660: 3882:The Niche for Lights, a commentary on the 3163: 3149: 2358:. Al-Ghazali received many titles such as 2326: 2312: 635:He is considered to be the 11th century's 55: 17615:Shahab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardi 11748:Shahab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardi 11182: 10177:Al-Sayf al-Saqil fi al-Radd ala Ibn Zafil 8258:(624–692) taught by Aisha, he then taught 7505: 7157: 6981: 6827:Quarterly Review of Comparative Education 6458: 6456: 6237: 6176: 6167: 5511:. Columbia University Press. p. 36. 5480: 5272:The Ethics of Suicide: Historical Sources 5092: 5090: 5062: 5060: 4993: 4991: 4953: 4951: 3383: 2533:On the other hand, author and journalist 2190:International Islamic University Malaysia 18932:Psychology in the medieval Islamic world 18897:Economists of the medieval Islamic world 16013:Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah 14552:Abū Bakr Abdurrahmān ibn Kaysān al-Asāmm 11857: 9120:(1058–1111) wrote The Niche for Lights, 7602:Journal of the American Oriental Society 7232:Menocal, Maria Rosa (29 November 2009). 7055: 6870: 6783: 6781: 6496: 6490: 5878: 5859: 5583:Al Beirawi, Abu Ismael (12 April 2016). 5542: 5540: 5530: 5528: 5502: 5500: 5267: 5265: 5252: 5250: 5237: 5235: 5043: 5041: 4901: 4776: 4774: 4222:Relevant discussion may be found on the 3387: 3293: 2380: 705:developed later in 14th-century Europe. 16236:Nafi ibn al-Azraq al-Hānafī al-Handhalī 13433:Reflections on the Revolution in France 11519: 7541: 7515:Saritoprak, Zeki (2018). "Al-Ghazali". 7231: 7062: 7005: 6434: 6291:Medieval Islamic Philosophical Writings 5786: 5761: 5419:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 5415: 5201: 5108: 5081: 4942: 4889: 4874: 4827: 4812: 4656: 4654: 4564: 3694:works definitely written by al-Ghazali 3175:Another of al-Ghazali's major works is 2430:Al-Ghazali's 11th century book titled 2420:to justify his conquest of al-Andalus. 294:On Legal theory of Muslim Jurisprudence 18877:Persian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam 18794: 18197: 15593: 15236:Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity 10318: 9086:jurisprudence followed by Twelver Shia 7897:Profession de Foi de l'Imam Al Ghazali 7354: 7352: 7320: 7261: 7259: 7216: 7105: 7103: 7101: 7099: 7097: 6961: 6877: 6481: 6453: 6288: 6085: 5996:Al-Ghazali: The Alchemist of Happiness 5844: 5815: 5546: 5372: 5114: 5087: 5057: 4988: 4948: 4695: 4560: 4558: 4556: 4323:, al-Ghazali was considered to be the 4195: 3659:Bibliographies have been published by 3522:. Another source is a letter known as 3468:Al-Ghazali wrote most of his works in 2400:and the most important refuter of the 893: 800:sufi from Tus. He later studied under 18171: 17308: 16804:Sovereign State of the Bektashi Order 15312: 14385:Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar 13762: 13724: 11831: 11156: 10634: 10292: 9199: 9183: 9180: 9177: 9174: 9171: 9168: 9162: 9160: 9158: 9156: 9154: 9152: 9146: 9132: 9130: 9116: 9114: 9112: 9102: 9100: 9090: 9088: 9078: 9072: 9070: 9068: 9066: 9064: 9062: 9052: 9050: 9037: 9035: 9033: 9031: 9029: 9027: 9025: 9023: 9021: 9019: 9017: 9003: 8997: 8995: 8993: 8991: 8989: 8987: 8973: 8971: 8961: 8959: 8957: 8955: 8953: 8951: 8949: 8947: 8945: 8943: 8941: 8939: 8933: 8931: 8929: 8927: 8925: 8923: 8906: 8896: 8886: 8876: 8866: 8856: 8854: 8848: 8842: 8820: 8818: 8816: 8814: 8812: 8810: 8804: 8802: 8796: 8778: 8768: 8766: 8760: 8758: 8753: 8751: 8741: 8731: 8722: 8708: 8706: 8704: 8702: 8700: 8698: 8696: 8694: 8692: 8686: 8684: 8678: 8672: 8658: 8647: 8639: 8627: 8625: 8615: 8609: 8579: 8569: 8563: 8561: 8559: 8553: 8551: 8541: 8535: 8517: 8509: 8502: 8474: 8472: 8442: 8440: 8434: 8428: 8422: 8404: 8398: 8392: 8386: 8384: 8372: 8362: 8324: 8286: 8284: 8278: 8276: 8274: 8268: 8260: 8254: 8248: 8242: 8236: 8230: 8224: 8216: 8160: 8104: 8094: 8088: 8082: 8076: 8062: 8056: 8054: 8048: 8042: 8040: 8038: 8036: 8034: 8032: 8030: 8028: 8026: 8024: 8022: 8020: 8018: 8016: 8014: 8012: 8010: 8004: 8002: 8000: 7998: 7996: 7994: 7992: 7990: 7988: 7971: 7969: 7967: 7965: 7963: 7961: 7959: 7957: 7955: 7905: 7798:from Fons Vitae non-profit publishers 7727:. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd. 7574: 7424: 6787: 6778: 6714: 6645: 6528:The Varieties of Religious Experience 6525: 6519: 6477: 6475: 6473: 6471: 6358: 6243: 6211: 5921: 5639: 5637: 5585:Essays on Ijtihad in the 21st Century 5537: 5525: 5506: 5497: 5411: 5409: 5407: 5405: 5403: 5401: 5283: 5262: 5247: 5232: 5173: 5038: 4771: 4730: 4534: 3926:The Revival of the Religious Sciences 3476:. His most important Persian work is 3300:One of the key sections of Ghazali's 3284:The Revival of the Religious Sciences 2553:The Revival of the Religious Sciences 2210:2016 International Islamic Conference 824:empire, which was likely centered in 808:, perhaps after a period of study in 689:The Revival of the Religious Sciences 13750: 11621:Ikhwan al-Safa' (Brethren of Purity) 8234:(657–725) taught and raised by Aisha 7973:Muhammad, The final Messenger of God 7724:The Faith and Practice of Al-Ghazali 7626:, History of Islamic Philosophy 1996 7577:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 7140:Rosmizi, Mohd; Yucel, Salih (2016). 6648:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 6391:. Oxford University Press. pp. 6382: 6076:, Duke University Press, London 1994 5727: 5463:Rosmizi, Mohd; Yucel, Salih (2016). 5212: 5145: 4651: 4351:The Shafi'i jurist al-Subki stated: 4314: 4199: 3839:Jewels of the Qur'an and Its Pearls 3749:Short List of Major Works of Gazali 2522:, whose central idea of theological 16:Sunni Muslim polymath (c. 1058–1111) 18044:Kanthapuram A. P. Abu Bakr Musliyar 16024:ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Hārb ibn al-Kindi 13543:The End of History and the Last Man 13453:Elements of the Philosophy of Right 9122:The Incoherence of the Philosophers 7769:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 7349: 7256: 7094: 6885:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 6276:The Incoherence of the Philosophers 6074:Al-Ghazali and the Ashʿarite School 6021:. Taylor and Francis. p. 293. 5970:Majmūʿa Rasāʾil al-Imām al-Ghazzālī 5816:Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. 5789:Al-Ghazālī's Philosophical Theology 5507:Smith, Jane I. (19 November 2009). 5443:Al-Ghazali: The Muslim Intellectual 4982:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 4553: 4167:Foundation of Analogical reasoning 4117:al-wajiz fi fiqh al-imam al-shafi’i 4041:The Incoherence of the Philosophers 3463: 3423: 2500:) who drew intellectually upon the 2374: 2364: 475: 463: 270:The Incoherence of the Philosophers 247:Principles of Islamic jurisprudence 13: 17914:Abd Al-Rahman bin Ahmad al-Zayla`i 9169:Key: Some of Muhammad's Companions 7593: 6717:Avicenna and the Aristotelian Left 6468: 6019:Medieval Islamic Civilization: A-K 5818:"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica" 5634: 5398: 5286:Avicenna and the Aristotelian Left 4599:Medieval Islamic Civilization: A-K 4376:The Incoherence of the Incoherence 4342:and the jurist, al-Yafi'i stated: 4053:The Incoherence of the Incoherence 3665:The Works Attributed to Al-Ghazali 3640: 2582: 2466:The Incoherence of the Incoherence 2001:Istihsan al-Khawd fi 'Ilm al-Kalam 14: 18953: 18128:Muhammad Jifri Muthukkoya Thangal 16396:Muhājirīyya (Ibrāhīm ibn Muhājir) 9043:History of the Prophets and Kings 7733: 6497:McCarthy, Richard Joseph (1980). 6331: 6289:Khalid, Muhammad A., ed. (2005). 4081:Touchstone of Reasoning in Logic 3457:Varieties of Religious Experience 3323:Revival of the Religious Sciences 3319:Revival of the Religious Sciences 3303:Revival of the Religious Sciences 3212:It contains four major sections: 3187:The Revival of Religious Sciences 701:, as it advances the critique of 258:The Revival of Religious Sciences 17704:Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Mizzi 17371:(founder of the school; 767–820) 16414:Tūnīyya (Abū Bakr ibn ʿAbdallāh) 14636:Abū Amr (Abū Yahyā) Hāfs al-Fard 14508:Abū Marwān Gaylān ibn Mūslīm ad- 14186:Abū Ḥanīfah al-Nu'mān ibn Thābit 13513:The Open Society and Its Enemies 10009: 9252: 9251: 9240: 9228:Ash'ari school of Sunni theology 7809: 7629:Campanini, Massimo, Ghazali, in 7428:Journal of Religion & Health 7395: 7382: 7367: 7314: 7285: 7225: 7210: 7201: 7192: 7183: 7174: 7133: 7037: 6998: 6955: 6942: 6920: 4466: 4452: 4215:relies largely or entirely on a 4204: 3588:The Infamies of the Esotericists 3532:Namaha-yi ʿAyn al-Quzat Hamadani 3132: 2295: 2294: 2283: 917: 876:(Sufi lodge) that he had built. 530: 486: 18887:Scholars from the Seljuk Empire 18852:12th-century Muslim theologians 18847:11th-century Muslim theologians 16966:United Submitters International 16245:Abu Bayhas al-Hāytham ibn Jābir 15623:Alid dynasties of northern Iran 14976:Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi 12320:Family as a model for the state 11229:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite 8910:(died 892) wrote early history 8232:Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr 7850:Incoherence of the Philosophers 6898: 6837: 6812: 6788:Sells, Michael Anthony (1996). 6708: 6683: 6654: 6639: 6625: 6616: 6607: 6598: 6589: 6580: 6571: 6562: 6548: 6428: 6412: 6376: 6325: 6281: 6268: 6205: 6177:Alkhateeb, Firas (2017-11-15). 6132: 6079: 6035: 6010: 6001: 5988: 5975: 5962: 5915: 5872: 5853: 5838: 5809: 5721: 5686: 5662: 5621: 5605: 5576: 5547:Oxtoby, Willard Gurdon (1996). 5456: 5338: 5309: 5277: 5016: 4895: 4833: 3998:Methodology for the Worshipers 3869:through the Text of the Gospel 2425:Incoherence of the Philosophers 691:"). Among his other works, the 18872:Iranian Sufi religious leaders 18020:Cherussery Zainuddeen Musliyar 17260:Sunni schools of jurisprudence 16273:Abū Yazīd Mukhallad ibn Kayrād 14986:Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub 14981:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi 14639:Muḥāmmad ibn ʿĪsā (Burgūsīyya) 14260:Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari 13670:Separation of church and state 13568:Collectivism and individualism 13523:The Origins of Totalitarianism 11402:Petrus Peregrinus de Maricourt 9889:'Abdallah ibn 'Alawi al-Haddad 9005:Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni 8092:(579–644) second caliph taught 8060:(607–661) fourth caliph taught 7818:Ghazzali (450-505H) الغزَّالِي 7113:Economic Thought of Al-Ghazali 6878:Street, Tony (July 23, 2008). 6435:Lumbard, Joseph E. B. (2004). 6287:For Ibn Rushd's response, see 6274:For al-Ghazali's argument see 5924:"The Forerunner of Al-Ghazali" 5378:Historical Dictionary of Islam 5186:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary 4792: 4733:"The Forerunner of Al-Ghazali" 4724: 4689: 4619: 4590: 4568:(2006). Meri, Josef W. (ed.). 4482:List of Ash'aris and Maturidis 3702:works of doubtful attribution 2613: 1950:Muhammad Sa'id Ramadan al-Buti 1751:'Abdallah ibn 'Alawi al-Haddad 765:Abu Suleiman Dawud Chaghri Beg 1: 16687:al-Mufaddal ibn Umar al-Ju'fi 15013:Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid 13710:Category:Political philosophy 13583:Critique of political economy 11084:Gholamhossein Ebrahimi Dinani 11074:Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas 10665:Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari 9566:Muhammad Metwalli al-Sha'rawi 8374:Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin 7873:The Online Library of Liberty 7816:A detailed biography on Imam 7560:10.1080/10477845.2017.1281067 7292:Jamil Ragep (February 2008). 7269:. 22 May 2013. Archived from 6439:. World Wisdom. p. 291. 5862:The Cambridge History of Iran 5161:(5th ed.). HarperCollins 4507: 4153:The Clarified in Legal Theory 4064:Miyar al-Ilm fi fan al-Mantiq 3809:Iljām al-Awām an Ilm il-Kalām 2033:Sharh al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyya 1913:Muhammad Mitwalli al-Sha'rawi 1880:Muhammad al-'Arabi al-Tabbani 820:, the powerful vizier of the 714: 663:. Al-Ghazali was a prominent 596:, was a Persian Sunni Muslim 582: 86: 18104:Muhammad bin Yahya al-Ninowy 17938:Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi 17891:Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad 17780:Ali ibn Abu Bakr al-Haythami 16375:ʿĀbidīyya (ʿUthmān al-ʿĀbid) 16316:Abd Allah ibn Wahb al-Rasibi 16297:'Abdullāh ibn Ibāḍ al-Tamimi 15315:Islamic schools and branches 14150:Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad 14055:Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam 13608:Institutional discrimination 13603:History of political thought 12335:Negative and positive rights 10751:Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi 9733:Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam 9554:Muhammad al-Tahir ibn 'Ashur 9386:Ibn 'Ata' Allah al-Iskandari 9039:Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari 8898:Muhammad ibn Isa at-Tirmidhi 8617:Ja'far bin Muhammad Al-Baqir 8503:Hammad bin ibi Sulman taught 7830:Works by or about Al-Ghazali 7721:Watt, W. Montgomery (1953). 6854:10.1007/978-94-007-1691-9_33 6293:. Cambridge UK. p. 162. 4517: 4047:wrote his famous refutation 3970:Counseling Kings in Persian 3835:Jawahir al-Qur'an wa duraruh 3549: 3344:which therefore proves that 1889:Muhammad al-Tahir ibn 'Ashur 1310:Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam 708: 264:The Aims of the Philosophers 7: 18892:Islamic mirrors for princes 17973:Abd al-Malik Karim Amrullah 17662:Izz al-Din ibn Abd al-Salam 16307:Abu Qudama Yazid ibn Fandin 15003:Hassan Ala Dhikrihi's Salam 14360:Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi 14295:Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi 13618:Justification for the state 13403:Two Treatises of Government 9536:Muhammad ibn 'Ali al-Sanusi 7808:(public domain audiobooks) 7657:Nakamura, K. "Al-Ghazali", 6556:"SANJAR, Aḥmad b. Malekšāh" 6486:. The Islamic Text Society. 6383:Sonn, Tamara (1996-10-10). 6250:Macmillan. pp. 118–9. 6089:The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia 5728:Sonn, Tamara (1996-10-10). 5645:Journal of Law and Religion 4699:The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia 4445: 4440:Muhammad Ibn Yahya al-Janzi 4147:al-Mustasfa fi 'ilm al-isul 4077:Mihak al-Nazar fi al-mantiq 3566:against other schools. The 2488:. The book took aim at the 2385:Mausoleum of al-Ghazali in 2172:Dar al-Hadith al-Ashrafiyya 2009:Mujarrad Maqalat al-Ash'ari 442:Muhammad Ibn Yahya al-Janzi 10: 18958: 17710:Yusuf bin Ahmad al-Kawneyn 17063:Bandagi Mian Syed Khundmir 16503:Muhammad ibn Ziyād al-Kūfī 16256:Najdah ibn 'Amir al-Hānafī 15934:Nasir Khusraw al-Qubadiani 15418:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab 14674:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab 14305:Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi 14265:Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi 14090:Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi 12288:Bellum omnium contra omnes 11029:Muhammad Husayn Tabatabaei 10929:Qadi Mir Husayn al-Maybudi 10843:Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi 10245:Ash'ari-related templates 10102:Ibn Abdelkarim al-Khattabi 10084:Emir Abdelkader al-Jazairi 9434:Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi 7839:Ghazali and Islamic reform 7659:Encyclopedia of Philosophy 7525:10.5040/9781474297820.0013 7417: 6147:Princeton University Press 5866:Cambridge University Press 5701:Princeton University Press 5451:Edinburgh University Press 5127:Collins English Dictionary 4849:Cambridge University Press 4632:Princeton University Press 4487:List of Muslim theologians 3432:epistemological skepticism 3282:is a rewritten version of 3272: 2550: 2184:Islamic Education Movement 1566:Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi 25: 18: 18942:Muslim critics of atheism 18882:Iranian religious leaders 18680: 18589: 18373: 18322: 18206: 18136: 18098:Ibrahim Khalil al-Bukhari 18000: 17947: 17900: 17883: 17854: 17801: 17718: 17648: 17577: 17518: 17454: 17384: 17361: 17342: 17254: 17207: 17159: 17113: 17003: 16990: 16929: 16826: 16764: 16747: 16634: 16582: 16573: 16512: 16429: 16363: 16340: 16287: 16207: 16192: 16122: 15989: 15832: 15696: 15671: 15647:Extinct Zaydi Shi'a sects 15584: 15484: 15334: 15325: 15321: 15308: 15282: 15227: 15174: 15070: 15063: 15021: 14991:Tayyibi Ismā'īlī doctrine 14951: 14809: 14706:Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i 14654: 14624: 14531: 14499: 14440: 14398: 14219: 14173: 14160:Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki 14135:Abu Ali al-Hassan al-Yusi 13985:Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani 13924: 13915: 13883: 13855: 13822: 13794: 13787: 13783: 13758: 13705: 13555: 13324: 12972: 12705: 12585: 12504: 12416: 12407: 12273: 12107: 12036: 11865: 11815: 11735: 11707:Abu l-Barakat al-Baghdadi 11684: 11656:Abu Sulayman al-Sijistani 11616:Abu Bakr al-Razi (Rhazes) 11593: 11584: 11527:Isaac Israeli ben Solomon 11510: 11445: 11332: 11252: 11199: 11190: 11018: 10957: 10891: 10830: 10777:Abu'l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī 10769: 10718: 10652: 10648: 10630: 10540: 10465: 10330: 10326: 10243: 10196: 10189: 10137: 10130: 10025: 10018: 10007: 9974: 9949: 9591: 9572:Muhammad 'Alawi al-Maliki 9530:Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki 9410:Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi 9296:Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani 9286: 9267: 9235: 9084:Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih 8916:Genealogies of the Nobles 8836: 8830: 8828: 8808: 8806: 8800: 8798: 8794: 8790: 8788: 8786: 8784: 8739: 8737: 8716: 8714: 8690: 8688: 8682: 8680: 8676: 8674: 8670: 8666: 8664: 8660: 8654: 8652: 8645: 8637: 8573: 8567: 8565: 8557: 8555: 8549: 8539: 8537: 8525: 8523: 8515: 8507: 8505: 8496: 8494: 8492: 8490: 8488: 8482: 8480: 8470: 8466: 8464: 8458: 8456: 8450: 8448: 8444: 8438: 8436: 8432: 8430: 8426: 8424: 8416: 8382: 8378: 8356: 8354: 8348: 8346: 8340: 8338: 8332: 8330: 8322: 8318: 8316: 8310: 8308: 8302: 8300: 8294: 8292: 8288: 8282: 8280: 8272: 8270: 8264: 8222: 8210: 8208: 8202: 8200: 8194: 8192: 8186: 8184: 8178: 8176: 8170: 8168: 8166: 8158: 8154: 8152: 8146: 8144: 8138: 8136: 8130: 8128: 8122: 8120: 8114: 8112: 8110: 8106: 7912: 7907:Links to related articles 7865:The Alchemy of Happiness, 7852:, from Al-Ghazali website 7682:Copenhagen Interpretation 7652:A Moslem Seeker after God 7507:10.11113/umran2016.3n2.56 7441:10.1007/s10943-004-4302-z 7159:10.11113/umran2016.3n2.56 6907:Story of Imam Ghazali (r) 6695:The Columbia Encyclopedia 6667:Syracuse University Press 5940:10.1017/S0035869X00076358 5482:10.11113/umran2016.3n2.56 5441:William Montgomery Watt, 5350:The Columbia Encyclopedia 5322:Syracuse University Press 5290:Columbia University Press 5002:. Springer. p. 257. 4749:10.1017/S0035869X00076358 4539:. McFarland. p. 83. 4359:Also a widely considered 4186: 4137:Prunning on Legal Theory 3943:The Beginning of Guidance 3894:Tafsir al-yaqut al-ta'wil 3337:The Eternity of the World 3330:The Eternity of the World 1922:Muhammad 'Alawi al-Maliki 1610:(d. 907/1501 or 908/1502) 1054:'Abd al-Qahir al-Baghdadi 344: 305: 300: 252: 212: 202: 192: 182: 145: 135: 125: 109: 82: 77: 66: 54: 47: 35: 17845:Ali ibn Ahmad al-Samhudi 17744:Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri 16676:Umayr ibn Bayān al-ʿIjlī 15551:Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi 15165:The Moderation in Belief 15046:Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya 14784:Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi 14355:Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri 14285:Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi 13493:The Revolt of the Masses 11773:Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi 11666:Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) 11601:Jabir ibn Hayyan (Geber) 10172:Al-Iqtisad fi al-I'tiqad 10142:Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari 9757:Nizam al-Din al-Nisapuri 9126:The Alchemy of Happiness 9098:followed by Twelver Shia 9011:hadith book followed by 8890:(815–883/4) founded the 7860:The Alchemy of Happiness 7707:10.35632/ajis.v10i2.2505 7542:Parrott, Justin (2017). 6952:, 2 vols. (Cairo, 1961). 5922:Smith, Margaret (1936). 5879:Bosworth, C. E. (1970). 4731:Smith, Margaret (1936). 4512: 4025:Aims of the Philosophers 3956:The Alchemy of Happiness 3799:The Moderation in Belief 3793:al-Iqtisād fī al-iʿtiqad 3288:The Alchemy of Happiness 3280:The Alchemy of Happiness 3275:The Alchemy of Happiness 3268:The Alchemy of Happiness 2407: 2155:Al-Qarawiyyin University 2078:Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya 2017:Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari 816:and joined the court of 784:'Abd al-Ghafir al-Farisi 282:The Moderation in Belief 276:The Alchemy of Happiness 120:Tus, Iran, Seljuq Empire 48: 19:Not to be confused with 18770:Ahmad ibn Nizam al-Mulk 18750:Minhaj al-Siraj Juzjani 17874:Al-Khaṭib ash-Shirbiniy 17768:Badr Ad-Din az-Zarkashi 17486:Abd al-Jabbar ibn Ahmad 17138:Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani 16529:Hammād ibn Abū Sūlaimān 16447:Yūnus ibn Awn an-Namīrī 16219:Abd al-Karīm ibn Adjrād 15158:Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi 15116:Al-Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah 14971:Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani 14375:Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi 14280:Akmal al-Din al-Babarti 14270:'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari 14110:Al-Maqqari al-Tilmisani 14065:Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi 14000:Abu Ishaq al-Isfara'ini 13473:The Communist Manifesto 12399:Tyranny of the majority 12310:Consent of the governed 11636:Abu Ya'qub al-Sijistani 11631:Al-Farabi (Alpharabius) 11314:Dominicus Gundissalinus 11289:Richard of Saint Victor 10761:Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani 10710:Abu Ya'qub al-Sijistani 10670:Abu al-Abbas Iranshahri 10042:'Abd al-Mu'min ibn 'Ali 9787:Shams al-Din al-Kirmani 9673:Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani 9625:Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini 9470:Al-Maqqari al-Tilimsani 9374:Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi 9142:Diwan-e Shams-e Tabrizi 8862:Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal 8256:Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr 7889:Intellectual Encounters 7686:Harding, Karen (1993). 7321:Saliba, George (2007). 7219:Siyar A'laam al-Nubala' 7063:Khalidi, Walid (1984). 7006:Khalidi, Walid (1984). 6532:Oxford University Press 6244:Kadri, Sadakat (2012). 6185:Oxford University Press 6086:Leaman, Oliver (2006). 5847:The Mujaddid of His Age 5793:Oxford University Press 5787:Griffel, Frank (2009). 5738:Oxford University Press 5549:Oxford University Press 4696:Leaman, Oliver (2006). 4321:William Montgomery Watt 4107:Verdicts of al-Ghazali 3979:al-Munqidh min al-dalal 3766:al-Munqidh min al-dalal 3661:William Montgomery Watt 3546:the Kimiya-yi saʿadat. 3428:al-Munqidh min al-Dalal 3359:Al-Ghazali lays out in 2398:early Muslim philosophy 2144:Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad 1968:Muhammad 'Ali al-Sabuni 1556:Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli 1493:Siraj al-Din al-Bulqini 1460:Badr al-Din al-Zarkashi 1442:Shams al-Din al-Kirmani 1337:Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi 1180:(d. 511 or 512/1117-19) 1045:Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini 713:Al-Ghazali was born in 18700:Abu'l-Ma'ali Nasrallah 18695:Abu'l-Hasan Isfarayini 18381:Abu Dawud al-Sijistani 17492:Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi 16810:Galip Hassan Kuscuoglu 16387:Hīdīyya (Hīd ibn Saif) 15880:Baha al-Din al-Muqtana 15375:Khwaja Abdullah Ansari 15036:Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd 15031:Abu'l-Jarud al-Hamdani 14966:Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani 14926:Agha Zia ol Din Araghi 14911:Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi 14591:Abu al-Husayn al-Basri 14586:Al-Qadi 'Abd al-Jabbar 14345:Shah Waliullah Dehlawi 14255:Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi 14250:Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi 14235:Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi 14105:Jalal al-Din al-Dawani 14070:Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati 13995:Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi 12350: 12300:Clash of civilizations 12286: 11819:Renaissance philosophy 11793:Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi 11778:Athir al-Din al-Abhari 11094:Mohammed Abed al-Jabri 11044:Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr 11005:Shah Waliullah Dehlawi 10873:Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi 10700:Abu Sulayman Sijistani 10522:Transcendent theosophy 9996:Abu Hayyan al-Andalusi 9907:Bediuzzaman Said Nursi 9847:Jalal al-Din al-Dawani 9805:Nur al-Din al-Haythami 9643:Abu Nu'aym al-Isfahani 9637:Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi 9464:Ahmad Baba al-Timbukti 9398:Ibn al-Hajj al-'Abdari 8603:and originally by the 7977:Constitution of Medina 7945:Early Islamic scholars 7609:La politique de Gazali 7604:. 20, p. 122 sqq. 7390:Deliverance from error 7376:Deliverance from error 7361:Deliverance from error 5845:Rahman, Yucel (2016). 5655::10.1017/jlr.2013.18. 4668:(Foundations of Islam) 4388:Deliverance from Error 4357: 4349: 4340: 3616:logic into the Islamic 3411:Deliverance From Error 3401: 3384:Deliverance from Error 3254: 3248: 3238: 3228: 3218: 2587: 2389: 2108:Daf' Shubah al-Tashbih 2025:Al-'Aqida al-Tahawiyya 1871:Bediüzzaman Said Nursi 1760:Shah Waliullah Dehlawi 1608:Jalal al-Din al-Dawani 1547:Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani 1511:Nur al-Din al-Haythami 1415:Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati 1177:Abu al-Qasim al-Ansari 872:(private madrasa) and 417:Shah Waliullah Dehlawi 372:Abu al-Qasim al-Rafi'i 18862:People from Tus, Iran 18597:Abu Sa'id Abu'l-Khayr 18481:Ibn Tayfour Sajawandi 18309:Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi 18219:Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi 18062:K. Ali Kutty Musliyar 18056:Mohammad Salim Al-Awa 17809:Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani 17544:Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi 17079:Wallace Fard Muhammad 16031:Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya 15538:Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi 15287:Early Muslim scholars 15095:Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq 14365:Rahmatullah Kairanawi 14115:Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi 14025:Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi 12315:Divine right of kings 11717:Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani 11712:Ibn Bajjah (Avempace) 11184:Medieval philosophers 10878:Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi 10157:Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq 10096:'Izz al-Din al-Qassam 9877:Al-Khatib al-Shirbini 9841:Nur al-Din al-Samhudi 9823:Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani 9799:Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi 9763:Jamal al-Din al-Mizzi 9685:Al-Raghib al-Isfahani 9655:Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi 9613:Al-Hakim al-Nishapuri 9344:Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi 9184:Key: Worked in Persia 9172:Key: Taught in Medina 7791:Islamic Texts Society 7473:10.1093/jhmas/50.1.67 6962:Hesova, Zora (2012). 6950:Mu'allafat al-Ghazali 6794:. New York: Paulist. 6715:Bloch, Ernst (2019). 6407:Ghazali Revival ihya. 5756:Ghazali Revival ihya. 5534:Dhahabi, Siyar, 4.566 5284:Bloch, Ernst (2019). 4673:Oneworld Publications 4396:Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani 4353: 4344: 4336: 4090:al-Qistas al-mustaqim 3510:and other languages. 3391: 3375:, he does outline in 3308:Disciplining the Soul 3295:Disciplining the Soul 3244:The Ways to Salvation 3234:The ways to Perdition 2586: 2451:In the next century, 2440:. The encounter with 2384: 2086:Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq 1660:Al-Khatib al-Shirbini 1502:Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi 1213:Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi 1159:Al-Raghib al-Isfahani 1099:Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi 926:al-'Aqida al-Murshida 699:history of philosophy 680:Nizzamiyya University 466:), known commonly as 367:Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani 362:Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi 333:Al-Raghib al-Isfahani 243:Islamic jurisprudence 18907:12th-century jurists 18902:11th-century jurists 18857:Islamic philosophers 18705:Abu Muslim Khorasani 18411:Abu Qasim Samarqandi 18401:Abu Layth Samarqandi 18299:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi 18274:Abu Ja'far al-Khazin 18032:Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif 17868:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami 17774:Zain al-Din al-Iraqi 17738:Taqi al-Din al-Subki 17726:Safi al-Din al-Hindi 17698:Safi-ad-din Ardabili 17627:Sayf al-Din al-Amidi 17621:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi 17504:Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi 17440:Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari 17410:Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj 16725:‘Ulyanīyya/'Alyaīyya 16520:Al-Harith ibn Surayj 15710:Theology of Twelvers 15555:Rashid Ahmad Gangohi 15102:Al-Milal wa al-Nihal 14901:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi 14300:Siraj al-Din al-Ushi 14290:Nur al-Din al-Sabuni 14275:Al-Sharif al-Jurjani 14095:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami 14060:Taqi al-Din al-Subki 14050:Sayf al-Din al-Amidi 14045:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi 14020:Abu al-Walid al-Baji 13463:Democracy in America 12842:political philosophy 12825:political philosophy 12640:political philosophy 12469:political philosophy 12379:Separation of powers 12340:Night-watchman state 12325:Monopoly on violence 11859:Political philosophy 11783:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi 11753:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi 11727:Ibn Rushd (Averroes) 11702:Al-Ghazali (Algazel) 11417:Godfrey of Fontaines 11319:Gilbert de la Porrée 11284:Hugh of Saint Victor 11269:Anselm of Canterbury 11239:John Scotus Eriugena 11109:Reza Davari Ardakani 10985:Abd al-Razzaq Lahiji 10919:Sadr ad-Din Dashtaki 10868:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi 10782:Afdal al-Din Kashani 10162:Al-Milal wa al-Nihal 10078:Al-Nasir ibn Qalawun 9871:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami 9769:Taqi al-Din al-Subki 9721:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi 9667:Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi 9416:Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi 9326:Abu Bakr al-Turtushi 9320:Abu al-Walid al-Baji 9277:Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari 9178:Key: Worked in Syria 9104:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi 9054:Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari 8878:Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj 8733:Muhammad al-Shaybani 8519:Farwah bint al-Qasim 8244:Said ibn al-Musayyib 7885:Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali 7457:Savage-Smith, Emilie 6482:Winter, T.J (2016). 6126:Encyclopedia Iranica 6094:Taylor & Francis 5629:The Rise of Colleges 5219:Encyclopædia Iranica 4704:Taylor & Francis 4662:A.C. Brown, Jonathan 4603:Taylor & Francis 4535:Janin, Hunt (2005). 4428:Sayf al-Din al-Amidi 4228:improve this article 4133:Kitab tahzib al-Isul 4094:The Correct Balance 4036:Tahāfut al-Falāsifah 4007:Fada'ih al-Batiniyya 3910:Criterion of Action 3667:), Maurice Bouyges ( 3584:Fada'ih al-Batiniyya 2178:Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) 2123:Al-Murshid al-Mu'een 2093:Al-Milal wa al-Nihal 2070:Al-Asma' wa al-Sifat 1651:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami 1529:Al-Sharif al-Jurjani 1424:Taqi al-Din al-Subki 1397:Safi al-Din al-Hindi 1291:Sayf al-Din al-Amidi 1273:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi 1126:Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi 1117:Abu al-Walid al-Baji 994:Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari 703:Aristotelian science 427:Sayf al-Din al-Amidi 392:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi 26:For other uses, see 18014:Taha Jabir Alalwani 17979:Muhammad Hamidullah 17839:Zakariyya al-Ansari 17750:Taj al-Din al-Subki 17603:Abu Tahir al-Silafi 16959:Ghulam Ahmed Pervez 16701:Abū Mānsūr al-ʿIjlī 16673:ʿIjlīyya/Umayrīyya 16471:Abū Sawbān al-Murjī 16133:An-Nafs Az-Zakiyyah 15440:Other Salafi trends 15269:Musta'li Isma'ilism 15185:Eʿteqādātal-Emāmīya 14576:Ja'far ibn Mūbassīr 14340:Anwar Shah Kashmiri 13990:Zakariyya al-Ansari 13653:Right-wing politics 13533:A Theory of Justice 13503:The Road to Serfdom 13423:The Social Contract 12130:Christian democracy 11692:Ibn Sina (Avicenna) 11611:Al-Kindi (Alkindus) 11537:Solomon ibn Gabirol 11458:Marsilius of Inghen 11309:Bernard of Chartres 11069:Seyyed Hossein Nasr 10990:Mujaddid Alf-i-Sani 10980:Mohsen Fayz Kashani 10939:Sayyid Haydar Amuli 10449:Medieval psychology 10421:Natural philosophy 9919:'Abdallah al-Harari 9859:Zakariyya al-Ansari 9781:Taj al-Din al-Subki 9560:Abdel-Halim Mahmoud 9500:Muhammad al-Zurqani 9446:Ahmad al-Wansharisi 9175:Key: Taught in Iraq 8868:Muhammad al-Bukhari 8406:Umar ibn Abdul Aziz 8400:Salim ibn Abd-Allah 8394:Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri 8078:Abd Allah ibn Abbas 7802:Works by Al-Ghazali 7796:Ghazali Book Series 7787:Ghazali Series page 7620:Seyyed Hossein Nasr 6983:10.32350/jitc.22.04 6362:(9 February 2012). 6213:Craig, William Lane 5424:Stanford University 5213:Böwering, Gerhard. 5024:"Muslim Philosophy" 4196:Economic philosophy 4176:The Jerusalem Tract 4020:Maqasid al falasifa 3983:Rescuer from Error 3920:Ihya'e Ulum-ed'Deen 3783:Proof of the Truth 3770:Rescuer from Error 3750: 3679: 3676:Abdel Rahman Badawi 3224:Norms of Daily Life 2433:Tahāfut al-Falāsifa 2150:Al-Azhar University 2063:Tahafut al-Falasifa 1744:Muhammad al-Zurqani 1633:Zakariyya al-Ansari 1433:Taj al-Din al-Subki 1072:Abu Dharr al-Harawi 894:School affiliations 763:'s influence grew, 724:, then part of the 694:Tahāfut al-Falāsifa 606:legal theoreticians 18937:Burials in Mashhad 18690:Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi 18571:Tha'labi Nishapuri 18386:Abu Barakat Nasafi 18214:Abu Hatam Isfizari 18038:Abdul Azeez Madani 17991:Abdullah al-Harari 17920:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan 17474:Al-Hakim Nishapuri 17468:Abu Talib al-Makki 17398:Harith al-Muhasibi 17258:Other scholars of 17149:Islamic modernists 17123:Modernist Salafism 16774:Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar 16733:Abdullah ibn Saba' 16668:Muʿāmmar ibn Ahmar 16553:Ibrāhim ibn Yousūf 16541:Mūsā ibn Abū Kasīr 16532:Muhārīb ibn Dithār 16463:Abū Muāz at-Tūmanī 15785:Astarabadi (Naimi) 15515:Abdullah al-Harari 15469:Muhammad bin Dawud 15402:Syed Nazeer Husain 15137:Tabsirat al-Adilla 15051:Al-Mansur al-Qasim 14886:Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid 14733:Syed Nazeer Husain 14656:Salafi Theologians 14408:Al-Ja'd ibn Dirham 14380:Muhammad Abu Zahra 14165:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan 14015:Abdul Qadir Gilani 13665:Political violence 13660:Political theology 13643:Left-wing politics 13638:Political spectrum 11493:Lambertus de Monte 11473:Francesc Eiximenis 11342:Robert Grosseteste 11304:Alexander of Hales 11234:Isidore of Seville 11214:Augustine of Hippo 11079:Abdolkarim Soroush 10924:Aziz Mahmud Hudayi 10838:Hajji Bektash Wali 10374:medieval astronomy 10320:Islamic philosophy 10054:Abu Bakr ibn Ayyub 9901:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan 9136:(1207–1273) wrote 8844:Isma'il ibn Ja'far 8755:Ismail ibn Ibrahim 8364:Ibrahim al-Nakha’i 8074:'s daughter taught 8050:Abdullah ibn Masud 7983:, and advised his 7823:2020-09-02 at the 7782:Al-Ghazali website 7407:2013-10-29 at the 6910:, 12 November 2023 6633:"Kimiā-Ye Saʿādat" 6505:. Boston: Twayne. 4049:Tahāfut al-Tahāfut 3952:Kimiya-yi sa'ādat 3937:Bidayat al-hidayah 3748: 3674: 3631:Shaykh Hamza Yusuf 3604:St. Thomas Aquinas 3484:Ihya' 'ulum al-din 3440:Islamic philosophy 3402: 2592:Abdul Qadir Gilani 2588: 2390: 2346:school of Islamic 1932:Abdullah al-Harari 1853:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan 1702:Ibrahim al-Laqqani 1063:Abu 'Imran al-Fasi 882:, grand vizier to 860:, with a visit to 744:), not long after 685:Iḥyā’ ‘ulūm ad-dīn 318:Harith al-Muhasibi 309:Influenced by 140:Islamic Golden Age 73:('Proof of Islam') 61:Name of al-Ghazali 18917:Iranian logicians 18912:Iranian ethicists 18789: 18788: 18783: 18782: 18745:Khalid ibn Barmak 18720:Ata-Malik Juvayni 18683:political figures 18590:Poets and artists 18446:Fatima Samarqandi 18350:Haji Bektash Veli 18229:Abu Ubayd Juzjani 18165: 18164: 18074:Nuh Ha Mim Keller 18008:Wahbah al-Zuhayli 17961:Abdallah al-Qutbi 17908:Ibrahim al-Bajuri 17302: 17301: 17298: 17297: 17294: 17293: 17250: 17249: 17059:Muhammad Jaunpuri 16986: 16985: 16912:Sumāma ibn Ashras 16743: 16742: 16594:Dāwūd al-Jawāribî 16569: 16568: 16439:Gaylān ibn Marwān 16336: 16335: 16188: 16187: 15851:Abdallah al-Aftah 15667: 15666: 15580: 15579: 15564:Necmettin Erbakan 15406:Siddiq Hasan Khan 15370:Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la 15304: 15303: 15300: 15299: 15278: 15277: 15218:Tajrid al-I'tiqad 15212:Tashih al-I'tiqad 15123:Al-Sawad al-A'zam 15059: 15058: 15041:Al-Qasim al-Rassi 15008:Idris Imad al-Din 14961:Al-Qadi al-Nu'man 14936:Ruhollah Khomeini 14916:Zurarah ibn A'yan 14891:Sharif al-Murtaza 14879:Muhammad al-Mahdi 14864:Muhammad al-Jawad 14844:Muhammad al-Baqir 14745:Siddiq Hasan Khan 14721:Rabee al-Madkhali 14370:Murtada al-Zabidi 14145:Ibrahim al-Bajuri 13911: 13910: 13718: 13717: 13628:Philosophy of law 13573:Conflict theories 13413:The Spirit of Law 13320: 13319: 12369:Original position 11825: 11824: 11811: 11810: 11580: 11579: 11506: 11505: 11437:William of Ockham 11150: 11149: 11146: 11145: 11142: 11141: 10995:Rajab Ali Tabrizi 10934:Mahmud Shabistari 10914:Jalaladdin Davani 10863:Nasir al-Din Tusi 10685:Abu Hatim al-Razi 10626: 10625: 10286: 10285: 10239: 10238: 10185: 10184: 10126: 10125: 10036:Yusuf ibn Tashfin 10005: 10004: 9512:M'Hamed al-Azhari 9476:Ibrahim al-Laqani 9308:Abu Imran al-Fasi 9194: 9193: 9190: 9189: 9007:(864- 941) wrote 8902:Jami` at-Tirmidhi 8762:Ali ibn al-Madini 8511:Muhammad al-Baqir 8396:(died 741) taught 8250:Abdullah ibn Umar 8220:(died 681) taught 8052:(died 653) taught 7534:978-1-4725-7204-2 7402:Muslim Philosophy 7238:. Little, Brown. 7126:978-9960-06-574-8 6558:. 11 August 2020. 6194:978-1-84904-977-1 5822:iranicaonline.org 5564:Missing or empty 5374:Adamec, Ludwig W. 5189:. Merriam-Webster 5067:Sayf Din al-Amidi 4926:978-0-415-28113-3 4843:(22 March 2010). 4315:Reception of work 4293: 4292: 4278: 4193: 4192: 4103:Fatawy al-Ghazali 3993:Minhaj al-'Abidin 3746: 3745: 3574:) had emerged in 3479:Kimiya-yi sa'adat 3178:Ihya' Ulum al-Din 3173: 3172: 2615:Al-Insān al-Kāmil 2418:Yusuf ibn Tashfin 2336: 2335: 2161:Al-Zaytuna Mosque 2116:Lubab al-Muhassal 1992:Theological works 1981: 1980: 1972: 1963: 1959:Wahbah al-Zuhayli 1954: 1945: 1936: 1926: 1917: 1893: 1884: 1875: 1866: 1857: 1833: 1824: 1823:(d. 1276/1859-60) 1820:Ibrahim al-Bajuri 1815: 1806: 1797: 1788: 1764: 1755: 1739: 1715: 1706: 1697: 1688: 1664: 1655: 1646: 1637: 1628: 1619: 1603: 1579: 1570: 1560: 1551: 1542: 1533: 1524: 1515: 1506: 1497: 1488: 1464: 1455: 1446: 1437: 1428: 1419: 1410: 1401: 1392: 1383: 1359: 1350: 1341: 1332: 1323: 1314: 1304: 1295: 1286: 1277: 1253: 1244: 1235: 1226: 1217: 1208: 1199: 1195:Ibn Rushd al-Jadd 1190: 1181: 1172: 1163: 1139: 1130: 1121: 1112: 1103: 1094: 1085: 1076: 1067: 1058: 1049: 1040: 1031: 1007: 998: 923:Rock carved with 778:to the care of a 647:Islamic community 453: 452: 168:Fatimid Caliphate 159:Abbasid Caliphate 117:(aged 52–53) 18949: 18775:Shihab al-Nasawi 18760:Tahir ibn Husayn 18632:Farrukhi Sistani 18607:Aruzi Samarqandi 18406:Abu Mu'in Nasafi 18374:Islamic scholars 18192: 18185: 18178: 18169: 18168: 17955:Yusuf al-Nabhani 17329: 17322: 17315: 17306: 17305: 17001: 17000: 16762: 16761: 16580: 16579: 16556:Nusayr ibn Yahyā 16538:Awn ibn Abdullāh 16525:Sa'id ibn Jubayr 16495:Ubayd al-Mūktaib 16361: 16360: 16205: 16204: 16174:ʿAjlan ibn Nawus 16143:Maḥmūd Pasīkhānī 16112:Khashabiyya Shia 16048:Bayān ibn Sam‘ān 16006:Abū ʿAmra Kaysān 15789:Imadaddin Nasimi 15694: 15693: 15591: 15590: 15462:Salafi Modernism 15365:Ahmad ibn Hanbal 15332: 15331: 15323: 15322: 15310: 15309: 15206:Awail Al Maqalat 15088:Al-Baz al-Ashhab 15068: 15067: 14998:Dhu'ayb ibn Musa 14953:Isma'ili Shi'ism 14941:Wilayat al-faqih 14921:Hisham ibn Hakam 14906:Allamah Al-Hilli 14130:Muhammad Mayyara 13922: 13921: 13792: 13791: 13785: 13784: 13760: 13759: 13752:Islamic theology 13745: 13738: 13731: 13722: 13721: 13633:Political ethics 13623:Machiavellianism 13563:Authoritarianism 13548: 13538: 13528: 13518: 13508: 13498: 13488: 13478: 13468: 13458: 13448: 13438: 13428: 13418: 13408: 13398: 13388: 13378: 13368: 13358: 13348: 13338: 12414: 12413: 12355: 12291: 12281:Balance of power 12255:Social democracy 12250:Social Darwinism 12225:Multiculturalism 12170:Environmentalism 12145:Communitarianism 11852: 11845: 11838: 11829: 11828: 11591: 11590: 11547:Abraham ibn Daud 11517: 11516: 11478:Nicholas of Cusa 11468:Albert of Saxony 11397:Boetius of Dacia 11392:Siger of Brabant 11197: 11196: 11177: 11170: 11163: 11154: 11153: 11124:Hasanzadeh Amoli 11119:Mostafa Malekian 11089:Taha Abdurrahman 11064:Ismail al-Faruqi 11022: 10944:Dawūd al-Qayṣarī 10675:Abu Bakr al-Razi 10650: 10649: 10632: 10631: 10457: 10444:Medieval science 10439: 10424: 10406: 10396: 10359: 10348: 10328: 10327: 10313: 10306: 10299: 10290: 10289: 10278: 10277:Islamic theology 10271: 10264: 10257: 10251: 10194: 10193: 10152:Al-Baz al-Ashhab 10135: 10134: 10023: 10022: 10013: 9751:Ibn Daqiq al-'Id 9548:Ahmad al-Ghumari 9518:Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba 9494:Al-Hasan al-Yusi 9482:Muhammad Mayyara 9380:Ibn Daqiq al-'Id 9284: 9283: 9279: 9271: 9270:Ash'ari scholars 9259: 9255: 9254: 9247:Islam portal 9245: 9244: 9243: 9229: 9220: 9213: 9206: 9197: 9196: 9110:and Twelver Shia 9094:(930–977) wrote 9082:(923–991) wrote 9047:Tafsir al-Tabari 9041:(838–923) wrote 8979:Sunan Abu Dawood 8977:(817–889) wrote 8965:(824–887) wrote 8900:(824–892) wrote 8880:(815–875) wrote 8872:Sahih al-Bukhari 8870:(810–870) wrote 8860:(780–855) wrote 8858:Ahmad ibn Hanbal 8745:(767–820) wrote 8726:(729–798) wrote 8631:(711–795) wrote 8513:(676–733) taught 8390:(667–772) taught 8388:Hisham ibn Urwah 8376:(659–712) taught 8252:(614–693) taught 8246:(637–715) taught 8238:Urwah ibn Zubayr 8228:(626–680) taught 8098:(603–681) taught 8086:(610–660) taught 8080:(618–687) taught 7953: 7952: 7938: 7931: 7924: 7915: 7914: 7903: 7902: 7895: 7856:Short commentary 7834:Internet Archive 7813: 7812: 7773: 7764:Zalta, Edward N. 7758:Griffel, Frank. 7728: 7717: 7715: 7709:. 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June 30, 2005. 4974: 4965: 4955: 4946: 4940: 4931: 4930: 4899: 4893: 4887: 4878: 4872: 4863: 4862: 4837: 4831: 4825: 4816: 4810: 4801: 4796: 4790: 4789: 4778: 4769: 4768: 4728: 4722: 4721: 4693: 4687: 4686: 4658: 4649: 4648: 4623: 4617: 4616: 4594: 4588: 4587: 4562: 4551: 4550: 4532: 4476: 4471: 4470: 4469: 4462: 4460:Biography portal 4457: 4456: 4455: 4288: 4285: 4279: 4277: 4236: 4208: 4200: 3966:Nasihat al-muluk 3878:Mishkat al-Anwar 3751: 3747: 3680: 3673: 3608:Moses Ben Maimon 3464:Works in Persian 3426: 3425: 3424:المنقذ من الضلال 3419: 3368:Prophet Muhammad 3257: 3251: 3249:Rub' al-munjiyat 3241: 3239:Rub' al-muhlikat 3231: 3221: 3183:Ihya'u Ulumiddin 3165: 3158: 3151: 3139:Islam portal 3137: 3136: 3135: 3070:Topics in Sufism 2742:Sufi metaphysics 2618: 2617: 2577: 2571: 2570: 2557: 2556: 2377: 2376: 2367: 2366: 2328: 2321: 2314: 2298: 2297: 2290:Islam portal 2288: 2287: 2286: 1970: 1961: 1952: 1943: 1934: 1924: 1915: 1891: 1882: 1873: 1864: 1862:Yusuf al-Nabhani 1855: 1831: 1822: 1813: 1804: 1795: 1793:Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba 1786: 1762: 1753: 1737: 1735:Al-Hasan al-Yusi 1713: 1711:Muhammad Mayyara 1704: 1695: 1693:Ahmad al-Maqqari 1686: 1662: 1653: 1644: 1635: 1626: 1617: 1601: 1577: 1568: 1558: 1549: 1540: 1531: 1522: 1513: 1504: 1495: 1486: 1462: 1453: 1444: 1435: 1426: 1417: 1408: 1399: 1390: 1381: 1379:Ibn Daqiq al-'Id 1357: 1349:(d. c. 685/1286) 1348: 1339: 1330: 1321: 1312: 1302: 1293: 1284: 1275: 1251: 1242: 1233: 1224: 1215: 1206: 1197: 1188: 1179: 1170: 1161: 1137: 1128: 1119: 1110: 1101: 1092: 1083: 1074: 1065: 1056: 1047: 1038: 1029: 1005: 996: 981: 980: 975:Eminent scholars 921: 898: 897: 719: 716: 587: 584: 580: 579: 576: 575: 572: 569: 564: 563: 560: 557: 554: 551: 548: 545: 542: 539: 536: 529: 521: 520: 517: 516: 513: 510: 507: 504: 501: 498: 495: 492: 485: 477: 465: 213:Main interest(s) 116: 113:19 December 1111 91: 88: 59: 33: 32: 18957: 18956: 18952: 18951: 18950: 18948: 18947: 18946: 18922:Epistemologists 18867:Sufi psychology 18837:Autobiographers 18792: 18791: 18790: 18785: 18784: 18779: 18730:Abu Ali Bal'ami 18715:Ali-Shir Nava'i 18682: 18676: 18617:Attar Nishapuri 18585: 18466:Hakim Nishapuri 18396:Abu Hafs Nasafi 18369: 18318: 18234:Abu Zayd Balkhi 18202: 18196: 18166: 18161: 18132: 18122:Awn Al-Qaddoumi 17996: 17943: 17932:Uways al-Barawi 17896: 17879: 17850: 17797: 17714: 17686:Ibn Daqiq al-Id 17668:Ahmad al-Badawi 17644: 17609:Ahmed al-Rifa`i 17573: 17514: 17450: 17380: 17357: 17338: 17333: 17303: 17290: 17246: 17203: 17174:Ahmed Raza Khan 17155: 17109: 17099:Fethullah Gülen 17074:Nation of Islam 16995: 16992: 16982: 16925: 16902:Ahmad ibn Hābīt 16830: 16822: 16755: 16751: 16739: 16660:Bāzīgh ibn Mūsā 16630: 16565: 16550:Hālaf ibn Ayyūb 16508: 16425: 16354: 16351: 16348: 16344: 16332: 16283: 16196: 16184: 16118: 15992: 15985: 15953:Hassan-i Sabbah 15836: 15828: 15700: 15687: 15683: 15679: 15675: 15663: 15628:Hasan al-Utrush 15576: 15542:Ahmed Raza Khan 15488: 15480: 15387:Dawud al-Zahiri 15338: 15317: 15296: 15274: 15223: 15170: 15130:Kitab al-Tawhid 15055: 15017: 14947: 14874:Hasan al-Askari 14849:Ja'far al-Sadiq 14811:Twelver Shi'ism 14805: 14777:Salafi Jihadism 14772:Osama bin Laden 14755:Safar Al-Hawali 14716:Saleh Al-Fawzan 14650: 14620: 14613:Sahib ibn Abbad 14608:Ibn Abi'l-Hadid 14573:Ja'far ibn Harb 14538:Wasil ibn 'Ata' 14535: 14527: 14495: 14456:ī (Muqātilīyya) 14436: 14394: 14350:Shah Abdul Aziz 14223: 14215: 14169: 14155:Ahmad al-Dardir 14040:Ahmad al-Rifa'i 13928: 13907: 13879: 13851: 13818: 13779: 13778: 13754: 13749: 13719: 13714: 13701: 13690:Totalitarianism 13551: 13546: 13536: 13526: 13516: 13506: 13496: 13486: 13476: 13466: 13456: 13446: 13436: 13426: 13416: 13406: 13396: 13386: 13376: 13366: 13363:Treatise on Law 13356: 13346: 13336: 13316: 12974: 12968: 12707: 12701: 12587: 12581: 12500: 12403: 12389:State of nature 12384:Social contract 12364:Ordered liberty 12352:Noblesse oblige 12269: 12103: 12032: 11861: 11856: 11826: 11821: 11807: 11731: 11680: 11626:Matta ibn Yunus 11576: 11502: 11441: 11432:Petrus Aureolus 11407:Meister Eckhart 11352:Albertus Magnus 11334: 11328: 11254: 11248: 11186: 11181: 11151: 11138: 11104:Fouad Zakariyya 11099:Mohammed Arkoun 11054:Frithjof Schuon 11020: 11014: 11000:Qazi Sa’id Qumi 10953: 10887: 10826: 10765: 10714: 10644: 10622: 10536: 10495:Illuminationism 10461: 10455: 10437: 10422: 10405:(jurisprudence) 10404: 10394: 10357: 10346: 10322: 10317: 10287: 10282: 10276: 10269: 10262: 10255: 10249: 10235: 10181: 10122: 10113:Ayyubid dynasty 10090:Omar al-Mukhtar 10019:Ash'ari leaders 10014: 10001: 9970: 9945: 9715:Ahmad al-Rifa'i 9587: 9542:Muhammad 'Ilish 9524:Ahmad al-Tijani 9506:Ahmad al-Dardir 9275: 9273: 9269: 9263: 9257: 9241: 9239: 9231: 9227: 9224: 9096:Nahj al-Balagha 8967:Sunan ibn Majah 8912:Futuh al-Buldan 8888:Dawud al-Zahiri 8402:ibn Umar taught 8218:Alqama ibn Qays 8084:Zayd ibn Thabit 8068:Muhammad's wife 7947: 7942: 7908: 7893: 7825:Wayback Machine 7810: 7757: 7736: 7731: 7720: 7713: 7690: 7685: 7669:Abdullah Dougan 7654:, New York 1920 7614:Campanini, M.: 7596: 7594:Further reading 7591: 7535: 7420: 7415: 7409:Wayback Machine 7400: 7396: 7387: 7383: 7372: 7368: 7357: 7350: 7339: 7319: 7315: 7306: 7304: 7296: 7290: 7286: 7276: 7274: 7273:on 30 June 2017 7265: 7264: 7257: 7246: 7230: 7226: 7215: 7211: 7206: 7202: 7197: 7193: 7188: 7184: 7179: 7175: 7138: 7134: 7127: 7116: 7108: 7095: 7086: 7084: 7077: 7060: 7056: 7049:www.ghazali.org 7043: 7042: 7038: 7029: 7027: 7020: 7003: 6999: 6960: 6956: 6947: 6943: 6935: 6933: 6926: 6925: 6921: 6913: 6911: 6904: 6903: 6899: 6890: 6888: 6875: 6871: 6864: 6842: 6838: 6822: 6818: 6817: 6813: 6802: 6786: 6779: 6765: 6763: 6761: 6741: 6737: 6727: 6713: 6709: 6699: 6697: 6689: 6688: 6684: 6677: 6669:. p. 108. 6659: 6655: 6644: 6640: 6635:. 29 June 2021. 6631: 6630: 6626: 6621: 6617: 6612: 6608: 6603: 6599: 6594: 6590: 6585: 6581: 6576: 6572: 6567: 6563: 6554: 6553: 6549: 6542: 6524: 6520: 6513: 6495: 6491: 6480: 6469: 6461: 6454: 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Eugene, OR.: 6210: 6206: 6195: 6175: 6168: 6157: 6149:. p. 191. 6137: 6133: 6122: 6115: 6108: 6084: 6080: 6071: 6064: 6054: 6040: 6036: 6029: 6015: 6011: 6006: 6002: 5993: 5989: 5980: 5976: 5967: 5963: 5920: 5916: 5901:10.2307/4299634 5877: 5873: 5864:. Vol. 5. 5858: 5854: 5843: 5839: 5826: 5824: 5814: 5810: 5803: 5785: 5762: 5752: 5726: 5722: 5711: 5703:. p. 191. 5691: 5687: 5678: 5676: 5674:www.ghazali.org 5668: 5667: 5663: 5642: 5635: 5626: 5622: 5610: 5606: 5599: 5581: 5577: 5565: 5563: 5554: 5553: 5545: 5538: 5533: 5526: 5519: 5505: 5498: 5461: 5457: 5440: 5431: 5414: 5399: 5392: 5384:. p. 109. 5382:Scarecrow Press 5371: 5364: 5354: 5352: 5344: 5343: 5339: 5332: 5324:. p. 108. 5314: 5310: 5300: 5282: 5278: 5270: 5263: 5255: 5248: 5240: 5233: 5223: 5221: 5211: 5202: 5192: 5190: 5179: 5178: 5174: 5164: 5162: 5150: 5146: 5136: 5134: 5120: 5119: 5115: 5107: 5100: 5095: 5088: 5080: 5073: 5065: 5058: 5046: 5039: 5022: 5021: 5017: 5010: 4996: 4989: 4976: 4975: 4968: 4956: 4949: 4941: 4934: 4927: 4900: 4896: 4888: 4881: 4873: 4866: 4859: 4838: 4834: 4826: 4819: 4811: 4804: 4797: 4793: 4786:www.ghazali.org 4780: 4779: 4772: 4729: 4725: 4718: 4694: 4690: 4683: 4675:. p. 179. 4659: 4652: 4642: 4634:. p. 191. 4624: 4620: 4613: 4605:. p. 293. 4595: 4591: 4584: 4563: 4554: 4547: 4533: 4524: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4472: 4467: 4465: 4458: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4408:Fakhruddin Razi 4317: 4289: 4283: 4280: 4237: 4235: 4221: 4209: 4198: 3643: 3641:Number of works 3552: 3540:Ayyuha al-walad 3520:Fazaʾil al-anam 3466: 3413: 3386: 3357: 3333: 3298: 3277: 3271: 3229:Rub' al-'adatat 3219:Rub' al-'ibadat 3214:Acts of worship 3169: 3133: 3131: 3126: 3125: 3071: 3063: 3062: 3043: 3035: 3034: 3005:Haqqani Anjuman 2845: 2835: 2834: 2790: 2782: 2781: 2757:Sufi psychology 2747:Sufi philosophy 2603: 2595: 2594:, Baghdad, Iraq 2573: 2572: 2561: 2560: 2555: 2549: 2428: 2410: 2370:Ḥujjat al-Islām 2332: 2284: 2282: 2275: 2274: 2228: 2227: 2216: 2215: 2212: 2205: 2204: 2195: 2194: 2186: 2180: 2174: 2168: 2157: 2146: 2139: 2138: 2129: 2128: 2111: 2096: 2081: 2073: 2058: 2036: 2028: 2020: 2012: 2004: 1995: 1994: 1983: 1982: 1977: 1976: 1973: 1964: 1955: 1946: 1937: 1927: 1918: 1908: 1907: 1906:14th AH/20th AD 1898: 1897: 1894: 1885: 1876: 1867: 1858: 1848: 1847: 1846:13th AH/19th AD 1838: 1837: 1834: 1829:Muhammad 'Ilish 1825: 1816: 1811:Ahmad al-Tijani 1807: 1798: 1789: 1784:Ahmad al-Dardir 1779: 1778: 1777:12th AH/18th AD 1769: 1768: 1765: 1756: 1747: 1740: 1730: 1729: 1728:11th AH/17th AD 1720: 1719: 1716: 1707: 1698: 1689: 1679: 1678: 1677:10th AH/16th AD 1669: 1668: 1665: 1656: 1647: 1638: 1629: 1620: 1611: 1604: 1594: 1593: 1584: 1583: 1580: 1571: 1561: 1552: 1543: 1534: 1525: 1516: 1514:(d. 807/1404-5) 1507: 1498: 1489: 1479: 1478: 1469: 1468: 1465: 1456: 1447: 1438: 1429: 1420: 1411: 1402: 1393: 1388:Ibn 'Ata' Allah 1384: 1374: 1373: 1364: 1363: 1360: 1351: 1342: 1333: 1324: 1315: 1305: 1296: 1287: 1278: 1268: 1267: 1258: 1257: 1254: 1249:Ahmad al-Rifa'i 1245: 1236: 1227: 1218: 1209: 1200: 1191: 1182: 1173: 1164: 1154: 1153: 1144: 1143: 1140: 1131: 1122: 1113: 1104: 1095: 1086: 1077: 1068: 1066:(d. 430/1038-9) 1059: 1050: 1041: 1032: 1022: 1021: 1012: 1011: 1008: 999: 989: 988: 978: 977: 966: 933: 896: 794:Abu ali Farmadi 717: 711: 658:Ḥujjat al-Islām 630:Islamic history 585: 566: 533: 524: 523: 489: 480: 479: 449: 446: 350: 349: 340: 337: 311: 310: 253:Notable work(s) 166: 157: 121: 118: 114: 105: 92: 89: 71:Hujjat al-Islam 62: 50: 43: 40: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 18955: 18945: 18944: 18939: 18934: 18929: 18927:Metaphysicians 18924: 18919: 18914: 18909: 18904: 18899: 18894: 18889: 18884: 18879: 18874: 18869: 18864: 18859: 18854: 18849: 18844: 18839: 18834: 18829: 18824: 18819: 18814: 18809: 18804: 18787: 18786: 18781: 18780: 18778: 18777: 18772: 18767: 18762: 18757: 18752: 18747: 18742: 18740:Ibn Khordadbeh 18737: 18732: 18727: 18722: 18717: 18712: 18707: 18702: 18697: 18692: 18686: 18684: 18681:Historians and 18678: 18677: 18675: 18674: 18669: 18664: 18659: 18654: 18649: 18644: 18639: 18634: 18629: 18624: 18619: 18614: 18609: 18604: 18599: 18593: 18591: 18587: 18586: 18584: 18583: 18578: 18573: 18568: 18563: 18558: 18553: 18548: 18543: 18538: 18533: 18528: 18523: 18518: 18513: 18508: 18503: 18498: 18493: 18488: 18483: 18478: 18473: 18468: 18463: 18461:Hakim Tirmidhi 18458: 18453: 18448: 18443: 18438: 18433: 18428: 18423: 18418: 18413: 18408: 18403: 18398: 18393: 18388: 18383: 18377: 18375: 18371: 18370: 18368: 18367: 18362: 18357: 18352: 18347: 18342: 18337: 18332: 18326: 18324: 18320: 18319: 18317: 18316: 18311: 18306: 18301: 18296: 18291: 18286: 18281: 18276: 18271: 18266: 18261: 18256: 18251: 18246: 18241: 18236: 18231: 18226: 18221: 18216: 18210: 18208: 18204: 18203: 18195: 18194: 18187: 18180: 18172: 18163: 18162: 18160: 18159: 18154: 18149: 18144: 18137: 18134: 18133: 18131: 18130: 18125: 18119: 18116:Afifi al-Akiti 18113: 18107: 18101: 18095: 18092:Umar bin Hafiz 18089: 18083: 18077: 18071: 18065: 18059: 18053: 18050:Naqib al-Attas 18047: 18041: 18035: 18029: 18023: 18017: 18011: 18004: 18002: 17998: 17997: 17995: 17994: 17988: 17982: 17976: 17970: 17964: 17958: 17951: 17949: 17945: 17944: 17942: 17941: 17935: 17929: 17923: 17917: 17911: 17904: 17902: 17898: 17897: 17895: 17894: 17887: 17885: 17881: 17880: 17878: 17877: 17871: 17865: 17864:(1492/93–1565) 17858: 17856: 17852: 17851: 17849: 17848: 17842: 17836: 17830: 17824: 17818: 17812: 17805: 17803: 17799: 17798: 17796: 17795: 17789: 17783: 17777: 17771: 17765: 17759: 17753: 17747: 17741: 17735: 17729: 17722: 17720: 17716: 17715: 17713: 17712: 17707: 17701: 17700:(1252/53–1334) 17695: 17689: 17683: 17677: 17671: 17665: 17659: 17656:Ibn Abil-Hadid 17652: 17650: 17646: 17645: 17643: 17642: 17636: 17630: 17624: 17618: 17612: 17606: 17600: 17599:(1105–c. 1176) 17594: 17591:Al-Shahrastani 17588: 17581: 17579: 17575: 17574: 17572: 17571: 17565: 17559: 17553: 17547: 17541: 17535: 17529: 17522: 17520: 17516: 17515: 17513: 17512: 17507: 17501: 17495: 17489: 17483: 17477: 17471: 17465: 17458: 17456: 17452: 17451: 17449: 17448: 17443: 17437: 17434:Ibn al-Mundhir 17431: 17425: 17419: 17413: 17407: 17401: 17395: 17388: 17386: 17382: 17381: 17379: 17378: 17372: 17365: 17363: 17359: 17358: 17356: 17355: 17343: 17340: 17339: 17336:Shafi'i school 17332: 17331: 17324: 17317: 17309: 17300: 17299: 17296: 17295: 17292: 17291: 17289: 17288: 17283: 17278: 17273: 17268: 17263: 17255: 17252: 17251: 17248: 17247: 17245: 17244: 17239: 17234: 17229: 17224: 17219: 17213: 17211: 17205: 17204: 17202: 17201: 17196: 17195: 17194: 17189: 17180: 17165: 17163: 17157: 17156: 17154: 17153: 17152: 17151: 17145: 17140: 17135: 17130: 17128:Muhammad Abduh 17119: 17117: 17111: 17110: 17108: 17107: 17106: 17105: 17087: 17086: 17085: 17071: 17070: 17069: 17051: 17050: 17049: 17032: 17031: 17030: 17025: 17020: 17009: 17007: 16998: 16988: 16987: 16984: 16983: 16981: 16980: 16979: 16978: 16973: 16971:Rashad Khalifa 16963: 16962: 16961: 16956: 16954:Muhammad Iqbal 16946: 16941: 16935: 16933: 16927: 16926: 16924: 16923: 16922: 16921: 16915: 16914: 16913: 16907: 16906: 16905: 16904: 16903: 16897: 16894: 16888: 16885: 16884: 16883: 16882: 16881: 16872: 16871: 16870: 16862: 16861: 16860: 16859: 16858: 16853: 16845: 16838: 16836: 16824: 16823: 16821: 16820: 16807: 16800:Bektashi Order 16793: 16784: 16770: 16768: 16759: 16745: 16744: 16741: 16740: 16738: 16737: 16736: 16735: 16727: 16722: 16717: 16714: 16713: 16712: 16704: 16703: 16702: 16696: 16691: 16690: 16689: 16679: 16678: 16677: 16671: 16670: 16669: 16663: 16662: 16661: 16653: 16652: 16651: 16649:Abu al-Khattab 16640: 16638: 16632: 16631: 16629: 16628: 16627: 16626: 16621: 16616: 16607:Abū Hulmān al- 16600: 16597: 16596: 16595: 16588: 16586: 16577: 16571: 16570: 16567: 16566: 16564: 16563: 16562:Amr ibn Murrah 16560: 16559:Ahmad ibn Hārb 16557: 16554: 16551: 16548: 16547:Salm ibn Sālem 16545: 16542: 16539: 16536: 16533: 16530: 16527: 16522: 16516: 16514: 16510: 16509: 16507: 16506: 16505: 16504: 16498: 16497: 16496: 16490: 16489: 16488: 16482: 16481: 16480: 16479:Sāleh ibn Umar 16474: 16473: 16472: 16466: 16465: 16464: 16458: 16457: 16456: 16455:Gassān al-Kūfī 16450: 16449: 16448: 16442: 16441: 16440: 16433: 16431: 16427: 16426: 16424: 16423: 16422: 16421: 16418: 16415: 16412: 16409: 16406: 16403: 16400: 16397: 16394: 16391: 16388: 16385: 16382: 16379: 16376: 16369: 16367: 16358: 16338: 16337: 16334: 16333: 16331: 16330: 16325: 16324: 16323: 16313: 16304: 16302:Jābir ibn Zayd 16299: 16293: 16291: 16285: 16284: 16282: 16281: 16280: 16279: 16270: 16260: 16259: 16258: 16248: 16247: 16246: 16240: 16239: 16238: 16228: 16227: 16226: 16223: 16220: 16213: 16211: 16202: 16190: 16189: 16186: 16185: 16183: 16182: 16177: 16176: 16175: 16170:Tawussite Shia 16167: 16166: 16165: 16151: 16150: 16149: 16135: 16129: 16127: 16120: 16119: 16117: 16116: 16115: 16114: 16109: 16108: 16107: 16102: 16101: 16100: 16095: 16094: 16093: 16088: 16073: 16072: 16071: 16053: 16052: 16051: 16050: 16049: 16043: 16042: 16041: 16038: 16037: 16036: 16033: 16025: 16010: 16009: 16008: 15997: 15995: 15987: 15986: 15984: 15983: 15982: 15981: 15972: 15959: 15945: 15944: 15943: 15931: 15930: 15929: 15924: 15923: 15922: 15917: 15912: 15892: 15891: 15890: 15873: 15855: 15854: 15853: 15842: 15840: 15830: 15829: 15827: 15826: 15825: 15824: 15815: 15801: 15800: 15799: 15782: 15764: 15763: 15762: 15736: 15735: 15734: 15729: 15728: 15727: 15722: 15706: 15704: 15691: 15669: 15668: 15665: 15664: 15662: 15661: 15660: 15659: 15654: 15644: 15643: 15642: 15640:Imams of Yemen 15637: 15635:Yahya ibn Umar 15632: 15631: 15630: 15620: 15615: 15610: 15599: 15597: 15588: 15582: 15581: 15578: 15577: 15575: 15574: 15573: 15572: 15571: 15570: 15561: 15548: 15525: 15524: 15523: 15522: 15521: 15507: 15496: 15494: 15482: 15481: 15479: 15478: 15477: 15476: 15471: 15466: 15465: 15464: 15459: 15458: 15457: 15452: 15447: 15437: 15436: 15435: 15430: 15425: 15420: 15410: 15409: 15408: 15389: 15379: 15378: 15377: 15372: 15367: 15357: 15356: 15355: 15346: 15344: 15329: 15319: 15318: 15306: 15305: 15302: 15301: 15298: 15297: 15295: 15294: 15289: 15283: 15280: 15279: 15276: 15275: 15273: 15272: 15261: 15250: 15243:Kitab al-Majmu 15239: 15231: 15229: 15225: 15224: 15222: 15221: 15214: 15209: 15202: 15195: 15188: 15180: 15178: 15172: 15171: 15169: 15168: 15161: 15154: 15147: 15140: 15133: 15126: 15119: 15112: 15105: 15098: 15091: 15084: 15081:Asas al-Taqdis 15076: 15074: 15065: 15061: 15060: 15057: 15056: 15054: 15053: 15048: 15043: 15038: 15033: 15027: 15025: 15019: 15018: 15016: 15015: 15010: 15005: 15000: 14995: 14994: 14993: 14983: 14978: 14973: 14968: 14963: 14957: 14955: 14949: 14948: 14946: 14945: 14944: 14943: 14933: 14931:Ja'far Sobhani 14928: 14923: 14918: 14913: 14908: 14903: 14898: 14893: 14888: 14883: 14882: 14881: 14876: 14871: 14866: 14861: 14856: 14851: 14846: 14841: 14836: 14834:Husayn ibn Ali 14831: 14826: 14815: 14813: 14807: 14806: 14804: 14803: 14802: 14801: 14793: 14792: 14791: 14781: 14780: 14779: 14769: 14767:Salman al-Ouda 14764: 14763: 14762: 14760:Sahwa movement 14752: 14750:Zubair Ali Zai 14747: 14742: 14741: 14740: 14730: 14729: 14728: 14718: 14713: 14708: 14703: 14698: 14693: 14688: 14683: 14682: 14681: 14671: 14666: 14660: 14658: 14652: 14651: 14649: 14648: 14647: 14646: 14643: 14640: 14637: 14630: 14628: 14622: 14621: 14619: 14618: 14615: 14610: 14605: 14600: 14598:Al-Zamakhshari 14595: 14594: 14593: 14583: 14577: 14574: 14571: 14568: 14562: 14559: 14556: 14553: 14550: 14543: 14541: 14529: 14528: 14526: 14525: 14505: 14503: 14497: 14496: 14494: 14493: 14483: 14482: 14481: 14473: 14457: 14446: 14444: 14438: 14437: 14435: 14434: 14433: 14432: 14431: 14430: 14417: 14416: 14415: 14404: 14402: 14396: 14395: 14393: 14392: 14387: 14382: 14377: 14372: 14367: 14362: 14357: 14352: 14347: 14342: 14337: 14335:Ahmad Sirhindi 14332: 14327: 14322: 14317: 14312: 14307: 14302: 14297: 14292: 14287: 14282: 14277: 14272: 14267: 14262: 14257: 14252: 14247: 14242: 14237: 14231: 14229: 14217: 14216: 14214: 14213: 14203: 14196:Malik ibn Anas 14193: 14182: 14180: 14171: 14170: 14168: 14167: 14162: 14157: 14152: 14147: 14142: 14137: 14132: 14127: 14122: 14117: 14112: 14107: 14102: 14097: 14092: 14087: 14082: 14077: 14072: 14067: 14062: 14057: 14052: 14047: 14042: 14037: 14032: 14027: 14022: 14017: 14012: 14007: 14002: 13997: 13992: 13987: 13982: 13977: 13972: 13967: 13962: 13960:Al-Shahrastani 13957: 13952: 13947: 13942: 13936: 13934: 13919: 13913: 13912: 13909: 13908: 13906: 13905: 13900: 13895: 13889: 13887: 13881: 13880: 13878: 13877: 13872: 13867: 13861: 13859: 13853: 13852: 13850: 13849: 13844: 13839: 13834: 13828: 13826: 13820: 13819: 13817: 13816: 13811: 13806: 13800: 13798: 13789: 13781: 13780: 13777: 13776: 13773: 13768: 13764: 13756: 13755: 13748: 13747: 13740: 13733: 13725: 13716: 13715: 13713: 13712: 13706: 13703: 13702: 13700: 13699: 13692: 13687: 13682: 13680:Social justice 13677: 13672: 13667: 13662: 13657: 13656: 13655: 13650: 13645: 13635: 13630: 13625: 13620: 13615: 13610: 13605: 13600: 13595: 13590: 13588:Egalitarianism 13585: 13580: 13578:Contractualism 13575: 13570: 13565: 13559: 13557: 13553: 13552: 13550: 13549: 13539: 13529: 13519: 13509: 13499: 13489: 13479: 13469: 13459: 13449: 13439: 13429: 13419: 13409: 13399: 13389: 13379: 13369: 13359: 13349: 13339: 13328: 13326: 13322: 13321: 13318: 13317: 13315: 13314: 13309: 13304: 13299: 13294: 13289: 13284: 13279: 13274: 13269: 13264: 13259: 13254: 13249: 13244: 13239: 13234: 13229: 13224: 13219: 13214: 13209: 13204: 13199: 13194: 13189: 13184: 13179: 13174: 13169: 13164: 13159: 13154: 13149: 13144: 13139: 13134: 13129: 13124: 13119: 13114: 13109: 13104: 13099: 13094: 13089: 13084: 13079: 13074: 13069: 13064: 13059: 13054: 13049: 13044: 13039: 13034: 13029: 13024: 13019: 13014: 13009: 13004: 12999: 12994: 12989: 12984: 12978: 12976: 12970: 12969: 12967: 12966: 12961: 12956: 12951: 12946: 12941: 12936: 12931: 12926: 12921: 12916: 12911: 12906: 12901: 12896: 12891: 12886: 12881: 12876: 12871: 12866: 12861: 12856: 12851: 12846: 12845: 12844: 12834: 12829: 12828: 12827: 12817: 12812: 12807: 12802: 12797: 12792: 12787: 12782: 12777: 12772: 12767: 12762: 12757: 12752: 12747: 12742: 12737: 12732: 12727: 12722: 12717: 12711: 12709: 12703: 12702: 12700: 12699: 12694: 12689: 12684: 12679: 12674: 12669: 12664: 12659: 12654: 12649: 12644: 12643: 12642: 12632: 12627: 12622: 12617: 12612: 12607: 12602: 12597: 12591: 12589: 12583: 12582: 12580: 12579: 12574: 12569: 12564: 12559: 12554: 12549: 12544: 12539: 12534: 12529: 12524: 12519: 12514: 12508: 12506: 12502: 12501: 12499: 12498: 12493: 12488: 12483: 12478: 12473: 12472: 12471: 12461: 12456: 12451: 12446: 12441: 12436: 12431: 12426: 12420: 12418: 12411: 12405: 12404: 12402: 12401: 12396: 12391: 12386: 12381: 12376: 12374:Overton window 12371: 12366: 12361: 12356: 12347: 12342: 12337: 12332: 12327: 12322: 12317: 12312: 12307: 12302: 12297: 12292: 12283: 12277: 12275: 12271: 12270: 12268: 12267: 12262: 12257: 12252: 12247: 12242: 12237: 12232: 12227: 12222: 12217: 12212: 12207: 12205:Libertarianism 12202: 12197: 12192: 12187: 12182: 12177: 12172: 12167: 12162: 12157: 12152: 12147: 12142: 12137: 12132: 12127: 12122: 12117: 12111: 12109: 12105: 12104: 12102: 12101: 12096: 12091: 12086: 12081: 12076: 12071: 12066: 12061: 12056: 12051: 12046: 12040: 12038: 12034: 12033: 12031: 12030: 12025: 12020: 12015: 12010: 12005: 12000: 11995: 11990: 11985: 11980: 11975: 11970: 11965: 11960: 11955: 11950: 11945: 11940: 11935: 11930: 11925: 11920: 11915: 11910: 11905: 11900: 11895: 11890: 11885: 11880: 11875: 11869: 11867: 11863: 11862: 11855: 11854: 11847: 11840: 11832: 11823: 11822: 11816: 11813: 11812: 11809: 11808: 11806: 11805: 11800: 11795: 11790: 11785: 11780: 11775: 11770: 11765: 11760: 11755: 11750: 11745: 11739: 11737: 11733: 11732: 11730: 11729: 11724: 11719: 11714: 11709: 11704: 11699: 11694: 11688: 11686: 11682: 11681: 11679: 11678: 11673: 11668: 11663: 11658: 11653: 11648: 11643: 11638: 11633: 11628: 11623: 11618: 11613: 11608: 11603: 11597: 11595: 11588: 11582: 11581: 11578: 11577: 11575: 11574: 11569: 11567:Hasdai Crescas 11564: 11559: 11554: 11549: 11544: 11539: 11534: 11529: 11523: 11521: 11514: 11508: 11507: 11504: 11503: 11501: 11500: 11495: 11490: 11488:Paul of Venice 11485: 11483:Vincent Ferrer 11480: 11475: 11470: 11465: 11460: 11455: 11449: 11447: 11443: 11442: 11440: 11439: 11434: 11429: 11424: 11419: 11414: 11409: 11404: 11399: 11394: 11389: 11384: 11379: 11374: 11372:Thomas Aquinas 11369: 11364: 11359: 11357:Henry of Ghent 11354: 11349: 11344: 11338: 11336: 11330: 11329: 11327: 11326: 11324:Alain de Lille 11321: 11316: 11311: 11306: 11301: 11296: 11291: 11286: 11281: 11279:Anselm of Laon 11276: 11271: 11266: 11258: 11256: 11250: 11249: 11247: 11246: 11241: 11236: 11231: 11226: 11221: 11216: 11211: 11208:Church Fathers 11203: 11201: 11194: 11188: 11187: 11180: 11179: 11172: 11165: 11157: 11148: 11147: 11144: 11143: 11140: 11139: 11137: 11136: 11131: 11126: 11121: 11116: 11111: 11106: 11101: 11096: 11091: 11086: 11081: 11076: 11071: 11066: 11061: 11056: 11051: 11046: 11041: 11036: 11034:Muhammad Iqbal 11031: 11025: 11023: 11016: 11015: 11013: 11012: 11010:Hādī Sabzavārī 11007: 11002: 10997: 10992: 10987: 10982: 10977: 10972: 10970:Mir Fendereski 10967: 10961: 10959: 10955: 10954: 10952: 10951: 10946: 10941: 10936: 10931: 10926: 10921: 10916: 10911: 10906: 10901: 10895: 10893: 10889: 10888: 10886: 10885: 10880: 10875: 10870: 10865: 10860: 10855: 10850: 10845: 10840: 10834: 10832: 10828: 10827: 10825: 10824: 10819: 10814: 10809: 10804: 10799: 10794: 10789: 10784: 10779: 10773: 10771: 10767: 10766: 10764: 10763: 10758: 10753: 10748: 10743: 10738: 10733: 10728: 10722: 10720: 10716: 10715: 10713: 10712: 10707: 10702: 10697: 10695:Ikhwan al-Safa 10692: 10687: 10682: 10677: 10672: 10667: 10662: 10656: 10654: 10646: 10645: 10628: 10627: 10624: 10623: 10621: 10620: 10615: 10610: 10605: 10600: 10595: 10590: 10585: 10580: 10575: 10570: 10565: 10560: 10555: 10550: 10544: 10542: 10538: 10537: 10535: 10534: 10529: 10527:Traditionalist 10524: 10519: 10518: 10517: 10512: 10507: 10497: 10492: 10487: 10482: 10477: 10471: 10469: 10463: 10462: 10460: 10459: 10451: 10446: 10441: 10431: 10426: 10418: 10413: 10408: 10398: 10388: 10383: 10378: 10377: 10376: 10371: 10361: 10350: 10340: 10334: 10332: 10324: 10323: 10316: 10315: 10308: 10301: 10293: 10284: 10283: 10281: 10280: 10273: 10266: 10259: 10244: 10241: 10240: 10237: 10236: 10234: 10233: 10228: 10223: 10218: 10213: 10208: 10203: 10197: 10191: 10187: 10186: 10183: 10182: 10180: 10179: 10174: 10169: 10164: 10159: 10154: 10149: 10147:Asas al-Taqdis 10144: 10138: 10132: 10131:Theology books 10128: 10127: 10124: 10123: 10121: 10120: 10115: 10110: 10105: 10099: 10093: 10087: 10081: 10075: 10069: 10066:Al-Ashraf Musa 10063: 10057: 10051: 10045: 10039: 10033: 10026: 10020: 10016: 10015: 10008: 10006: 10003: 10002: 10000: 9999: 9993: 9987: 9980: 9978: 9972: 9971: 9969: 9968: 9962: 9955: 9953: 9947: 9946: 9944: 9943: 9938: 9933: 9928: 9922: 9916: 9910: 9904: 9898: 9895:Hasan al-Attar 9892: 9886: 9880: 9874: 9868: 9862: 9856: 9850: 9844: 9838: 9832: 9826: 9820: 9814: 9808: 9802: 9796: 9790: 9784: 9778: 9772: 9766: 9760: 9754: 9748: 9742: 9736: 9730: 9724: 9718: 9712: 9706: 9703:Al-Shahrastani 9700: 9694: 9688: 9682: 9676: 9670: 9664: 9658: 9652: 9646: 9640: 9634: 9628: 9622: 9616: 9610: 9604: 9597: 9595: 9589: 9588: 9586: 9585: 9580: 9578:Ahmed el-Tayeb 9575: 9569: 9563: 9557: 9551: 9545: 9539: 9533: 9527: 9521: 9515: 9509: 9503: 9497: 9491: 9485: 9479: 9473: 9467: 9461: 9455: 9449: 9443: 9437: 9431: 9425: 9419: 9413: 9407: 9401: 9395: 9389: 9383: 9377: 9371: 9365: 9359: 9353: 9350:Al-Qadi 'Ayyad 9347: 9341: 9335: 9329: 9323: 9317: 9311: 9305: 9299: 9292: 9290: 9281: 9265: 9264: 9262: 9261: 9249: 9236: 9233: 9232: 9223: 9222: 9215: 9208: 9200: 9192: 9191: 9188: 9186: 9185: 9182: 9179: 9176: 9173: 9170: 9166: 9164: 9163: 9161: 9159: 9157: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9148: 9147: 9145: 9131: 9129: 9115: 9113: 9111: 9101: 9099: 9089: 9087: 9076: 9074: 9073: 9071: 9069: 9067: 9065: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9057: 9051: 9049: 9036: 9034: 9032: 9030: 9028: 9026: 9024: 9022: 9020: 9018: 9016: 9001: 8999: 8998: 8996: 8994: 8992: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8982: 8972: 8970: 8960: 8958: 8956: 8954: 8952: 8950: 8948: 8946: 8944: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8935: 8934: 8932: 8930: 8928: 8926: 8924: 8921: 8919: 8918: 8905: 8895: 8885: 8875: 8865: 8855: 8853: 8850:Musa al-Kadhim 8847: 8840: 8839: 8837: 8835: 8833: 8831: 8829: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8821: 8819: 8817: 8815: 8813: 8811: 8809: 8807: 8805: 8803: 8801: 8799: 8797: 8795: 8793: 8791: 8789: 8787: 8785: 8783: 8781: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8773: 8767: 8765: 8759: 8757: 8752: 8750: 8740: 8738: 8736: 8730: 8720: 8719: 8717: 8715: 8713: 8710: 8709: 8707: 8705: 8703: 8701: 8699: 8697: 8695: 8693: 8691: 8689: 8687: 8685: 8683: 8681: 8679: 8677: 8675: 8673: 8671: 8669: 8667: 8665: 8663: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8638: 8636: 8629:Malik ibn Anas 8626: 8624: 8614: 8608: 8577: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8570: 8568: 8566: 8564: 8562: 8560: 8558: 8556: 8554: 8552: 8550: 8548: 8546: 8544: 8542: 8540: 8538: 8536: 8533: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8526: 8524: 8522: 8521:Jafar's mother 8516: 8514: 8508: 8506: 8504: 8500: 8499: 8497: 8495: 8493: 8491: 8489: 8487: 8485: 8483: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8475: 8473: 8471: 8469: 8467: 8465: 8463: 8461: 8459: 8457: 8455: 8453: 8451: 8449: 8447: 8445: 8443: 8441: 8439: 8437: 8435: 8433: 8431: 8429: 8427: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8419: 8417: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8409: 8403: 8397: 8391: 8385: 8383: 8381: 8379: 8377: 8371: 8369: 8367: 8360: 8359: 8357: 8355: 8353: 8351: 8349: 8347: 8345: 8343: 8341: 8339: 8337: 8335: 8333: 8331: 8329: 8326: 8325: 8323: 8321: 8319: 8317: 8315: 8313: 8311: 8309: 8307: 8305: 8303: 8301: 8299: 8297: 8295: 8293: 8291: 8289: 8287: 8285: 8283: 8281: 8279: 8277: 8275: 8273: 8271: 8269: 8266: 8265: 8262: 8261: 8259: 8253: 8247: 8241: 8235: 8229: 8226:Husayn ibn Ali 8223: 8221: 8214: 8213: 8211: 8209: 8207: 8205: 8203: 8201: 8199: 8197: 8195: 8193: 8191: 8189: 8187: 8185: 8183: 8181: 8179: 8177: 8175: 8173: 8171: 8169: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8161: 8159: 8157: 8155: 8153: 8151: 8149: 8147: 8145: 8143: 8141: 8139: 8137: 8135: 8133: 8131: 8129: 8127: 8125: 8123: 8121: 8119: 8117: 8115: 8113: 8111: 8109: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8099: 8093: 8087: 8081: 8075: 8061: 8055: 8053: 8046: 8044: 8043: 8041: 8039: 8037: 8035: 8033: 8031: 8029: 8027: 8025: 8023: 8021: 8019: 8017: 8015: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8005: 8003: 8001: 7999: 7997: 7995: 7993: 7991: 7989: 7987: 7970: 7968: 7966: 7964: 7962: 7960: 7958: 7956: 7949: 7948: 7943: 7941: 7940: 7933: 7926: 7918: 7913: 7910: 7909: 7900: 7899: 7891: 7882: 7876: 7869:Henry A. Homes 7862: 7853: 7846: 7841: 7836: 7827: 7814: 7799: 7793: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7755: 7735: 7734:External links 7732: 7730: 7729: 7718: 7716:on 2010-07-04. 7701:(2): 165–177. 7678: 7661: 7655: 7650:Zwemer, S. M. 7648: 7641: 7627: 7612: 7605: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7589: 7572: 7539: 7533: 7512: 7485: 7453: 7435:(4): 357–377. 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7413: 7394: 7381: 7379:, § 59, p. 13. 7366: 7348: 7337: 7313: 7284: 7255: 7244: 7224: 7209: 7200: 7191: 7182: 7173: 7132: 7125: 7093: 7076:978-0887281433 7075: 7054: 7036: 7019:978-0887281433 7018: 6997: 6954: 6941: 6919: 6897: 6869: 6862: 6836: 6811: 6800: 6777: 6759: 6753:. p. 19. 6735: 6725: 6707: 6691:"Ghazali, al-" 6682: 6675: 6653: 6638: 6624: 6615: 6606: 6597: 6588: 6579: 6570: 6561: 6547: 6540: 6518: 6512:978-0805781670 6511: 6489: 6467: 6452: 6445: 6427: 6411: 6401: 6375: 6351: 6324: 6310: 6280: 6267: 6256: 6236: 6230:978-1579107871 6229: 6223:. p. 89. 6221:Wipf and Stock 6204: 6193: 6166: 6156:978-0691134840 6155: 6131: 6113: 6107:978-0415326391 6106: 6078: 6062: 6053:978-0691134840 6052: 6034: 6028:978-0415966917 6027: 6009: 6000: 5987: 5974: 5961: 5914: 5871: 5852: 5837: 5808: 5801: 5760: 5750: 5720: 5710:978-0691134840 5709: 5685: 5661: 5633: 5620: 5604: 5597: 5591:. p. 35. 5575: 5551:. p. 421. 5536: 5524: 5518:978-0231519991 5517: 5496: 5455: 5429: 5397: 5391:978-0810861619 5390: 5362: 5346:"Ghazali, al-" 5337: 5330: 5308: 5298: 5292:. p. 77. 5276: 5261: 5246: 5231: 5200: 5181:"Ghazālī, al-" 5172: 5144: 5113: 5098: 5086: 5071: 5056: 5037: 5034:on 2013-10-29. 5015: 5009:978-9462092754 5008: 4987: 4966: 4947: 4932: 4925: 4903:Marenbon, John 4894: 4879: 4864: 4857: 4851:. p. 88. 4832: 4817: 4802: 4791: 4770: 4723: 4717:978-0415326391 4716: 4688: 4682:978-1851686636 4681: 4650: 4641:978-0691134840 4640: 4618: 4612:978-0415966917 4611: 4589: 4583:978-0415966900 4582: 4566:Griffel, Frank 4552: 4545: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4505: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4478: 4477: 4463: 4447: 4444: 4420:Thomas Aquinas 4316: 4313: 4291: 4290: 4226:. Please help 4212: 4210: 4203: 4197: 4194: 4191: 4190: 4184: 4183: 4182:Jurisprudence 4180: 4178: 4172: 4171: 4170:Jurisprudence 4168: 4165: 4159: 4158: 4157:Jurisprudence 4155: 4150: 4142: 4141: 4140:Jurisprudence 4138: 4135: 4129: 4128: 4127:Jurisprudence 4125: 4120: 4112: 4111: 4110:Jurisprudence 4108: 4105: 4099: 4098: 4095: 4092: 4086: 4085: 4082: 4079: 4073: 4072: 4069: 4066: 4060: 4059: 4056: 4038: 4032: 4031: 4028: 4022: 4016: 4015: 4012: 4009: 4003: 4002: 3999: 3996: 3988: 3987: 3984: 3981: 3975: 3974: 3971: 3968: 3962: 3961: 3958: 3953: 3949: 3948: 3945: 3940: 3932: 3931: 3928: 3923: 3915: 3914: 3911: 3908: 3906:Mizan al-'amal 3902: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3890: 3889: 3886: 3884:Verse of Light 3880: 3874: 3873: 3870: 3863: 3857: 3856: 3853: 3850: 3844: 3843: 3840: 3837: 3831: 3830: 3827: 3824: 3818: 3817: 3814: 3811: 3805: 3804: 3801: 3796: 3788: 3787: 3784: 3781: 3775: 3774: 3771: 3768: 3762: 3761: 3758: 3755: 3744: 3743: 3740: 3736: 3735: 3732: 3728: 3727: 3724: 3720: 3719: 3716: 3712: 3711: 3708: 3704: 3703: 3700: 3696: 3695: 3692: 3688: 3687: 3684: 3671:) and others. 3642: 3639: 3635:Timothy Winter 3551: 3548: 3465: 3462: 3385: 3382: 3356: 3351: 3332: 3327: 3297: 3292: 3270: 3265: 3171: 3170: 3168: 3167: 3160: 3153: 3145: 3142: 3141: 3128: 3127: 3124: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3072: 3069: 3068: 3065: 3064: 3061: 3060: 3055: 3053:Notable modern 3050: 3044: 3041: 3040: 3037: 3036: 3033: 3032: 3027: 3022: 3017: 3012: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2937: 2932: 2927: 2922: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2852: 2846: 2841: 2840: 2837: 2836: 2833: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2791: 2788: 2787: 2784: 2783: 2780: 2779: 2774: 2769: 2764: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2744: 2739: 2737:Sufi cosmology 2734: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2694: 2689: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2664: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2610: 2604: 2601: 2600: 2597: 2596: 2589: 2579: 2578: 2548: 2543: 2502:Ancient Greeks 2427: 2422: 2409: 2406: 2334: 2333: 2331: 2330: 2323: 2316: 2308: 2305: 2304: 2303: 2302: 2292: 2277: 2276: 2273: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2256: 2255: 2251: 2250: 2245: 2240: 2234: 2233: 2229: 2225:Related groups 2223: 2222: 2221: 2218: 2217: 2214: 2213: 2206: 2202: 2201: 2200: 2197: 2196: 2193: 2192: 2187: 2181: 2175: 2169: 2166:Umayyad Mosque 2163: 2158: 2152: 2147: 2140: 2136: 2135: 2134: 2131: 2130: 2127: 2126: 2119: 2112: 2104: 2101:Asas al-Taqdis 2097: 2089: 2082: 2074: 2066: 2059: 2051: 2044: 2037: 2029: 2021: 2013: 2005: 1996: 1990: 1989: 1988: 1985: 1984: 1979: 1978: 1975: 1974: 1971:(d. 1442/2021) 1965: 1962:(d. 1436/2015) 1956: 1953:(d. 1434/2013) 1947: 1944:(d. 1432/2010) 1938: 1935:(d. 1429/2008) 1928: 1925:(d. 1425/2004) 1919: 1916:(d. 1419/1998) 1909: 1905: 1904: 1903: 1900: 1899: 1896: 1895: 1892:(d. 1393/1973) 1886: 1883:(d. 1390/1970) 1877: 1874:(d. 1379/1960) 1868: 1865:(d. 1350/1931) 1859: 1856:(d. 1304/1886) 1849: 1845: 1844: 1843: 1840: 1839: 1836: 1835: 1832:(d. 1299/1882) 1826: 1817: 1814:(d. 1230/1815) 1808: 1805:(d. 1227/1812) 1799: 1796:(d. 1224/1809) 1790: 1787:(d. 1204/1786) 1780: 1776: 1775: 1774: 1771: 1770: 1767: 1766: 1763:(d. 1176/1762) 1757: 1754:(d. 1132/1720) 1748: 1746:(d. 1122/1710) 1741: 1738:(d. 1102/1691) 1731: 1727: 1726: 1725: 1722: 1721: 1718: 1717: 1714:(d. 1072/1662) 1708: 1705:(d. 1041/1631) 1699: 1696:(d. 1041/1632) 1690: 1687:(d. 1040/1631) 1680: 1676: 1675: 1674: 1671: 1670: 1667: 1666: 1657: 1648: 1639: 1630: 1621: 1612: 1605: 1595: 1592:9th AH/15th AD 1591: 1590: 1589: 1586: 1585: 1582: 1581: 1572: 1562: 1553: 1544: 1535: 1526: 1517: 1508: 1499: 1490: 1480: 1477:8th AH/14th AD 1476: 1475: 1474: 1471: 1470: 1467: 1466: 1457: 1448: 1439: 1430: 1421: 1412: 1403: 1394: 1385: 1375: 1372:7th AH/13th AD 1371: 1370: 1369: 1366: 1365: 1362: 1361: 1352: 1343: 1334: 1325: 1316: 1306: 1297: 1288: 1285:(d. 630/ 1233) 1279: 1269: 1266:6th AH/12th AD 1265: 1264: 1263: 1260: 1259: 1256: 1255: 1246: 1237: 1231:Al-Shahrastani 1228: 1219: 1210: 1201: 1192: 1183: 1174: 1165: 1155: 1152:5th AH/11th AD 1151: 1150: 1149: 1146: 1145: 1142: 1141: 1132: 1123: 1114: 1105: 1096: 1087: 1078: 1069: 1060: 1051: 1042: 1033: 1023: 1020:4th AH/10th AD 1019: 1018: 1017: 1014: 1013: 1010: 1009: 1000: 990: 986: 985: 984: 979: 973: 972: 971: 968: 967: 965: 964: 959: 954: 949: 943: 940: 939: 935: 934: 922: 914: 913: 907: 906: 895: 892: 761:Seljuk dynasty 757:Amir al-umaras 710: 707: 651:Proof of Islam 451: 450: 448: 447: 445: 444: 439: 434: 429: 424: 419: 414: 412:Thomas Aquinas 409: 404: 399: 394: 389: 387:René Descartes 384: 379: 374: 369: 364: 359: 353: 347: 346: 345: 342: 341: 339: 338: 336: 335: 330: 325: 320: 314: 308: 307: 306: 303: 302: 298: 297: 254: 250: 249: 214: 210: 209: 204: 200: 199: 194: 190: 189: 184: 180: 179: 147: 143: 142: 137: 133: 132: 127: 123: 122: 119: 111: 107: 106: 93: 84: 80: 79: 75: 74: 68: 64: 63: 60: 52: 51: 45: 44: 41: 36: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 18954: 18943: 18940: 18938: 18935: 18933: 18930: 18928: 18925: 18923: 18920: 18918: 18915: 18913: 18910: 18908: 18905: 18903: 18900: 18898: 18895: 18893: 18890: 18888: 18885: 18883: 18880: 18878: 18875: 18873: 18870: 18868: 18865: 18863: 18860: 18858: 18855: 18853: 18850: 18848: 18845: 18843: 18840: 18838: 18835: 18833: 18830: 18828: 18825: 18823: 18820: 18818: 18815: 18813: 18810: 18808: 18805: 18803: 18800: 18799: 18797: 18776: 18773: 18771: 18768: 18766: 18765:Yahya Barmaki 18763: 18761: 18758: 18756: 18755:Nizam al-Mulk 18753: 18751: 18748: 18746: 18743: 18741: 18738: 18736: 18733: 18731: 18728: 18726: 18723: 18721: 18718: 18716: 18713: 18711: 18708: 18706: 18703: 18701: 18698: 18696: 18693: 18691: 18688: 18687: 18685: 18679: 18673: 18670: 18668: 18665: 18663: 18660: 18658: 18655: 18653: 18652:Nasir Khusraw 18650: 18648: 18645: 18643: 18640: 18638: 18635: 18633: 18630: 18628: 18625: 18623: 18620: 18618: 18615: 18613: 18610: 18608: 18605: 18603: 18600: 18598: 18595: 18594: 18592: 18588: 18582: 18579: 18577: 18574: 18572: 18569: 18567: 18564: 18562: 18559: 18557: 18554: 18552: 18549: 18547: 18544: 18542: 18539: 18537: 18534: 18532: 18529: 18527: 18524: 18522: 18519: 18517: 18516:Mulla al-Qari 18514: 18512: 18509: 18507: 18504: 18502: 18499: 18497: 18494: 18492: 18489: 18487: 18484: 18482: 18479: 18477: 18474: 18472: 18469: 18467: 18464: 18462: 18459: 18457: 18454: 18452: 18449: 18447: 18444: 18442: 18439: 18437: 18434: 18432: 18429: 18427: 18424: 18422: 18419: 18417: 18414: 18412: 18409: 18407: 18404: 18402: 18399: 18397: 18394: 18392: 18389: 18387: 18384: 18382: 18379: 18378: 18376: 18372: 18366: 18363: 18361: 18358: 18356: 18355:Nasir Khusraw 18353: 18351: 18348: 18346: 18343: 18341: 18338: 18336: 18333: 18331: 18328: 18327: 18325: 18321: 18315: 18312: 18310: 18307: 18305: 18302: 18300: 18297: 18295: 18292: 18290: 18287: 18285: 18282: 18280: 18277: 18275: 18272: 18270: 18267: 18265: 18264:Hasib Marwazi 18262: 18260: 18257: 18255: 18252: 18250: 18247: 18245: 18242: 18240: 18237: 18235: 18232: 18230: 18227: 18225: 18222: 18220: 18217: 18215: 18212: 18211: 18209: 18205: 18201: 18193: 18188: 18186: 18181: 18179: 18174: 18173: 18170: 18158: 18155: 18153: 18150: 18148: 18145: 18143: 18140: 18139: 18135: 18129: 18126: 18123: 18120: 18117: 18114: 18111: 18108: 18105: 18102: 18099: 18096: 18093: 18090: 18087: 18086:Gibril Haddad 18084: 18081: 18078: 18075: 18072: 18069: 18066: 18063: 18060: 18057: 18054: 18051: 18048: 18045: 18042: 18039: 18036: 18033: 18030: 18027: 18026:Hasyim Muzadi 18024: 18021: 18018: 18015: 18012: 18009: 18006: 18005: 18003: 17999: 17992: 17989: 17986: 17985:Ahmed Kuftaro 17983: 17980: 17977: 17974: 17971: 17968: 17965: 17962: 17959: 17956: 17953: 17952: 17950: 17946: 17939: 17936: 17933: 17930: 17927: 17924: 17921: 17918: 17915: 17912: 17909: 17906: 17905: 17903: 17899: 17892: 17889: 17888: 17886: 17882: 17875: 17872: 17869: 17866: 17863: 17860: 17859: 17857: 17853: 17846: 17843: 17840: 17837: 17834: 17833:Al-Qastallani 17831: 17828: 17825: 17822: 17819: 17816: 17813: 17810: 17807: 17806: 17804: 17800: 17793: 17792:Ibn al-Jazari 17790: 17787: 17784: 17781: 17778: 17775: 17772: 17769: 17766: 17763: 17760: 17757: 17754: 17751: 17748: 17745: 17742: 17739: 17736: 17733: 17730: 17727: 17724: 17723: 17721: 17717: 17711: 17708: 17705: 17702: 17699: 17696: 17693: 17690: 17687: 17684: 17681: 17680:Ibn Khallikan 17678: 17675: 17672: 17669: 17666: 17663: 17660: 17657: 17654: 17653: 17651: 17647: 17640: 17637: 17634: 17633:Ibn Abi'l-Dam 17631: 17628: 17625: 17622: 17619: 17616: 17613: 17610: 17607: 17604: 17601: 17598: 17595: 17592: 17589: 17586: 17583: 17582: 17580: 17576: 17569: 17568:Ahmad Ghazali 17566: 17563: 17560: 17557: 17554: 17551: 17548: 17545: 17542: 17539: 17536: 17533: 17530: 17527: 17524: 17523: 17521: 17517: 17511: 17508: 17505: 17502: 17499: 17496: 17493: 17490: 17487: 17484: 17481: 17478: 17475: 17472: 17469: 17466: 17463: 17460: 17459: 17457: 17453: 17447: 17444: 17441: 17438: 17435: 17432: 17429: 17428:Ibn Khuzaymah 17426: 17423: 17420: 17417: 17414: 17411: 17408: 17405: 17402: 17399: 17396: 17393: 17390: 17389: 17387: 17383: 17376: 17373: 17370: 17367: 17366: 17364: 17360: 17353: 17349: 17345: 17344: 17341: 17337: 17330: 17325: 17323: 17318: 17316: 17311: 17310: 17307: 17287: 17284: 17282: 17279: 17277: 17274: 17272: 17269: 17267: 17264: 17261: 17257: 17256: 17253: 17243: 17240: 17238: 17235: 17233: 17230: 17228: 17225: 17223: 17220: 17218: 17215: 17214: 17212: 17210: 17209:Other beliefs 17206: 17200: 17197: 17193: 17190: 17188: 17184: 17183:Hilmi Tunahan 17181: 17179: 17175: 17172: 17171: 17170: 17167: 17166: 17164: 17162: 17158: 17150: 17146: 17144: 17141: 17139: 17136: 17134: 17133:Muhammad Asad 17131: 17129: 17126: 17125: 17124: 17121: 17120: 17118: 17116: 17112: 17104: 17100: 17096: 17093: 17092: 17091: 17088: 17084: 17080: 17077: 17076: 17075: 17072: 17068: 17064: 17060: 17057: 17056: 17055: 17052: 17048: 17044: 17043:Sabbatai Zevi 17041: 17040: 17039: 17036: 17033: 17029: 17026: 17024: 17021: 17019: 17016: 17015: 17014: 17011: 17010: 17008: 17006: 17002: 16999: 16997: 16989: 16977: 16974: 16972: 16969: 16968: 16967: 16964: 16960: 16957: 16955: 16952: 16951: 16950: 16947: 16945: 16942: 16940: 16937: 16936: 16934: 16932: 16928: 16919: 16918: 16916: 16911: 16910: 16908: 16901: 16900: 16898: 16895: 16893:Ali al-Aswarī 16892: 16891: 16889: 16886: 16879: 16878: 16876: 16875: 16873: 16868: 16867: 16866: 16863: 16857: 16854: 16851: 16850: 16849: 16846: 16843: 16842: 16840: 16839: 16837: 16834: 16829: 16825: 16819: 16815: 16811: 16808: 16805: 16801: 16797: 16794: 16792: 16788: 16785: 16783: 16779: 16775: 16772: 16771: 16769: 16767: 16763: 16760: 16757: 16750: 16746: 16734: 16731: 16730: 16728: 16726: 16723: 16721: 16718: 16715: 16710: 16709: 16708: 16705: 16700: 16699: 16697: 16695: 16692: 16688: 16685: 16684: 16683: 16680: 16675: 16674: 16672: 16667: 16666: 16665:Muʿāmmarīyya 16664: 16659: 16658: 16657: 16654: 16650: 16647: 16646: 16645: 16642: 16641: 16639: 16637: 16633: 16625: 16622: 16620: 16617: 16614: 16610: 16606: 16605: 16604: 16601: 16598: 16593: 16592: 16590: 16589: 16587: 16585: 16581: 16578: 16576: 16572: 16561: 16558: 16555: 16552: 16549: 16546: 16543: 16540: 16537: 16534: 16531: 16528: 16526: 16523: 16521: 16518: 16517: 16515: 16511: 16502: 16501: 16499: 16494: 16493: 16491: 16486: 16485: 16483: 16478: 16477: 16475: 16470: 16469: 16467: 16462: 16461: 16459: 16454: 16453: 16451: 16446: 16445: 16443: 16438: 16437: 16435: 16434: 16432: 16428: 16419: 16416: 16413: 16410: 16407: 16404: 16401: 16398: 16395: 16392: 16389: 16386: 16383: 16380: 16377: 16374: 16373: 16371: 16370: 16368: 16366: 16362: 16359: 16356: 16350: 16343: 16339: 16329: 16326: 16322: 16319: 16318: 16317: 16314: 16312: 16308: 16305: 16303: 16300: 16298: 16295: 16294: 16292: 16290: 16286: 16278: 16274: 16271: 16269: 16266: 16265: 16264: 16261: 16257: 16254: 16253: 16252: 16249: 16244: 16243: 16241: 16237: 16234: 16233: 16232: 16229: 16224: 16221: 16218: 16217: 16215: 16214: 16212: 16210: 16206: 16203: 16200: 16195: 16191: 16181: 16180:Waqifite Shia 16178: 16173: 16172: 16171: 16168: 16164: 16160: 16157: 16156: 16155: 16152: 16148: 16144: 16141: 16140: 16139: 16136: 16134: 16131: 16130: 16128: 16126: 16121: 16113: 16110: 16106: 16105:Ishaq al-Turk 16103: 16099: 16096: 16092: 16089: 16087: 16084: 16083: 16082: 16079: 16078: 16077: 16074: 16070: 16067: 16066: 16065: 16062: 16061: 16059: 16058: 16057: 16054: 16047: 16046: 16044: 16039: 16034: 16032: 16029: 16028: 16026: 16023: 16022: 16020: 16019: 16018: 16014: 16011: 16007: 16004: 16003: 16002: 15999: 15998: 15996: 15994: 15988: 15980: 15976: 15973: 15971: 15967: 15963: 15960: 15958: 15954: 15951: 15950: 15949: 15946: 15942: 15939: 15935: 15932: 15928: 15925: 15921: 15918: 15916: 15913: 15911: 15908: 15907: 15906: 15903: 15902: 15901: 15898: 15897: 15896: 15893: 15889: 15885: 15881: 15877: 15874: 15872: 15868: 15864: 15863:Hamdan Qarmat 15861: 15860: 15859: 15856: 15852: 15849: 15848: 15847: 15844: 15843: 15841: 15839: 15835: 15831: 15823: 15819: 15816: 15814: 15810: 15807: 15806: 15805: 15802: 15798: 15794: 15790: 15786: 15783: 15781: 15777: 15773: 15770: 15769: 15768: 15765: 15761: 15760:Safavid Islam 15757: 15753: 15749: 15745: 15744:Sheikh Haydar 15742: 15741: 15740: 15737: 15733: 15730: 15726: 15723: 15721: 15718: 15717: 15716: 15713: 15712: 15711: 15708: 15707: 15705: 15703: 15699: 15695: 15692: 15690: 15686: 15682: 15678: 15674: 15670: 15658: 15655: 15653: 15650: 15649: 15648: 15645: 15641: 15638: 15636: 15633: 15629: 15626: 15625: 15624: 15621: 15619: 15616: 15614: 15611: 15609: 15606: 15605: 15604: 15601: 15600: 15598: 15596: 15592: 15589: 15587: 15583: 15569: 15565: 15562: 15560: 15556: 15552: 15549: 15547: 15543: 15539: 15536: 15535: 15534: 15531: 15530: 15529: 15526: 15520: 15516: 15513: 15512: 15511: 15508: 15506: 15503: 15502: 15501: 15498: 15497: 15495: 15492: 15487: 15483: 15475: 15472: 15470: 15467: 15463: 15460: 15456: 15453: 15451: 15448: 15446: 15443: 15442: 15441: 15438: 15434: 15431: 15429: 15426: 15424: 15421: 15419: 15416: 15415: 15414: 15411: 15407: 15403: 15400: 15399: 15398: 15395: 15394: 15393: 15390: 15388: 15385: 15384: 15383: 15380: 15376: 15373: 15371: 15368: 15366: 15363: 15362: 15361: 15358: 15354: 15351: 15350: 15348: 15347: 15345: 15342: 15337: 15336:Ahl al-Hadith 15333: 15330: 15328: 15324: 15320: 15316: 15311: 15307: 15293: 15290: 15288: 15285: 15284: 15281: 15271: 15270: 15266: 15262: 15260: 15259: 15255: 15251: 15249: 15248: 15244: 15240: 15238: 15237: 15233: 15232: 15230: 15226: 15220: 15219: 15215: 15213: 15210: 15208: 15207: 15203: 15201: 15200: 15196: 15194: 15193: 15189: 15187: 15186: 15182: 15181: 15179: 15177: 15173: 15167: 15166: 15162: 15160: 15159: 15155: 15153: 15152: 15148: 15146: 15145: 15141: 15139: 15138: 15134: 15132: 15131: 15127: 15125: 15124: 15120: 15118: 15117: 15113: 15111: 15110: 15106: 15104: 15103: 15099: 15097: 15096: 15092: 15090: 15089: 15085: 15083: 15082: 15078: 15077: 15075: 15073: 15069: 15066: 15062: 15052: 15049: 15047: 15044: 15042: 15039: 15037: 15034: 15032: 15029: 15028: 15026: 15024: 15023:Zaydi Shi'ism 15020: 15014: 15011: 15009: 15006: 15004: 15001: 14999: 14996: 14992: 14989: 14988: 14987: 14984: 14982: 14979: 14977: 14974: 14972: 14969: 14967: 14964: 14962: 14959: 14958: 14956: 14954: 14950: 14942: 14939: 14938: 14937: 14934: 14932: 14929: 14927: 14924: 14922: 14919: 14917: 14914: 14912: 14909: 14907: 14904: 14902: 14899: 14897: 14894: 14892: 14889: 14887: 14884: 14880: 14877: 14875: 14872: 14870: 14867: 14865: 14862: 14860: 14857: 14855: 14854:Musa al-Kazim 14852: 14850: 14847: 14845: 14842: 14840: 14839:Ali al-Sajjad 14837: 14835: 14832: 14830: 14829:Hasan ibn Ali 14827: 14825: 14822: 14821: 14820: 14817: 14816: 14814: 14812: 14808: 14800:Post-Salafism 14799: 14798: 14797: 14794: 14790: 14787: 14786: 14785: 14782: 14778: 14775: 14774: 14773: 14770: 14768: 14765: 14761: 14758: 14757: 14756: 14753: 14751: 14748: 14746: 14743: 14739: 14736: 14735: 14734: 14731: 14727: 14724: 14723: 14722: 14719: 14717: 14714: 14712: 14709: 14707: 14704: 14702: 14699: 14697: 14694: 14692: 14689: 14687: 14684: 14680: 14677: 14676: 14675: 14672: 14670: 14667: 14665: 14664:Ibn Taymiyyah 14662: 14661: 14659: 14657: 14653: 14645:Mustadrakīyya 14644: 14641: 14638: 14635: 14634: 14632: 14631: 14629: 14627: 14623: 14616: 14614: 14611: 14609: 14606: 14604: 14603:Amr ibn Ubayd 14601: 14599: 14596: 14592: 14589: 14588: 14587: 14584: 14581: 14578: 14575: 14572: 14569: 14566: 14563: 14560: 14557: 14554: 14551: 14548: 14545: 14544: 14542: 14539: 14534: 14530: 14523: 14519: 14515: 14511: 14507: 14506: 14504: 14502: 14498: 14491: 14487: 14484: 14480: 14477: 14474: 14472: 14469: 14468: 14466: 14462: 14458: 14455: 14451: 14448: 14447: 14445: 14443: 14439: 14428: 14427: 14426: 14423: 14422: 14421: 14418: 14414: 14411: 14410: 14409: 14406: 14405: 14403: 14401: 14397: 14391: 14388: 14386: 14383: 14381: 14378: 14376: 14373: 14371: 14368: 14366: 14363: 14361: 14358: 14356: 14353: 14351: 14348: 14346: 14343: 14341: 14338: 14336: 14333: 14331: 14328: 14326: 14323: 14321: 14318: 14316: 14313: 14311: 14308: 14306: 14303: 14301: 14298: 14296: 14293: 14291: 14288: 14286: 14283: 14281: 14278: 14276: 14273: 14271: 14268: 14266: 14263: 14261: 14258: 14256: 14253: 14251: 14248: 14246: 14243: 14241: 14238: 14236: 14233: 14232: 14230: 14227: 14222: 14218: 14211: 14207: 14204: 14201: 14197: 14194: 14191: 14187: 14184: 14183: 14181: 14179: 14176: 14172: 14166: 14163: 14161: 14158: 14156: 14153: 14151: 14148: 14146: 14143: 14141: 14138: 14136: 14133: 14131: 14128: 14126: 14123: 14121: 14118: 14116: 14113: 14111: 14108: 14106: 14103: 14101: 14098: 14096: 14093: 14091: 14088: 14086: 14083: 14081: 14078: 14076: 14073: 14071: 14068: 14066: 14063: 14061: 14058: 14056: 14053: 14051: 14048: 14046: 14043: 14041: 14038: 14036: 14033: 14031: 14028: 14026: 14023: 14021: 14018: 14016: 14013: 14011: 14008: 14006: 14003: 14001: 13998: 13996: 13993: 13991: 13988: 13986: 13983: 13981: 13978: 13976: 13973: 13971: 13968: 13966: 13963: 13961: 13958: 13956: 13953: 13951: 13948: 13946: 13943: 13941: 13938: 13937: 13935: 13932: 13927: 13923: 13920: 13918: 13914: 13904: 13901: 13899: 13896: 13894: 13891: 13890: 13888: 13886: 13882: 13876: 13873: 13871: 13868: 13866: 13863: 13862: 13860: 13858: 13854: 13848: 13845: 13843: 13840: 13838: 13835: 13833: 13830: 13829: 13827: 13825: 13821: 13815: 13812: 13810: 13807: 13805: 13802: 13801: 13799: 13797: 13793: 13790: 13786: 13782: 13774: 13772: 13769: 13766: 13765: 13761: 13757: 13753: 13746: 13741: 13739: 13734: 13732: 13727: 13726: 13723: 13711: 13708: 13707: 13704: 13698: 13697: 13693: 13691: 13688: 13686: 13683: 13681: 13678: 13676: 13673: 13671: 13668: 13666: 13663: 13661: 13658: 13654: 13651: 13649: 13646: 13644: 13641: 13640: 13639: 13636: 13634: 13631: 13629: 13626: 13624: 13621: 13619: 13616: 13614: 13613:Jurisprudence 13611: 13609: 13606: 13604: 13601: 13599: 13596: 13594: 13591: 13589: 13586: 13584: 13581: 13579: 13576: 13574: 13571: 13569: 13566: 13564: 13561: 13560: 13558: 13554: 13545: 13544: 13540: 13535: 13534: 13530: 13525: 13524: 13520: 13515: 13514: 13510: 13505: 13504: 13500: 13495: 13494: 13490: 13485: 13484: 13480: 13475: 13474: 13470: 13465: 13464: 13460: 13455: 13454: 13450: 13445: 13444: 13443:Rights of Man 13440: 13435: 13434: 13430: 13425: 13424: 13420: 13415: 13414: 13410: 13405: 13404: 13400: 13395: 13394: 13390: 13385: 13384: 13380: 13375: 13374: 13370: 13365: 13364: 13360: 13355: 13354: 13353:De re publica 13350: 13345: 13344: 13340: 13335: 13334: 13330: 13329: 13327: 13323: 13313: 13310: 13308: 13305: 13303: 13300: 13298: 13295: 13293: 13290: 13288: 13285: 13283: 13280: 13278: 13275: 13273: 13270: 13268: 13265: 13263: 13260: 13258: 13255: 13253: 13250: 13248: 13245: 13243: 13240: 13238: 13235: 13233: 13230: 13228: 13225: 13223: 13220: 13218: 13215: 13213: 13210: 13208: 13205: 13203: 13200: 13198: 13195: 13193: 13190: 13188: 13185: 13183: 13180: 13178: 13175: 13173: 13170: 13168: 13165: 13163: 13160: 13158: 13155: 13153: 13150: 13148: 13145: 13143: 13140: 13138: 13135: 13133: 13130: 13128: 13125: 13123: 13120: 13118: 13115: 13113: 13110: 13108: 13105: 13103: 13100: 13098: 13095: 13093: 13090: 13088: 13085: 13083: 13080: 13078: 13075: 13073: 13070: 13068: 13065: 13063: 13060: 13058: 13055: 13053: 13050: 13048: 13045: 13043: 13040: 13038: 13035: 13033: 13030: 13028: 13025: 13023: 13020: 13018: 13015: 13013: 13010: 13008: 13005: 13003: 13000: 12998: 12995: 12993: 12990: 12988: 12985: 12983: 12980: 12979: 12977: 12973:20th and 21st 12971: 12965: 12962: 12960: 12957: 12955: 12952: 12950: 12947: 12945: 12942: 12940: 12937: 12935: 12932: 12930: 12927: 12925: 12922: 12920: 12917: 12915: 12912: 12910: 12907: 12905: 12902: 12900: 12897: 12895: 12892: 12890: 12887: 12885: 12882: 12880: 12877: 12875: 12872: 12870: 12867: 12865: 12862: 12860: 12857: 12855: 12852: 12850: 12847: 12843: 12840: 12839: 12838: 12835: 12833: 12830: 12826: 12823: 12822: 12821: 12818: 12816: 12813: 12811: 12808: 12806: 12803: 12801: 12798: 12796: 12793: 12791: 12788: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12778: 12776: 12773: 12771: 12768: 12766: 12763: 12761: 12758: 12756: 12753: 12751: 12748: 12746: 12743: 12741: 12738: 12736: 12733: 12731: 12728: 12726: 12723: 12721: 12718: 12716: 12713: 12712: 12710: 12706:18th and 19th 12704: 12698: 12695: 12693: 12690: 12688: 12685: 12683: 12680: 12678: 12675: 12673: 12670: 12668: 12665: 12663: 12660: 12658: 12655: 12653: 12650: 12648: 12645: 12641: 12638: 12637: 12636: 12633: 12631: 12628: 12626: 12623: 12621: 12618: 12616: 12613: 12611: 12608: 12606: 12603: 12601: 12598: 12596: 12593: 12592: 12590: 12584: 12578: 12575: 12573: 12570: 12568: 12565: 12563: 12562:Nizam al-Mulk 12560: 12558: 12555: 12553: 12550: 12548: 12545: 12543: 12540: 12538: 12535: 12533: 12530: 12528: 12525: 12523: 12520: 12518: 12515: 12513: 12510: 12509: 12507: 12503: 12497: 12494: 12492: 12489: 12487: 12484: 12482: 12479: 12477: 12474: 12470: 12467: 12466: 12465: 12462: 12460: 12457: 12455: 12452: 12450: 12447: 12445: 12442: 12440: 12437: 12435: 12432: 12430: 12427: 12425: 12422: 12421: 12419: 12415: 12412: 12410: 12406: 12400: 12397: 12395: 12392: 12390: 12387: 12385: 12382: 12380: 12377: 12375: 12372: 12370: 12367: 12365: 12362: 12360: 12357: 12354: 12353: 12348: 12346: 12343: 12341: 12338: 12336: 12333: 12331: 12328: 12326: 12323: 12321: 12318: 12316: 12313: 12311: 12308: 12306: 12303: 12301: 12298: 12296: 12293: 12290: 12289: 12284: 12282: 12279: 12278: 12276: 12272: 12266: 12263: 12261: 12258: 12256: 12253: 12251: 12248: 12246: 12245:Republicanism 12243: 12241: 12238: 12236: 12233: 12231: 12228: 12226: 12223: 12221: 12218: 12216: 12213: 12211: 12208: 12206: 12203: 12201: 12198: 12196: 12193: 12191: 12188: 12186: 12183: 12181: 12178: 12176: 12173: 12171: 12168: 12166: 12163: 12161: 12158: 12156: 12153: 12151: 12148: 12146: 12143: 12141: 12138: 12136: 12133: 12131: 12128: 12126: 12123: 12121: 12118: 12116: 12113: 12112: 12110: 12106: 12100: 12097: 12095: 12092: 12090: 12087: 12085: 12082: 12080: 12077: 12075: 12072: 12070: 12067: 12065: 12062: 12060: 12057: 12055: 12052: 12050: 12047: 12045: 12042: 12041: 12039: 12035: 12029: 12026: 12024: 12021: 12019: 12016: 12014: 12011: 12009: 12006: 12004: 12001: 11999: 11996: 11994: 11991: 11989: 11986: 11984: 11981: 11979: 11976: 11974: 11971: 11969: 11966: 11964: 11961: 11959: 11956: 11954: 11951: 11949: 11946: 11944: 11941: 11939: 11936: 11934: 11931: 11929: 11926: 11924: 11921: 11919: 11916: 11914: 11911: 11909: 11906: 11904: 11901: 11899: 11896: 11894: 11891: 11889: 11886: 11884: 11881: 11879: 11876: 11874: 11871: 11870: 11868: 11864: 11860: 11853: 11848: 11846: 11841: 11839: 11834: 11833: 11830: 11820: 11814: 11804: 11801: 11799: 11796: 11794: 11791: 11789: 11786: 11784: 11781: 11779: 11776: 11774: 11771: 11769: 11766: 11764: 11761: 11759: 11758:Rashid al-Din 11756: 11754: 11751: 11749: 11746: 11744: 11741: 11740: 11738: 11734: 11728: 11725: 11723: 11720: 11718: 11715: 11713: 11710: 11708: 11705: 11703: 11700: 11698: 11695: 11693: 11690: 11689: 11687: 11683: 11677: 11674: 11672: 11669: 11667: 11664: 11662: 11659: 11657: 11654: 11652: 11649: 11647: 11646:Abd al-Jabbar 11644: 11642: 11639: 11637: 11634: 11632: 11629: 11627: 11624: 11622: 11619: 11617: 11614: 11612: 11609: 11607: 11604: 11602: 11599: 11598: 11596: 11592: 11589: 11587: 11583: 11573: 11570: 11568: 11565: 11563: 11560: 11558: 11555: 11553: 11550: 11548: 11545: 11543: 11540: 11538: 11535: 11533: 11530: 11528: 11525: 11524: 11522: 11518: 11515: 11513: 11509: 11499: 11496: 11494: 11491: 11489: 11486: 11484: 11481: 11479: 11476: 11474: 11471: 11469: 11466: 11464: 11463:Nicole Oresme 11461: 11459: 11456: 11454: 11451: 11450: 11448: 11444: 11438: 11435: 11433: 11430: 11428: 11425: 11423: 11420: 11418: 11415: 11413: 11412:Giles of Rome 11410: 11408: 11405: 11403: 11400: 11398: 11395: 11393: 11390: 11388: 11385: 11383: 11380: 11378: 11375: 11373: 11370: 11368: 11365: 11363: 11360: 11358: 11355: 11353: 11350: 11348: 11345: 11343: 11340: 11339: 11337: 11331: 11325: 11322: 11320: 11317: 11315: 11312: 11310: 11307: 11305: 11302: 11300: 11299:Peter Lombard 11297: 11295: 11292: 11290: 11287: 11285: 11282: 11280: 11277: 11275: 11274:Peter Abelard 11272: 11270: 11267: 11264: 11263:Scholasticism 11260: 11259: 11257: 11251: 11245: 11242: 11240: 11237: 11235: 11232: 11230: 11227: 11225: 11222: 11220: 11217: 11215: 11212: 11209: 11205: 11204: 11202: 11198: 11195: 11193: 11189: 11185: 11178: 11173: 11171: 11166: 11164: 11159: 11158: 11155: 11135: 11132: 11130: 11127: 11125: 11122: 11120: 11117: 11115: 11112: 11110: 11107: 11105: 11102: 11100: 11097: 11095: 11092: 11090: 11087: 11085: 11082: 11080: 11077: 11075: 11072: 11070: 11067: 11065: 11062: 11060: 11057: 11055: 11052: 11050: 11047: 11045: 11042: 11040: 11037: 11035: 11032: 11030: 11027: 11026: 11024: 11017: 11011: 11008: 11006: 11003: 11001: 10998: 10996: 10993: 10991: 10988: 10986: 10983: 10981: 10978: 10976: 10973: 10971: 10968: 10966: 10963: 10962: 10960: 10956: 10950: 10947: 10945: 10942: 10940: 10937: 10935: 10932: 10930: 10927: 10925: 10922: 10920: 10917: 10915: 10912: 10910: 10907: 10905: 10902: 10900: 10897: 10896: 10894: 10890: 10884: 10881: 10879: 10876: 10874: 10871: 10869: 10866: 10864: 10861: 10859: 10856: 10854: 10851: 10849: 10846: 10844: 10841: 10839: 10836: 10835: 10833: 10829: 10823: 10822:Shams Tabrizi 10820: 10818: 10815: 10813: 10810: 10808: 10805: 10803: 10800: 10798: 10795: 10793: 10790: 10788: 10785: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10774: 10772: 10768: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10756:Nasir Khusraw 10754: 10752: 10749: 10747: 10744: 10742: 10739: 10737: 10734: 10732: 10731:Ibn Miskawayh 10729: 10727: 10724: 10723: 10721: 10717: 10711: 10708: 10706: 10703: 10701: 10698: 10696: 10693: 10691: 10688: 10686: 10683: 10681: 10678: 10676: 10673: 10671: 10668: 10666: 10663: 10661: 10658: 10657: 10655: 10651: 10647: 10642: 10638: 10633: 10629: 10619: 10616: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10596: 10594: 10591: 10589: 10586: 10584: 10581: 10579: 10576: 10574: 10571: 10569: 10566: 10564: 10561: 10559: 10556: 10554: 10551: 10549: 10546: 10545: 10543: 10539: 10533: 10530: 10528: 10525: 10523: 10520: 10516: 10513: 10511: 10508: 10506: 10503: 10502: 10501: 10498: 10496: 10493: 10491: 10488: 10486: 10483: 10481: 10478: 10476: 10473: 10472: 10470: 10468: 10464: 10458: 10452: 10450: 10447: 10445: 10442: 10440: 10436: 10432: 10430: 10427: 10425: 10419: 10417: 10414: 10412: 10409: 10407: 10403: 10399: 10397: 10393: 10389: 10387: 10384: 10382: 10379: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10366: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10356: 10351: 10349: 10345: 10341: 10339: 10336: 10335: 10333: 10329: 10325: 10321: 10314: 10309: 10307: 10302: 10300: 10295: 10294: 10291: 10279: 10274: 10272: 10267: 10265: 10260: 10258: 10252: 10247: 10246: 10242: 10232: 10229: 10227: 10224: 10222: 10219: 10217: 10214: 10212: 10209: 10207: 10206:Ahl al-Hadith 10204: 10202: 10199: 10198: 10195: 10192: 10188: 10178: 10175: 10173: 10170: 10168: 10165: 10163: 10160: 10158: 10155: 10153: 10150: 10148: 10145: 10143: 10140: 10139: 10136: 10133: 10129: 10119: 10116: 10114: 10111: 10109: 10108:Al-Muwahhidun 10106: 10103: 10100: 10097: 10094: 10091: 10088: 10085: 10082: 10079: 10076: 10073: 10070: 10067: 10064: 10061: 10058: 10055: 10052: 10049: 10046: 10043: 10040: 10037: 10034: 10031: 10030:Nizam al-Mulk 10028: 10027: 10024: 10021: 10017: 10012: 9997: 9994: 9991: 9988: 9985: 9982: 9981: 9979: 9977: 9973: 9966: 9963: 9960: 9957: 9956: 9954: 9952: 9948: 9942: 9941:Gibril Haddad 9939: 9937: 9934: 9932: 9929: 9926: 9923: 9920: 9917: 9914: 9913:Noah al-Qudah 9911: 9908: 9905: 9902: 9899: 9896: 9893: 9890: 9887: 9884: 9881: 9878: 9875: 9872: 9869: 9866: 9863: 9860: 9857: 9854: 9853:Al-Qastallani 9851: 9848: 9845: 9842: 9839: 9836: 9833: 9830: 9827: 9824: 9821: 9818: 9815: 9812: 9811:Ibn al-Jazari 9809: 9806: 9803: 9800: 9797: 9794: 9791: 9788: 9785: 9782: 9779: 9776: 9773: 9770: 9767: 9764: 9761: 9758: 9755: 9752: 9749: 9746: 9743: 9740: 9737: 9734: 9731: 9728: 9725: 9722: 9719: 9716: 9713: 9710: 9707: 9704: 9701: 9698: 9695: 9692: 9689: 9686: 9683: 9680: 9677: 9674: 9671: 9668: 9665: 9662: 9659: 9656: 9653: 9650: 9647: 9644: 9641: 9638: 9635: 9632: 9629: 9626: 9623: 9620: 9617: 9614: 9611: 9608: 9605: 9602: 9599: 9598: 9596: 9594: 9590: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9576: 9573: 9570: 9567: 9564: 9561: 9558: 9555: 9552: 9549: 9546: 9543: 9540: 9537: 9534: 9531: 9528: 9525: 9522: 9519: 9516: 9513: 9510: 9507: 9504: 9501: 9498: 9495: 9492: 9489: 9486: 9483: 9480: 9477: 9474: 9471: 9468: 9465: 9462: 9459: 9456: 9453: 9450: 9447: 9444: 9441: 9438: 9435: 9432: 9429: 9426: 9423: 9420: 9417: 9414: 9411: 9408: 9405: 9402: 9399: 9396: 9393: 9390: 9387: 9384: 9381: 9378: 9375: 9372: 9369: 9366: 9363: 9362:Ibn al-Qattan 9360: 9357: 9354: 9351: 9348: 9345: 9342: 9339: 9336: 9333: 9330: 9327: 9324: 9321: 9318: 9315: 9312: 9309: 9306: 9303: 9300: 9297: 9294: 9293: 9291: 9289: 9285: 9282: 9278: 9272: 9266: 9260: 9250: 9248: 9238: 9237: 9234: 9230: 9221: 9216: 9214: 9209: 9207: 9202: 9201: 9198: 9187: 9167: 9165: 9151: 9149: 9143: 9139: 9135: 9127: 9123: 9119: 9109: 9105: 9097: 9093: 9085: 9081: 9077: 9075: 9061: 9059: 9055: 9048: 9044: 9040: 9014: 9010: 9009:Kitab al-Kafi 9006: 9002: 9000: 8986: 8984: 8980: 8976: 8968: 8964: 8938: 8936: 8922: 8920: 8917: 8913: 8909: 8903: 8899: 8893: 8889: 8883: 8879: 8873: 8869: 8863: 8859: 8851: 8845: 8841: 8838: 8834: 8832: 8826: 8824: 8823: 8792: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8771: 8763: 8756: 8748: 8744: 8734: 8729: 8725: 8721: 8718: 8712: 8711: 8668: 8662: 8657: 8651: 8642: 8634: 8630: 8622: 8618: 8612: 8606: 8602: 8598: 8594: 8590: 8586: 8582: 8578: 8575: 8572: 8547: 8545: 8543: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8528: 8520: 8512: 8501: 8498: 8486: 8484: 8478: 8477: 8468: 8462: 8460: 8454: 8452: 8446: 8421: 8418: 8414: 8412: 8411: 8407: 8401: 8395: 8389: 8380: 8375: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8361: 8358: 8352: 8350: 8344: 8342: 8336: 8334: 8328: 8327: 8320: 8314: 8312: 8306: 8304: 8298: 8296: 8290: 8267: 8263: 8257: 8251: 8245: 8239: 8233: 8227: 8219: 8215: 8212: 8206: 8204: 8198: 8196: 8190: 8188: 8182: 8180: 8174: 8172: 8164: 8163: 8156: 8150: 8148: 8142: 8140: 8134: 8132: 8126: 8124: 8118: 8116: 8108: 8103: 8101: 8097: 8091: 8085: 8079: 8073: 8069: 8065: 8059: 8051: 8047: 8045: 8009: 8007: 7986: 7982: 7979:, taught the 7978: 7975:(570–632 the 7974: 7954: 7951: 7950: 7946: 7939: 7934: 7932: 7927: 7925: 7920: 7919: 7917: 7916: 7911: 7904: 7898: 7892: 7890: 7886: 7883: 7880: 7877: 7874: 7870: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7857: 7854: 7851: 7848:Full text of 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7822: 7819: 7815: 7807: 7803: 7800: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7771: 7770: 7765: 7761: 7756: 7754: 7750: 7746: 7742: 7738: 7737: 7726: 7725: 7719: 7712: 7708: 7704: 7700: 7696: 7689: 7683: 7679: 7677: 7676:0-9597566-6-3 7673: 7670: 7666: 7662: 7660: 7656: 7653: 7649: 7646: 7643:Watt, W. M.: 7642: 7640: 7636: 7632: 7628: 7625: 7624:Oliver Leaman 7621: 7617: 7613: 7610: 7606: 7603: 7599: 7598: 7586: 7582: 7578: 7573: 7569: 7565: 7561: 7557: 7553: 7549: 7545: 7540: 7536: 7530: 7526: 7522: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7499: 7495: 7491: 7486: 7482: 7478: 7474: 7470: 7467:(1): 67–110. 7466: 7462: 7458: 7454: 7450: 7446: 7442: 7438: 7434: 7430: 7429: 7423: 7422: 7410: 7406: 7403: 7398: 7392:, § 36, p. 8. 7391: 7385: 7378: 7377: 7370: 7363: 7362: 7355: 7353: 7344: 7340: 7338:9780262195577 7334: 7330: 7326: 7325: 7317: 7303:. No. 85 7302: 7295: 7288: 7272: 7268: 7262: 7260: 7251: 7247: 7245:9780316092791 7241: 7237: 7236: 7228: 7220: 7213: 7204: 7195: 7186: 7177: 7169: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7151: 7147: 7143: 7136: 7128: 7122: 7115: 7114: 7106: 7104: 7102: 7100: 7098: 7083:on 2018-03-02 7082: 7078: 7072: 7068: 7067: 7058: 7050: 7046: 7040: 7026:on 2018-03-02 7025: 7021: 7015: 7011: 7010: 7001: 6993: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6975: 6971: 6970: 6965: 6958: 6951: 6945: 6931: 6930: 6923: 6909: 6908: 6901: 6887: 6886: 6881: 6873: 6865: 6863:9789400716902 6859: 6855: 6851: 6847: 6840: 6832: 6828: 6821: 6815: 6807: 6803: 6801:9780809136193 6797: 6793: 6792: 6784: 6782: 6773: 6762: 6760:9789004307834 6756: 6752: 6748: 6747: 6739: 6732: 6728: 6726:9780231175357 6722: 6718: 6711: 6696: 6692: 6686: 6678: 6676:9780815626091 6672: 6668: 6664: 6657: 6649: 6642: 6634: 6628: 6619: 6610: 6601: 6592: 6583: 6574: 6565: 6557: 6551: 6543: 6541:9780199691647 6537: 6533: 6529: 6522: 6514: 6508: 6503: 6502: 6493: 6485: 6478: 6476: 6474: 6472: 6465: 6459: 6457: 6448: 6442: 6438: 6431: 6425: 6421: 6415: 6408: 6404: 6402:9780195356564 6398: 6394: 6389: 6388: 6379: 6371: 6370: 6365: 6361: 6355: 6340:on 2015-04-30 6339: 6335: 6328: 6320: 6314: 6306: 6300: 6292: 6284: 6277: 6271: 6263: 6259: 6257:9780099523277 6253: 6249: 6248: 6240: 6232: 6226: 6222: 6218: 6214: 6208: 6200: 6196: 6190: 6186: 6182: 6181: 6173: 6171: 6162: 6158: 6152: 6148: 6144: 6143: 6135: 6128: 6127: 6120: 6118: 6109: 6103: 6099: 6095: 6091: 6090: 6082: 6075: 6069: 6067: 6059: 6055: 6049: 6045: 6038: 6030: 6024: 6020: 6013: 6004: 5997: 5991: 5984: 5978: 5971: 5965: 5957: 5953: 5949: 5945: 5941: 5937: 5933: 5929: 5925: 5918: 5910: 5906: 5902: 5898: 5895:(1): 73–95 . 5894: 5890: 5889: 5883: 5875: 5868:. p. 48. 5867: 5863: 5856: 5848: 5841: 5834: 5823: 5819: 5812: 5804: 5802:9780195331622 5798: 5794: 5790: 5783: 5781: 5779: 5777: 5775: 5773: 5771: 5769: 5767: 5765: 5757: 5753: 5751:9780195356564 5747: 5743: 5739: 5734: 5733: 5724: 5716: 5712: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5697: 5689: 5675: 5671: 5665: 5658: 5654: 5651:(1): 76–91 . 5650: 5646: 5640: 5638: 5630: 5624: 5618: 5614: 5608: 5600: 5598:9781539995036 5594: 5590: 5586: 5579: 5571: 5558: 5550: 5543: 5541: 5531: 5529: 5520: 5514: 5510: 5503: 5501: 5492: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5466: 5459: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5438: 5436: 5434: 5425: 5421: 5420: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5406: 5404: 5402: 5393: 5387: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5369: 5367: 5351: 5347: 5341: 5333: 5331:9780815626091 5327: 5323: 5319: 5312: 5305: 5301: 5299:9780231175357 5295: 5291: 5287: 5280: 5273: 5268: 5266: 5258: 5253: 5251: 5243: 5238: 5236: 5220: 5216: 5209: 5207: 5205: 5188: 5187: 5182: 5176: 5160: 5159: 5154: 5148: 5133: 5132:HarperCollins 5129: 5128: 5123: 5117: 5111:, p. 74. 5110: 5105: 5103: 5093: 5091: 5084:, p. 71. 5083: 5078: 5076: 5068: 5063: 5061: 5054: 5050: 5044: 5042: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5019: 5011: 5005: 5001: 4994: 4992: 4983: 4979: 4973: 4971: 4964: 4960: 4954: 4952: 4945:, p. 75. 4944: 4939: 4937: 4928: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4909: 4904: 4898: 4892:, p. 77. 4891: 4886: 4884: 4877:, p. 76. 4876: 4871: 4869: 4860: 4858:9781139485715 4854: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4841:Norman Calder 4836: 4830:, p. 81. 4829: 4824: 4822: 4815:, p. 62. 4814: 4809: 4807: 4800: 4795: 4787: 4783: 4777: 4775: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4727: 4719: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4700: 4692: 4684: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4667: 4663: 4657: 4655: 4647: 4643: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4622: 4614: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4593: 4585: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4548: 4542: 4538: 4531: 4529: 4527: 4522: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4492:List of Sufis 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4479: 4475: 4464: 4461: 4450: 4443: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4383: 4379: 4377: 4373: 4368: 4366: 4362: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4319:According to 4312: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4298: 4295:Al-Ghazali's 4287: 4276: 4273: 4269: 4266: 4262: 4259: 4255: 4252: 4248: 4245: – 4244: 4240: 4239:Find sources: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4219: 4218: 4217:single source 4213:This section 4211: 4207: 4202: 4201: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4173: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4163:Asas al-Qiyas 4161: 4160: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4148: 4144: 4143: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4130: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4118: 4114: 4113: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4100: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4087: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4074: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4061: 4057: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4033: 4029: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4017: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4004: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3994: 3990: 3989: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3976: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3963: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3951: 3950: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3938: 3934: 3933: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3921: 3917: 3916: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3903: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3891: 3887: 3885: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3875: 3871: 3868: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3858: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3845: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3832: 3828: 3825: 3823: 3820: 3819: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3806: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3794: 3790: 3789: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3779:Hujjat al-Haq 3777: 3776: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3763: 3759: 3756: 3753: 3752: 3741: 3738: 3737: 3733: 3730: 3729: 3725: 3722: 3721: 3717: 3714: 3713: 3709: 3706: 3705: 3701: 3698: 3697: 3693: 3690: 3689: 3685: 3682: 3681: 3677: 3672: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3657: 3655: 3650: 3648: 3647:Sultan Sanjar 3638: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3623: 3621: 3617: 3611: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3591: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3580:Nizam al-Mulk 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3547: 3543: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3515: 3511: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3480: 3475: 3471: 3461: 3459: 3458: 3453: 3452:William James 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3420: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3406:autobiography 3399: 3395: 3390: 3381: 3378: 3377:The Criterion 3374: 3369: 3365: 3362: 3355: 3350: 3347: 3342: 3338: 3331: 3326: 3324: 3320: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3304: 3296: 3291: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3276: 3269: 3264: 3262: 3256: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3195:jurisprudence 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3179: 3166: 3161: 3159: 3154: 3152: 3147: 3146: 3144: 3143: 3140: 3130: 3129: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3073: 3067: 3066: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3048:Notable early 3046: 3045: 3042:List of sufis 3039: 3038: 3031: 3028: 3026: 3023: 3021: 3018: 3016: 3013: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2847: 2844: 2839: 2838: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2792: 2786: 2785: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2770: 2768: 2765: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2665: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2616: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2605: 2599: 2598: 2593: 2585: 2581: 2580: 2576: 2569: 2565: 2559: 2558: 2554: 2547: 2542: 2540: 2539:Nizam al-Mulk 2536: 2535:Hassan Hassan 2531: 2529: 2526:implies that 2525: 2524:occasionalism 2521: 2517: 2512: 2510: 2509:George Saliba 2505: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2474: 2472: 2468: 2467: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2449: 2447: 2446:occasionalism 2443: 2439: 2435: 2434: 2426: 2421: 2419: 2415: 2405: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2388: 2383: 2379: 2371: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2348:jurisprudence 2345: 2341: 2329: 2324: 2322: 2317: 2315: 2310: 2309: 2307: 2306: 2301: 2293: 2291: 2281: 2280: 2279: 2278: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2257: 2253: 2252: 2249: 2248:Ahl al-Hadith 2246: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2236: 2235: 2231: 2230: 2226: 2220: 2219: 2211: 2208: 2207: 2199: 2198: 2191: 2188: 2185: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2141: 2133: 2132: 2125: 2124: 2120: 2118: 2117: 2113: 2110: 2109: 2105: 2103: 2102: 2098: 2095: 2094: 2090: 2088: 2087: 2083: 2080: 2079: 2075: 2072: 2071: 2067: 2065: 2064: 2060: 2057: 2056: 2052: 2050: 2049: 2045: 2043: 2042: 2038: 2035: 2034: 2030: 2027: 2026: 2022: 2019: 2018: 2014: 2011: 2010: 2006: 2003: 2002: 1998: 1997: 1993: 1987: 1986: 1969: 1966: 1960: 1957: 1951: 1948: 1942: 1939: 1933: 1929: 1923: 1920: 1914: 1911: 1910: 1902: 1901: 1890: 1887: 1881: 1878: 1872: 1869: 1863: 1860: 1854: 1851: 1850: 1842: 1841: 1830: 1827: 1821: 1818: 1812: 1809: 1803: 1800: 1794: 1791: 1785: 1782: 1781: 1773: 1772: 1761: 1758: 1752: 1749: 1745: 1742: 1736: 1733: 1732: 1724: 1723: 1712: 1709: 1703: 1700: 1694: 1691: 1685: 1682: 1681: 1673: 1672: 1663:(d. 977/1570) 1661: 1658: 1654:(d. 974/1567) 1652: 1649: 1645:(d. 973/1565) 1643: 1640: 1636:(d. 926/1520) 1634: 1631: 1627:(d. 923/1517) 1625: 1624:Al-Qastallani 1622: 1618:(d. 911/1505) 1616: 1613: 1609: 1606: 1602:(d. 902/1497) 1600: 1597: 1596: 1588: 1587: 1578:(d. 899/1493) 1576: 1573: 1569:(d. 875/1470) 1567: 1563: 1559:(d. 864/1459) 1557: 1554: 1550:(d. 852/1449) 1548: 1545: 1541:(d. 833/1429) 1539: 1538:Ibn al-Jazari 1536: 1532:(d. 816/1413) 1530: 1527: 1523:(d. 808/1406) 1521: 1518: 1512: 1509: 1505:(d. 806/1404) 1503: 1500: 1496:(d. 805/1405) 1494: 1491: 1487:(d. 803/1401) 1485: 1482: 1481: 1473: 1472: 1463:(d. 794/1392) 1461: 1458: 1454:(d. 793/1390) 1452: 1449: 1445:(d. 786/1384) 1443: 1440: 1436:(d. 771/1370) 1434: 1431: 1427:(d. 756/1355) 1425: 1422: 1418:(d. 745/1344) 1416: 1413: 1409:(d. 741/1340) 1407: 1404: 1400:(d. 715/1315) 1398: 1395: 1391:(d. 709/1309) 1389: 1386: 1382:(d. 702/1302) 1380: 1377: 1376: 1368: 1367: 1358:(d. 687/1288) 1356: 1353: 1347: 1344: 1340:(d. 684/1285) 1338: 1335: 1331:(d. 676/1277) 1329: 1326: 1322:(d. 671/1272) 1320: 1317: 1313:(d. 660/1262) 1311: 1307: 1303:(d. 646/1248) 1301: 1298: 1294:(d. 631/1233) 1292: 1289: 1283: 1280: 1276:(d. 606/1209) 1274: 1271: 1270: 1262: 1261: 1252:(d. 578/1182) 1250: 1247: 1243:(d. 571/1176) 1241: 1238: 1234:(d. 548/1153) 1232: 1229: 1225:(d. 544/1149) 1223: 1222:Al-Qadi 'Iyad 1220: 1216:(d. 543/1148) 1214: 1211: 1207:(d. 536/1141) 1205: 1202: 1198:(d. 520/1126) 1196: 1193: 1189:(d. 513/1119) 1187: 1184: 1178: 1175: 1171:(d. 505/1111) 1169: 1166: 1162:(d. 502/1108) 1160: 1157: 1156: 1148: 1147: 1138:(d. 478/1085) 1136: 1133: 1129:(d. 476/1083) 1127: 1124: 1120:(d. 474/1081) 1118: 1115: 1111:(d. 465/1072) 1109: 1106: 1102:(d. 463/1071) 1100: 1097: 1093:(d. 458/1066) 1091: 1088: 1084:(d. 450/1058) 1082: 1079: 1075:(d. 434/1043) 1073: 1070: 1064: 1061: 1057:(d. 429/1037) 1055: 1052: 1048:(d. 418/1027) 1046: 1043: 1039:(d. 406/1015) 1037: 1034: 1030:(d. 403/1013) 1028: 1025: 1024: 1016: 1015: 1004: 1001: 995: 992: 991: 987:3rd AH/9th AD 983: 982: 976: 970: 969: 963: 960: 958: 955: 953: 950: 948: 945: 944: 942: 941: 937: 936: 932: 928: 927: 920: 916: 915: 912: 909: 908: 904: 900: 899: 891: 889: 885: 881: 880:Fakhr al-Mulk 877: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 850: 846: 842: 837: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 818:Nizam al-Mulk 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 790: 785: 781: 777: 772: 770: 766: 762: 758: 755: 751: 747: 743: 740:(now part of 739: 735: 731: 727: 726:Seljuk Empire 723: 706: 704: 700: 696: 695: 690: 686: 681: 676: 674: 670: 666: 662: 660: 659: 652: 648: 644: 640: 639: 633: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 602:jurisconsults 599: 595: 591: 578: 527: 519: 483: 476:ٱلْغَزَالِيُّ 473: 469: 461: 457: 443: 440: 438: 435: 433: 430: 428: 425: 423: 420: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 354: 352: 351: 343: 334: 331: 329: 326: 324: 321: 319: 316: 315: 313: 312: 304: 301:Muslim leader 299: 296: 295: 290: 289: 284: 283: 278: 277: 272: 271: 266: 265: 260: 259: 255: 251: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 227: 222: 218: 215: 211: 208: 205: 201: 198: 195: 191: 188: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 164: 160: 155: 151: 150:Seljuq Empire 148: 144: 141: 138: 134: 131: 128: 124: 112: 108: 104: 103:Seljuq Empire 100: 96: 85: 81: 76: 72: 69: 65: 58: 53: 49:ٱلْغَزَّالِيّ 46: 39: 34: 29: 22: 18807:1050s births 18657:Rabia Balkhi 18450: 18329: 18323:Philosophers 18304:Omar Khayyam 18110:Ali al-Jifri 17728:(d. 1315/16) 17639:Ibn al-Salah 17584: 17570:(d. 1123/26) 17462:Al-Daraqutni 17377:(791/92–878) 17346:by century ( 17192:Other orders 17097: / 17090:Nur movement 17061: / 17018:Mirza Ghulam 16949:Tolu-e-Islam 16818:Galibi Order 16816: / 16796:Balım Sultan 16791:Babai revolt 16782:Qalandariyya 16780: / 16682:Mufaḍḍaliyya 16591:Jawārībīyya 16544:Umar ibn Zar 16513:Other Murjīs 16242:Bayhasīyyah 16159:Nuqta-yi Ula 15975:Pir Sadardin 15968: / 15882: / 15878: / 15795: / 15787: / 15774: / 15754: / 15750: / 15746: / 15603:Zayd ibn Ali 15553: / 15540: / 15491:Ilm al-Kalam 15404: / 15397:Ahl-i Hadith 15265:Umm al-kitab 15263: 15252: 15241: 15234: 15216: 15211: 15204: 15197: 15190: 15183: 15163: 15156: 15151:Fihi Ma Fihi 15149: 15142: 15135: 15128: 15121: 15114: 15107: 15100: 15093: 15086: 15079: 14819:Twelve Imams 14738:Ahl-i Hadith 14669:Ibnul Qayyim 14549:(Nazzāmīyya) 14030:Ibn al-Jawzi 13970:Al-Taftazani 13964: 13945:Al-Baqillani 13694: 13593:Elite theory 13541: 13531: 13521: 13511: 13501: 13491: 13481: 13471: 13461: 13451: 13441: 13431: 13421: 13411: 13401: 13391: 13381: 13371: 13361: 13351: 13341: 13331: 12630:Guicciardini 12586:Early modern 12541: 12409:Philosophers 12359:Open society 12295:Body politic 12165:Distributism 12155:Conservatism 12150:Confucianism 12069:Gerontocracy 12059:Dictatorship 12013:Sovereignty‎ 12003:Ruling class 11893:Emancipation 11878:Citizenship‎ 11798:Ibn Taymiyya 11788:Ibn al-Nafis 11701: 11542:Judah Halevi 11453:Jean Buridan 11382:John Peckham 11347:Michael Scot 11134:Partawi Shah 11129:Javadi Amoli 11114:Ahmad Fardid 11059:Martin Lings 10909:Hajji Bayram 10883:Ibn Taymiyya 10812:Omar Khayyám 10797:Ayn-al-Quzat 10792:Ahmad Yasavi 10725: 10705:Ibn Masarrah 10639:by century ( 10637:Philosophers 10532:Contemporary 10434: 10401: 10391: 10354: 10343: 10104:(d. 1382 AH) 10098:(d. 1354 AH) 10092:(d. 1350 AH) 10086:(d. 1300 AH) 9965:Ibn al-Jawzi 9936:Ali al-Jifri 9927:(d. 1434 AH) 9921:(d. 1432 AH) 9915:(d. 1432 AH) 9909:(d. 1379 AH) 9903:(d. 1304 AH) 9897:(d. 1230 AH) 9891:(d. 1132 AH) 9885:(d. 1031 AH) 9727:Ibn al-Salah 9690: 9574:(d. 1425 AH) 9568:(d. 1419 AH) 9562:(d. 1397 AH) 9556:(d. 1393 AH) 9550:(d. 1380 AH) 9544:(d. 1299 AH) 9538:(d. 1276 AH) 9532:(d. 1230 AH) 9526:(d. 1230 AH) 9520:(d. 1224 AH) 9514:(d. 1208 AH) 9508:(d. 1201 AH) 9502:(d. 1122 AH) 9496:(d. 1102 AH) 9490:(d. 1090 AH) 9484:(d. 1072 AH) 9478:(d. 1041 AH) 9472:(d. 1041 AH) 9466:(d. 1036 AH) 9440:Ahmad Zarruq 9392:Ibn Adjurrum 9338:Ibn Barrajan 9302:Al-Baqillani 9117: 9080:Ibn Babawayh 8908:Al-Baladhuri 8904:hadith books 8884:hadith books 8882:Sahih Muslim 8874:hadith books 8728:Usul al-fiqh 8611:Zayd ibn Ali 8096:Abu Hurairah 7864: 7859: 7767: 7760:"Al-Ghazali" 7723: 7711:the original 7698: 7694: 7664: 7658: 7651: 7644: 7630: 7615: 7611:, Paris 1970 7608: 7601: 7579:(1): 65–78. 7576: 7554:(2): 68–78. 7551: 7547: 7516: 7497: 7493: 7464: 7460: 7432: 7426: 7397: 7389: 7388:Al-Ghazali. 7384: 7374: 7373:Al-Ghazali. 7369: 7364:, p. 9, §41. 7359: 7358:Al-Ghazali. 7343:Google Books 7341:– via 7323: 7316: 7305:. Retrieved 7300: 7287: 7275:. Retrieved 7271:the original 7250:Google Books 7248:– via 7234: 7227: 7218: 7217:al-Dhahabi. 7212: 7203: 7194: 7185: 7176: 7149: 7145: 7135: 7112: 7085:. Retrieved 7081:the original 7065: 7057: 7048: 7039: 7028:. Retrieved 7024:the original 7008: 7000: 6976:(2): 65–85. 6973: 6967: 6957: 6949: 6944: 6934:, retrieved 6932:, 4 May 2022 6928: 6922: 6912:, retrieved 6906: 6900: 6889:. Retrieved 6883: 6872: 6845: 6839: 6830: 6826: 6820:"AL-Ghazali" 6814: 6806:Google Books 6804:– via 6790: 6772:Google Books 6770:– via 6764:. Retrieved 6745: 6738: 6730: 6716: 6710: 6698:. Retrieved 6694: 6685: 6662: 6656: 6647: 6641: 6627: 6618: 6609: 6600: 6591: 6582: 6573: 6564: 6550: 6527: 6521: 6500: 6492: 6483: 6436: 6430: 6414: 6406: 6386: 6378: 6369:The National 6367: 6360:Hasan, Hasan 6354: 6342:. Retrieved 6338:the original 6332:Aydin, Nuh. 6327: 6313: 6290: 6283: 6275: 6270: 6262:Google Books 6260:– via 6246: 6239: 6216: 6207: 6199:Google Books 6197:– via 6179: 6161:Google Books 6159:– via 6141: 6134: 6124: 6088: 6081: 6073: 6072:R.M. Frank, 6057: 6043: 6037: 6018: 6012: 6003: 5995: 5990: 5982: 5977: 5969: 5964: 5934:(1): 65–78. 5931: 5927: 5917: 5892: 5886: 5874: 5861: 5855: 5846: 5840: 5831: 5825:. Retrieved 5821: 5811: 5788: 5755: 5731: 5723: 5715:Google Books 5713:– via 5695: 5688: 5677:. Retrieved 5673: 5664: 5648: 5644: 5628: 5623: 5607: 5584: 5578: 5566:|title= 5508: 5472: 5468: 5458: 5442: 5418: 5377: 5353:. Retrieved 5349: 5340: 5317: 5311: 5303: 5288:. New York: 5285: 5279: 5222:. Retrieved 5218: 5191:. Retrieved 5184: 5175: 5163:. Retrieved 5156: 5153:"Al-Ghazali" 5147: 5135:. Retrieved 5125: 5116: 5109:Griffel 2009 5082:Griffel 2009 5032:the original 5027: 5018: 4999: 4981: 4943:Griffel 2009 4907: 4897: 4890:Griffel 2009 4875:Griffel 2009 4844: 4835: 4828:Griffel 2009 4813:Griffel 2009 4794: 4785: 4743:(1): 65–78. 4740: 4736: 4726: 4698: 4691: 4669: 4665: 4645: 4627: 4621: 4598: 4592: 4572:. New York: 4569: 4536: 4474:Islam portal 4432:Asad Mayhani 4387: 4384: 4380: 4375: 4369: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4318: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4294: 4281: 4271: 4264: 4257: 4250: 4243:"Al-Ghazali" 4238: 4214: 4187: 4175: 4162: 4145: 4132: 4115: 4102: 4089: 4076: 4063: 4048: 4035: 4019: 4006: 3991: 3978: 3965: 3935: 3918: 3905: 3893: 3877: 3860: 3847: 3834: 3821: 3808: 3791: 3778: 3765: 3757:Description 3668: 3664: 3658: 3651: 3644: 3624: 3622:curriculum. 3612: 3592: 3587: 3583: 3553: 3544: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3516: 3512: 3483: 3477: 3467: 3455: 3427: 3409: 3403: 3376: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3353: 3341:Aristotelian 3336: 3334: 3329: 3322: 3318: 3315: 3307: 3301: 3299: 3294: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3278: 3267: 3243: 3233: 3223: 3213: 3211: 3186: 3182: 3176: 3174: 2985:Ni'matullāhī 2950:Sülaymaniyya 2935:Maizbhandari 2545: 2532: 2528:philosophers 2527: 2519: 2516:philosophers 2515: 2513: 2506: 2489: 2477: 2475: 2464: 2460: 2450: 2438:epistemology 2431: 2429: 2424: 2411: 2391: 2369: 2359: 2337: 2137:Institutions 2121: 2114: 2106: 2099: 2091: 2084: 2076: 2068: 2061: 2053: 2046: 2039: 2031: 2023: 2015: 2007: 1999: 1941:Nuh al-Qudah 1575:Ahmad Zarruq 1451:Al-Taftazani 1355:Ibn al-Nafis 1300:Ibn al-Hajib 1282:Ibn al-Athir 1167: 1027:Al-Baqillani 1006:(d. 371/982) 997:(d. 324/936) 924: 884:Ahmad Sanjar 878: 865: 838: 787: 773: 712: 692: 684: 677: 656: 654: 650: 636: 634: 614:philosophers 593: 589: 467: 455: 454: 432:Asad Mayhani 292: 286: 280: 274: 268: 262: 256: 224: 183:Denomination 115:(1111-12-19) 18832:Sunni imams 18827:Sunni Sufis 18812:1111 deaths 18735:Gawhar Shad 18581:Zamakhshari 18561:Shaykh Tusi 18476:Ibn Mubarak 18365:Shahrastani 18080:Zaid Shakir 18040:(1950–2022) 18034:(1935–2022) 18028:(1944–2017) 18022:(1937–2016) 18016:(1935–2016) 18010:(1932–2015) 17993:(1906–2008) 17987:(1915–2004) 17981:(1908–2002) 17975:(1908–1981) 17969:(1877–1960) 17963:(1879–1952) 17957:(1849–1932) 17940:(1860–1916) 17934:(1847–1909) 17928:(1828–1904) 17926:Shaykh Sufi 17922:(1816–1886) 17916:(1820–1882) 17910:(1784–1860) 17893:(1634–1720) 17870:(1503–1566) 17862:Al-Sha`rani 17847:(1466–1533) 17841:(1420–1520) 17835:(1448–1517) 17829:(1445–1505) 17823:(1428–1497) 17811:(1372–1449) 17794:(1350–1429) 17782:(1335–1404) 17776:(1325–1403) 17770:(1344–1392) 17764:(1322–1390) 17752:(1327–1370) 17746:(1302–1367) 17740:(1284–1355) 17734:(1274–1348) 17706:(1256–1341) 17688:(1228–1302) 17682:(1211–1282) 17676:(1230–1277) 17670:(1200–1276) 17641:(1181–1245) 17635:(1187–1244) 17629:(1156–1233) 17623:(1150–1209) 17617:(1154–1191) 17611:(1119–1183) 17605:(1079–1180) 17597:Ibn `Asakir 17593:(1086–1153) 17587:(1058–1111) 17558:(1028–1085) 17550:Al-Qushayri 17546:(1002–1071) 17526:Al-Tha'labi 17510:Al-Lalika'i 17506:(1003–1083) 17446:Fakr ad-Din 17143:Rashid Rida 16991:Independent 16976:Edip Yüksel 16939:Ahle Qur'an 16890:Nazzāmīyya 16887:Ikhshīdiyya 16874:Huzaylīyya 16865:Bahshamiyya 16841:Mā’marīyya 16833:Rationalism 16778:Malamatiyya 16698:Mānsūrīyya 16644:Khaṭṭābiyya 16575:Mu'shabbiha 16535:Sābit Kutna 16468:Sawbānīyya 16452:Gassānīyya 16436:Gaylānīyya 16430:Other sects 16225:Sa'labīyyah 16222:Maymunīyyah 16199:Arbitration 16081:Khurramites 16045:Sam‘ānīyya 15818:Bābā Rexheb 15748:Shah Ismail 15568:Millî Görüş 15486:Ahl ar-Ra'y 15428:Al-Uthaymin 15349:Kullabiyya 15327:Sunni Islam 15228:Independent 15072:Sunni books 14896:Shaykh Tusi 14869:Ali al-Hadi 14859:Ali al-Rida 14796:Yasir Qadhi 14701:Al-Uthaymin 14691:Rashid Rida 14686:Al-Shawkani 14582:(Jāhizīyya) 14567:(Jubbāīyya) 14471:Jawālikīyya 14325:Ali al-Qari 14240:Al-Sarakhsi 14226:Al-Maturidi 14100:Al-Sha'rani 14080:Ibn Khaldun 13955:Al-Qushayri 13917:Theologians 13898:Metaphysics 13804:Eschatology 13771:Theologians 13467:(1835–1840) 13347:(c. 350 BC) 13337:(c. 375 BC) 12954:Tocqueville 12919:Saint-Simon 12884:Montesquieu 12735:Bolingbroke 12667:Machiavelli 12547:Ibn Khaldun 12512:Alpharabius 12505:Middle Ages 12330:Natural law 12305:Common good 12230:Nationalism 12190:Imperialism 12160:Corporatism 12135:Colonialism 12115:Agrarianism 12094:Technocracy 12074:Meritocracy 12054:Bureaucracy 12044:Aristocracy 11803:Ibn Khaldun 11641:Ibn Masarra 11572:Joseph Albo 11557:Nachmanides 11532:Saadia Gaon 11498:John Hennon 11422:Duns Scotus 11387:Ramon Llull 11367:Bonaventure 11362:Roger Bacon 11224:Cassiodorus 11049:René Guénon 11039:Gohar Shahi 10975:Mulla Sadra 10899:Ibn Khaldun 10510:metaphysics 10456:(mysticism) 10438:(education) 10416:Metaphysics 10395:(dialectic) 10381:Eschatology 10358:(intellect) 10211:Ahl al-Ra'y 10080:(d. 741 AH) 10074:(d. 658 AH) 10068:(d. 635 AH) 10062:(d. 635 AH) 10056:(d. 615 AH) 10050:(d. 589 AH) 10044:(d. 558 AH) 10038:(d. 500 AH) 10032:(d. 485 AH) 9998:(d. 745 AH) 9992:(d. 592 AH) 9986:(d. 524 AH) 9967:(d. 534 AH) 9961:(d. 508 AH) 9879:(d. 977 AH) 9873:(d. 974 AH) 9867:(d. 973 AH) 9865:Al-Sha'rani 9861:(d. 926 AH) 9855:(d. 923 AH) 9849:(d. 918 AH) 9843:(d. 911 AH) 9837:(d. 911 AH) 9831:(d. 902 AH) 9825:(d. 852 AH) 9819:(d. 845 AH) 9813:(d. 833 AH) 9807:(d. 807 AH) 9801:(d. 806 AH) 9795:(d. 794 AH) 9793:Al-Zarkashi 9789:(d. 786 AH) 9783:(d. 771 AH) 9777:(d. 764 AH) 9771:(d. 756 AH) 9765:(d. 742 AH) 9759:(d. 728 AH) 9753:(d. 702 AH) 9747:(d. 685 AH) 9741:(d. 676 AH) 9735:(d. 660 AH) 9729:(d. 643 AH) 9723:(d. 606 AH) 9717:(d. 578 AH) 9711:(d. 571 AH) 9709:Ibn 'Asakir 9705:(d. 548 AH) 9699:(d. 516 AH) 9693:(d. 505 AH) 9687:(d. 502 AH) 9681:(d. 478 AH) 9675:(d. 471 AH) 9669:(d. 476 AH) 9663:(d. 465 AH) 9661:Al-Qushayri 9657:(d. 463 AH) 9651:(d. 458 AH) 9645:(d. 430 AH) 9639:(d. 429 AH) 9633:(d. 427 AH) 9631:Al-Tha'labi 9627:(d. 418 AH) 9621:(d. 406 AH) 9615:(d. 405 AH) 9609:(d. 371 AH) 9603:(d. 354 AH) 9583:Hamza Yusuf 9460:(d. 954 AH) 9454:(d. 953 AH) 9448:(d. 914 AH) 9442:(d. 899 AH) 9436:(d. 876 AH) 9430:(d. 808 AH) 9428:Ibn Khaldun 9424:(d. 803 AH) 9418:(d. 790 AH) 9412:(d. 776 AH) 9406:(d. 741 AH) 9400:(d. 737 AH) 9394:(d. 723 AH) 9388:(d. 709 AH) 9382:(d. 702 AH) 9376:(d. 684 AH) 9370:(d. 672 AH) 9364:(d. 628 AH) 9358:(d. 581 AH) 9352:(d. 544 AH) 9346:(d. 543 AH) 9340:(d. 536 AH) 9334:(d. 536 AH) 9328:(d. 520 AH) 9322:(d. 474 AH) 9316:(d. 458 AH) 9310:(d. 430 AH) 9304:(d. 403 AH) 9298:(d. 386 AH) 9092:Sharif Razi 8981:Hadith Book 8969:hadith book 8623:, he taught 7894:(in French) 7663:Dougan, A. 7616:Al-Ghazzali 7607:Laoust, H: 7152:(2): 1–12. 6948:A. Badawi, 6766:25 December 6700:17 December 6464:archive.org 6344:23 February 6096:. pp. 5740:. pp. 5589:CreateSpace 5475:(2): 1–12. 5355:17 December 5224:17 December 4706:. pp. 4502:Nasîhatnâme 4436:Ali al-Qari 4370:Ibn Rushd ( 4097:Philosophy 4084:Philosophy 4071:Philosophy 4058:Philosophy 4030:Philosophy 3564:Sunni Islam 3508:Azerbaijani 3450:practices. 3414: [ 3400:1115–1116). 3116:Persecution 2843:Sufi orders 2752:Sufi poetry 2520:Incoherence 2478:Incoherence 2461:Incoherence 2402:Mutazilites 2375:حجة الإسلام 2360:Zayn al-Dīn 2350:and to the 1642:Al-Sha'rani 1520:Ibn Khaldun 1240:Ibn 'Asakir 1108:Al-Qushayri 957:Ahl al-Ra'y 947:Sunni Islam 832:madrasa in 718: 1058 618:theologians 586: 1058 437:Ali al-Qari 90: 1058 18802:Al-Ghazali 18796:Categories 18612:Asadi Tusi 18506:Marghinani 18471:Ibn Hibban 18391:Abu Hanifa 18269:Ibn Hayyan 18244:Ali Qushji 18239:Alfraganus 18207:Scientists 18198:People of 17967:Said Nursî 17821:Al-Sakhawi 17815:Al-Mahalli 17786:Ibn Nuhaas 17756:Ibn Kathir 17732:Al-Dhahabi 17692:Al-Baydawi 17585:Al-Ghazali 17562:Al-Baghawi 17556:Al-Juwayni 17552:(986–1072) 17540:(994–1066) 17538:Al-Bayhaqi 17534:(972–1058) 17532:Al-Mawardi 17488:(935–1025) 17476:(933–1014) 17392:Al-Humaydi 17369:Al-Shafi'i 17187:Süleymancı 17095:Said Nursî 17054:Mahdavīyya 17005:Messianism 16909:Sumamīyya 16899:Hābītīyya 16787:Baba Ishak 16729:Saba'īyya 16716:Mukhāmmīsa 16707:Mughīrīyya 16694:Ghurābīyya 16656:Bāzīghiyya 16624:Bārāq Bābā 16603:Hulmānīyya 16500:Ziyādīyya 16492:Ubaydīyya 16484:Shamrīyya 16476:Sālehīyya 16460:Tūmanīyya 16444:Yūnusīyya 16405:Sauwāqīyya 16381:Hakāiqīyya 16365:Karrāmīyya 16355:Hanafiyyah 16209:Kharijites 16147:Nuktawiyya 16098:al-Muqanna 16076:Muḥammirah 16064:Abu Muslim 16060:Rezāmīyya 16035:Hārithīyya 16027:Janāhiyya 16017:Hashimiyya 15991:Kaysanites 15938:Badakhshan 15871:Qarmatians 15858:Batiniyyah 15838:Isma'ilism 15809:Demir Bābā 15804:Baktāshism 15797:Bektashism 15776:ibn Nusayr 15772:al-Khaṣībī 15756:Kul Nesîmî 15752:Pir Sultan 15657:Khalafiyya 15652:Dukayniyya 15586:Shia Islam 15528:Maturidism 15450:Madkhalism 15353:Ibn Kullab 15176:Shia books 14726:Madkhalism 14626:Najjārīyya 14516:al-Qībtī ( 14490:Karramiyya 14486:Ibn Karram 14442:Mu'jassimā 14330:Al-Maydani 14320:Ali Qushji 14245:Al-Bazdawi 14221:Maturidism 14206:Al-Shafi'i 14075:Al-Baydawi 14035:Qadi Ayyad 14010:Ibn Tumart 13965:Al-Ghazali 13950:Al-Juwayni 13940:Al-Bayhaqi 13931:al-Ash'ari 13903:Philosophy 13824:Philosophy 13675:Separatism 13483:On Liberty 13383:The Prince 13112:Huntington 12615:Campanella 12542:al-Ghazali 12491:Thucydides 12449:Lactantius 12394:Statolatry 12220:Monarchism 12200:Liberalism 12125:Capitalism 12108:Ideologies 12089:Plutocracy 12037:Government 11993:Revolution 11978:Propaganda 11928:Legitimacy 11903:Government 11768:al-Qazwini 11743:Ibn Sab'in 11722:Ibn Tufayl 11676:al-Kirmani 11562:Gersonides 11552:Maimonides 10904:Yunus Emre 10848:Ibn Sab’in 10817:Suhrawardi 10807:Ibn Tufail 10726:Al-Ghazali 10680:Apharabius 10515:psychology 10485:Avicennism 10347:(theology) 9984:Ibn Tumart 9829:Al-Sakhawi 9817:Al-Maqrizi 9745:Al-Baydawi 9697:Al-Baghawi 9691:Al-Ghazali 9679:Al-Juwayni 9649:Al-Bayhaqi 9607:Ibn Khafif 9601:Ibn Hibban 9488:Ibn 'Ashir 9452:Al-Akhdari 9422:Ibn 'Arafa 9404:Ibn Juzayy 9356:Al-Suhayli 9118:Al-Ghazali 8975:Abu Dawood 8770:Ibn Hisham 8743:al-Shafi‘i 8607:and taught 8589:Sunni Sufi 8581:Abu Hanifa 7985:companions 7639:1610691776 7307:2023-03-23 7087:2012-12-17 7030:2012-12-17 6936:2023-12-29 6914:2023-12-29 6891:2008-12-05 6446:0941532607 6424:0786429046 5827:2024-03-07 5791:. Oxford: 5679:2023-07-30 5617:0941532607 5445:, p. 180. 5053:1441142002 4963:1405178442 4915:. p. 4546:0786419547 4508:References 4424:David Hume 4416:Tan Malaka 4404:Ibn Tumart 4365:al-Dhahabi 4284:April 2023 4254:newspapers 3596:David Hume 3536:Ay farzand 3273:See also: 3111:Sufi music 2880:Suhrawardi 2870:Naqshbandi 2551:See also: 2442:skepticism 2396:school of 2354:school of 2055:Al-Iqtisad 1684:Ibn 'Ashir 1599:Al-Sakhawi 1484:Ibn 'Arafa 1406:Ibn Juzayy 1346:Al-Baydawi 1319:Al-Qurtubi 1168:Al-Ghazali 1135:Al-Juwayni 1090:Al-Bayhaqi 1081:Al-Mawardi 1003:Ibn Khafif 952:Kullabiyya 938:Background 931:Ibn Tumart 888:Muhammad I 802:al-Juwayni 798:Naqshbandi 754:Shia Buyid 752:and ended 671:school of 468:Al-Ghazali 422:David Hume 407:Tan Malaka 402:Maimonides 382:Ibn Tumart 348:Influenced 323:al-Juwayni 231:philosophy 42:Al-Ghazali 18566:Taftazani 18551:Sajawandi 18360:Sijistani 18289:Khwarizmi 18124:(b. 1982) 18118:(b. 1976) 18112:(b. 1971) 18106:(b. 1970) 18100:(b. 1964) 18094:(b. 1963) 18088:(b. 1960) 18082:(b. 1956) 18076:(b. 1954) 18070:(b. 1952) 18068:Ali Gomaa 18064:(b. 1945) 18058:(b. 1942) 18052:(b. 1931) 18046:(b. 1931) 18001:15th/21st 17948:14th/20th 17901:13th/19th 17884:11th/17th 17876:(d. 1570) 17855:10th/16th 17827:Al-Suyuti 17817:(d. 1460) 17788:(d. 1411) 17762:Taftazani 17758:(d. 1373) 17694:(d. 1319) 17674:Al-Nawawi 17664:(d. 1262) 17658:(d. 1258) 17564:(d. 1122) 17528:(d. 1035) 17500:(d. 1038) 17498:Abu Nuaym 17494:(d. 1037) 17482:(d. 1015) 17480:Ibn Furak 17464:(918–995) 17442:(874–936) 17436:(855–930) 17430:(837–923) 17418:(824–887) 17416:Ibn Majah 17406:(810–870) 17400:(781–857) 17375:Al-Muzani 17115:Modernism 17047:Sabbatean 17035:Kabbalist 17013:Ahmadiyya 16944:Kala Kato 16917:Kā‘bīyya 16848:Bishriyya 16828:Muʿtazila 16756:al-Juhani 16749:Qadariyah 16619:Kalandars 16599:Hāshwīyya 16487:Abū Shamr 16420:Zarībīyya 16417:Wāhidīyya 16408:Sūramīyya 16402:Razīnīyya 16378:Dhīmmīyya 16347:Hasan ibn 16321:Wahbiyyah 16268:Abu Qurra 16194:Muhakkima 16138:Hurufiyya 16125:Mahdiists 16040:Riyāhīyya 16021:Hārbīyya 15962:Aga Khans 15957:Assassins 15920:Sulaymani 15884:ad-Darazi 15822:Hārābātīs 15739:Qizilbash 15732:Shaykhism 15608:Jarudiyya 15519:Al-Ahbash 15500:Ash'arism 15433:Al-Albani 15413:Wahhabism 15258:Ahmadiyya 15199:Al-Khisal 15109:Al-Irshad 15064:Key books 14711:Al-Albani 14679:Wahhabism 14533:Mu'tazila 14522:Qadariyah 14400:Mu'attila 14315:Ibn Kemal 14310:Khidr Bey 14190:Hanafiyah 14125:Al-Bahūtī 14120:Ibn Ashir 14085:Ibn Arafa 13980:Ibn Furak 13975:Al-Maziri 13926:Ash'arism 13893:Cosmology 13870:Cosmology 13865:Astronomy 13837:Education 13393:Leviathan 13373:Monarchia 13367:(c. 1274) 13202:Oakeshott 13147:Mansfield 13142:Luxemburg 13127:Kropotkin 13022:Bernstein 12975:centuries 12889:Nietzsche 12832:Jefferson 12760:Condorcet 12708:centuries 12687:Pufendorf 12552:Marsilius 12439:Confucius 12424:Aristotle 12417:Antiquity 12345:Noble lie 12265:Third Way 12260:Socialism 12185:Feudalism 12140:Communism 12120:Anarchism 12099:Theocracy 12084:Oligarchy 12064:Democracy 12049:Autocracy 11963:Pluralism 11948:Obedience 11913:Hierarchy 11873:Authority 11817:See also 11763:Ibn Arabi 11671:al-Biruni 11661:Miskawayh 11606:al-Nazzam 11192:Christian 10965:Mir Damad 10958:17th–19th 10892:14th–16th 10858:al-Abharī 10853:Ibn Arabi 10787:Ahi Evren 10746:Bahmanyār 10505:cosmology 10490:Averroism 10423:(physics) 10369:astrology 10364:Cosmology 10231:Al-Ahbash 10167:Al-Irshad 9990:Ibn Mada' 9959:Ibn 'Aqil 9931:Ali Gomaa 9883:Al-Munawi 9835:Al-Suyuti 9775:Al-Safadi 9739:Al-Nawawi 9619:Ibn Furak 9458:Al-Hattab 9368:Ibn Malik 9332:Al-Maziri 9314:Ibn Sidah 9144:on Sufism 9128:on Sufism 8963:Ibn Majah 8852:(745–799) 8846:(719–775) 8747:Al-Risala 8735:(749–805) 8724:Abu Yusuf 8641:Al-Waqidi 8613:(695–740) 8601:Zaidiyyah 7568:171854695 7329:MIT Press 7301:Viewpoint 7168:2289-8204 6992:188876050 6299:cite book 5956:163151146 5659:24739088. 5557:cite book 5491:2289-8204 5447:Edinburgh 5122:"Ghazali" 4913:Routledge 4765:163151146 4574:Routledge 4518:Citations 4400:al-Nawawi 4392:Ibn Rushd 4363:scholar, 4224:talk page 4045:Ibn Rushd 4014:Tasawwuf 4001:Tasawwuf 3986:Tasawwuf 3973:Tasawwuf 3960:Tasawwuf 3947:Tasawwuf 3930:Tasawwuf 3913:Tasawwuf 3900:Theology 3888:Theology 3872:Theology 3855:Theology 3842:Theology 3829:Theology 3816:Theology 3803:Theology 3786:Theology 3773:Theology 3654:Ibn Arabi 3618:seminary 3572:Ismailism 3550:Influence 3444:Ismailism 3193:(Islamic 3015:Issawiyya 2990:Qalandari 2955:Salihiyya 2850:Ba 'Alawi 2810:Muraqabah 2789:Practices 2498:al-Farabi 2482:Aristotle 2463:entitled 2453:Ibn Rushd 2365:زين الدين 2265:Deobandis 2260:Al-Ahbash 2238:Maturidis 2048:Al-Irshad 1802:Ibn Kiran 1615:Al-Suyuti 1328:Al-Nawawi 1204:Al-Mazari 1186:Ibn 'Aqil 1036:Ibn Furak 911:Ash'arism 858:Jerusalem 830:Nizamiyya 771:in 1056. 709:Biography 622:logicians 590:Algazelus 397:al-Suyuti 377:al-Nawawi 357:Ibn Rushd 172:Jerusalem 21:al-Ghazal 18842:Mujaddid 18822:Shafi'is 18637:Ferdowsi 18576:Tirmidhi 18556:Sarakhsi 18536:Qushayri 18511:Maturidi 18456:Ghaznawi 18340:Avicenna 18284:Khojandi 18254:Birjandi 18249:Avicenna 18224:Abu Wafa 18200:Khorasan 17802:9th/15th 17719:8th/14th 17649:7th/13th 17578:6th/12th 17519:5th/11th 17470:(d. 996) 17455:4th/10th 17424:(d. 915) 17422:Al-Nasai 17412:(d. 875) 17394:(d. 834) 17232:Tawakkul 17199:Tawassul 17161:Taṣawwuf 17083:doctrine 16931:Quranism 16720:Namiriya 16349:Muḥāmmad 16342:Murji'ah 16056:Rawendis 15979:Satpanth 15900:Musta'li 15895:Fatimids 15793:Hurufism 15780:Alawites 15685:Sects in 15677:Mahdiist 15613:Batriyya 15559:Deobandi 15510:Shafi'is 15445:Jihadism 15392:Salafism 15360:Hanbalis 15341:Atharism 15254:Malfūzāt 15192:Al-Amali 14789:Hazimism 14501:Murji'ah 14425:Jahmīyya 14413:Mu'jbira 14005:Ibn Aqil 13648:Centrism 13343:Politics 13333:Republic 13302:Voegelin 13282:Spengler 13267:Shariati 13242:Rothbard 13197:Nussbaum 13097:Habermas 13072:Fukuyama 13062:Foucault 12987:Ambedkar 12964:Voltaire 12934:de Staël 12909:Rousseau 12790:Franklin 12765:Constant 12725:Beccaria 12557:Muhammad 12537:Gelasius 12522:Averroes 12496:Xenophon 12476:Polybius 12429:Chanakya 12274:Concepts 12240:Populism 12210:Localism 12195:Islamism 12180:Feminism 12079:Monarchy 11983:Property 11973:Progress 11938:Monopoly 11908:Hegemony 11697:Ibn Hazm 11651:Al-Amiri 11520:Medieval 11427:Durandus 11294:Roscelin 11219:Boethius 10802:Averroes 10741:Ibn Hazm 10736:Avicenna 10690:Al Amiri 10660:Al-Kindi 10653:9th–10th 10563:ʼIjtihād 10548:ʻAṣabīya 10541:Concepts 10480:Farabism 10435:Madrasah 10250:Maturidi 10190:See also 10060:Al-Kamil 9951:Hanbalis 9925:Al-Bouti 9593:Shafi'is 9258:Category 8597:Deobandi 8072:Abu Bakr 7821:Archived 7806:LibriVox 7585:25182038 7449:38740431 7405:Archived 6650:: 65–78. 6215:(2001). 5948:25182038 5376:(2009). 5215:"ḠAZĀLĪ" 4905:(2007). 4757:25182038 4664:(2009). 4497:Mujaddid 4446:See also 4372:Averroes 4329:Muhammad 4325:mujaddid 4297:economic 4188:Sources: 3739:389–457 3731:274–389 3723:225–273 3715:128–224 3686:Content 3620:Madrasah 3568:Batinite 3373:apostasy 3312:gluttony 3203:theology 2975:Shattari 2940:Malamati 2890:Khalwati 2875:Shadhili 2855:Bektashi 2825:Whirling 2795:Anasheed 2722:Qalandar 2590:Tomb of 2564:a series 2562:Part of 2494:Avicenna 2490:Falāsifa 2471:Averroes 2457:Averroes 2394:Asharite 2356:theology 2352:Asharite 2300:Category 2270:Barelvis 2041:Al-Insaf 903:a series 901:Part of 854:Damascus 841:hysteria 814:Nishapur 806:Nishapur 769:al-Qa'im 748:entered 738:Khorasan 665:mujtahid 638:mujaddid 598:polymath 328:Avicenna 221:theology 176:Damascus 154:Nishapur 126:Religion 78:Personal 18817:Asharis 18710:Gardizi 18647:Kashifi 18521:Muqatil 18501:Lamishi 18496:Kashifi 18486:Juwayni 18451:Ghazali 18436:Bukhari 18431:Bazdawi 18426:Bayhaqi 18421:Baghavi 18330:Algazel 18279:Khazini 18147:Hanbali 17404:Bukhari 17385:3rd/9th 17362:2nd/8th 17281:Shafi'i 17271:Hanbali 17237:Tewafuq 17217:Sadaqah 17178:Barelvi 17169:Ṭarīqah 17023:Qadiani 16996:beliefs 16766:Alevism 16613:Dimashq 16399:Nūnīyya 16393:Maʿīyya 16353:ibn al- 16328:Azzabas 16289:Ibadism 16277:Nukkari 16231:Azariqa 16216:Ajardi 16163:Bábīyya 16069:Sunpadh 16001:Mukhtār 15966:Nizaris 15941:Alevism 15915:Dawoodi 15905:Tayyibi 15867:Sevener 15846:Fathite 15720:Akhbari 15715:Ja'fari 15702:Twelver 15681:Shi'ite 15618:Imamate 15595:Zaydism 15546:Barelvi 15533:Hanafis 15505:Malikis 15474:Maqrizi 15423:Ibn Baz 15382:Zahiris 15144:Masnavi 14696:Ibn Baz 14510:Dimashq 14210:Shafi‘i 14140:'Illish 13875:Physics 13857:Science 13685:Statism 13598:Elitism 13556:Related 13357:(51 BC) 13287:Strauss 13262:Scruton 13257:Schmitt 13247:Russell 13167:Michels 13162:Maurras 13157:Marcuse 13117:Kautsky 13087:Gramsci 13082:Gentile 13052:Dworkin 13042:Du Bois 13037:Dmowski 13032:Chomsky 13027:Burnham 13012:Benoist 12982:Agamben 12949:Thoreau 12939:Stirner 12929:Spencer 12874:Mazzini 12864:Maistre 12859:Madison 12854:Le Play 12785:Fourier 12750:Carlyle 12730:Bentham 12720:Bastiat 12715:Bakunin 12692:Spinoza 12682:Müntzer 12652:Leibniz 12625:Grotius 12605:Bossuet 12572:Plethon 12517:Aquinas 12486:Sun Tzu 12454:Mencius 12444:Han Fei 12215:Marxism 12175:Fascism 12008:Society 11933:Liberty 11918:Justice 11898:Freedom 11586:Islamic 11377:Vitello 11335:century 11333:13–14th 11255:century 11253:11–12th 11021:present 10583:Maslaha 10467:Schools 10454:Sufism 10338:Alchemy 10270:Shafi'i 10048:Saladin 9976:Zahiris 9288:Malikis 9138:Masnavi 9108:Ismaili 9013:Twelver 8633:Muwatta 8605:Fatimid 8593:Barelvi 7832:at the 7789:at the 7766:(ed.). 7481:7876530 7418:Sources 6319:science 5909:4299634 5453:, 1963. 5193:29 June 5165:29 June 5137:29 June 4268:scholar 3707:96–127 3576:Persian 3560:Shariah 3524:ʿAyniya 3500:Turkish 3492:English 3472:and in 3470:Persian 3252:). The 3121:Ziyarat 3106:History 3096:Ma'rifa 3058:Singers 3020:Jerrahi 3010:Inayati 2970:Mevlevi 2965:Kubrawi 2960:Azeemia 2945:Mouridi 2930:Jelveti 2925:Bayrami 2915:Darqawi 2895:Rahmani 2865:Chishti 2830:Ziyarat 2815:Qawwali 2767:Tazkiah 2732:Silsila 2707:Murshid 2692:Ma'rifa 2672:Karamat 2627:Dervish 2344:Shafi'i 2232:Classic 874:khanqah 849:ascetic 834:Baghdad 826:Isfahan 750:Baghdad 746:Seljuks 730:Persian 669:Shafi'i 667:in the 626:mystics 594:Algazel 197:Shafi'i 163:Baghdad 28:Ghazali 18672:Sanā'ī 18662:Rudaki 18627:Daqiqi 18622:Behzad 18602:Anvari 18546:Sabuni 18531:Nasa'i 18526:Muslim 18491:Kasani 18441:Dabusi 18416:Ansari 18345:Farabi 18294:Nasawi 18259:Biruni 18157:Zahiri 18152:Maliki 18142:Hanafi 17286:Zahiri 17276:Maliki 17266:Hanafi 17242:Thawab 17222:Sunnah 17147:Other 17103:Hizmet 17067:Zikris 17038:Dönmes 17028:Lahori 16994:Muslim 16814:Rifa`i 16754:Ma'bad 16636:Tajsīm 16584:Tamsīl 16311:Ifrani 16251:Najdat 16154:Shayki 16123:Other 16091:Mazyar 15970:Khojas 15948:Nizari 15927:Hafizi 15888:Druzes 15869: 15813:Alians 15767:Ghulat 15247:Alawis 14514:Nabati 14479:Abdals 14461:Juzjan 14200:Maliki 13885:Sufism 13809:Ethics 13796:Aqidah 13788:Fields 13767:Fields 13547:(1992) 13537:(1971) 13527:(1951) 13517:(1945) 13507:(1944) 13497:(1929) 13487:(1859) 13477:(1848) 13457:(1820) 13447:(1791) 13437:(1790) 13427:(1762) 13417:(1748) 13407:(1689) 13397:(1651) 13387:(1532) 13377:(1313) 13307:Walzer 13297:Taylor 13252:Sartre 13217:Popper 13212:Pareto 13207:Ortega 13192:Nozick 13182:Mouffe 13132:Laclau 13092:Guénon 13077:Gandhi 13017:Berlin 13007:Bauman 13002:Badiou 12992:Arendt 12959:Tucker 12849:Le Bon 12810:Herder 12800:Haller 12795:Godwin 12780:Fichte 12775:Engels 12770:Cortés 12740:Bonald 12697:Suárez 12672:Milton 12662:Luther 12635:Hobbes 12620:Filmer 12610:Calvin 12595:Boétie 12588:period 12567:Ockham 12434:Cicero 12235:Nazism 12023:Utopia 11998:Rights 11988:Regime 11958:People 11943:Nation 11512:Jewish 11244:Alcuin 10613:Tawḥīd 10573:ʻIrfān 10386:Ethics 10344:Aqidah 10331:Fields 10263:Maliki 10256:Hanafi 10226:Sufism 10221:Tawhid 10118:Mamluk 8894:school 8892:Zahiri 8366:taught 7749:Vol. 3 7745:Vol. 2 7674: 7637: 7583: 7566: 7531: 7479: 7447: 7335: 7277:27 May 7242: 7166: 7123: 7073: 7016: 6990: 6860: 6833:: 3–4. 6798: 6757: 6723: 6673: 6538: 6509: 6443: 6422: 6399: 6254: 6227: 6191: 6153: 6104: 6050: 6025: 5954: 5946: 5907: 5833:q.v.). 5799: 5748: 5707: 5615: 5595: 5515: 5489: 5388: 5328: 5296: 5051: 5006: 4961: 4923: 4855: 4763: 4755: 4714: 4679: 4638: 4609: 4580: 4543: 4412:Suyuti 4270: 4263: 4256: 4249: 4241: 3754:Title 3699:73–95 3683:Pages 3602:, and 3556:Sufism 3496:Arabic 3488:Tehran 3474:Arabic 3442:, and 3261:Nawawi 3242:) and 3207:sufism 3205:) and 3091:Haqiqa 3086:Tariqa 3081:Sharia 3076:Tawhid 3030:Zahedi 3025:Madari 3000:Galibi 2995:Akbari 2980:Uwaisi 2920:Senusi 2910:Tijani 2905:Desuqi 2900:Badawi 2885:Rifa`i 2860:Qadiri 2777:Yaqeen 2687:Manzil 2682:Lataif 2652:Haqiqa 2575:Sufism 2368:) and 2340:Sufism 2254:Modern 2203:Events 870:zawiya 862:Medina 822:Seljuk 810:Gurgan 643:hadith 610:muftis 472:Arabic 460:Arabic 239:Sharia 217:Sufism 207:Ashari 193:School 146:Region 18335:Amiri 18314:Sijzi 17227:Taqwa 16611:ī ad- 16609:Fāris 16263:Sufri 16086:Babak 15910:Alavi 15876:Hamza 15834:Imami 15725:Usuli 15698:Imami 15689:Islam 15673:Imami 15455:Sahwa 14518:Murjī 14512:ī an- 14463:ī al- 14454:Balkh 14178:Sunni 14175:Early 13847:Peace 13842:Logic 13814:Kalam 13775:Books 13696:Index 13325:Works 13312:Weber 13277:Spann 13272:Sorel 13237:Röpke 13232:Rawls 13187:Negri 13177:Mosca 13172:Mises 13137:Lenin 13107:Hoppe 13102:Hayek 13067:Fromm 13057:Evola 13047:Dugin 12944:Taine 12924:Smith 12904:Renan 12899:Paine 12820:Iqbal 12805:Hegel 12755:Comte 12745:Burke 12657:Locke 12647:James 12600:Bodin 12532:Dante 12527:Bruni 12481:Shang 12464:Plato 12018:State 11968:Power 11953:Peace 11888:Elite 11866:Terms 11594:Early 11200:Early 11019:20th– 10618:Ummah 10608:Shūrā 10603:Qiyās 10593:Qadar 10578:Ijmāʿ 10558:Iʻjaz 10475:Early 10429:Peace 10411:Logic 10392:Kalam 10216:Kalam 10072:Qutuz 8585:Sunni 8064:Aisha 7981:Quran 7887:, in 7762:. In 7753:Vol.4 7741:Vol 1 7714:(PDF) 7691:(PDF) 7618:, in 7581:JSTOR 7564:S2CID 7500:(2). 7494:Umran 7445:S2CID 7297:(PDF) 7117:(PDF) 6988:S2CID 6823:(PDF) 6751:Brill 5952:S2CID 5944:JSTOR 5905:JSTOR 5657:JSTOR 5631:, p27 4761:S2CID 4753:JSTOR 4513:Notes 4361:Sunni 4275:JSTOR 4261:books 3867:Jesus 3760:Type 3691:1–72 3600:Dante 3558:with 3454:, in 3436:kalam 3418:] 3396:509 ( 3199:kalam 2805:Haḍra 2800:Dhikr 2762:Salik 2702:Murid 2697:Maqam 2677:Kashf 2662:Irfan 2657:Ihsan 2637:Fakir 2632:Dhawq 2622:Baqaa 2608:Abdal 2602:Ideas 2568:Islam 2486:Plato 2414:Taifa 2408:Works 2243:Sufis 962:Kalam 845:Mecca 776:Ahmad 235:logic 226:kalam 203:Creed 187:Sunni 174:) / ( 130:Islam 67:Title 18725:Aufi 18667:Rumi 18642:Jami 18541:Razi 15993:Shia 14390:Rumi 13832:‘Aql 13227:Rand 13222:Qutb 13122:Kirk 12997:Aron 12914:Sade 12894:Owen 12879:Mill 12869:Marx 12837:Kant 12815:Hume 12677:More 12577:Wang 12459:Mozi 11883:Duty 11736:Late 11685:High 11446:Late 10949:Jami 10831:13th 10770:12th 10719:11th 10598:Qalb 10588:Nafs 10568:ʻIlm 10500:Sufi 10402:Fiqh 9134:Rumi 9015:Shia 8621:Shia 8090:Umar 8070:and 7672:ISBN 7635:ISBN 7622:and 7529:ISBN 7477:PMID 7333:ISBN 7279:2013 7240:ISBN 7164:ISSN 7121:ISBN 7071:ISBN 7014:ISBN 6858:ISBN 6796:ISBN 6768:2020 6755:ISBN 6721:ISBN 6702:2012 6671:ISBN 6536:ISBN 6507:ISBN 6441:ISBN 6420:ISBN 6397:ISBN 6346:2014 6305:link 6252:ISBN 6225:ISBN 6189:ISBN 6151:ISBN 6102:ISBN 6048:ISBN 6023:ISBN 5888:Iran 5797:ISBN 5746:ISBN 5705:ISBN 5613:ISBN 5593:ISBN 5570:help 5513:ISBN 5487:ISSN 5386:ISBN 5357:2012 5326:ISBN 5294:ISBN 5226:2012 5195:2019 5167:2019 5139:2019 5049:ISBN 5004:ISBN 4959:ISBN 4921:ISBN 4853:ISBN 4712:ISBN 4677:ISBN 4636:ISBN 4607:ISBN 4578:ISBN 4541:ISBN 4247:news 3504:Urdu 3448:Sufi 3404:The 3255:Ihya 3191:fiqh 2820:Sama 2772:Wali 2727:Qutb 2712:Nafs 2667:Ishq 2642:Fana 2496:and 2484:and 2476:The 2455:(or 866:uzla 856:and 796:, a 789:fiqh 780:Sufi 742:Iran 624:and 110:Died 99:Iran 83:Born 38:Imam 17081:'s 16309:al- 16275:al- 15267:of 15256:of 15245:of 14824:Ali 14476:Rum 14465:Kūf 14452:al- 13292:Sun 13152:Mao 12028:War 11923:Law 10553:Ḥāl 10355:Aql 8058:Ali 7858:on 7804:at 7703:doi 7667:by 7556:doi 7521:doi 7502:doi 7469:doi 7437:doi 7154:doi 6978:doi 6850:doi 5936:doi 5897:doi 5653:doi 5477:doi 4917:174 4745:doi 4394:, 4230:by 3361:The 3346:God 3316:The 3306:is 3232:), 3222:), 3197:), 3181:or 3101:Art 2717:Nūr 2647:Hal 2566:on 2387:Tus 2378:). 929:by 734:Tus 722:Tus 720:in 673:law 628:in 592:or 229:), 136:Era 95:Tus 18798:: 17352:AD 17350:/ 17348:AH 17185:– 17176:– 17101:– 17065:– 17045:– 16812:– 16798:– 16789:– 16776:– 16161:– 16145:– 16015:– 15977:– 15964:– 15955:– 15936:– 15886:– 15865:– 15820:– 15811:– 15791:– 15778:– 15758:– 15566:– 15557:– 15544:– 15517:– 14467:ī 10641:CE 10253:– 9140:, 9124:, 9045:, 8914:, 8599:, 8595:, 8591:, 8587:, 8066:, 7751:, 7747:, 7743:, 7697:. 7693:. 7684:: 7562:. 7552:16 7550:. 7546:. 7527:. 7519:. 7496:. 7492:. 7475:. 7465:50 7463:. 7443:. 7433:43 7431:. 7351:^ 7331:. 7327:. 7299:. 7258:^ 7162:. 7148:. 7144:. 7096:^ 7047:. 6986:. 6972:. 6966:. 6882:. 6856:. 6831:23 6829:. 6825:. 6780:^ 6749:. 6729:. 6693:. 6665:. 6534:. 6530:. 6470:^ 6455:^ 6405:. 6395:. 6393:30 6366:. 6301:}} 6297:{{ 6187:. 6183:. 6169:^ 6145:. 6116:^ 6100:. 6098:84 6092:. 6065:^ 6056:. 5950:. 5942:. 5932:68 5930:. 5926:. 5903:. 5891:. 5885:. 5830:. 5820:. 5795:. 5763:^ 5754:. 5744:. 5742:30 5736:. 5699:. 5672:. 5649:29 5647:. 5636:^ 5587:. 5561:: 5559:}} 5555:{{ 5539:^ 5527:^ 5499:^ 5485:. 5471:. 5467:. 5449:: 5432:^ 5400:^ 5380:. 5365:^ 5348:. 5320:. 5302:. 5264:^ 5249:^ 5234:^ 5217:. 5203:^ 5183:. 5155:. 5130:. 5124:. 5101:^ 5089:^ 5074:^ 5059:^ 5040:^ 5026:. 4990:^ 4980:. 4969:^ 4950:^ 4935:^ 4919:. 4911:. 4882:^ 4867:^ 4847:. 4820:^ 4805:^ 4784:. 4773:^ 4759:. 4751:. 4741:68 4739:. 4735:. 4710:. 4708:84 4702:. 4671:. 4653:^ 4644:. 4630:. 4601:. 4576:. 4555:^ 4525:^ 4442:. 4438:, 4434:, 4430:, 4426:, 4422:, 4418:, 4414:, 4410:, 4406:, 4402:, 4398:, 4331:. 4055:) 3656:. 3606:. 3598:, 3506:, 3502:, 3498:, 3494:, 3438:, 3416:ar 3398:AD 3394:AH 3325:. 3290:. 3209:. 2541:. 2504:. 905:on 836:. 736:, 715:c. 687:(" 675:. 653:" 632:. 620:, 616:, 612:, 608:, 604:, 583:c. 581:; 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