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an oil wedge that would carry the thrust. Kingsbury tested this new bearing with a modified version of his earlier screw thread testing machine. The bearing was successful with pressures of up to 4,000 psi at speeds of 285 rpm. This pressure exceeded that for common collar-type bearings by a factor of 80 to 100, thus proving the promise of the
Kingsbury bearing.
292:
as a general engineer. He used this as an opportunity to advance the development of his thrust bearings in an industrial setting. Unfortunately, the first test of his thrust bearing was a failure. His bearing overheated during the test and was discarded. This made the company skeptical of
Kingsbury's
363:
Kingsbury made important contributions to the area of boundary lubrication. He was the first to recognize that some fluid lubricants possess a friction-reducing property that is independent of viscosity, which he called 'oiliness'. His findings were of great significance since they demonstrated that
342:
was used extensively in the navy especially to transmit thrust from propeller shafts to ships' hulls (i.e., the propeller pushes water in one direction, and the
Kingsbury thrust bearing, attached to the shaft and mounted to the ship, pushes the ship in the opposite direction). In 1921, the Kingsbury
314:
Kingsbury would eventually run his own business with the
Westinghouse Machine Co. building his bearings. This allowed him to actively pursue applications for his newly patented thrust bearing. His first chance came when the Pennsylvania Water and Power Co. gave him the opportunity to demonstrate his
359:
later in his life. One of his greatest achievements was his analysis of the effects of side leakage of lubricants from bearings. By recognizing the analogy in the equations for lubrication and those for electrical flow in a conductive fluid and variable depth, Kingsbury was able to make complicated
275:
Kingsbury's research at the
University of New Hampshire led him to conceive an early Kingsbury bearing that consisted of several stationary arc segments facing a thrust collar on the rotating shaft. Each segment would have a boss on the side away from the thrust collar, allowing it to tilt and form
218:, allowed Kingsbury to fit half-bushings to the journal by scraping. His hand fitting produced the small tolerances that promoted film lubrication. These bearings, when ran showed no measurable signs of wear, and was Kingsbury's prompt to the creation of the thrust bearings which now bear his name.
334:
gave him a second chance. His bearing succeeded this time, and worked flawlessly for the next 25 years. When it was inspected after 25 years, there was so little evidence of wear that it was calculated that the bearing would last 1,300 to 1,700 years. The same bearing is still operating smoothly
364:
the hydrodynamic theory of lubrication did not describe completely the lubricating mechanism of fluids. Later work by Hardy and
Doubleday showed that this property was related to the ability of polar lubricants to adsorb and form close-packed monolayers on the sliding surfaces.
293:
invention, but
Westinghouse's skepticism did not dent Kingsbury's enthusiasm. Kingsbury would later fund his own test that proved his bearings successful. Unfortunately, Westinghouse decided to stick to more conventional ball bearings for their motors.
391:; and honorary doctorates from the University of New Hampshire and Worcester Polytechnic Institute. The Kingsbury Hall at the University of New Hampshire also pays homage to the great inventor. Albert Kingsbury was inducted into the
305:
who had a similar concept. Kingsbury was able to demonstrate that his 1898 test at the
University of New Hampshire predated Michell's work, so in 1910 Kingsbury was awarded US patent No. 947242 for the tilting pad thrust bearing.
522:
255:(ASME). His research also covered fluid lubricated bearings, and he published a paper entitled "Experiments with an Air Lubricated Bearing". It was at this university that he envisioned the Kingsbury thrust bearing.
130:
which uses a thin film of oil to support weights of up to 220 tons. This bearing extended the service life of many types of machinery during the early 20th century. It was primarily outfitted on Navy ships during
267:
to continue pursuing his interest in lubrication. He secured expansions for laboratory facilities and funding to continue his tests on a centrally pivoted thrust bearing with the aid of his students.
210:. Professor Thurston was instrumental in shaping Kingsbury's interest in bearings and tribology. Working under Professor Thurston, Kingsbury conducted tests on bearing materials for the
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thrust bearing had become so popular that
Westinghouse could no longer keep up with the demand, thus prompting Kingsbury to set up his own manufacturing plant.
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and bearings, Kingsbury enjoyed the world of arts, history, and letters. He devoted much time to the study of foreign languages. Kingsbury died in
187:. Kingsbury credited this as an important experience that led him to advance his career in engineering. Kingsbury resumed his formal education at
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Kingsbury tried to file for a U.S. patent during 1907. His initial application was rejected as a
British patent had been granted in 1905 to
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Kingsbury received many accolades for his contributions to science and engineering. He was awarded the Gold Medal of the
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Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character
1413:
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courses at the university. His new position at the university allowed him to continue pursuing his interest in
285:
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for his wide-ranging contributions to the field, Kingsbury was named as one of the 23 "Men of Tribology" by
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243:. During his time at the University of New Hampshire, he created an innovative test machine to measure
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at loads of up to 14,000 psi. The usefulness of this invention received mixed reviews from the
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160:
155:, OH in 1880. Kingsbury would eventually father five daughters. In addition to his interest in
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539:. University of New Hampshire: College of Engineering and Physical Sciences. Archived from
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8:
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to study Scientific-Latin courses. He dropped out and worked as a machine apprentice in
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obtained between the years 1902 to 1930. Kingsbury is most famous for his hydrodynamic
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Kingsbury, Alfred (1903). "A new oil-testing machine and some of its results".
127:
30:
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1159:
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701:"Men of Tribology: John Goodman (1862–1935) and Albert Kingsbury (1863–1943)"
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predictions of slider load capacity well before the advent of computers.
240:
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768:
540:
520:, Kingsbury, Albert, "Thrust-bearing", published 1910-01-25
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His first bearing was a failure as it was immediately destroyed by
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Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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191:, but he again dropped out to work as a machinist with the
202:
Kingsbury received his mechanical engineering degree from
309:
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110:(23 December 1863 – 28 July 1943) was an American
206:in 1887. It was at Cornell that he met Professor
1404:Cornell University College of Engineering alumni
1375:
766:
214:. His craftsmanship, honed by his experience in
351:Kingsbury continued to pursue his interest in
226:
752:
231:Kingsbury pursued a teaching position at the
660:"Boundary lubrication.— The paraffin series"
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235:. Within two years, he was a professor of
29:
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297:Patenting of the Kingsbury thrust bearing
271:Invention of the Kingsbury thrust bearing
621:"Frictional Characteristics of Minerals"
619:Horn, H. M.; Deere, D. U. (1962-12-01).
405:
381:American Society of Mechanical Engineers
253:American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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122:. He was responsible for over fifty
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13:
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14:
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705:Journal of Lubrication Technology
330:. Fortunately for Kingsbury, the
16:Engineer and inventor (1863–1943)
332:Pennsylvania Water and Power Co.
310:Success of the Kingsbury bearing
179:In 1884, Kingsbury attended the
142:
561:Needs, Sydney J. (1940-05-01).
493:National Inventors Hall of Fame
393:National Inventors Hall of Fame
265:Worcester Polytechnic Institute
259:Worcester Polytechnic Institute
692:
651:
612:
593:
563:"Boundary Film Investigations"
554:
529:
510:
346:
338:By World War I, the Kingsbury
1:
699:Dowson, Duncan (1979-07-01).
567:Journal of Fluids Engineering
398:
286:Westinghouse Electric Company
147:Albert Kingsbury was born in
1409:People from Morris, Illinois
247:in coarse pitch, lubricated
7:
233:University of New Hampshire
227:University of New Hampshire
163:1943, and is buried at the
10:
1435:
637:10.1680/geot.1962.12.4.319
153:Cuyahoga Falls High School
1216:
1091:
942:
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193:Warner and Swasey Company
92:
84:
76:
58:
37:
28:
21:
1357:Katepalli R. Sreenivasan
1071:Christopher C. Kraft Jr.
1399:Engineers from Illinois
987:Llewellyn M. K. Boelter
802:Robert Andrews Millikan
658:Hardy, William (1922).
1303:Siavouche Nemat-Nasser
677:10.1098/rspa.1922.0017
237:Mechanical Engineering
161:Greenwich, Connecticut
1414:ASME Medal recipients
1249:Bradford W. Parkinson
856:Edward P. Bullard Jr.
385:Elliott Cresson Medal
284:Kingsbury joined the
263:Kingsbury joined the
212:Pennsylvania Railroad
208:Robert Henry Thurston
189:Ohio State University
97:Elliott Cresson Medal
88:Engineer and inventor
1261:Richard J. Goldstein
1184:Richard H. Gallagher
1059:Horace Smart Beattie
1005:C. Richard Soderberg
874:Charles F. Kettering
543:on February 27, 2015
1291:C. Daniel Mote, Jr.
1243:Norman R. Augustine
1112:Jacob P. Den Hartog
880:Theodore von Kármán
790:Frederick A. Halsey
280:Westinghouse career
181:University of Akron
165:Green-Wood Cemetery
151:and graduated from
1394:American inventors
1339:Reginald I. Vachon
1333:Thomas J.R. Hughes
1231:Warren M. Rohsenow
1208:H. Norman Abramson
1190:Robert C. Dean Jr.
1100:Raymond D. Mindlin
993:Wilbur H. Armacost
922:Frederick G. Keyes
784:Hjalmar G. Carlson
767:Recipients of the
537:"Albert Kingsbury"
489:"Albert Kingsbury"
389:Franklin Institute
204:Cornell University
169:Brooklyn, New York
1371:
1370:
1237:Leroy S. Fletcher
1225:Arthur E. Bergles
1196:Bernard Budiansky
1178:Daniel C. Drucker
1172:Harley A. Wilhelm
1130:Jack N. Binns Sr.
1053:Robert R. Gilruth
1041:Samuel C. Collins
975:Granville M. Read
969:E. Burnley Powell
934:Harvey C. Knowles
928:Fred L. Dornbrook
904:William F. Durand
862:Stephen J. Pigott
718:10.1115/1.3453338
579:10.1115/1.4021466
375:Legacy and awards
321:Susquehanna River
315:bearing on their
105:
104:
48:December 23, 1863
1426:
1327:Zděnek P. Bažant
1297:Jan D. Achenbach
1166:William R. Sears
1077:Nicholas J. Hoff
1047:Lloyd H. Donnell
1017:Igor I. Sikorsky
981:Harry F. Vickers
892:Lewis K. Sillcox
868:James E. Gleason
826:Albert Kingsbury
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495:. Archived from
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466:"Kingsbury, Inc"
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175:Formal education
149:Morris, Illinois
108:Albert Kingsbury
101:
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23:Albert Kingsbury
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1148:Orlan W. Boston
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1065:Waloddi Weibull
951:Glenn B. Warren
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328:Hillson wiping
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499:on 2016-08-14
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143:Personal life
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85:Occupation(s)
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70:Greenwich, CT
62:July 28, 1943
61:
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53:
40:
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32:
27:
20:
1419:Tribologists
1345:Subra Suresh
1217:2000–present
1202:Frank Kreith
1011:Philip Sporn
963:Crosby Field
825:
708:
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625:Géotechnique
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545:. Retrieved
541:the original
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501:. Retrieved
497:the original
492:
469:. Retrieved
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230:
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178:
146:
137:World War II
120:entrepreneur
107:
106:
64:(1943-07-28)
1389:1943 deaths
1384:1863 births
1363:Huajian Gao
1321:J. N. Reddy
1279:Nam-pyo Suh
1136:Aaron Cohen
1029:Jan Burgers
1023:Alan Howard
347:Later years
241:lubrication
133:World War I
77:Nationality
1378:Categories
1309:Van C. Mow
1285:John Abele
769:ASME Medal
608:: 143–160.
547:2015-02-27
503:2016-05-31
471:2015-02-27
399:References
290:Pittsburgh
52:Morris, IL
44:1863-12-23
1092:1976–2000
943:1951–1975
776:1921–1950
727:0022-2305
686:0950-1207
645:0016-8505
587:0097-6822
518:US 947242
357:tribology
197:Cleveland
157:tribology
353:bearings
245:friction
116:inventor
112:engineer
80:American
387:of the
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