1632:
ectodermal structure called the nasal fin. The nasal fin separates the sac from the oral cavity. Within the fin, vacuoles develop that fuse with the nasal sac. This enlarges the nasal sac and at the same time thins the fin to a membrane - the oronasal membrane that separates the nasal pits from the oral cavity. During the seventh week the oronasal membrane ruptures and disintegrates to form an opening - the single primitive choana. The intermaxillary segment extends posteriorly to form the primary palate, which makes up the floor of the nasal cavity. During the eighth and ninth weeks, a pair of thin extensions form from the medial walls of the maxillary process. These extensions are called the palatine shelves that form the secondary palate. The secondary palate will endochondrally ossify to form the hard palate - the end-stage floor of the nasal cavity. During this time, ectoderm and
2080:
1687:- the maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid, and frontal, develop from the nasal cavity as invaginations extending into their named bones. Two pairs of sinuses form during prenatal development and two pairs form after birth. The maxillary sinuses are the first to appear during the fetal third month. They slowly expand within the maxillary bones and continue to expand throughout childhood. The maxillary sinuses form as invaginations from the nasal sac. The ethmoid sinuses appear in the fetal fifth month as invaginations of the middle meatus. The ethmoid sinuses do not grow into the ethmoid bone and do not completely develop until puberty.
840:
1186:
65:
1959:
1528:. The axons are in varying stages of maturity, reflecting the constant turnover of neurons in the olfactory epithelium. A plexiform network is formed in the lamina propria, by the bundles of axons that are surrounded by olfactory ensheathing cells. In as many as twenty branches, the bundled axons cross the cribriform plate and enter the overlying olfactory bulb ending as glomeruli. Each branch is enclosed by an outer dura mater that becomes continuous with the nasal periosteum.
395:
1601:, paired mandibular processes and paired maxillary processes. The nose is largely formed by the fusion of these five facial prominences. The frontonasal process gives rise to the bridge of the nose. The medial nasal processes provide the crest and the tip of the nose, and the lateral nasal processes form the alae or sides of the nose. The frontonasal process is a proliferation of mesenchyme in front of the brain vesicles, and makes up the upper border of the stomadeum.
1194:
1022:
1746:, and the resulting conditioning of the air before it reaches the lungs is important in maintaining the internal environment and proper functioning of the lungs. The turbulence created by the conchae and meatuses optimises the warming, moistening, and filtering of the mucosa. A major protective role is thereby provided by these structures of the upper respiratory tract, in the passage of air to the more delicate structures of the lower respiratory tract.
1088:
56:
1708:
6044:
701:. The compressor naris muscle compresses the nostrils and may completely close them. The alar part, the dilator naris mainly consists of the dilator naris posterior, and a much smaller dilator naris anterior, and this muscle flares the nostrils. The dilator naris helps to form the upper ridge of the philtrum. The anterior, and the posterior dilator naris, (the alar part of the nasalis muscle), give support to the nasal valves.
1616:. The nasal placodes are also known as the olfactory placodes. This development is induced by the ventral part of the forebrain. In the sixth week, the ectoderm in each nasal placode invaginates to form an indented oval-shaped pit, which forms a surrounding raised ridge of tissue. Each nasal pit forms a division between the ridges, into a lateral nasal process on the outer edge, and a medial nasal process on the inner edge.
1777:
403:
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5973:
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that allows optimum contact with the respiratory epithelium for the necessary warming, moisturising, and filtering. The turbulence also allows movement of the air to pass over the olfactory epithelium and transfer odour information. The angle of the valve between the septum and the sidewall needs to be sufficient for unobstructed airflow, and this is normally between 10 and 15 degrees.
528:
1152:. The pug nose is characterised by excess tissue from the apex that is out of proportion to the rest of the nose. A low and underdeveloped nasal bridge may also be evident. A saddle nose deformity involving the collapse of the bridge of the nose is mostly associated with trauma to the nose but can be caused by other conditions including
1693:
The frontal sinuses only develop in the fifth or sixth year of childhood, and continue expanding throughout adolescence. Each frontal sinus is made up of two independent spaces that develop from two different sources; one from the expansion of ethmoid sinuses into frontal bone, and the other develops
725:
The skin of the nose varies in thickness along its length. From the glabella to the bridge (the nasofrontal angle), the skin is thick, fairly flexible, and mobile. It tapers to the bridge where it is thinnest and least flexible as it is closest to the underlying bone. From the bridge until the tip of
670:
of the mouth. As are all of the facial muscles, the muscles of the nose are innervated by the facial nerve and its branches. Although each muscle is independent, the muscles of the nose form a continuous layer with connections between all the components of the muscles and ligaments, in the nasal part
2187:
nose lifts" in the form of re-usable cosmetic items have become popular and are sold in many Asian countries such as China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Sri Lanka and
Thailand. A high-bridged nose has been a common beauty ideal in many Asian cultures dating back to the beauty ideals of ancient China
612:
are thin, U-shaped plates of cartilage on each side of the nose that form the lateral and medial walls of the vestibule, known as the medial and lateral crura. The medial crura are attached to the septal cartilage, forming fleshy parts at the front of the nostrils on each side of the septum, called
1061:
drain into regions of the nasal cavity. The sinuses are air-filled extensions of the nasal cavity into the cranial bones. The frontal sinuses are located in the frontal bone; the sphenoidal sinuses in the sphenoid bone; the maxillary sinuses in the maxilla; and the ethmoidal sinuses in the ethmoid
1619:
In the sixth week, the nasal pits deepen as they penetrate into the underlying mesenchyme. At this time, the medial nasal processes migrate towards each other and fuse forming the primordium of the bridge of the nose and the septum. The migration is helped by the increased growth of the maxillary
987:
and is the primary site of nasal resistance. The valves regulate the airflow and resistance. Air breathed in is forced to pass through the narrow internal nasal valve, and then expands as it moves into the nasal cavity. The sudden change in the speed and pressure of the airflow creates turbulence
1631:
At the end of the sixth week, the nasal pits have deepened further and they fuse to make a large ectodermal nasal sac. This sac will be above and to the back of the intermaxillary process. Leading into the seventh week, the nasal sac floor and posterior wall grow to form a thickened plate-like
1197:
Multiple arteries supply blood to the nose; the nasal septum, shown here is supplied by the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries at top; the sphenopalantine artery at the back, and the anterior ethoidal artery and the superior labial artery over the cartilage. These arteries join at
2090:
Badly positioned alar cartilages lack proper support, and can affect the function of the external nasal valve. This can cause breathing problems particularly during deep inhalation. The surgical procedure to correct breathing problems due to disorders in the nasal structures is called a
1636:
of the frontonasal process produce the midline septum. The septum grows down from the roof of the nasal cavity and fuses with the developing palates along the midline. The septum divides the nasal cavity into two nasal passages opening into the pharynx through the definitive choanae.
925:, or passage. Sometimes when the superior concha is narrow, a fourth supreme nasal concha is present situated above and sharing the space with the superior concha. The term concha refers to the actual bone; when covered by soft tissue and mucosa, and functioning, a concha is termed a
1275:
The sphenopalatine artery and the ethmoid arteries supply the outer walls of the nasal cavity. There is additional supply from a branch of the facial artery – the superior labial artery. The sphenopalantine artery is the artery primarily responsible for supplying the nasal mucosa.
1946:
Because of the special nature of the blood supply to the human nose and surrounding area, it is possible for retrograde infections from the nasal area to spread to the brain. For this reason, the area from the corners of the mouth to the bridge of the nose, including the nose and
386:. The bones and cartilages provide strong protection for the internal structures of the nose. There are several muscles that are involved in movements of the nose. The arrangement of the cartilages allows flexibility through muscle control to enable airflow to be modified.
1573:
704:
The depressor septi nasi may sometimes be absent or rudimentary. The depressor septi pulls the columella, the septum, and the tip of the nose downwards. At the start of inspiration, this muscle tenses the nasal septum and with the dilator naris widens the nostrils.
629:
the tip-defining points of the nose, separated by a notch. They then fold outwards, above and to the side of the nostrils forming the lateral crura. The major alar cartilages are freely moveable and can respond to muscles to either open or constrict the nostrils.
1069:
from each of the paranasal sinuses allows drainage into the nasal cavity. The maxillary sinus is the largest of the sinuses and drains into the middle meatus. Most of the ostia open into the middle meatus and the anterior ethmoid, that together are termed the
726:
the nose the skin is thin. The tip is covered in skin that is as thick as the top section, and has many large sebaceous glands. The thickness of the skin varies but is still separated from the underlying bones and cartilage by four layers – a superficial
7673:
708:
The levator labii superioris alaeque nasi divides into a medial and a lateral slip. The medial slip blends into the perichondrium of the major alar cartilage and its overlying skin. The lateral slip blends at the side of the upper lip with the
637:
that resists internal collapse from airflow pressure generated by normal breathing. This structure is formed by the junction between the lateral and major cartilages. Their edges interlock by one scrolling upwards and one scrolling inwards.
717:. The lateral slip raises the upper lip and deepens and increases the curve above the nasolabial furrow. The medial slip pulls the lateral crus upwards and modifies the curve of the furrow around the alae, and dilates the nostrils.
1385:
In the nasal cavity, the nasal mucosa is divided in terms of nerve supply into a back lower part (posteroinferior), and a frontal upper part (anterosuperior). The posterior part is supplied by a branch of the maxillary nerve – the
749:
are found where there is no support from cartilage; these include an area around the sides of the septum – the paraseptal area – an area around the lateral cartilages, an area at the top of the nostril, and an area in the alae.
1742:. The internal structures and cavities, including the conchae and paranasal sinuses form an integrated system for the conditioning of the air breathed in through the nose. This functioning also includes the major role of the
1078:
in the ostia. The cilia in the sinuses beat towards the openings into the nasal cavity. The increased numbers of cilia and the narrowness of the sinus openings allow for an increased time for moisturising, and warming.
1767:
Variations in shape of the nose have been hypothesised to possibly be adaptive to regional differences in temperature and humidity, though they may also have been driven by other factors such as sexual selection.
2277:. Therefore, Todd C. Rae concludes that the design of the large and wide Neanderthal nose was evolved for the hotter climate of the Middle East and Africa and remained unchanged when they entered Europe.
1920:
help to flare the nostrils and keep the airway open. Nasal flaring, is usually seen in children when breathing is difficult. Most conditions of nasal congestion also cause a loss of the sense of smell (
1624:, and this is continuous with the rostral part of the nasal septum. The tips of the maxillary processes also grow and fuse with the intermaxillary process. The intermaxillary process gives rise to the
675:(SMAS). The SMAS is continuous from the nasofrontal process to the nasal tip. It divides at level of the nasal valve into superficial and deep layers, each layer having medial and lateral components.
5451:
Komotar, RJ; Starke, RM; Raper, DM; Anand, VK; Schwartz, TH (February 2012). "Endoscopic endonasal compared with microscopic transsphenoidal and open transcranial resection of craniopharyngiomas".
1117:
as a method of classifying ethnic groups. The index is based on the ratio of the breadth of the nose to its height. The nasal dimensions are also used to classify nasal morphology into five types:
1172:
commonly presents a small nose with a flattened nasal bridge. This can be due to the absence of one or both nasal bones, shortened nasal bones, or nasal bones that have not fused in the midline.
1137:
having an index of more than 100. Variations in nose size between ethnicities may be attributed to differing evolutionary adaptations to local temperatures and humidity. Other factors such as
5759:
Visitors to Kyoto used to be shown the
Minizuka or Ear Tomb, which contained, it was said, the noses of those 38,000, sliced off, suitably pickled, and sent to Kyoto as evidence of victory.
3775:
Coordes, A; Loose, SM; Hofmann, VM; Hamilton GS, 3rd; Riedel, F; Menger, DJ; Albers, AE (February 2018). "Saddle nose deformity and septal perforation in granulomatosis with polyangiitis".
859:
and the nasal cavity proper. The nasal vestibule is the frontmost part of the nasal cavity, enclosed by cartilages. The vestibule is lined with skin, hair follicles, and a large number of
2183:
countries such as China, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Thailand and
Bangladesh, rhinoplasties are commonly carried out to create a more developed nose bridge or a "high nose". Similarly, "
991:
The borders of each nasal cavity are a roof, floor, medial wall (the septum), and lateral wall. The middle part of the roof of the nasal cavity is composed of the horizontal, perforated
5533:
1560:. Sympathetic postganglionic fibers are distributed to the blood vessels of the nose. Postganglionic parasympathetic fibres derived from the pterygopalatine ganglion provide the
798:) is the lower lateral surface of the external nose, shaped by the alar cartilage and covered in dense connective tissue. The alae flare out to form a rounded eminence around the
1620:
prominences medially, which compresses the medial nasal processes towards the midline. Their merging takes place at the surface, and also at a deeper level. The merge forms the
882:
The nasal cavity is divided into two cavities by the nasal septum, and each is accessed by an external nostril. The division into two cavities enables the functioning of the
3194:
1690:
The sphenoid sinuses are extensions of the ethmoid sinuses into the sphenoid bones. They begin to develop around two years of age, and continue to enlarge during childhood.
1245:
supply the roof, upper bony septum, and ethmoidal and frontal sinuses. The anterior ethmoidal artery also helps to supply the lower septal cartilage. Another branch is the
2292:" is an "adaptation to a cold and dry environment", since it contributes to warming and moisturizing the air and the "recovery of heat and moisture from expired air".
1764:
is a reflex brought on by different stimuli such as bright lights. The nose is also able to provide sense information as to the temperature of the air being breathed.
2236:", is also mildly taboo and can result in the spreading of infections as well. Habitual as well as fast or rough nose wiping may also result in a crease (known as a
2024:. In rare cases a polyp can form inside a bullosa. Usually a concha bullosa is small and without symptoms but when large can cause obstruction to sinus drainage.
1322:. This plexus is made up of large thin-walled veins with little soft tissue such as muscle or fiber. The mucosa of the plexus is thin with very few structures.
5548:
975:, and posteriorly by the nasal sill. The internal nasal valve is bounded laterally by the caudal border of the upper lateral cartilage, medially by the dorsal
174:
605:. The rhinion is the midline junction where the nasal bone meets the septal cartilage. From the rhinion to the apex, or tip, the framework is of cartilage.
1338:
drains from the anterior half of the nasal cavity, including both the medial and lateral walls, to join that of the external nasal skin to drain into the
1675:
is critical because the newborn infant breathes through the nose for the first six weeks, and any nasal blockage will need emergency treatment to clear.
5574:
6860:
1265:
5823:
3953:
Persico, N; et al. (March 2012). "Nasal bone assessment in fetuses with trisomy 21 at 16-24 weeks of gestation by three-dimensional ultrasound".
1416:, (a branch of the nasociliary nerve). The external branch of the anterior ethmoidal nerve also supplies areas of skin between the root and the alae.
555:
cartilages. The major and minor cartilages are also known as the greater and lesser alar cartilages. There is a narrow strip of cartilage called the
6410:
1912:. Chronic nasal obstruction resulting in breathing through the mouth can greatly impair or prevent the nostrils from flaring. One of the causes of
4911:
Trimarchi, M; Bussi, M; Sinico, RA; Meroni, P; Specks, U (February 2013). "Cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions - an autoimmune disease?".
4528:
Zaidi, Arslan A., Brooke C. Mattern, Peter Claes, Brian McEcoy, Cris Hughes, and Mark D. Shriver. "Investigating the case of human nose shape and
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in the midline, posteriorly. It then passes along the floor of the nasal cavity. The septum is quadrangular–the upper half is attached to the two
3818:
1812:
or Bowman's glands, which help in olfaction. The nasal conchae also help in olfaction function, by directing air-flow to the olfactory region.
429:
The topmost bony part of the nose is formed by the nasal part of the frontal bone, which lies between the brow ridges, and ends in a serrated
4766:
3195:"[The nasal valve area: structure, function, clinical aspects and treatment. Sulsenti's technic for correction of valve deformities]"
1428:
150:
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said primate and arctic animal studies have shown sinus size reduction in areas of extreme cold rather than enlargement in accordance with
663:
625:. The lobule contains the tip of the nose and its base contains the nostrils. At the peaks of the folds of the medial crura, they form the
2605:
5665:
578:, which are fused to the dorsal septum in the midline. The septum is laterally attached, with loose ligaments, to the bony margin of the
5634:
5951:
5934:
4307:
Van
Cauwenberge, P; Sys, L; De Belder, T; Watelet, JB (February 2004). "Anatomy and physiology of the nose and the paranasal sinuses".
2963:
5171:
Crowe, TP; Greenlee, MHW; Kanthasamy, AG; Hsu, WH (15 February 2018). "Mechanism of intranasal drug delivery directly to the brain".
2214:
monument enshrines the mutilated noses of at least 38,000 Koreans killed during the
Japanese invasions of Korea from 1592 to 1598.
5714:
4458:
García-Moreno, J. M. (January 2006). "Photic sneeze reflex or autosomal dominant compelling helio-ophthalmic outburst syndrome".
1986:
735:
672:
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Feron, VJ; Arts, JH; Kuper, CF; Slootweg, PJ; Woutersen, RA (May 2001). "Health risks associated with inhaled nasal toxicants".
3428:"Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review with Emphasis on Emerging Histologic Subtypes and the Role of Human Papillomavirus"
1114:
6853:
6076:
5588:
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Hu, KS; Kwak, J; Koh, KS; Abe, S; Fontaine, C; Kim, HJ (July 2007). "Topographic distribution area of the infraorbital nerve".
3918:
Sonek, JD; Cicero, S; Neiger, R; Nicolaides, KH (November 2006). "Nasal bone assessment in prenatal screening for trisomy 21".
1479:
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5879:
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5308:
Silva, EN (February 2019). "The
Relation Between the Lower Lateral Cartilages and the Function of the External Nasal Valve".
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1597:. By the end of the fourth week, the first pair of pharyngeal arches form five facial prominences or processes - an unpaired
1495:
1487:
1280:
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that slows down the conditioning process of the inhaled air. At the back of the nasal cavity there are two openings, called
307:. The hollow cavities of the paranasal sinuses act as sound chambers that modify and amplify speech and other vocal sounds.
6403:
2681:
507:
The two maxilla bones join at the base of the nose at the lower nasal midline between the nostrils, and at the top of the
6350:
3877:
2144:
Some non-nasal surgeries can also be carried out through the use of an endoscope that is entered through the nose. These
2141:. These procedures aim to restore sinus ventilation, mucociliary clearance, and maintain the health of the sinus mucosa.
2099:
when it is commonly called a "nose job". For surgical procedures of rhinoplasty, the nose is mapped out into a number of
1475:
1099:
The shape of the nose varies widely due to differences in the nasal bone shapes and formation of the bridge of the nose.
473:
5684:
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or groove) running across the nose, and can lead to permanent physical deformity observable in childhood and adulthood.
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5784:
3177:
2947:
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make up the bony-cartilaginous framework of the nose, and the internal structure. The nose is also made up of types of
682:
produces wrinkling over the bridge of the nose, and is active in concentration and frowning. It is a prime target for
6846:
4694:
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4641:
4609:
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3477:"The sinonasal tract: another potential "hot spot" for carcinomas with transcriptionally-active human papillomavirus"
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separates the vestibule from the rest of the nasal cavity and marks the change from the skin of the vestibule to the
485:
2640:
5776:
4711:
1990:
1261:
844:
3564:"Comparison of Nasal Index Between Northwestern Nigeria and Northern Iranian Populations: An Anthropometric Study"
1829:
is produced with pressure from the lungs. This can be modified using airflow through the nose in a process called
6396:
4599:
4543:
3835:
Schreiber, BE; Twigg, S; Marais, J; Keat, AC (April 2014). "Saddle-nose deformities in the rheumatology clinic".
3666:"Anthropometric_evaluation_of_nasal_height_nasal_breadth_and_nasal_index_among_Bini_children_In_Southern_Nigeria"
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17:
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55:
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Rodrigo Tapia, JP; Alvarez
Alvarez, I; Casas Rubio, C; Blanco Mercadé, A; Díaz Villarig, JL (August 1999). "".
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by allowing air to escape from both the nose and the mouth. Nasal airflow is also used to produce a variety of
1299:
that drains the side of the nose, receiving lateral nasal veins from the alae. The angular vein joins with the
2864:"An anatomical study of the nasal superficial musculoaponeurotic system: surgical applications in rhinoplasty"
952:. This region is about 5 square cm, covering the superior concha, the cribriform plate, and the nasal septum.
7354:
7332:
5566:
3037:
Wolfram-Gabel, R; Sick, H (February 2002). "Microvascularization of the mucocutaneous junction of the nose".
2079:
331:
169:
3613:"A systematic review of the nasal index and the significance of the shape and size of the nose in rhinology"
249:, shell-like bones in the walls of the cavities, play a major part in this process. Filtering of the air by
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6036:
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2145:
2134:
1557:
3737:
Roe, J. O. (1 February 1989). "The
Deformity Termed 'Pug Nose' and Its Correction by a Simple Operation".
1973:
Infections or other conditions that may result in destruction of, or damage to a part of the nose include
1932:. A blocked sinus ostium, an opening from a paranasal sinus, will cause fluid to accumulate in the sinus.
1723:. Its main respiratory function is the supply and conditioning, by warming, moisturising and filtering of
5486:
Ye, T; Zhou, B (February 2015). "Update on surgical management of adult inferior turbinate hypertrophy".
1952:
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1347:
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in each cavity provide four grooves as air passages, along which the air is circulated and moved to the
472:, is made up of bone inside and cartilage closer to the tip of the nose. The bony part is formed by the
323:
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2032:
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1242:
442:
5214:
Menick, F (November 2014). "Primary intranasal lining injury cause, deformities, and treatment plan".
1668:(faulty or incomplete development) or extremely rarely polyrrhinia the formation of a duplicate nose.
1314:
In the posterior region of the cavity, specifically in the posterior part of the inferior meatus is a
786:
is the border between the root and the tip of the nose, which in profile can be variously shaped. The
406:
Roof of the mouth showing position of palatine bones making up the floor of the nose, and forming the
7698:
7542:
4529:
3527:
Wagenmann, M; Naclerio, RM (September 1992). "Anatomic and physiologic considerations in sinusitis".
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1711:
Air enters the upper respiratory tract through the nose. The nasal conchae can be seen in this image.
1589:
In the early development of the embryo, neural crest cells migrate to form the mesenchymal tissue as
1521:
1406:
1343:
1339:
1238:
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is innervated by the buccal branch, and sometimes by the zygomatic branch, of the facial nerve. The
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2343:
2334:
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1537:
1439:
1402:
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515:. This thin projection of bone holds the cartilaginous center of the nose. It is also an important
318:
available to correct various structural defects or to change the shape of the nose. Defects may be
4762:
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Oshima J, Martin GM, Hisama FM (2002-12-02) . Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, et al. (eds.).
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of the frontonasal process becomes thickened at its sides and also increases in size, forming the
437:
join with the nasal part of the frontal bone at either side; and these at the side with the small
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6355:
6116:
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Dhulqarnain, AO; Mokhtari, T; Rastegar, T; Mohammed, I; Ijaz, S; Hassanzadeh, G (December 2020).
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Schünke, Michael; Ross, Lawrence M.; Schulte, Erik; Lamperti, Edward D.; Schumacher, Udo (2007).
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1045:, and its anatomy is recognised as being unique and complex. Four paired paranasal sinuses – the
972:
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262:
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Tüzün, Y; Wolf, R; Kutlubay, Z; Karakuş, O; Engin, B (October 2014). "Rosacea and rhinophyma".
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181:
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650:. They are involved in respiration and facial expression. The muscles of the nose include the
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5743:. Stanford studies in the civilizations of eastern Asia. Stanford University Press. pp.
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2002:
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supply to the nasal mucous glands, and are distributed via branches of the maxillary nerves.
1257:
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918:
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582:, while the inferior ends of the lateral cartilages are free (unattached). The three or four
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31:
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Fischer, H; Gubisch, W (November 2006). "Nasal valves--importance and surgical procedures".
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and lower zygomatic branches; a supply from the buccal branch has also been described. The
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285:
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Sahin-Yilmaz, A; Naclerio, RM (March 2011). "Anatomy and physiology of the upper airway".
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chambers that modify, and amplify speech and other vocal vibrations passing through them.
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a branch of the ophthalmic artery, and the infraorbital branch of the maxillary arteries.
8:
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1966:
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1283:. The skin of the outer parts of the alae and the dorsum of the nose are supplied by the
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818:
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to expel unwanted particles from the nose that irritate the mucosal lining. Sneezing can
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7453:
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5794:
5706:
5511:
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5285:
5258:
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Jones, N (23 September 2001). "The nose and paranasal sinuses physiology and anatomy".
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can transmit infections carried in the expelled droplets. This route is called either
1520:. Olfactory nerves are bundles of very small unmyelinated axons that are derived from
1454:
are supplied by anterior and posterior ethmoid branches of the nasociliary nerve. The
590:
membrane, that connects the lateral cartilages to the frontal process of the maxilla.
461:. Below and behind the cribriform plate, sloping down at an angle, is the face of the
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4359:
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4254:
Congenital
Anomalies of the Nose: Their Embryology, Diagnosis, and Management (SIPAC)
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of the roof of the mouth. The two horizontal plates join at the midline and form the
242:
7674:
Knowledge articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
5596:
5515:
5337:
5200:
4975:
4444:
4122:
3982:
3804:
3066:
2133:
Several nasal procedures of the nose and paranasal sinuses can be carried out using
839:
245:
carries out the necessary conditioning of inhaled air by warming and moistening it.
7619:
7126:
7109:
6990:
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6291:
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5364:
5317:
5280:
5270:
5243:
5223:
5180:
5145:
5081:
5071:
5030:
5020:
5009:"A patient presenting with concha bullosa in another concha bullosa: a case report"
4955:
4920:
4885:
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4424:
4389:
4351:
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215:
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70:
37:
This article is about noses in humans. For the article about noses in general, see
5651:
Sexual Life in Ancient India: A Study in the Comparative History of Indian Culture
4859:"Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer Treatment (Adult) (PDQ®)–Patient Version"
4737:
1362:
The nerve supply to the nose and paranasal sinuses comes from two branches of the
1107:, and the nasal index is a recognised anthropometric index used in nasal surgery.
445:. The internal roof of the nasal cavity is composed of the horizontal, perforated
7627:
7575:
7527:
7448:
7045:
6873:
6559:
6313:
6158:
5911:
5499:
5227:
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3704:
3005:
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2233:
2168:
2096:
1842:
1838:
1809:
1657:
1594:
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1375:
1159:
1058:
1004:
860:
679:
651:
497:
458:
411:
379:
363:
311:
300:
289:
5402:"Minimally invasive (endoscopic-computer assisted) surgery:Technique and review"
2626:
2204:
2126:
can result from trauma. Minor fractures may heal on their own. Surgery known as
1397:
The frontal upper part is supplied from a branch of the ophthalmic nerve – the
322:, or result from nasal disorders or from trauma. These procedures are a type of
7504:
7394:
7238:
7216:
7189:
7035:
6890:
6816:
6726:
6674:
6531:
6365:
5464:
4840:
3931:
3579:
2243:
2224:
habit. Medical risks include the spread of infections, nosebleeds and, rarely,
2184:
2123:
2021:
2014:
1936:
1613:
1590:
1471:
1455:
1185:
1050:
968:
690:
655:
647:
617:. The medial crura meet at the midline below the end of the septum to form the
64:
5549:"DIY Plastic Surgery: Can You Change Your Face Without Going Under the Knife?"
5321:
5275:
5184:
4355:
4106:
4038:
3863:
3492:
3443:
3353:
3296:
3249:
3050:
2880:
2863:
7683:
7667:
7647:
7487:
7342:
7312:
7300:
7287:
7271:
7025:
6960:
6751:
6741:
6328:
6323:
6232:
5978:
5680:
5418:
5007:
Cukurova, I; Yaz, A; Gumussoy, M; Yigitbasi, OG; Karaman, Y (26 March 2012).
4428:
4267:
3361:
3304:
3257:
3210:
2708:
2176:
2051:. This, in turn, can lead to more widespread collapse of the nasal skeleton.
2020:
A common anatomic variant is an air-filled cavity within a concha known as a
1958:
1924:). This may also occur in other conditions, for example following trauma, in
1882:
1753:
1735:
1731:
in the nostrils traps large particles preventing their entry into the lungs.
1498:
is innervated by zygomatic and superior buccal branches of the facial nerve.
1451:
1443:
1315:
1215:
1169:
1110:
1100:
1092:
1054:
1046:
481:
462:
438:
6054:
3337:
3233:
2207:. However it is now generally confined to certain traditional celebrations.
1342:. The rest of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses all drain to the upper
162:
7632:
6955:
6903:
6838:
6736:
6283:
6268:
6210:
6184:
6143:
5919:
5507:
5472:
5437:
5386:
5329:
5294:
5235:
5192:
5157:
5122:
5095:
5076:
5044:
5025:
4967:
4959:
4932:
4897:
4826:
4471:
4436:
4401:
4363:
4328:
4114:
4046:
3974:
3939:
3873:
3848:
3796:
3723:
3638:
3597:
3510:
3461:
3404:
3369:
3322:
3279:
Murthy, V. Ashok; Reddy, R. Raghavendra; Pragadeeswaran, K. (August 2013).
3265:
3058:
3023:
2889:
2289:
2217:
2156:
2043:. The septal cartilage can be destroyed through the repeated inhalation of
1877:. A smaller proportion of nosebleeds that tend to be nontraumatic occur in
1830:
1805:
1743:
1665:
1661:
1653:
1561:
1467:
1308:
1304:
1296:
996:
984:
976:
945:
930:
922:
906:
852:
834:
825:
is predominantly seen in wider left-sided nasal and other facial features.
807:
775:
763:
571:
469:
450:
423:
394:
383:
375:
319:
304:
246:
238:
227:
219:
6048:
5960:
5952:
10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199705)103:1<103::AID-AJPA7>3.0.CO;2-X
5935:"Fueguian cranial morphology: The adaptation to a cold, harsh environment"
5864:
Neanderthals and modern humans: an ecological and evolutionary perspective
4515:
4068:
Moore, Keith L.; Agur, A. M. R.; Dalley (Ii), Arthur F. (September 2017).
3758:
3548:
3396:
3218:
2990:"Laterality and Left-sidedness in the Nose, Face, and Body: A New Finding"
1272:
and its branches – the superior anterior and posterior alveolar arteries.
7560:
7409:
7389:
7204:
7199:
7139:
6821:
6746:
6647:
6509:
6494:
6388:
6338:
6099:
4025:
Chiu, TW; Shaw-Dunn, J; McGarry, GW (October 2008). "Woodruff's plexus".
2266:
2192:
2179:, such as in the nostril, septum, or bridge, are also common. In certain
2172:
2112:
2100:
2092:
2074:
2036:
1978:
1962:
1917:
1870:
1846:
1834:
1739:
1724:
1412:
Most of the external nose – the dorsum, and the apex are supplied by the
1334:
run with the veins, and deep lymphatic vessels travel with the arteries.
1149:
895:
746:
489:
430:
351:
315:
296:
105:
69:
Cross-section of the interior of a nose showing parts involved in smell (
5259:"Recognition of aerosol transmission of infectious agents: a commentary"
1869:, a vascular plexus in the lower front part of the septum involving the
1021:
806:
is evident in the larger nose of the male. This is due to the increased
593:
The nasal bones in the upper part of the nose are joined by the midline
187:
7468:
7307:
7256:
7161:
6869:
6791:
6664:
6615:
6441:
6433:
6427:
6237:
5058:
Erkan, AN; Canbolat, T; Ozer, C; Yilmaz, I; Ozluoglu, LN (8 May 2006).
2310:
2309:, a nose crippled by excessive resection of the inferior and/or middle
2247:
2083:
2010:
1974:
1728:
1193:
1133:
is a short, broad nose with an index of 85–99·9. The fifth type is the
1087:
811:
739:
594:
570:, extends from the nasal bones in the midline, to the bony part of the
434:
359:
355:
250:
211:
5368:
3788:
921:. Below each concha is a corresponding superior, middle, and inferior
7431:
7226:
7007:
6763:
6642:
6479:
5060:"Polyp in concha bullosa: a case report and review of the literature"
4290:
2988:
Hafezi, F; Javdani, A; Naghibzadeh, B; Ashtiani, AK (December 2017).
2325:
2232:. The wiping of the nose with the hand, commonly referred to as the "
2138:
1940:
1897:
1862:
1850:
1797:
1781:
1645:
1513:
822:
347:
281:
234:
6965:
4876:
Woods, CR (June 2009). "Congenital syphilis-persisting pestilence".
4415:
Songu, M; Cingi, C (June 2009). "Sneeze reflex: facts and fiction".
3966:
2964:"Effects of sexual dimorphism on facial attractiveness Testosterone"
2148:
are used to remove tumours from the front of the base of the skull.
1707:
1037:. The nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses are referred to as the
758:
The nasal root is the top of the nose that attaches the nose to the
7607:
7570:
7565:
7492:
7364:
6945:
6930:
6908:
6771:
6691:
6526:
6459:
3688:"Investigating the case of human nose shape and climate adaptation"
3561:
2316:
2211:
2200:
2006:
1994:
1901:
1633:
1625:
1609:
1483:
1163:
1000:
905:
On the outer wall of each cavity are three shell-like bones called
855:
is the large internal space of the nose, and is in two parts – the
767:
759:
508:
454:
274:
254:
4306:
2861:
2577:"Anterior nasal spine fracture | Radiology Case | Radiopaedia.org"
1861:
One of the most common medical conditions involving the nose is a
253:
in the nostrils prevents large particles from entering the lungs.
7637:
7555:
7532:
7436:
7426:
7421:
7359:
7295:
7000:
6950:
6925:
6706:
6652:
6598:
6588:
6474:
6372:
6342:
6163:
6043:
3998:"Woodruff plexus | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org"
2285:
2130:
may be carried out on more severe breaks that cause dislocation.
2062:
2048:
1998:
1948:
1921:
1913:
1776:
1249:
a terminal branch that supplies the skin of the alae and dorsum.
1153:
799:
419:
266:
223:
5357:
GMS Current Topics in Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery
4994:
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
2987:
2938:(5th. Harper international ed.). Harper & Row. p.
2642:
Clinical Anatomy of the Nose, Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses
2551:
Gray's Anatomy E-Book: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice
2339:
402:
7592:
7587:
7522:
7517:
7463:
7399:
7347:
7266:
7156:
7144:
7099:
7058:
7053:
6995:
6920:
6721:
6696:
6637:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6564:
6504:
6484:
6168:
6031:
5530:"Miss Universe Malaysia pageant contestants 'look too western'"
3079:
2525:
Gray's anatomy : the anatomical basis of clinical practice
2054:
1874:
1826:
1821:
1749:
1694:
from invagination. They never coalesce so drain independently.
1641:
1227:
1166:, causes a "bird-like" appearance due to pinching of the nose.
1075:
937:
where they drain into the inferior meatus in the nasal cavity.
887:
771:
367:
258:
84:
5898:
Rae, T.C. (2011). "The Neanderthal face is not cold adapted".
4634:
Anatomy & physiology : the unity of form and function
4139:(32nd ed.). Saunders/Elsevier. 2 May 2011. p. 1254.
3774:
3170:
Anatomy & physiology : the unity of form and function
2862:
Saban, Y; Andretto Amodeo, C; Hammou, JC; Polselli, R (2009).
1939:. The nose is one of the exposed areas that is susceptible to
1580:
at about four weeks. The olfactory pit can be seen at the top.
871:
of the rest of the nasal cavity. This area is also known as a
7602:
7597:
7482:
7209:
7116:
7017:
6975:
6914:
6801:
6781:
6731:
6711:
6701:
6657:
6603:
6593:
6579:
6536:
6464:
5488:
Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery
2221:
2196:
1849:. The large, hollow cavities of the paranasal sinuses act as
1536:
The nasal mucosa in the nasal cavity is also supplied by the
1335:
940:
Most of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is lined with
560:
501:
477:
371:
129:
112:
5257:
Tellier, R; Li, Y; Cowling, BJ; Tang, JW (31 January 2019).
5006:
3285:
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery
2904:"Nasion definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary"
2280:
Miquel Hernández of the Department of Animal Biology at the
1303:. Some small veins from the dorsum of the nose drain to the
1206:
The blood supply to the nose is provided by branches of the
1121:
is a very long, narrow nose with a nasal index of 40 to 55.
7369:
7104:
6980:
6898:
6806:
6796:
6786:
6716:
6569:
6551:
6469:
6454:
6449:
3917:
2709:"Columella | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org"
2180:
1886:
1833:. This involves the lowering of the soft palate to produce
1649:
1419:
The alae of the nose are supplied by nasal branches of CN V
1033:
that lines the nasal cavity extends into its chambers, the
343:
100:
38:
5400:
Kumar, A; Yadav, N; Singh, N; Chauhan, N (December 2016).
5170:
4910:
3086:, Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers, pp. 12–,
2679:
1390:, which reaches the septum. Lateral nasal branches of the
983:. The internal nasal valve is the narrowest region of the
527:
7404:
7221:
6985:
6811:
6776:
6683:
6521:
6516:
6499:
3278:
2269:
noses were an adaptation to the cold, Todd C. Rae of the
1916:
is nasal obstruction, and anti-snoring devices such as a
1572:
693:
consists of two main parts: a transverse part called the
4804:
3834:
3109:
The Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses: Surgical Anatomy
2009:
and other toxins. The nose may be stimulated to grow in
1760:
to expel unwanted particles through the mouth and nose.
1466:
The muscles of the nose are supplied by branches of the
1141:
may also account for ethnic differences in nose shape.
5932:
5450:
5057:
3336:
Fraioli, Rebecca E.; Pearlman, Steven J. (2013-09-01).
1678:
948:. In the roof of each cavity is an area of specialised
5399:
4945:
4379:
4181:. Lippincott William & Wilkins. pp. 280–284.
2732:
Ballenger's Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery
1125:
describes a long, narrow nose with an index of 55–70.
967:. The external nasal valve is bounded medially by the
686:
in the forehead to remove the lines between the eyes.
468:
The wall separating the two cavities of the nose, the
4755:
4689:(Eighth ed.). Wolters Kluwer. pp. 864–869.
2804:(Eighth ed.). Wolters Kluwer. pp. 963–973.
1350:. The back of the nasal floor probably drains to the
295:
The nose is also involved in the function of speech.
5256:
4571:"The Phonetics of Nasal Phonology:Theorems and Data"
4341:
4268:"Polyrrhinia (Concept Id: C4274730) - MedGen - NCBI"
4256:. Alexandria VA: American Academy of Otolaryngology.
4067:
4024:
3080:
Thomas Hummel; Antje Welge-Lüssen (1 January 2006),
2527:(Forty-first ed.). Elsevier. pp. 556–565.
1889:
lying in the posterior part of the inferior meatus.
1230:
in and under the nasal mucosa. In the septal region
1144:
Some deformities of the nose are named, such as the
586:
are adjacent to the lateral cartilages, held in the
5933:Hernández, M.; Fox, C. L.; Garcia-Moro, C. (1997).
2929:
1900:, or other inflammation of the nasal lining called
1279:The skin of the alae is supplied by the septal and
5736:
5647:
4382:Otolaryngologia Polska = the Polish Otolaryngology
4302:
4300:
4298:
3861:
3739:Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery
2931:
2427:Textbook of anatomy head, neck and brain. Volume 3
1652:. Problems at this stage of development can cause
418:The bony structure of the nose is provided by the
314:procedures that can be done on the nose, known as
288:, in the upper nasal cavity, contains specialised
4738:"Nasal flaring: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"
4685:Moore, Keith; Dalley, Arthur; Agur, Anne (2018).
3526:
3036:
2800:Moore, Keith; Dalley, Arthur; Agur, Anne (2018).
2729:Ballenger, John Jacob; Snow, James Byron (2003).
2518:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2466:
7665:
5707:"Greetings! Hongi Style! – polynesia.com | blog"
5623:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 88.
5616:
2541:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2346:word for nose and the name of some hills in the
1442:from the maxillary and infraorbital nerves. The
4684:
4309:Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America
4295:
3335:
3238:Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America
3172:(6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. pp. 593–595.
2994:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open
2799:
2429:(Second ed.). Elsevier. pp. 251–263.
2383:(3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill. pp. 633–636.
1896:, usually a symptom of infection, particularly
1458:is supplied by the posterior ethmoidal nerves.
979:, and inferiorly by the anterior border of the
929:. Excessive moisture as tears collected in the
480:below. The floor of the nose is made up of the
5350:
4494:The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
4375:
4373:
3529:The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
3382:
2683:Thieme Atlas of Anatomy: Head and Neuroanatomy
1804:in the upper nasal cavity, contains a type of
646:The muscles of the nose are a subgroup of the
633:There is a reinforcing structure known as the
210:. The shape of the nose is determined by the
6854:
6404:
6084:
6070:
4457:
4451:
4129:
3920:American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
3686:Zaidi, Arslan; et al. (March 16, 2017).
3192:
3030:
2956:
2728:
2443:
1780:The cells lining the nose involved in smell (
1429:internal nasal branches of infraorbital nerve
1330:From different areas of the nose superficial
1252:Branches of the maxillary artery include the
6868:
5813:
5683:. Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand.
4532:." PLoS genetics 13, no. 3 (2017): e1006616.
4344:Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society
4335:
4092:
3830:
3828:
3522:
3520:
2724:
2722:
2095:, and this is also the procedure used for a
1792:. It contains an area of specialised cells,
1175:
814:and the bridge of the nose making it wider.
4625:
4483:
4481:
4417:Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease
4380:Betlejewski, S; Betlejewski, A (2008). "".
4370:
4251:
4231:. Churchill Livingstone. pp. 365–371.
3817:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3610:
3555:
3342:JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery
3281:"Internal Nasal Valve and Its Significance"
2925:
2923:
1640:At ten weeks, the cells differentiate into
1281:lateral nasal branches of the facial artery
6861:
6847:
6418:
6411:
6397:
6077:
6063:
4703:
4636:(6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. p. 856.
4414:
4222:
4220:
4218:
3770:
3768:
3147:(3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill. p. 480.
3138:
3136:
2228:. When it becomes compulsive it is termed
2175:) to change the appearance of their nose.
2151:Swollen conchae can cause obstruction and
1935:In children, the nose is a common site of
1788:The nose also plays the major part in the
1608:increase in size and at the same time the
1584:
1431:that supply the septum and the vestibule.
5950:
5939:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
5861:
5837:
5546:
5427:
5417:
5376:
5284:
5274:
5085:
5075:
5034:
5024:
4904:
4597:
4541:
4535:
4505:
4490:"Nasal anatomy, physiology, and function"
4216:
4214:
4212:
4210:
4208:
4206:
4204:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4172:
4170:
4168:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4160:
4158:
4156:
3868:. Seattle, WA: University of Washington.
3825:
3713:
3703:
3628:
3587:
3568:Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery
3517:
3500:
3451:
3312:
3112:. Springer Science & Business Media.
3013:
2879:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2719:
2547:
2522:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2362:
1129:is a medium nose with an index of 70–85.
206:. It is also the principal organ in the
5000:
4878:The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
4598:Laver, John; John, Laver (12 May 1994).
4487:
4478:
4137:Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary
3660:
3658:
3656:
3425:
3231:
2920:
2857:
2855:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2420:
2078:
1957:
1856:
1775:
1706:
1571:
1478:. It may also be supplied by one of the
1237:Branches of the ophthalmic artery – the
1192:
1184:
1103:studies have importantly contributed to
1086:
1020:
838:
821:of the nose have been noted in studies.
526:
401:
393:
5893:
5891:
5764:
5444:
5351:Kühnel, T. S.; Reichert, T. E. (2015).
5250:
4730:
4656:
4650:
4631:
4061:
4020:
4018:
3989:
3952:
3946:
3765:
3376:
3338:"A Patient With Nasal Valve Compromise"
3167:
3142:
3133:
3106:Navarro, Joao A. C. (6 December 2012).
3105:
3099:
2896:
2824:
2818:
2673:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2378:
1987:paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer
673:superficial muscular aponeurotic system
486:horizontal plates of the palatine bones
474:perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
382:, and in the mucous membrane there are
14:
7666:
6002:
5977:This article incorporates text in the
5734:
5485:
5213:
4680:
4678:
4661:(13th. ed.). Wiley. p. 875.
4659:Principles of anatomy & physiology
4226:
4195:
4176:
4153:
4027:The Journal of Laryngology and Otology
3161:
3073:
2981:
2825:Gubisch, Wolfgang (10 November 2017).
2359:
2162:
2068:
1865:(epistaxis). Most nosebleeds occur in
1074:. Adults have a high concentration of
770:, forming an indentation known as the
398:Bones of the nose and septal cartilage
280:Another major function of the nose is
233:The nose has an important function in
6842:
6392:
6058:
6006:Breath: The New Science of a Lost Art
5687:from the original on 8 September 2017
5678:
5393:
5307:
5301:
5164:
5135:
5129:
5102:
5051:
4982:
4939:
4875:
4869:
4798:
4591:
4562:
4408:
3911:
3685:
3653:
3604:
3474:
3468:
3419:
2852:
2756:
2424:
2155:, and may be treated surgically by a
2115:is the specific surgery to correct a
2013:, a condition caused by an excess of
1496:levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
1488:temporal branches of the facial nerve
1325:
664:levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
330:to change a nose shape are a type of
5888:
5773:Nonprescription Product Therapeutics
5770:
5654:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 433.
4780:
4072:. Wolters Kluwer. pp. 865–867.
4015:
3855:
3751:10.1001/archotol.1989.01860260030010
2934:Principles of anatomy and physiology
2930:Tortora, G; Anagnostakos, N (1987).
2700:
2638:
2568:
2397:
1679:Development of the paranasal sinuses
1010:
774:at the frontonasal suture where the
6351:Pharyngeal opening of auditory tube
5897:
5111:Acta Otorrinolaringologica Espanola
4851:
4833:
4675:
3995:
3736:
3730:
2632:
1715:The nose is the first organ of the
1531:
24:
5996:
5547:Strochlic, Nina (6 January 2014).
5479:
4819:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.05.024
4086:
3611:Leong, SC; Eccles, R (June 2009).
3199:Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica
2868:Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery
2602:"Glossary: nasal spine (anterior)"
2548:Standring, Susan (7 August 2015).
2284:said the "high and narrow nose of
2271:American Museum of Natural History
284:, the sense of smell. The area of
25:
7720:
6024:
5777:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
4788:"Frostbite - Symptoms and causes"
4568:
2574:
1771:
1346:, either directly or through the
1268:; the pharyngeal branch; and the
426:, and a number of smaller bones.
6042:
6030:
6009:. Riverhead Books. p. 304.
5971:
5926:
5855:
5816:"White Line on Nose in Children"
5668:from the original on 2018-05-02.
5637:from the original on 2018-05-02.
5577:from the original on 2017-12-06.
5567:"Connecting People Through News"
5536:from the original on 2016-09-22.
3630:10.1111/j.1749-4486.2009.01905.x
3193:Sulsenti, G.; Palma, P. (1989).
2706:
1991:granulomatosis with polyangiitis
1262:posterior lateral nasal arteries
1234:is a common site of nosebleeds.
845:Nasal-associated lymphoid tissue
753:
241:lining the nasal cavity and the
63:
54:
5826:from the original on 2012-06-22
5807:
5728:
5717:from the original on 2017-09-18
5699:
5672:
5641:
5610:
5581:
5559:
5540:
5522:
5406:Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery
5344:
5207:
5013:Journal of Medical Case Reports
4769:from the original on 2008-12-20
4522:
4278:
4260:
4245:
4095:Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy
3880:from the original on 2017-01-18
3837:Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal
3679:
3329:
3272:
3232:Hamilton, Grant S. (May 2017).
3225:
3186:
3039:Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy
2608:from the original on 2017-03-01
2253:
2226:perforation of the nasal septum
1756:initiated by irritation of the
1446:is supplied by branches of the
1357:
1266:posterior septal nasal branches
828:
443:frontal process of each maxilla
303:are produced in the process of
292:responsible for this function.
5814:Mitali Ruths (June 14, 2011).
5735:Sansom, George Bailey (1961).
5679:Derby, Mark (September 2013).
5138:Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
4948:Critical Reviews in Toxicology
4604:. Cambridge University Press.
2828:Mastering Advanced Rhinoplasty
2659:
2619:
2594:
2246:(or nasophilia) is the sexual
2146:endoscopic endonasal surgeries
1702:
1567:
1295:Veins of the nose include the
1162:, a condition associated with
863:. A mucous ridge known as the
762:. The nasal root is above the
738:; a deep fatty layer, and the
720:
697:, and an alar part termed the
13:
1:
5739:A History of Japan, 1334–1615
5620:Ethnic Identity in Tang China
5150:10.1016/S0169-409X(01)00172-7
4460:Neurologia (Barcelona, Spain)
4394:10.1016/S0030-6657(08)70263-4
4321:10.1016/S0889-8561(03)00107-3
2625:Dory, Miri (March 13, 2014).
2353:
1222:. Branches of these arteries
1082:
894:), that give entrance to the
843:Anatomy of the nasal cavity.
522:
496:that gives attachment to the
5912:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.10.003
5500:10.1097/MOO.0000000000000130
5228:10.1097/PRS.0000000000000694
4925:10.1016/j.autrev.2012.08.009
4890:10.1097/INF.0b013e3181ac8a69
4548:. Elsevier Health Sciences.
4507:10.1016/0091-6749(83)90518-3
4252:Hengerer AS, Oas RE (1987).
4179:Langman's Medical Embryology
3705:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006616
3541:10.1016/0091-6749(92)90161-t
3006:10.1097/GOX.0000000000001590
2554:. Elsevier Health Sciences.
1892:Another common condition is
1660:(absent or closed passage),
1558:nerve of the pterygoid canal
1382:), and branches from these.
1243:posterior ethmoidal arteries
337:
7:
5985:of the 20th edition of
5648:Johann Jakob Meyer (1989).
4687:Clinically oriented anatomy
4542:Bluestone, Charles (2002).
4488:Geurkink, N (August 1983).
4070:Clinically Oriented Anatomy
3426:Lewis JS, Jr (March 2016).
2802:Clinically oriented anatomy
2295:
2167:Some people choose to have
2003:recreational use of cocaine
1953:danger triangle of the face
1752:is an important protective
1697:
1604:During the fifth week, the
1542:Postganglionic nerve fibers
1461:
1348:retropharyngeal lymph nodes
1290:
778:meets the nasal bones. The
601:at a junction known as the
10:
7725:
5900:Journal of Human Evolution
5868:Cambridge University Press
5465:10.1016/j.wneu.2011.07.011
3932:10.1016/j.ajog.2005.11.042
3580:10.1007/s12663-019-01314-w
3234:"The External Nasal Valve"
3083:Taste and Smell: An Update
2072:
2033:drug delivery to the brain
1819:
1794:olfactory receptor neurons
1550:preganglionic nerve fibers
1522:olfactory receptor neurons
1505:
1407:posterior ethmoidal nerves
1065:A narrow opening called a
1014:
832:
641:
563:and the septal cartilage.
410:for the attachment of the
202:is the first organ of the
36:
29:
7618:
7541:
7503:
7380:
7323:
7282:
7247:
7188:
7125:
7085:
7076:
7044:
7016:
6889:
6880:
6762:
6682:
6673:
6578:
6550:
6440:
6426:
6337:
6304:
6282:
6261:
6177:
6151:
6142:
6092:
6086:Anatomy of the human nose
5617:Marc S. Abramson (2011).
5322:10.1007/s00266-018-1195-x
5310:Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
5276:10.1186/s12879-019-3707-y
5185:10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.025
4863:National Cancer Institute
4632:Saladin, Kenneth (2012).
4356:10.1513/pats.201007-050RN
4107:10.1007/s00276-007-0227-z
4039:10.1017/S002221510800176X
3493:10.1007/s12105-013-0514-4
3444:10.1007/s12105-016-0692-y
3354:10.1001/jamaoto.2013.4163
3297:10.1007/s12070-013-0618-x
3250:10.1016/j.fsc.2016.12.010
3168:Saladin, Kenneth (2012).
3051:10.1007/s00276-002-0009-6
2908:www.collinsdictionary.com
2881:10.1001/archfaci.10.2.109
2523:Standring, Susan (2016).
2086:from 17th century Europe.
1881:. Woodruff's plexus is a
1815:
1401:, and its branches – the
1394:supply the lateral wall.
1344:deep cervical lymph nodes
1340:submandibular lymph nodes
1311:at the root of the nose.
1180:
1176:Blood supply and drainage
1007:into the cranial cavity.
971:, laterally by the lower
269:are created in which the
180:
168:
156:
140:
128:
123:
111:
99:
83:
78:
62:
53:
48:
27:Feature of the human face
5799:: CS1 maint: location (
5771:Pray, W. Steven (2005).
5419:10.4103/2231-0746.200348
5064:Head & Face Medicine
4545:Pediatric otolaryngology
4429:10.1177/1753465809340571
2627:"Cephalometric analysis"
2335:Obligate nasal breathing
2109:aesthetic nasal segments
2105:aesthetic nasal subunits
1538:autonomic nervous system
1501:
1440:superior alveolar nerves
1260:and its branches – the
711:levator labii superioris
576:lateral nasal cartilages
488:, and this makes up the
389:
378:. In the skin there are
6356:Salpingopharyngeal fold
5353:"Trauma of the midface"
5263:BMC Infectious Diseases
4845:British Skin Foundation
4601:Principles of Phonetics
3777:Clinical Otolaryngology
3617:Clinical Otolaryngology
3481:Head and Neck Pathology
3432:Head and Neck Pathology
2667:"Vomeronasal cartilage"
2639:Lang, Johannes (1989).
2604:. ArchaeologyInfo.com.
2425:Singh, Vishram (2014).
2282:University of Barcelona
2238:transverse nasal crease
1717:upper respiratory tract
1585:Development of the nose
1254:greater palatine artery
973:lateral nasal cartilage
955:The nasal cavity has a
580:anterior nasal aperture
94:greater palatine artery
7313:Lymphoid immune system
6882:Musculoskeletal system
6420:Human regional anatomy
6243:Ethmoidal infundibulum
6228:Sphenoethmoidal recess
6047:Quotations related to
6003:Nestor, James (2020).
5077:10.1186/1746-160X-2-11
5026:10.1186/1752-1947-6-87
4960:10.1080/20014091111712
4841:"Basal Cell Carcinoma"
4807:Clinics in Dermatology
3385:Facial Plastic Surgery
2203:originating among the
2117:nasal septum deviation
2087:
1970:
1785:
1712:
1622:intermaxillary segment
1581:
1554:greater petrosal nerve
1516:is transmitted by the
1392:greater palatine nerve
1203:
1190:
1096:
1026:
942:respiratory epithelium
919:inferior nasal conchae
873:mucocutaneous junction
869:respiratory epithelium
848:
615:medial crural footpods
568:septal nasal cartilage
559:that lies between the
532:
517:cephalometric landmark
415:
399:
324:reconstructive surgery
222:, which separates the
182:Anatomical terminology
7301:Myeloid immune system
7087:Cardiovascular system
6361:Salpingopalatine fold
6204:Inferior nasal concha
6194:Superior nasal concha
5862:Finlayson, C (2004).
3397:10.1055/s-2006-954845
2101:subunits and segments
2082:
2073:Further information:
2059:airborne transmission
1961:
1885:of large thin-walled
1857:Clinical significance
1779:
1734:The three positioned
1710:
1575:
1258:sphenopalatine artery
1196:
1188:
1090:
1024:
999:, through which pass
842:
610:major alar cartilages
597:. They join with the
584:minor alar cartilages
557:vomeronasal cartilage
530:
494:posterior nasal spine
433:. A left and a right
408:posterior nasal spine
405:
397:
90:Sphenopalatine artery
32:Nose (disambiguation)
7653:Islets of Langerhans
7513:Genitourinary system
7249:Integumentary system
6189:Supreme nasal concha
6039:at Wikimedia Commons
5711:polynesia.com | blog
4990:"Acromegaly | NIDDK"
4913:Autoimmunity Reviews
4763:"Foreign Body, Nose"
4272:www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
3291:(Suppl 2): 400–401.
2220:is a common, mildly
2199:") is a traditional
2035:, and these include
2029:nasally administered
1983:basal-cell carcinoma
1910:nonallergic rhinitis
1867:Kiesselbach's plexus
1796:responsible for the
1508:Vomeronasal receptor
1414:infratrochlear nerve
1301:superior labial vein
1232:Kiesselbach's plexus
1200:Kiesselbach's plexus
1105:craniofacial surgery
1091:Nose shapes used in
965:internal nasal valve
961:external nasal valve
950:olfactory epithelium
660:depressor septi nasi
513:anterior nasal spine
476:at the top, and the
286:olfactory epithelium
118:External nasal nerve
30:For other uses, see
7694:Human head and neck
7543:Reproductive system
7262:Subcutaneous tissue
7031:Cartilaginous joint
6199:Middle nasal concha
5849:The Free Dictionary
5216:Plast Reconstr Surg
4657:Tortora, G (2011).
3143:Saladin, K (2011).
2379:Saladin, K (2011).
2307:Empty nose syndrome
2163:Society and culture
2069:Surgical procedures
1967:congenital syphilis
1930:Parkinson's disease
1606:maxillary processes
1599:frontonasal process
1546:deep petrosal nerve
1474:is supplied by the
1352:parotid lymph nodes
1285:dorsal nasal artery
1270:infraorbital artery
1247:dorsal nasal artery
1072:ostiomeatal complex
817:Differences in the
734:continued from the
732:fibromuscular layer
453:through which pass
328:Elective procedures
263:transmit infections
7325:Respiratory system
7078:Circulatory system
6319:Sphenoidal sinuses
5453:World Neurosurgery
4865:. 8 November 2019.
4530:climate adaptation
4227:Larsen, W (2001).
4177:Sadler, T (2006).
3955:Prenatal Diagnosis
3535:(3 Pt 2): 419–23.
3205:(Suppl 22): 1–25.
2348:Scottish Highlands
2195:, nose pressing ("
2135:minimally-invasive
2088:
2045:recreational drugs
2041:topical treatments
2027:Some drugs can be
1971:
1951:, is known as the
1786:
1721:respiratory system
1713:
1683:The four pairs of
1628:of the upper lip.
1582:
1480:zygomatic branches
1448:supraorbital nerve
1425:infraorbital nerve
1388:nasopalatine nerve
1326:Lymphatic drainage
1218:– branches of the
1204:
1191:
1097:
1027:
981:inferior turbinate
935:nasolacrimal ducts
898:, and rest of the
892:posterior nostrils
849:
810:that thickens the
782:also known as the
533:
416:
400:
310:There are several
204:respiratory system
7661:
7660:
7184:
7183:
7174:Glymphatic system
7072:
7071:
6836:
6835:
6832:
6831:
6386:
6385:
6378:Pharyngeal recess
6373:Pharyngeal tonsil
6306:Paranasal sinuses
6300:
6299:
6274:Vomeronasal organ
6035:Media related to
5881:978-0-521-82087-5
5754:978-0-8047-0525-7
5661:978-81-208-0638-2
5630:978-0-8122-0101-7
5369:10.3205/cto000121
4555:978-0-7216-9197-8
3887:– via NCBI.
3789:10.1111/coa.12977
3475:Lewis, J (2014).
3093:978-3-8055-8123-3
2322:Neti (Hatha Yoga)
2302:Dried nasal mucus
2230:rhinotillexomania
2103:. This uses nine
1926:Kallmann syndrome
1906:allergic rhinitis
1879:Woodruff's plexus
1685:paranasal sinuses
1595:pharyngeal arches
1399:nasociliary nerve
1332:lymphatic vessels
1320:Woodruff's plexus
1035:paranasal sinuses
1025:Paranasal sinuses
1017:Paranasal sinuses
1011:Paranasal sinuses
959:that includes an
900:respiratory tract
804:Sexual dimorphism
595:internasal suture
588:connective tissue
243:paranasal sinuses
196:
195:
191:
16:(Redirected from
7716:
7699:Olfactory system
7620:Endocrine system
7382:Digestive system
7127:Lymphatic system
7110:Lymphatic vessel
7083:
7082:
6887:
6886:
6863:
6856:
6849:
6840:
6839:
6680:
6679:
6611:Vertebral column
6413:
6406:
6399:
6390:
6389:
6292:Olfactory mucosa
6253:Maxillary hiatus
6248:Semilunar hiatus
6149:
6148:
6106:nasal cartilages
6079:
6072:
6065:
6056:
6055:
6046:
6034:
6020:
5975:
5974:
5965:
5964:
5954:
5930:
5924:
5923:
5895:
5886:
5885:
5859:
5853:
5852:
5841:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5831:
5811:
5805:
5804:
5798:
5790:
5768:
5762:
5761:
5742:
5732:
5726:
5725:
5723:
5722:
5703:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5692:
5676:
5670:
5669:
5645:
5639:
5638:
5614:
5608:
5607:
5605:
5604:
5595:. Archived from
5585:
5579:
5578:
5563:
5557:
5556:
5544:
5538:
5537:
5526:
5520:
5519:
5483:
5477:
5476:
5448:
5442:
5441:
5431:
5421:
5397:
5391:
5390:
5380:
5348:
5342:
5341:
5305:
5299:
5298:
5288:
5278:
5254:
5248:
5247:
5211:
5205:
5204:
5168:
5162:
5161:
5133:
5127:
5126:
5106:
5100:
5099:
5089:
5079:
5055:
5049:
5048:
5038:
5028:
5004:
4998:
4997:
4986:
4980:
4979:
4943:
4937:
4936:
4908:
4902:
4901:
4873:
4867:
4866:
4855:
4849:
4848:
4837:
4831:
4830:
4802:
4796:
4795:
4784:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4774:
4759:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4734:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4723:
4712:"Snoring Causes"
4707:
4701:
4700:
4682:
4673:
4672:
4654:
4648:
4647:
4629:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4618:
4595:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4575:
4566:
4560:
4559:
4539:
4533:
4526:
4520:
4519:
4509:
4485:
4476:
4475:
4455:
4449:
4448:
4412:
4406:
4405:
4377:
4368:
4367:
4339:
4333:
4332:
4304:
4293:
4282:
4276:
4275:
4264:
4258:
4257:
4249:
4243:
4242:
4229:Human Embryology
4224:
4193:
4192:
4174:
4151:
4150:
4133:
4127:
4126:
4090:
4084:
4083:
4065:
4059:
4058:
4022:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4008:
3996:Solomon, Atyam.
3993:
3987:
3986:
3950:
3944:
3943:
3915:
3909:
3908:
3902:
3898:
3896:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3832:
3823:
3822:
3816:
3808:
3772:
3763:
3762:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3717:
3707:
3698:(14): e1006616.
3683:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3662:
3651:
3650:
3632:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3591:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3524:
3515:
3514:
3504:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3455:
3423:
3417:
3416:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3316:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3140:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3017:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2966:. Archived from
2960:
2954:
2953:
2937:
2927:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2883:
2859:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2797:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2726:
2717:
2716:
2707:Bell, Daniel J.
2704:
2698:
2697:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2636:
2630:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2520:
2441:
2440:
2422:
2395:
2394:
2376:
2263:Gibraltar Museum
2169:cosmetic surgery
2153:nasal congestion
2097:cosmetic surgery
1894:nasal congestion
1843:click consonants
1810:olfactory glands
1802:Olfactory mucosa
1790:olfactory system
1784:) are shown here
1727:of inhaled air.
1532:Autonomic supply
1526:olfactory mucosa
1518:olfactory nerves
1368:ophthalmic nerve
1364:trigeminal nerve
1220:carotid arteries
1189:Carotid arteries
1139:sexual selection
1135:hyperplatyrrhine
1119:Hyperleptorrhine
1043:sinonasal region
993:cribriform plate
957:nasal valve area
933:travel down the
877:microvasculature
875:and has a dense
861:sebaceous glands
792:wing of the nose
715:orbicularis oris
695:compressor naris
684:Botox procedures
668:orbicularis oris
599:septal cartilage
537:nasal cartilages
531:Nasal cartilages
447:cribriform plate
380:sebaceous glands
332:cosmetic surgery
301:nasal consonants
226:and divides the
218:, including the
216:nasal cartilages
208:olfactory system
188:edit on Wikidata
185:
67:
58:
46:
45:
21:
7724:
7723:
7719:
7718:
7717:
7715:
7714:
7713:
7679:Facial features
7664:
7663:
7662:
7657:
7614:
7576:Seminal vesicle
7537:
7499:
7449:Small intestine
7376:
7319:
7278:
7243:
7180:
7121:
7068:
7046:Muscular system
7040:
7012:
6891:Skeletal system
6876:
6867:
6837:
6828:
6758:
6669:
6574:
6546:
6436:
6422:
6417:
6387:
6382:
6333:
6314:Maxillary sinus
6296:
6278:
6257:
6173:
6159:Nasal vestibule
6138:
6088:
6083:
6027:
6017:
5999:
5997:Further reading
5972:
5968:
5931:
5927:
5896:
5889:
5882:
5860:
5856:
5843:
5842:
5838:
5829:
5827:
5812:
5808:
5792:
5791:
5787:
5769:
5765:
5755:
5733:
5729:
5720:
5718:
5705:
5704:
5700:
5690:
5688:
5681:"Ngā mahi tika"
5677:
5673:
5662:
5646:
5642:
5631:
5615:
5611:
5602:
5600:
5587:
5586:
5582:
5565:
5564:
5560:
5553:The Daily Beast
5545:
5541:
5528:
5527:
5523:
5484:
5480:
5449:
5445:
5398:
5394:
5349:
5345:
5306:
5302:
5255:
5251:
5212:
5208:
5169:
5165:
5134:
5130:
5107:
5103:
5056:
5052:
5005:
5001:
4988:
4987:
4983:
4944:
4940:
4909:
4905:
4874:
4870:
4857:
4856:
4852:
4839:
4838:
4834:
4803:
4799:
4786:
4785:
4781:
4772:
4770:
4761:
4760:
4756:
4746:
4744:
4742:medlineplus.gov
4736:
4735:
4731:
4721:
4719:
4718:. 26 April 2015
4710:
4708:
4704:
4697:
4683:
4676:
4669:
4655:
4651:
4644:
4630:
4626:
4616:
4614:
4612:
4596:
4592:
4582:
4580:
4573:
4567:
4563:
4556:
4540:
4536:
4527:
4523:
4486:
4479:
4456:
4452:
4413:
4409:
4378:
4371:
4340:
4336:
4305:
4296:
4283:
4279:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4250:
4246:
4239:
4225:
4196:
4189:
4175:
4154:
4147:
4135:
4134:
4130:
4091:
4087:
4080:
4066:
4062:
4023:
4016:
4006:
4004:
3994:
3990:
3967:10.1002/pd.2938
3951:
3947:
3916:
3912:
3900:
3899:
3890:
3889:
3883:
3881:
3865:Werner Syndrome
3860:
3856:
3833:
3826:
3810:
3809:
3773:
3766:
3735:
3731:
3684:
3680:
3670:
3668:
3664:
3663:
3654:
3609:
3605:
3560:
3556:
3525:
3518:
3473:
3469:
3424:
3420:
3381:
3377:
3334:
3330:
3277:
3273:
3230:
3226:
3191:
3187:
3180:
3166:
3162:
3155:
3141:
3134:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3078:
3074:
3035:
3031:
2986:
2982:
2973:
2971:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2950:
2928:
2921:
2912:
2910:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2860:
2853:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2823:
2819:
2812:
2798:
2757:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2727:
2720:
2705:
2701:
2694:
2678:
2674:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2653:
2637:
2633:
2624:
2620:
2611:
2609:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2585:
2583:
2581:radiopaedia.org
2573:
2569:
2562:
2546:
2542:
2535:
2521:
2444:
2437:
2423:
2398:
2391:
2377:
2360:
2356:
2344:Scottish Gaelic
2330:nasal cleansing
2298:
2265:said the large
2259:Clive Finlayson
2256:
2234:allergic salute
2165:
2084:Prosthetic nose
2077:
2071:
1859:
1824:
1818:
1774:
1762:Photic sneezing
1705:
1700:
1681:
1666:nasal dysplasia
1658:choanal atresia
1587:
1578:developing head
1570:
1534:
1510:
1504:
1492:depressor septi
1486:is supplied by
1476:buccal branches
1464:
1452:ethmoid sinuses
1438:is supplied by
1436:maxillary sinus
1422:
1381:
1376:maxillary nerve
1373:
1360:
1328:
1293:
1216:facial arteries
1183:
1178:
1164:premature aging
1160:Werner syndrome
1085:
1059:maxillary sinus
1039:sinonasal tract
1019:
1013:
1005:olfactory nerve
857:nasal vestibule
837:
831:
788:ala of the nose
756:
745:Other areas of
723:
713:, and with the
680:procerus muscle
644:
525:
498:musculus uvulae
459:olfactory nerve
412:musculus uvulae
392:
364:mucous membrane
340:
312:plastic surgery
290:olfactory cells
192:
149:
74:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Ala of the nose
15:
12:
11:
5:
7722:
7712:
7711:
7706:
7704:Sensory organs
7701:
7696:
7691:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7659:
7658:
7656:
7655:
7650:
7645:
7640:
7635:
7630:
7624:
7622:
7616:
7615:
7613:
7612:
7611:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7580:
7579:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7547:
7545:
7539:
7538:
7536:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7509:
7507:
7505:Urinary system
7501:
7500:
7498:
7497:
7496:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7473:
7472:
7471:
7466:
7461:
7456:
7451:
7441:
7440:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7427:Laryngopharynx
7424:
7414:
7413:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7395:Salivary gland
7386:
7384:
7378:
7377:
7375:
7374:
7373:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7352:
7351:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7329:
7327:
7321:
7320:
7318:
7317:
7316:
7315:
7305:
7304:
7303:
7292:
7290:
7288:immune systems
7284:Haematopoietic
7280:
7279:
7277:
7276:
7275:
7274:
7264:
7259:
7253:
7251:
7245:
7244:
7242:
7241:
7236:
7234:Somatic system
7231:
7230:
7229:
7224:
7217:Sensory system
7214:
7213:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7194:
7192:
7190:Nervous system
7186:
7185:
7182:
7181:
7179:
7178:
7177:
7176:
7169:CNS equivalent
7166:
7165:
7164:
7159:
7149:
7148:
7147:
7142:
7131:
7129:
7123:
7122:
7120:
7119:
7114:
7113:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7091:
7089:
7080:
7074:
7073:
7070:
7069:
7067:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7050:
7048:
7042:
7041:
7039:
7038:
7036:Synovial joint
7033:
7028:
7022:
7020:
7014:
7013:
7011:
7010:
7005:
7004:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6912:
6906:
6895:
6893:
6884:
6878:
6877:
6866:
6865:
6858:
6851:
6843:
6834:
6833:
6830:
6829:
6827:
6826:
6825:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6768:
6766:
6760:
6759:
6757:
6756:
6755:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6688:
6686:
6677:
6671:
6670:
6668:
6667:
6662:
6661:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6640:
6635:
6634:
6633:
6628:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6607:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6585:
6583:
6576:
6575:
6573:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6556:
6554:
6548:
6547:
6545:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6513:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6452:
6446:
6444:
6438:
6437:
6432:
6430:
6424:
6423:
6416:
6415:
6408:
6401:
6393:
6384:
6383:
6381:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6369:
6368:
6366:Torus tubarius
6363:
6358:
6347:
6345:
6335:
6334:
6332:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6310:
6308:
6302:
6301:
6298:
6297:
6295:
6294:
6288:
6286:
6280:
6279:
6277:
6276:
6271:
6265:
6263:
6259:
6258:
6256:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6224:
6223:
6220:
6217:
6214:
6207:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6181:
6179:
6175:
6174:
6172:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6155:
6153:
6146:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6136:
6135:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6102:
6096:
6094:
6090:
6089:
6082:
6081:
6074:
6067:
6059:
6053:
6052:
6040:
6026:
6025:External links
6023:
6022:
6021:
6016:978-0735213616
6015:
5998:
5995:
5994:
5993:
5988:Gray's Anatomy
5967:
5966:
5945:(1): 103–117.
5925:
5906:(2): 234–239.
5887:
5880:
5854:
5836:
5820:LiveStrong.com
5806:
5786:978-0781734981
5785:
5763:
5753:
5727:
5713:. 2016-03-24.
5698:
5671:
5660:
5640:
5629:
5609:
5580:
5558:
5539:
5532:. 2018-11-28.
5521:
5478:
5443:
5412:(2): 159–164.
5392:
5343:
5316:(1): 175–183.
5300:
5249:
5222:(5): 1045–56.
5206:
5163:
5128:
5101:
5050:
4999:
4981:
4938:
4919:(4): 496–500.
4903:
4868:
4850:
4832:
4797:
4779:
4754:
4729:
4702:
4695:
4674:
4667:
4649:
4642:
4624:
4610:
4590:
4561:
4554:
4534:
4521:
4477:
4450:
4407:
4369:
4334:
4294:
4277:
4259:
4244:
4237:
4194:
4187:
4152:
4145:
4128:
4085:
4078:
4060:
4033:(10): 1074–7.
4014:
3988:
3945:
3926:(5): 1219–30.
3910:
3854:
3843:(4–5): E45-7.
3824:
3783:(1): 291–299.
3764:
3745:(2): 156–157.
3729:
3678:
3652:
3603:
3574:(4): 596–602.
3554:
3516:
3467:
3418:
3375:
3348:(9): 947–950.
3328:
3271:
3244:(2): 179–194.
3224:
3185:
3179:978-0073378251
3178:
3160:
3153:
3132:
3118:
3098:
3092:
3072:
3029:
2980:
2955:
2949:978-0063507296
2948:
2919:
2895:
2851:
2837:
2817:
2810:
2755:
2741:
2718:
2699:
2692:
2672:
2658:
2651:
2631:
2618:
2593:
2575:Knipe, Henry.
2567:
2560:
2540:
2533:
2442:
2435:
2396:
2389:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2337:
2332:
2319:
2314:
2304:
2297:
2294:
2255:
2252:
2250:for the nose.
2244:Nose fetishism
2177:Nose piercings
2164:
2161:
2070:
2067:
2065:transmission.
2022:concha bullosa
2015:growth hormone
1937:foreign bodies
1858:
1855:
1820:Main article:
1817:
1814:
1798:sense of smell
1773:
1772:Sense of smell
1770:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1680:
1677:
1614:nasal placodes
1591:ectomesenchyme
1586:
1583:
1569:
1566:
1533:
1530:
1514:sense of smell
1503:
1500:
1472:nasalis muscle
1463:
1460:
1456:sphenoid sinus
1420:
1379:
1371:
1359:
1356:
1327:
1324:
1292:
1289:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1113:developed the
1101:Anthropometric
1084:
1081:
1051:sphenoid sinus
1015:Main article:
1012:
1009:
1001:sensory fibres
909:, arranged as
833:Main article:
830:
827:
766:and below the
755:
752:
722:
719:
691:nasalis muscle
648:facial muscles
643:
640:
524:
521:
455:sensory fibres
439:lacrimal bones
391:
388:
339:
336:
194:
193:
184:
178:
177:
172:
166:
165:
160:
154:
153:
144:
138:
137:
132:
126:
125:
121:
120:
115:
109:
108:
103:
97:
96:
87:
81:
80:
76:
75:
68:
60:
59:
51:
50:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7721:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7690:
7689:Human anatomy
7687:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7671:
7669:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7639:
7636:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7625:
7623:
7621:
7617:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7591:
7589:
7586:
7585:
7584:
7581:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7553:
7552:
7549:
7548:
7546:
7544:
7540:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7510:
7508:
7506:
7502:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7488:Biliary tract
7486:
7484:
7481:
7480:
7479:
7478:
7474:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7446:
7445:
7442:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7419:
7418:
7415:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7392:
7391:
7388:
7387:
7385:
7383:
7379:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7357:
7356:
7353:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7335:
7334:
7331:
7330:
7328:
7326:
7322:
7314:
7311:
7310:
7309:
7306:
7302:
7299:
7298:
7297:
7294:
7293:
7291:
7289:
7285:
7281:
7273:
7272:Mammary gland
7270:
7269:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7254:
7252:
7250:
7246:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7219:
7218:
7215:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7197:
7196:
7195:
7193:
7191:
7187:
7175:
7172:
7171:
7170:
7167:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7154:
7153:
7150:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7137:
7136:
7133:
7132:
7130:
7128:
7124:
7118:
7115:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7097:
7096:
7093:
7092:
7090:
7088:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7075:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7051:
7049:
7047:
7043:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7026:Fibrous joint
7024:
7023:
7021:
7019:
7015:
7009:
7006:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6916:
6913:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6901:
6900:
6897:
6896:
6894:
6892:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6879:
6875:
6871:
6870:Human systems
6864:
6859:
6857:
6852:
6850:
6845:
6844:
6841:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6799:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6769:
6767:
6765:
6761:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6719:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6689:
6687:
6685:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6672:
6666:
6663:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6645:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6623:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6591:
6590:
6587:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6577:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6557:
6555:
6553:
6549:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6457:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6447:
6445:
6443:
6439:
6435:
6431:
6429:
6425:
6421:
6414:
6409:
6407:
6402:
6400:
6395:
6394:
6391:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6353:
6352:
6349:
6348:
6346:
6344:
6340:
6336:
6330:
6329:Ethmoid sinus
6327:
6325:
6324:Frontal sinus
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6311:
6309:
6307:
6303:
6293:
6290:
6289:
6287:
6285:
6281:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6266:
6264:
6260:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6233:Ethmoid bulla
6231:
6229:
6226:
6225:
6221:
6218:
6215:
6212:
6209:
6208:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6186:
6185:Nasal conchae
6183:
6182:
6180:
6176:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6156:
6154:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6141:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6117:Lateral nasal
6115:
6113:
6110:
6109:
6108:
6107:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6097:
6095:
6093:External nose
6091:
6087:
6080:
6075:
6073:
6068:
6066:
6061:
6060:
6057:
6050:
6045:
6041:
6038:
6033:
6029:
6028:
6018:
6012:
6008:
6007:
6001:
6000:
5992:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5980:
5979:public domain
5970:
5969:
5962:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5944:
5940:
5936:
5929:
5921:
5917:
5913:
5909:
5905:
5901:
5894:
5892:
5883:
5877:
5873:
5869:
5865:
5858:
5850:
5846:
5840:
5825:
5821:
5817:
5810:
5802:
5796:
5788:
5782:
5778:
5774:
5767:
5760:
5756:
5750:
5746:
5741:
5740:
5731:
5716:
5712:
5708:
5702:
5686:
5682:
5675:
5667:
5663:
5657:
5653:
5652:
5644:
5636:
5632:
5626:
5622:
5621:
5613:
5599:on 2017-06-05
5598:
5594:
5590:
5589:"Nose Shaper"
5584:
5576:
5572:
5568:
5562:
5554:
5550:
5543:
5535:
5531:
5525:
5517:
5513:
5509:
5505:
5501:
5497:
5493:
5489:
5482:
5474:
5470:
5466:
5462:
5459:(2): 329–41.
5458:
5454:
5447:
5439:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5396:
5388:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5370:
5366:
5362:
5358:
5354:
5347:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5304:
5296:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5260:
5253:
5245:
5241:
5237:
5233:
5229:
5225:
5221:
5217:
5210:
5202:
5198:
5194:
5190:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5174:
5173:Life Sciences
5167:
5159:
5155:
5151:
5147:
5144:(1–3): 5–19.
5143:
5139:
5132:
5124:
5120:
5116:
5112:
5105:
5097:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5069:
5065:
5061:
5054:
5046:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5003:
4995:
4991:
4985:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4957:
4954:(3): 313–47.
4953:
4949:
4942:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4907:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4872:
4864:
4860:
4854:
4846:
4842:
4836:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4816:
4812:
4808:
4801:
4793:
4789:
4783:
4768:
4764:
4758:
4743:
4739:
4733:
4717:
4713:
4706:
4698:
4696:9781496347213
4692:
4688:
4681:
4679:
4670:
4668:9780470646083
4664:
4660:
4653:
4645:
4643:9780073378251
4639:
4635:
4628:
4613:
4611:9780521456555
4607:
4603:
4602:
4594:
4579:
4572:
4569:Ohala, John.
4565:
4557:
4551:
4547:
4546:
4538:
4531:
4525:
4517:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4484:
4482:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4454:
4446:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4430:
4426:
4423:(3): 131–41.
4422:
4418:
4411:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4376:
4374:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4338:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4303:
4301:
4299:
4292:
4288:
4287:
4286:Nasal Anatomy
4281:
4273:
4269:
4263:
4255:
4248:
4240:
4234:
4230:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4205:
4203:
4201:
4199:
4190:
4188:9780781790697
4184:
4180:
4173:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4157:
4148:
4146:9781416062578
4142:
4138:
4132:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4089:
4081:
4079:9781496347213
4075:
4071:
4064:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4021:
4019:
4003:
3999:
3992:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3949:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3914:
3906:
3894:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3866:
3858:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3831:
3829:
3820:
3814:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3771:
3769:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3733:
3725:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3692:PLOS Genetics
3689:
3682:
3667:
3661:
3659:
3657:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3607:
3599:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3558:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3523:
3521:
3512:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3471:
3463:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3422:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3391:(4): 266–80.
3390:
3386:
3379:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3332:
3324:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3275:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3228:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3189:
3181:
3175:
3171:
3164:
3156:
3154:9780071222075
3150:
3146:
3145:Human anatomy
3139:
3137:
3121:
3119:9783642568299
3115:
3111:
3110:
3102:
3095:
3089:
3085:
3084:
3076:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3033:
3025:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3007:
3003:
3000:(12): e1590.
2999:
2995:
2991:
2984:
2970:on 2007-11-30
2969:
2965:
2959:
2951:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2935:
2926:
2924:
2909:
2905:
2899:
2891:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2874:(2): 109–15.
2873:
2869:
2865:
2858:
2856:
2840:
2838:9783319675374
2834:
2830:
2829:
2821:
2813:
2811:9781496347213
2807:
2803:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2744:
2742:9781550091977
2738:
2734:
2733:
2725:
2723:
2714:
2710:
2703:
2695:
2693:9781588904416
2689:
2685:
2684:
2676:
2668:
2662:
2654:
2652:9783137384014
2648:
2644:
2643:
2635:
2628:
2622:
2607:
2603:
2597:
2582:
2578:
2571:
2563:
2561:9780702068515
2557:
2553:
2552:
2544:
2536:
2534:9780702052309
2530:
2526:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2438:
2436:9788131237274
2432:
2428:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2392:
2390:9780071222075
2386:
2382:
2381:Human anatomy
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2358:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:technique of
2327:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2213:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2149:
2147:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2023:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1981:particularly
1980:
1976:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1883:venous plexus
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1800:(olfaction).
1799:
1795:
1791:
1783:
1778:
1769:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1754:reflex action
1751:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1736:nasal conchae
1732:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1709:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1676:
1674:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1662:facial clefts
1659:
1655:
1654:birth defects
1651:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1635:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1579:
1574:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1444:frontal sinus
1441:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1417:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1369:
1365:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1316:venous plexus
1312:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1201:
1195:
1187:
1173:
1171:
1170:Down syndrome
1167:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1111:Paul Topinard
1108:
1106:
1102:
1094:
1089:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1055:ethmoid sinus
1052:
1048:
1047:frontal sinus
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1023:
1018:
1008:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
989:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
953:
951:
947:
943:
938:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
903:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
880:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
847:labelled NALT
846:
841:
836:
826:
824:
820:
815:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
754:External nose
751:
748:
743:
741:
737:
733:
729:
718:
716:
712:
706:
702:
700:
699:dilator naris
696:
692:
687:
685:
681:
676:
674:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
639:
636:
631:
628:
624:
620:
616:
611:
606:
604:
600:
596:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
564:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
529:
520:
518:
514:
510:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
482:incisive bone
479:
475:
471:
466:
464:
463:sphenoid bone
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
427:
425:
421:
413:
409:
404:
396:
387:
385:
381:
377:
376:blood vessels
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
316:rhinoplasties
313:
308:
306:
302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
283:
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
247:Nasal conchae
244:
240:
236:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
189:
183:
179:
176:
173:
171:
167:
164:
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159:
155:
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148:
145:
143:
139:
136:
133:
131:
127:
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119:
116:
114:
110:
107:
104:
102:
98:
95:
91:
88:
86:
82:
77:
72:
66:
61:
57:
52:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
7475:
7443:
7416:
7337:
7168:
7151:
7134:
7094:
6560:Adam's apple
6489:
6284:Nasal mucosa
6269:Nasal septum
6211:Nasal meatus
6178:Lateral wall
6144:Nasal cavity
6112:Septal nasal
6104:
6085:
6051:at Wikiquote
6004:
5990:
5976:
5942:
5938:
5928:
5903:
5899:
5863:
5857:
5848:
5845:"nasophilia"
5839:
5828:. Retrieved
5819:
5809:
5772:
5766:
5758:
5738:
5730:
5719:. Retrieved
5710:
5701:
5689:. Retrieved
5674:
5650:
5643:
5619:
5612:
5601:. Retrieved
5597:the original
5592:
5583:
5570:
5561:
5552:
5542:
5524:
5494:(1): 29–33.
5491:
5487:
5481:
5456:
5452:
5446:
5409:
5405:
5395:
5360:
5356:
5346:
5313:
5309:
5303:
5266:
5262:
5252:
5219:
5215:
5209:
5176:
5172:
5166:
5141:
5137:
5131:
5117:(6): 490–2.
5114:
5110:
5104:
5067:
5063:
5053:
5016:
5012:
5002:
4993:
4984:
4951:
4947:
4941:
4916:
4912:
4906:
4884:(6): 536–7.
4881:
4877:
4871:
4862:
4853:
4844:
4835:
4813:(1): 35–46.
4810:
4806:
4800:
4791:
4782:
4771:. Retrieved
4757:
4745:. Retrieved
4741:
4732:
4720:. Retrieved
4715:
4705:
4686:
4658:
4652:
4633:
4627:
4615:. Retrieved
4600:
4593:
4581:. Retrieved
4578:berkeley.edu
4577:
4564:
4544:
4537:
4524:
4500:(2): 123–8.
4497:
4493:
4466:(1): 26–33.
4463:
4459:
4453:
4420:
4416:
4410:
4388:(3): 321–5.
4385:
4381:
4347:
4343:
4337:
4312:
4308:
4284:
4280:
4271:
4262:
4253:
4247:
4228:
4178:
4136:
4131:
4101:(5): 383–8.
4098:
4094:
4088:
4069:
4063:
4030:
4026:
4005:. Retrieved
4001:
3991:
3961:(3): 240–4.
3958:
3954:
3948:
3923:
3919:
3913:
3882:. Retrieved
3864:
3857:
3840:
3836:
3813:cite journal
3780:
3776:
3742:
3738:
3732:
3695:
3691:
3681:
3669:. Retrieved
3623:(3): 191–8.
3620:
3616:
3606:
3571:
3567:
3557:
3532:
3528:
3487:(3): 241–9.
3484:
3480:
3470:
3438:(1): 60–67.
3435:
3431:
3421:
3388:
3384:
3378:
3345:
3341:
3331:
3288:
3284:
3274:
3241:
3237:
3227:
3202:
3198:
3188:
3169:
3163:
3144:
3123:. Retrieved
3108:
3101:
3082:
3075:
3045:(1): 27–32.
3042:
3038:
3032:
2997:
2993:
2983:
2972:. Retrieved
2968:the original
2958:
2933:
2911:. Retrieved
2907:
2898:
2871:
2867:
2842:. Retrieved
2831:. Springer.
2827:
2820:
2801:
2746:. Retrieved
2735:. PMPH-USA.
2731:
2712:
2702:
2682:
2675:
2661:
2641:
2634:
2621:
2610:. Retrieved
2596:
2584:. Retrieved
2580:
2570:
2550:
2543:
2524:
2426:
2380:
2290:Neanderthals
2279:
2275:Allen's rule
2257:
2254:Neanderthals
2242:
2218:Nose picking
2216:
2209:
2205:Māori people
2190:
2166:
2157:turbinectomy
2150:
2143:
2132:
2121:
2108:
2104:
2089:
2053:
2037:nasal sprays
2031:, including
2026:
2019:
1979:skin cancers
1972:
1945:
1934:
1904:, including
1891:
1860:
1847:nasal clicks
1835:nasal vowels
1831:nasalisation
1825:
1787:
1766:
1758:nasal mucosa
1748:
1744:nasal mucosa
1733:
1725:particulates
1714:
1692:
1689:
1682:
1670:
1639:
1630:
1618:
1603:
1588:
1562:secretomotor
1556:to form the
1535:
1511:
1468:facial nerve
1465:
1433:
1418:
1411:
1396:
1384:
1366:(CN V): the
1361:
1358:Nerve supply
1329:
1313:
1309:frontal vein
1297:angular vein
1294:
1278:
1274:
1251:
1236:
1205:
1168:
1158:
1145:
1143:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1109:
1098:
1095:nasal index.
1067:sinus ostium
1066:
1064:
1042:
1038:
1028:
997:ethmoid bone
990:
985:nasal cavity
977:nasal septum
954:
946:nasal mucosa
939:
931:lacrimal sac
926:
923:nasal meatus
904:
891:
881:
864:
853:nasal cavity
850:
835:Nasal cavity
829:Nasal cavity
816:
808:testosterone
795:
791:
790:(ala nasi, "
787:
783:
780:nasal dorsum
779:
776:frontal bone
757:
744:
724:
707:
703:
688:
677:
645:
635:nasal scroll
634:
632:
626:
622:
618:
614:
607:
602:
592:
565:
534:
511:to form the
506:
470:nasal septum
467:
451:ethmoid bone
428:
424:frontal bone
417:
384:nasal glands
341:
309:
305:nasalisation
297:Nasal vowels
294:
279:
273:can harbour
239:nasal mucosa
232:
228:nasal cavity
220:nasal septum
199:
197:
151:A01.1.00.009
147:A06.1.01.001
134:
43:
7643:Parathyroid
7343:Nasopharynx
7205:Spinal cord
7140:Bone marrow
6909:Collar bone
6262:Medial wall
6132:Vomeronasal
6100:Ala of nose
6037:Human noses
5870:. pp.
5691:8 September
5571:PressReader
4792:Mayo Clinic
4716:Mayo Clinic
4617:27 November
4583:27 November
4350:(1): 31–9.
4315:(1): 1–17.
4007:26 November
4002:Radiopaedia
3901:|work=
2713:Radiopaedia
2313:of the nose
2267:Neanderthal
2193:New Zealand
2188:and India.
2173:rhinoplasty
2124:broken nose
2113:septoplasty
2093:rhinoplasty
2075:Rhinoplasty
1963:Saddle nose
1918:nasal strip
1871:convergence
1806:nasal gland
1740:nasopharynx
1703:Respiration
1673:development
1568:Development
1548:join with
1150:saddle nose
1131:Platyrrhine
1123:Leptorrhine
1115:nasal index
896:nasopharynx
884:nasal cycle
784:nasal ridge
747:soft tissue
728:fatty layer
721:Soft tissue
490:hard palate
431:nasal notch
352:soft tissue
212:nasal bones
124:Identifiers
106:Facial vein
7668:Categories
7422:Oropharynx
7162:Lymph node
7095:peripheral
6941:Metatarsus
6936:Metacarpus
6915:Thigh bone
6911:(clavicle)
6727:Fingernail
6238:Agger nasi
6213:: (Supreme
6127:Minor alar
6122:Major alar
5830:2012-11-25
5775:. p. 221:
5721:2017-09-18
5603:2017-05-22
5269:(1): 101.
4773:2008-12-16
4238:0443065837
3884:2017-08-31
3125:30 October
2974:2007-06-18
2913:2019-11-06
2686:. Thieme.
2645:. Thieme.
2612:2017-02-28
2586:24 October
2354:References
2311:turbinates
2248:partialism
2171:(called a
2011:acromegaly
1975:rhinophyma
1851:resonating
1839:consonants
1729:Nasal hair
1506:See also:
1305:nasal arch
1224:anastomose
1208:ophthalmic
1127:Mesorrhine
1093:Topinard's
1083:Nose shape
865:limen nasi
812:brow ridge
794:"; plural
740:periosteum
666:, and the
627:alar domes
553:minor alar
549:major alar
523:Cartilages
478:vomer bone
435:nasal bone
348:cartilages
320:congenital
265:, because
251:nasal hair
230:into two.
200:human nose
49:Human nose
7709:Rhinology
7628:Pituitary
7477:accessory
7432:Esophagus
7152:secondary
7064:Diaphragm
7008:Cartilage
6956:Phalanges
6643:Genitalia
6222:inferior)
5795:cite book
5363:: Doc06.
5179:: 44–52.
4291:eMedicine
3903:ignored (
3893:cite book
3362:2168-6181
3305:2231-3796
3258:1558-1926
3211:0392-100X
2326:Ayurvedic
2139:endoscopy
2128:reduction
1941:frostbite
1898:sinusitis
1863:nosebleed
1782:olfaction
1646:cartilage
1552:from the
1544:from the
1318:known as
1212:maxillary
969:columella
963:, and an
927:turbinate
823:Asymmetry
619:columella
360:epithelia
338:Structure
282:olfaction
275:pathogens
235:breathing
71:olfaction
7608:Placenta
7571:Testicle
7566:Prostate
7493:Pancreas
7454:Appendix
7444:lower GI
7417:upper GI
7365:Bronchus
7308:Lymphoid
6991:Vertebra
6946:Ossicles
6931:Mandible
6772:Buttocks
6692:Shoulder
6527:Mandible
6460:Forehead
6216:superior
6152:Openings
5983:page 992
5920:21183202
5824:Archived
5715:Archived
5685:Archived
5666:Archived
5635:Archived
5575:Archived
5534:Archived
5516:13199768
5508:25565284
5473:22501020
5438:28299251
5387:26770280
5338:49865947
5330:30019240
5295:30704406
5236:25347637
5201:46813008
5193:29277310
5158:11516776
5123:10502705
5096:16681852
5045:22448660
4976:41349877
4968:11405443
4933:22940554
4898:19483520
4827:24314376
4767:Archived
4472:16525923
4445:38183174
4437:19617285
4402:18652158
4364:21364219
4329:15062424
4123:27511642
4115:17585363
4047:18289456
3983:23326973
3975:22430721
3940:16615922
3878:Archived
3874:20301687
3849:24817241
3805:24357553
3797:28881107
3724:28301464
3639:19531167
3598:33071509
3511:24338611
3462:26830402
3405:17131269
3370:24051751
3323:24427685
3266:28340649
3067:19353809
3059:12197007
3024:29632770
2890:18347238
2844:17 March
2748:17 March
2629:, Cephx.
2606:Archived
2317:Nasothek
2296:See also
2212:Hanazuka
2201:greeting
2107:and six
2055:Sneezing
2047:such as
2007:chromium
1995:syphilis
1902:rhinitis
1875:arteries
1873:of four
1750:Sneezing
1698:Function
1656:such as
1634:mesoderm
1626:philtrum
1610:ectoderm
1484:procerus
1462:Movement
1403:anterior
1291:Drainage
1239:anterior
1228:plexuses
1226:to form
1148:and the
1146:pug nose
1057:and the
911:superior
819:symmetry
768:glabella
760:forehead
652:procerus
539:are the
509:philtrum
484:and the
441:and the
354:such as
342:Several
271:droplets
267:aerosols
255:Sneezing
224:nostrils
214:and the
7648:Adrenal
7638:Thyroid
7556:Scrotum
7533:Urethra
7528:Bladder
7437:Stomach
7360:Trachea
7296:Myeloid
7135:primary
7001:Sternum
6951:Patella
6926:Humerus
6917:(femur)
6817:Toenail
6707:Forearm
6653:Scrotum
6599:Midriff
6589:Abdomen
6582:(Trunk)
6532:Occiput
6475:Eyebrow
6343:pharynx
6164:Nostril
5961:9185954
5429:5343621
5378:4702055
5286:6357359
5244:2757858
5087:1471777
5036:3338398
4747:15 June
4722:15 June
4516:6350406
4055:2866097
3759:2643972
3715:5354252
3671:9 April
3647:6384770
3589:7524939
3549:1527330
3502:4126925
3453:4746138
3413:6294780
3314:3738809
3219:2741675
3015:5889430
2286:Eskimos
2261:of the
2063:aerosol
2049:cocaine
1999:leprosy
1949:maxilla
1922:anosmia
1914:snoring
1845:called
1808:called
1719:in the
1671:Normal
1593:of the
1524:in the
1374:), the
1307:of the
1154:leprosy
1003:of the
995:of the
907:conchae
888:choanae
800:nostril
656:nasalis
642:Muscles
603:rhinion
545:lateral
500:in the
457:of the
449:of the
420:maxilla
368:muscles
79:Details
7633:Pineal
7593:Vagina
7588:Uterus
7583:Female
7523:Ureter
7518:Kidney
7464:Rectum
7400:Tongue
7348:Larynx
7267:Breast
7239:Tissue
7157:Spleen
7145:Thymus
7100:Artery
7059:Tendon
7054:Muscle
7018:Joints
6996:Pelvis
6971:Tarsus
6961:Radius
6921:Fibula
6904:Carpus
6874:organs
6752:Little
6742:Middle
6722:Finger
6697:Axilla
6638:Pelvis
6631:Nipple
6626:Breast
6621:Thorax
6565:Throat
6542:Temple
6505:Tongue
6485:Eyelid
6219:middle
6169:Choana
6013:
5991:(1918)
5959:
5918:
5878:
5783:
5751:
5658:
5627:
5593:Shybuy
5514:
5506:
5471:
5436:
5426:
5385:
5375:
5336:
5328:
5293:
5283:
5242:
5234:
5199:
5191:
5156:
5121:
5094:
5084:
5070:: 11.
5043:
5033:
5019:: 87.
4974:
4966:
4931:
4896:
4825:
4693:
4665:
4640:
4608:
4552:
4514:
4470:
4443:
4435:
4400:
4362:
4327:
4235:
4185:
4143:
4121:
4113:
4076:
4053:
4045:
3981:
3973:
3938:
3872:
3847:
3803:
3795:
3757:
3722:
3712:
3645:
3637:
3596:
3586:
3547:
3509:
3499:
3460:
3450:
3411:
3403:
3368:
3360:
3321:
3311:
3303:
3264:
3256:
3217:
3209:
3176:
3151:
3116:
3090:
3065:
3057:
3022:
3012:
2946:
2888:
2835:
2808:
2739:
2690:
2649:
2558:
2531:
2433:
2387:
2342:, the
2137:nasal
1827:Speech
1822:Speech
1816:Speech
1648:, and
1642:muscle
1482:. The
1470:. The
1450:. The
1427:, and
1423:, the
1256:; the
1214:, and
1181:Supply
1062:bone.
1053:, the
1049:, the
1031:mucosa
915:middle
890:(also
772:nasion
764:bridge
623:lobule
572:septum
551:, and
541:septal
374:, and
372:nerves
259:reflex
237:. The
85:Artery
7603:Ovary
7598:Vulva
7561:Penis
7483:Liver
7459:Colon
7410:Tooth
7390:Mouth
7355:Lower
7333:Upper
7210:Nerve
7200:Brain
7117:Heart
6976:Tibia
6966:Skull
6802:Ankle
6782:Thigh
6737:Index
6732:Thumb
6712:Wrist
6702:Elbow
6675:Limbs
6658:Vulva
6648:Penis
6604:Navel
6594:Waist
6580:Torso
6537:Scalp
6510:Tooth
6495:Mouth
6465:Cheek
6049:Noses
5981:from
5512:S2CID
5334:S2CID
5240:S2CID
5197:S2CID
4972:S2CID
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