249:
17:
264:) did not arrive until 1816, and it was printed on a heavy card stock. A second issue arrived in 1822 printed on the same material. Given the climate of Alaska and constantly being outdoors, the currency did not survive long in circulation. Only four examples from the first two issues are known to exist: a 25 kopeck, 50 kopeck, and one ruble note from 1816 and a single one ruble note from 1822.
268:
kopeck (brown), 25 kopeck (black), 50 kopeck (lilac), 1 ruble (green), 5 ruble (blue ink on blue-tinted parchment), 10 ruble (red ink on red-tinted parchment). The issue of 1852 changed the color scheme of the ruble notes: black ink on light yellow (1 ruble), black ink on blue (5 ruble), and black ink on red (10 ruble).
267:
Constantly needing to replace damaged and worn notes, a third issue (on parchment) arrived in 1826 with higher denomination notes on color-tinted parchment (e.g., blue 5 ruble notes and red 10 ruble notes). Later issues (e.g., 1842, 1846, 1848) varied the ink overprint color for each denomination: 10
271:
Lower denomination notes- 10, 25, and 50 kopeck notes were the same size (except for the one-issue round 10 kopeck note). In an attempt to help the largely illiterate native population of
Russian America, these lower denomination notes were systematically altered: the 10 kopeck had two holes made,
280:
Ted Uhl, a collector and researcher of
Alaskan parchment scrip, reported that 53 notes were known in 1982. Zander's 1996 monograph published by The Russian Numismatic Society lists every reported note by denomination and serial number: 10 kopecks (22), 25 kopecks (18), 50 kopecks (10), one ruble
281:(18), five rubles (3), 10 rubles (5), and 25 rubles (1) for a census total of 77. It is uncertain whether an accurate census is currently maintained, but some estimates suggest between 100 and 150 notes are known.
88:) as well as the general administration of colonial Russian America. Each of the five main districts (New Archangel, Kodiak, Unalaska, Ross, and Northern Islands) housed a RAC store which only accepted
673:
Veltre, Douglas W.; McCartney, Allen P. (2002). "Russian
Exploitation of Aleuts and Fur Seals: The Archaeology of Eighteenth- and Early Nineteenth-Century Settlements in the Pribilof Islands, Alaska".
99:
RAC employees and local native hunters were paid in company script redeemable only at company stores. Though first made of thick card stock, this scrip was later made from parchment and walrus hide.
260:, one of the directors of the RAC, proposed the creation of a colonial currency for use in Russian America, to be printed on parchment for greater durability. The first issue of currency (12,000
301:
All information in the issuance table is found in Zander (1996). Individual table references indicate additional reference sources for specific information.
791:
874:
272:
one in each of the upper corners, the 25 kopeck had all four corners clipped, and the 50 kopeck had the upper two corners clipped.
833:
774:
864:
74:
257:
73:- "the Russian-American Company under the Protection of His Imperial Majesty") was chartered by Russian
815:
869:
64:
28:
748:
580:
802:
51:, and sometimes on walrus hide, in denominations of 10, 25, 50 kopecks and 1, 5, 10, and 25
8:
248:
719:
698:
690:
648:
640:
605:
567:
16:
310:
Zander further reports that of the 77 known examples, 35 reside in museum collections.
859:
829:
770:
736:
702:
652:
558:
Andrews, C.L. (1916). "Alaska under the
Russians – Industry, Trade and Social Life".
93:
682:
630:
77:
84:
granted the RAC an exclusive monopoly for any and all produce from (primarily the
823:
764:
32:
853:
89:
740:
723:
710:
Wheeler, Mary E. (1966). "The
Origins of the Russian-American Company".
694:
644:
619:"The Implications of Mercantile Colonial Practices in the North Pacific"
609:
571:
733:
The
Alaskan Parchment Script of the Russian American Company, 1816–1867
686:
635:
618:
85:
48:
81:
792:"The Henry H. Clifford Collection – Coins of the American West"
261:
52:
44:
545:
HCAA Currency
Auction Catalog (Boston), 2010, p. 115.
596:
Gibson, James R. (1976). "Russian
America in 1821".
58:
27:
was in circulation from 1816 to 1867, issued by the
581:"Animal Skin Tokens – The Russian-American Company"
735:. Bellingham, WA: The Russian Numismatic Society.
668:(1). The Society of Paper Money Collectors: 20–23.
20:Russian-American Company parchment scrip (1 Ruble)
851:
759:(4). American Numismatic Association: 139. 1911.
629:(4). Society for Historical Archaeology: 14–28.
681:(3). Society for Historical Archaeology: 8–17.
672:
769:. Heritage Auctions, Inc. 2010. p. 115.
348:
346:
828:. Heritage Auctions, Inc. 2010. p. 51.
375:
373:
371:
369:
367:
327:
325:
511:
509:
499:
497:
439:
437:
435:
460:
458:
343:
634:
616:
604:(2). Oregon Historical Society: 174–188.
364:
322:
578:
566:(4). University of Washington: 278–295.
523:
521:
506:
494:
432:
425:
423:
421:
247:
15:
825:HCAA Currency Auction Catalog (Memphis)
709:
557:
536:Zander, 1996, pp. 28–31 & 36.
485:
467:
455:
852:
766:HCAA Currency Auction Catalog (Boston)
730:
660:Uhl, Ted (1982). "Walrus Skin Money".
595:
875:Russian colonization of North America
518:
418:
718:(4). Franz Steiner Verlag: 485–494.
712:Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas
252:One-issue only round 10 kopeck note.
69:The Russian-American Company (RAC) (
659:
560:The Washington Historical Quarterly
13:
797:. Bowers and Ruddy Galleries, Inc.
784:
14:
886:
59:Russian-American Company currency
579:Bickford, Ethan (24 July 2012).
551:
539:
530:
476:
446:
304:
295:
108:Issuance records for RAC scrip
102:
415:The Numismatist, 1911, p. 139.
409:
400:
391:
382:
355:
334:
29:Russian-American Company (RAC)
1:
284:
258:Alexander Andreyevich Baranov
80:on 8 July 1799. This 20-year
482:Zander, 1996, pp. 7–8.
289:
7:
617:Lightfoot, Kent G. (2003).
598:Oregon Historical Quarterly
10:
891:
62:
731:Zander, Randolph (1996).
275:
233:
221:
209:
196:
183:
171:
155:
142:
126:
121:
118:
115:
112:
865:Russian-American Company
316:
65:Russian-American Company
452:Zander, 1996, pp. 7–12.
406:Lightfoot, 2003, p. 21.
352:Lightfoot, 2003, p. 16.
25:Alaskan parchment scrip
810:Cite journal requires
675:Historical Archaeology
623:Historical Archaeology
583:. Paper Money Guaranty
379:Andrews, 1916, p. 292.
331:Wheeler, 1966, p. 492.
253:
96:on basic commodities.
21:
397:Gibson, 1976, p. 180.
361:Gibson, 1976, p. 177.
251:
19:
515:Zander, 1996, p. 12.
503:Zander, 1996, p. 11.
443:Zander, 1996, p. 13.
491:Zander, 1996, p. 9.
473:Zander, 1996, p. 8.
464:Zander, 1996, p. 7.
388:Zander, 1996, p. 5.
109:
749:"White deer skins"
687:10.1007/BF03374356
636:10.1007/BF03376620
254:
107:
92:and charged a 35%
22:
246:
245:
41:walrus skin notes
31:in the colony of
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35:. Also known as
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870:Russian America
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785:Further reading
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753:The Numismatist
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47:was printed on
43:, this type of
33:Russian America
12:
11:
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835:978-1599674674
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90:company scrip
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839:. Retrieved
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803:cite journal
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279:
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255:
136:25 & 50K
103:Scrip Issues
98:
70:
68:
40:
36:
24:
23:
662:Paper Money
527:Uhl, p. 21.
429:Uhl, p. 20.
165:10, 25, 50K
149:Card stock
133:Card stock
854:Categories
841:30 January
285:References
240:Parchment
227:Parchment
215:Parchment
203:Parchment
190:Parchment
177:Parchment
167:1, 5, 10R
162:Parchment
138:1, 5, 10R
703:163434459
653:161006359
290:Footnotes
119:Material
86:fur trade
71:full name
49:parchment
37:seal skin
860:Exonumia
741:42245543
724:41042948
695:25617008
645:25617092
610:20613514
572:40474449
256:In 1803
237:80,000
200:20,300
187:41,662
159:30,000
146:30,000
130:12,000
116:Amount
82:charter
832:
773:
739:
722:
701:
693:
651:
643:
608:
587:16 May
570:
276:Census
262:rubles
122:Denom
113:Issue
94:markup
78:Paul I
53:rubles
795:(PDF)
720:JSTOR
699:S2CID
691:JSTOR
649:S2CID
641:JSTOR
606:JSTOR
568:JSTOR
317:Notes
234:1858
222:1852
210:1848
197:1846
184:1842
172:1834
156:1826
143:1822
127:1816
45:scrip
843:2014
830:ISBN
816:help
771:ISBN
737:OCLC
589:2014
75:Tsar
683:doi
631:doi
39:or
856::
807::
805:}}
801:{{
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666:21
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627:37
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602:77
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520:^
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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