871:, where it continues in 2017, as Gradall Industries, Inc., a global manufacturer of telescopic boom excavators and industrial maintenance machinery. Following the purchase of Warner & Swasey by Bendix in 1980 and the purchase of Bendix by Allied Corp in 1983, ownership of Gradall shifted multiple times in the 1980's. Following the acquisition by Allied, Gradall was sold to a group of local executives who formed a partnership called GBKS. In 1985, ICM Industries, a Chicago consulting firm, purchased Gradall. In 1995 Morgan, Lewis, Githens & Ahn, a New York City investment firm acquired the company and directed an IPO, but retained a controlling interest. From 1999 to 2006, Gradall was owned by
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842:, a manufacturer of hydraulic cranes. Their six Sargent Hydra-Tower Crane models enabled the company to move into another large segment of the construction industry using hydraulic machinery. That same year the Company partnered with a Canadian paper industry association in the manufacture of the Arbomatik, a line of hydraulic tree harvesting equipment. Through corporate diversity into hydraulic construction equipment, the growing popularity and productivity of this type of
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During the early- to mid-20th century, the company was well known in
American industry. Its products, both turret lathes and instruments, played very prominent roles in the war efforts for both world wars. Warner & Swasey took part in the transition to
834:
models which complimented the
Gradall models. Badger had been formed in 1946 and developed a tractor-mounted hydraulic backhoe dubbed the "HOPTO" (Hydraulically Operated Power Take-Off) as it was driven by the tractor's power take-off.
758:
Warner & Swasey was one of the premier brands in heavy turret lathes between the 1910s and 1960s. Its chief competitors in this market segment included Jones & Lamson (Springfield, VT, USA), Gisholt (Madison, WI, USA), and
787:(1898). Instruments produced included "range finders of several types, gun-sight telescopes, battery commanders' telescopes, telescopic musket sights, and prism binoculars". Presumably, the range finders included the company's
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After nearly 20 years of successful growth, the partners realized that their business was growing enough that it should be given a formal corporate structure, so in 1900 they reorganized it under the official name of
854:
In 1946, Warner & Swasey
Company acquired the patent rights to manufacture the Gradall telescopic boom excavator from the brothers Ray and Koop Ferwerda with their manufacturing company, the FWF Corporation, of
886:, president of competitor Jones & Lamson Machine Company, a contemporary of Worcester Reed Warner and Ambrose Swasey who shared their avocations of developing better telescopes and better turret lathes.
330:, where their company would stay for the next century. They worked together for 20 years without a formal corporate agreement, during which time their partnership's principal products were various models of
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machine tools during the 1950s through 1970s, but like many other machine tool builders during those decades, it ultimately was affected by the prevailing winds of merger and acquisition in the industry.
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yielded strong business growth for the Warner & Swasey company of
Cleveland, Ohio during the years of 1946 through 1977. Badger Machine was sold to Alvis International Group in 1978.
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Military instrument contracts were an important line of work for the company. The U.S. government referred many problems concerning such instruments to the company during the
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The foundation of the Warner & Swasey
Construction Equipment Division with five product lines was started in 1946 with the development of the first production
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as a place to build their works, but they perceived the
Chicago of 1880 as too far west and lacking a sufficient labor pool of skilled machinists. So they went to
1387:, abstract of lecture by John W. Briggs, Yerkes Observatory, at the 112th annual meeting of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Pasadena, CA, July 15, 2000
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Warner & Swasey designed and built the Lick
Observatory refractor, shown here in an 1889 drawing. Alvan Clark & Sons made the 36-inch objective lens.
815:; the GRADALL®. This machine was new technology for the industry and was highly versatile and productive for a variety of work. The DUPLEX TRUCK® Company of
338:. From the beginning, the partners built both machine tools and telescopes, which reflected their interests in toolmaking, instrument-making, and astronomy.
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26-inch Warner & Swasey refractor, U.S. Naval
Observatory, 1904. Warner & Swasey name is visible on plate attached to telescope mount at lower right.
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of the era. There they both rose through the ranks, with Warner rising to be in charge of an assembly floor and Swasey rising to be foreman of the
863:, became a business of the new owner as the Gradall Division with operations in Cleveland. In the year 1946, the Gradall was the first production
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The company's 50th-anniversary book describes the firm's giant-telescope-building work as unprofitable overall but a labor of technological love.
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manufacturer was acquired in 1955 to supply truck chassis for the GRADALL and future Warner & Swasey backhoe excavator and crane products.
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The Irving Porter Church
Memorial Telescope (built in 1922) on its original Warner & Swasey mount. The 12" objective lens was polished by
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In 1880, Swasey and Warner resigned from Pratt & Whitney in order to start a machine-tool-building business together. They investigated
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In 1957 the
Company sought a broader market penetration into the hydraulic excavator market. It acquired the Badger Machine Company of
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and instrument-making, which have often overlapped technologically. In the decades after World War II, it also entered the
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The Beautiful Early Telescopes of Warner & Swasey, Including the J.A. Brashear and C.S. Hastings Optical Collaboration
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that was designed and manufactured in the United States. In July 1950, Gradall manufacturing operations were moved to
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875:. In 2006 Gradall was acquired by the Alamo Group of Seguin, Texas and formally was renamed Gradall Industries.
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department. There Swasey invented the epicycloidal milling machine for cutting true theoretical curves for the
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795:, three important kinds of instrument were produced: "musket sights, naval gun sights, and panoramic sights".
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612:(Col. Deeds 7" Refractor), Col. Deeds Homestead, currently owned by Kettering health Network, Dayton OH, USA
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441:(1916, 72-inch, reflecting). In 1919, the company's founders donated their private observatory in
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The rise and destruction of the Warner & Swasey Company: a concise case study and analysis
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acquired Warner & Swasey in 1980 for nearly $ 300 million, beating out a competing bid by
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1128:"FM 4-15 Coast Artillery Field Manual Seacoast Artillery Fire Control and Position Finding"
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In 1866, Swasey and Warner met as fellow apprentices at the Exeter Machine Works in
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of 1893, although its installation at Yerkes was apparently in 1897); and Canada's
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279:, etc.) The themes that united these various lines of business were the crafts of
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982:"Bendix Tops AMCA Bid For Warner & Swasey Both Companies Enter New Offers"
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International Catalog of Sources: Warner & Swasey Company records to 1919
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256:(1846–1937). The company was best known for two general types of products:
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A Gradall XL5100-III excavator, formerly a product of Warner & Swasey.
421:. Among the notable instruments the company built were the telescopes for
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The Company acquired in 1967, the Sargent Engineering Corporation of
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1204:"JLG Industries Sells Gradall to Alamo Group for $ 39.4M : CEG"
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The first Warner & Swasey telescope, built in 1881, was sold to
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The story of Warner & Swasey telescopes by Ernest N. Jennison
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A selection of turret lathe models between 1880 and 1920.
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List of observatories with Warner & Swasey telescopes
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1057:. Fall River, Massachusetts: Herald News. Archived from
1055:"Durfee hosting public viewings with restored telescope"
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Hildene Astronomy Club (Robert Todd Lincoln Telescope),
1130:. Military. July 29, 1940 – via Internet Archive.
1333:, Cleveland, Ohio, USA: Warner & Swasey Company.
1321:, Cleveland, Ohio, USA: Warner & Swasey Company.
1086:. New York: Goodenough & Woglom Co. p. 305.
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industry with its acquisition of the Gradall brand.
1297:, New Philadelphia, Ohio, USA: JHG Partners, LLC,
1279:, New Philadelphia, Ohio, USA: JHG Partners, LLC,
1261:, New Philadelphia, Ohio, USA: JHG Partners, LLC,
695:Tate Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy,
1445:Defunct technology companies of the United States
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1168:"Badger Equipment took men out of the ditch"
1349:, Mansfield, Ohio, USA: BookMasters, Inc.,
1345:Baracskay, Daniel; Rebar, Peter D. (2003),
1277:Load Handler Gradall LOED Materials Handler
1080:Hines, Frank T.; Ward, Franklin W. (1910).
544:(Irving Porter Church Memorial Telescope),
299:. Within a few years they went together to
1455:Manufacturing companies based in Cleveland
1331:The Warner & Swasey Company, 1880-1930
1318:The Warner & Swasey Company, 1880-1920
1294:The Gradall: A Story of American Ingenuity
1258:Warner & Swasey Construction Equipment
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120:Learn how and when to remove this message
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678:(Cooley Telescope - 9-inch Refractor),
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980:Wiggins, Phil H. (December 15, 1979).
731:, Case Western Reserve University, USA
56:Please improve this article by adding
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618:, University of Texas at Austin, USA
375:National Register of Historic Places
371:Warner & Swasey Company Building
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646:Cleveland Museum of Natural History
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1208:www.constructionequipmentguide.com
713:University of Illinois Observatory
516:Dominion Astrophysical Observatory
439:Dominion Astrophysical Observatory
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1379:26-inch USNO Refracting Telescope
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779:, illustration from a 1910 manual
761:Alfred Herbert Ltd (Coventry, UK)
496:Chabot Space & Science Center
425:(1888, 36-inch, refracting); the
1115:Warner & Swasey Company 1930
1100:Warner & Swasey Company 1930
1053:Gagne, Michael (29 April 2015).
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538:, Fall River, Massachusetts, USA
417:and had a 9.5-inch lens made by
236:was an American manufacturer of
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703:United States Naval Observatory
447:Case Western Reserve University
427:United States Naval Observatory
344:The Warner & Swasey Company
307:, which was one of the leading
1435:Instrument-making corporations
1083:The Service of Coast Artillery
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470:National University of Cordoba
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1430:Companies established in 1880
1036:"1922PA.....30...61M Page 64"
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729:Warner and Swasey Observatory
676:Stephens Memorial Observatory
604:University of Texas at Austin
580:American University of Beirut
451:Warner and Swasey Observatory
385:
69:"Warner & Swasey Company"
58:secondary or tertiary sources
719:Theodor Jacobsen Observatory
562:, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
476:Burrell Memorial Observatory
435:World's Columbian Exposition
143:; 144 years ago
7:
1460:1880 establishments in Ohio
1414:Warner & Swasey Company
1327:Warner & Swasey Company
1313:Warner & Swasey Company
878:
506:Drake Municipal Observatory
380:
234:Warner & Swasey Company
133:Warner & Swasey Company
10:
1481:
1228:"Gradall History Timeline"
1166:Seidel, Kim (2015-02-16).
859:. The Gradall, a type of
849:
789:depression position finder
777:depression position finder
775:An American Warner-Swasey
480:Baldwin Wallace University
356:computer numerical control
290:
271:and military instruments (
1409:Smith Observatory History
466:Bosque Alegre Observatory
453:grew from that facility.
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18:Warner and Swasey Company
1291:Grant, James H. (2010),
1275:Grant, James H. (2012),
1255:Grant, James H. (2016),
723:University of Washington
616:Painter Hall Observatory
610:Moraine Farm Observatory
590:University of California
319:used for cutting gears.
1450:Telescope manufacturers
739:Williams Bay, Wisconsin
715:, Urbana, Illinois, USA
697:University of Minnesota
1232:www.gradallhistory.com
1146:Construction Equipment
869:New Philadelphia, Ohio
830:, with its six HOPTO®
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799:Construction equipment
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419:Alvan Clark & Sons
406:
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229:
45:relies excessively on
1440:Machine tool builders
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670:University of Arizona
664:0.9-meter Telescope,
600:Otto Struve Telescope
401:
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309:machine tool builders
305:Hartford, Connecticut
297:Exeter, New Hampshire
250:Worcester Reed Warner
227:
163:Worcester Reed Warner
27:American manufacturer
785:Spanish–American War
767:Military instruments
656:University of Toledo
596:McDonald Observatory
566:Kirkwood Observatory
443:East Cleveland, Ohio
1142:"A Giant Excavator"
865:hydraulic excavator
861:hydraulic machinery
844:hydraulic machinery
832:hydraulic excavator
813:hydraulic excavator
642:Mueller Observatory
558:James Observatory,
553:Manchester, Vermont
542:Fuertes Observatory
500:Oakland, California
490:Washburn University
365:AMCA International.
301:Pratt & Whitney
134:
1465:Bendix Corporation
1040:adsbit.harvard.edu
986:The New York Times
809:
781:
756:
735:Yerkes Observatory
707:United States Navy
690:Denison University
686:Swasey Observatory
652:Ritter Observatory
626:Lowell Observatory
570:Indiana University
546:Cornell University
536:Durfee High School
526:Dudley Observatory
431:Yerkes Observatory
407:
396:
373:was listed on the
361:Bendix Corporation
230:
197:Bendix Corporation
132:
1356:978-0-9727196-8-1
1304:978-0-692-00667-2
1285:978-0-9853877-1-6
1268:978-0-9853877-2-3
1172:Winona Daily News
1013:, pp. 31–33.
958:, pp. 1, 14.
917:, pp. 9, 11.
905:, pp. 34–35.
828:Winona, Minnesota
817:Lansing, Michigan
636:DePauw University
632:McKim Observatory
622:Perkins Telescope
486:Crane Observatory
415:Smith Observatory
352:numerical control
277:optical gunsights
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840:Fort Dodge, Iowa
586:Lick Observatory
560:Millsaps College
510:Des Moines, Iowa
423:Lick Observatory
336:milling machines
252:(1846–1929) and
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