201:
280:
where they inflicted a decisive defeat on the
Mongols, turning back their invasion in a way which was almost unprecedented in the Mongol experience. Al Mansur served with distinction during the battle, and was restored to his domains in Hama as a Mamluk vassal. His loyalty thereafter to the Mamluks
253:
outside Cairo. This exposed An-Nasir and all of the other emirs who had supported him to the dangers of a Mamluk invasion of Syria, and in the following years the
Mamluks steadily expanded their power over Palestine and the southern portions of Syria. At the same time, the Mongols were emerging as
267:
he began to mistrust him and lost faith in the alliance he had proposed. Cornered between the
Mongols heading south and the Mamluks heading north, he entrusted his family to Al-Mansur, handed over command of his troops to him, and directed him to join Qutuz in his camp. An-Nasir himself with his
258:
launched his long-awaited invasion of Syria. Crossing the
Euphrates, Hulagu first laid siege to Aleppo in January 1260 (Safar 658), which unwisely declined his offer to let it surrender. The Mongols stormed the city after a brief siege, and laid waste to it without mercy. Needing no further
262:
The other
Ayyubid emirates in Syria all quickly submitted to the Mongols around the same time, although they continued to scheme with each other and with the Mamluks to try and organise a military coalition to drive the Mongols back. Al-Mansur was closely allied with An-Nasir Yusuf, ruler of
263:
Damascus, who fled before the
Mongols arrived and headed for Egypt with Al-Mansur in attendance, where he now hoped to form an alliance with the Mamluks to drive the Mongols out and restore himself to paramountcy in Syria. However, as he approached the encampment of the Mamluk general
259:
warning, Al-Mansur sent an embassy to Hulagu to plead for the lives and livelihoods of the people of Hama. Hulagu agreed to spare the city, and sent a
Persian official named Khusraushah to rule the city as his viceregent.
248:
The effect of this coup in Egypt was to make An-Nasir Yusuf of Aleppo the senior
Ayyubid ruler, and Al Mansur joined the other minor emirs in the army he assembled to invade Egypt. The Ayyubid army went down to a
276:
In obeying Am-Nasir Yusuf and joining the Mamluk army, Al-Mansur took a decisive step which was to restore him to Hama, albeit under Mamluk suzerainty. The Mamluk army headed north to
281:
meant that while the other
Ayyubid states were gradually absorbed by them over the next few years, Hama remained under Ayyubid rule until 1341, longer than any other Syrian city.
228:
as well as Al Mansur. Both were young - Al-Ashraf Musa was eighteen and Al Mansur was just twelve - and new on their thrones. As-Salih Ayyub campaigned against his rival
867:
756:
746:
751:
366:
Irwin R., The Middle East in the Middle Ages: The Early Mamluk
Sultanate 1250-1382, Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale 1986, p.46
403:
339:
Grousset R (trans. Walford N), The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia State University of New Jersey 2002, p.362
232:
of Aleppo but returned to Egypt to confront a new Crusader threat in 1249. Shortly afterwards he died. His son and successor
781:
847:
806:
535:
862:
801:
706:
530:
482:
447:
268:
brother and son remained behind and he was captured by Mongol skirmishers and sent back to Hulagu as a prisoner.
852:
396:
626:
221:
330:
Mundhir Fattah, Hala and Caso, Frank, A Brief History of Iraq, Infobase Publishing, New York 2009, p.101
209:
348:
Humphreys, R.S. From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus 1193-1260, SUNY Press 1977 p.350
510:
357:
Humphreys, R.S. From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus 1193-1260, SUNY Press 1977 p.91
312:
Humphreys, R.S. From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus 1193-1260, SUNY Press 1977 p.91
816:
375:
Ibn Taghri, al-Nujum al-Zahirah Fi Milook Misr wa al-Qahirah, al-Hay'ah al-Misreyah 1968 pp.103-273"
389:
857:
671:
412:
285:
220:
was consolidating his power. In spring 1247 As-Salih Ayyub set out for Syria where he met emir
58:
661:
656:
189:
177:
48:
842:
651:
611:
545:
472:
233:
181:
727:
8:
741:
277:
153:
254:
a serious threat in the East, and took Baghdad in 1258. In September 1259 (Ramadan 657)
236:
did not long outlive him and in 1250 the Ayyubid dynasty was overthrown in Egypt by the
761:
646:
520:
289:
716:
711:
681:
621:
250:
575:
416:
122:
93:
381:
821:
811:
701:
586:
570:
550:
540:
525:
477:
467:
442:
229:
217:
321:
Riley-Smith, J. (ed.) The Atlas of the Crusades, Times Books, London 1990 p.96
836:
237:
791:
580:
255:
200:
103:
796:
786:
736:
692:
616:
462:
515:
452:
676:
496:
457:
772:
606:
505:
437:
185:
169:
88:
216:
Al Mansur came to the throne at a time when the Egyptian Sultan
561:
424:
428:
293:
284:
Al Mansur ruled until 1284, when he was succeeded by his son
264:
637:
597:
492:
225:
205:
173:
29:
208:, commissioned by Al-Mansur Muhammad II. Presently in the
243:
411:
296:because he was too much of a threat to his rule.
288:. Al Mansur’s sister was betrothed to the Mamluk
834:
868:13th-century people from the Mamluk Sultanate
397:
404:
390:
199:
184:. He was the great-great grandson of
835:
292:who was murdered by the Mamluk Sultan
385:
271:
16:Ayyubid Emir of Hama (r. 1244–1284)
13:
14:
879:
251:disastrous defeat at Al-Salihiyya
192:. His mother was Ghaziya Khatun.
244:Threats from Mamluks and Mongols
134:Ayyubid army (Mamluk regiments)
369:
360:
351:
342:
333:
324:
315:
306:
195:
1:
299:
142:
83:1284 (aged 69–70)
7:
848:13th-century Ayyubid rulers
10:
884:
210:Victoria and Albert Museum
770:
725:
690:
635:
595:
559:
491:
423:
159:
149:
138:
128:
118:
113:
109:
99:
87:
79:
64:
54:
44:
36:
26:
21:
863:Medieval child monarchs
677:al-Mu'ayyad Abu al-Fida
817:Saʿd al-Din al-Humaidi
672:al-Muzaffar III Mahmud
448:al-Mansur Nasir al-Din
286:Al-Muzaffar III Mahmud
213:
59:Al-Muzaffar III Mahmud
853:Ayyubid emirs of Hama
667:al-Mansur II Muhammad
662:al-Muzaffar II Mahmud
657:al-Nasir Kilij Arslan
203:
190:Nur ad-Din Shahanshah
178:al-Muzaffar II Mahmud
166:Al-Mansur II Muhammad
139:Years of service
49:Al-Muzaffar II Mahmud
22:Al-Mansur II Muhammad
757:al-Muzaffar Sulaiman
652:al-Mansur I Muhammad
612:Muhammad ibn Shirkuh
546:al-Muazzam Turanshah
473:al-Muazzam Turanshah
234:Al-Muazzam Turanshah
182:al-Mansur I Muhammad
742:Tughtakin ibn Ayyub
607:Asad ad-Din Shirkuh
154:Battle of Ain Jalut
647:al-Muzaffar I Umar
290:Faris ad-Din Aktai
272:Mamluk Restoration
214:
204:Marble basin from
176:1244–1284, son of
830:
829:
717:al-Kamil Muhammad
712:al-Muzaffar Ghazi
682:al-Afdal Muhammad
622:al-Mansur Ibrahim
163:
162:
875:
576:al-Aziz Muhammad
406:
399:
392:
383:
382:
376:
373:
367:
364:
358:
355:
349:
346:
340:
337:
331:
328:
322:
319:
313:
310:
180:and grandson of
144:
130:
75:
73:
19:
18:
883:
882:
878:
877:
876:
874:
873:
872:
833:
832:
831:
826:
807:as-Salih Ismail
782:Ibn al-Muqaddam
766:
762:al-Mas'ud Yusuf
747:al-Muizz Ismail
728:Yemen and Hejaz
721:
686:
631:
591:
555:
536:as-Salih Ismail
521:al-Mu'azzam Isa
487:
419:
417:Ayyubid dynasty
410:
380:
379:
374:
370:
365:
361:
356:
352:
347:
343:
338:
334:
329:
325:
320:
316:
311:
307:
302:
274:
246:
198:
114:Military career
71:
69:
17:
12:
11:
5:
881:
871:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
828:
827:
825:
824:
822:an-Nasir Yusuf
819:
814:
812:as-Salih Ayyub
809:
804:
802:al-Ashraf Musa
799:
794:
789:
784:
778:
776:
768:
767:
765:
764:
759:
754:
752:an-Nasir Ayyub
749:
744:
739:
733:
731:
723:
722:
720:
719:
714:
709:
707:al-Ashraf Musa
704:
702:al-Awhad Ayyub
698:
696:
688:
687:
685:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
643:
641:
633:
632:
630:
629:
627:al-Ashraf Musa
624:
619:
614:
609:
603:
601:
593:
592:
590:
589:
587:an-Nasir Yusuf
584:
578:
573:
571:az-Zahir Ghazi
567:
565:
557:
556:
554:
553:
551:an-Nasir Yusuf
548:
543:
541:as-Salih Ayyub
538:
533:
531:al-Ashraf Musa
528:
526:an-Nasir Dawud
523:
518:
513:
508:
502:
500:
489:
488:
486:
485:
483:al-Ashraf Musa
480:
478:Shajar al-Durr
475:
470:
468:as-Salih Ayyub
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
443:al-Aziz Uthman
440:
434:
432:
421:
420:
409:
408:
401:
394:
386:
378:
377:
368:
359:
350:
341:
332:
323:
314:
304:
303:
301:
298:
273:
270:
245:
242:
230:An-Nasir Yusuf
222:Al-Ashraf Musa
218:As-Salih Ayyub
197:
194:
161:
160:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
140:
136:
135:
132:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
111:
110:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
91:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
46:
42:
41:
38:
34:
33:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
880:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
858:Sunni Muslims
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
840:
838:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
779:
777:
774:
769:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
734:
732:
729:
724:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
699:
697:
694:
689:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
644:
642:
639:
634:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
604:
602:
599:
594:
588:
585:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
568:
566:
563:
558:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
503:
501:
498:
494:
490:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
435:
433:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
407:
402:
400:
395:
393:
388:
387:
384:
372:
363:
354:
345:
336:
327:
318:
309:
305:
297:
295:
291:
287:
282:
279:
269:
266:
260:
257:
252:
241:
239:
238:Bahri mamluks
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
211:
207:
202:
193:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
158:
155:
152:
148:
141:
137:
133:
127:
124:
121:
117:
112:
108:
105:
102:
98:
95:
92:
90:
86:
82:
78:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
50:
47:
43:
39:
35:
32:
31:
25:
20:
666:
581:Dayfa Khatun
371:
362:
353:
344:
335:
326:
317:
308:
283:
275:
261:
247:
215:
165:
164:
150:Battles/wars
27:
843:1284 deaths
792:Farrukhshah
775:(1175–1260)
730:(1173–1228)
695:(1180–1260)
640:(1175–1341)
600:(1175–1262)
564:(1177–1260)
499:(1174–1260)
431:(1171–1250)
256:Hulagu Khan
196:Early years
145:1260 – 1280
104:Sunni Islam
45:Predecessor
837:Categories
797:Bahramshah
787:Turan-Shah
737:Turan-Shah
693:Diyar Bakr
617:al-Mujahid
463:al-Adil II
300:References
119:Allegiance
771:Emirs of
726:Emirs of
691:Emirs of
636:Emirs of
596:Emirs of
560:Emirs of
516:al-Adil I
453:al-Adil I
278:Ain Jalut
212:, London
186:Saladin’s
55:Successor
40:1244–1284
583:(regent)
511:al-Afdal
497:Damascus
458:al-Kamil
188:brother
172:emir of
168:was the
129:Service/
123:Ayyubids
100:Religion
28:Emir of
773:Baalbek
506:Saladin
438:Saladin
425:Sultans
415:of the
170:Ayyubid
94:Ayyubid
89:Dynasty
70: (
562:Aleppo
413:Rulers
131:branch
493:Emirs
429:Egypt
294:Aybak
265:Qutuz
37:Reign
638:Hama
598:Homs
226:Homs
206:Hama
174:Hama
80:Died
72:1214
68:1214
65:Born
30:Hama
495:of
427:of
224:of
839::
240:.
143:c.
405:e
398:t
391:v
74:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
