328:, meaning "handbook" (later misnamed "pocketbook"). The octavo was the first version of the editio minor. Although these new, portable books were not cheap, the books of the Aldine Press did not force upon their buyers a substantial investment comparable to that of large volumes of text and commentary during this era. These books consisted on an edited text issued without commentary, printed in a typeface mimicking chancery script (the cursive handwriting of the humanist), produced in a small book which could sit comfortably in the hand. The editio minor, in many ways, brought financial and logistical benefits to those interested in the classics. An individual no longer had to go to the book, but rather the book came along with them.
20:
31:
253:
186:
were already business partners, but the marriage combined the two partners' shares in the publishing business. After the marriage, Manutius lived at
Torresani's house. Shrinking in popularity, in 1506 the Aldine Press was moved to Torresani's house in the parish of San Paternian. It was later demolished in 1873 and was covered by a bank building in the Venice square,
185:
in order to produce published books from the Aldine Press. This was also the location of the "New
Academy", where a group of Manutius' friends, associates, and editors came together to translate Greek and Latin texts. In 1505, Manutius married Maria, the daughter of Torresani. Torresani and Manutius
145:
at the time, and the other half belonging to
Torresani. Manutius owned one fifth of Torresani's share of the press. Manutius was mainly in charge of the scholarship and editing, leaving financial and operating concerns to Barbarigo and Torresani. In 1496, Manutius established his own location of the
361:
Manutius died on
February 6, 1515. Following his death, the firm was run by Torresani and his daughter Maria, the widow of Manutius. The name of the press was changed in 1508 to "In the House of Aldus and Andrea Torresano," and kept this name until 1529. In 1533,
305:
is derived from early
Italian versions of italic faces, which were designed primarily in order to save on the cost of paper. The Aldine Press first used italic type in a woodcut of Saint Catherine of Siena in 1500. Their 1501 edition of Virgil's
66:, from which were issued the celebrated Aldine editions of the classics (Latin and Greek masterpieces, plus a few more modern works). The first book that was dated and printed under his name appeared in 1495.
943:
248:
was one of the scholars learned in Greek with whom the Aldine Press partnered in order to provide accurately translated text. The Aldine Press also expanded into modern languages, mainly
Italian and French.
352:
bearing an image of this device. The image of the dolphin and anchor on the coin came with the saying "Festina Lente", meaning "make haste slowly." This would later become the motto for the Aldine Press.
236:
Manutius also printed dictionaries and grammars to help people interpret the books, used by scholars wanting to learn Greek, who would employ learned Greeks in order to teach them directly. Historian
85:, the press issued 132 books during twenty years of activity under Aldus Manutius. After Manutius' death in 1515, the press was continued by his wife Maria and her father Andrea Torresani (
178:, historians regard them to be erroneously placed based on contemporaneous letters addressed to Manutius. The first erroneous plaque had been placed by Abbot don Vincenzo Zenier in 1828.
198:
The press was started by
Manutius due to a combination of his love of classics and the need for preservation of Hellenic studies. During its initial era, the press printed new copies of
133:
Aldus
Manutius, the founder of the Aldine Press, was originally a humanist scholar and a teacher. Manutius met Andrea Torresani, who had acquired publishing equipment from the widow of
1521:
310:
was the first book to be printed in italic type. The roman typeface and italic form created and pioneered by
Manutius and Griffo were highly influential in typographic development.
1556:
474:
366:
managed the firm, starting it up again and changing its name to "Heirs of Aldus and Andrea
Torresano". In 1539, the imprint changed to "Sons of Aldo Manuzio". In 1567,
935:
244:
in 1453 had placed under threat the importance and survival of Greek scholarship, but that publications such as those by the Aldine Press secured it once more.
1566:
86:
1493:
Bibliotheca Aldina: a collection of one hundred publications of Aldus Pius Manutius and the Aldine Press, including some valuable Aldine conterfeits
297:
Adapting this admired and influential roman-faced font, Manutius and Griffo went on to produce a cursive variant, the first of what is now known as
117:, effectively giving it copyright protection. Protection outside the Republic was more problematic, however. The firm maintained an agency in
1511:
1330:
1536:
1470:
Massey, Stephen C. (2023). "Bibliotheca Brookeriana: A Renaissance Library. Magnificent Books and Bindings. The Aldine Collection."
91:
1016:
1551:
1461:
996:
883:
797:
137:. The ownership of the press was originally split in two, with one half belonging to Pier Francesco Barbarigo, the nephew of
102:
then ran the firm until his death in 1597. Today, the antique books printed by the Aldine Press in Venice are referred to as
281:
scribes and notaries, had been in development from the time movable print arrived in Italy, notably by the French printer
1205:
1137:
1112:
1051:
1026:
1477:
Nuovo, Angela. 2018. “Aldus Manutius and the World of Venetian Publishing.” Andreas Vesalius and the "Fabrica" in the
1407:
1250:
1189:
849:
1441:
1398:
796:
In North America, the most substantial Aldine holdings can be found in the Ahmanson-Murphy Aldine Collection at the
19:
782:
1546:
936:"The Palaeotypography of the French Renaissance (2 Vols.) : Selected Papers on Sixteenth-Century Typefaces"
269:
Manutius eventually took on a project to improve upon the Humanistic font designs of Jenson's typefaces, hiring
1451:
1427:
1417:
1561:
805:
1070:
The Venetian Printing Press: an historical study based upon documents for the most part hitherto unpublished
274:
81:
size, similar to that of a modern paperback, and intended for portability and ease of reading. According to
1541:
777:
The most nearly complete collection of Aldine editions ever brought together was originally housed in the
1206:"Columbia University Libraries Online Exhibitions | Type to Print: The Book & The Type Specimen Book"
1389:
577:
367:
99:
1159:
An Athenian Commentary on Plato's Republic: Poetry, science and textual engagement in Proclus' In Rem
813:
541:
348:. Aldus told Erasmus six years later that Bembo had given him a silver coin minted under the Roman
285:
in 1470. Griffo developed his own further refinements of style, resulting in one of the earliest
30:
1338:
1305:
809:
1018:
CuriositĂ veneziane, ovvero origini delle denominazioni stradali di Venezia, fourth edition
786:
559:
395:
278:
237:
1446:, Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1979). II edizione, con aggiornamento bibliografico, Roma 2000.
568:
451:
of Greek texts, allowing these texts to escape the fragility of the manuscript tradition.
8:
1516:
801:
257:
225:. The two Basel editions were introduced by a Latin preface written by the Greek scholar
1074:
962:
960:
1471:
916:
586:
410:
252:
138:
114:
1486:
Annales de l'imprimerie des Aldes, ou l'histoire des trois Manuce et de leurs Ă©ditions
1073:. London & New York: New York, G. P. Putnam's sons; London, J. C. Nimmo. pp.
1457:
1246:
1185:
1133:
1108:
1047:
1022:
992:
957:
920:
879:
845:
738:
218:
1360:
1178:
370:(grandson of Aldus Manutius) took over and maintained the business until his death.
322:
Beginning in 1505, Manutius produced plain texts in a portable form, using the term
121:, but its commercial success was affected by many counterfeit editions, produced in
82:
908:
270:
562:, 1496 (the first published work of the Aldine Press using the humanist typeface).
402:
Opusculum de Herone et Leandro, quod et in Latinam Linguam ad verbum tralatum est,
324:
209:
The first edition of Plato's works (known as the Aldine edition) was dedicated to
663:
448:
363:
221:, which were also included in the first two editions of Plato's works printed in
110:
24:
1268:
Catalogue of books and Manuscripts. Part II. Italian 16th Century Books. 2 vols
1068:
912:
286:
282:
241:
226:
214:
142:
134:
59:
23:
Page from the Aldine Vergil of 1501, the first of the standard octavo Aldines.
1530:
1429:
New Aldine Studies: documentary essays on the life and work of Aldus Manutius
1105:
New Aldine studies: documentary essays on the life and work of Aldus Manutius
747:
78:
1157:
273:
to design and cut typefaces for his print editions of classical literature.
1443:
The World of Aldus Manutius: Business and Scholarship in Renaissance Venice
1171:
1169:
550:
488:
345:
1438:
Il mondo di Aldo Manuzio – Affari e cultura della Venezia del Rinascimento
298:
230:
1481:/ Edited by Rinaldo Fernando Canalis and Massimo Ciavolella Seite 19-45.
1166:
1044:
La stampa in Venezia dalla sua origine alla morte di Aldo Manuzio senior
899:
BĂĽhler, Curt F. (1950). "Aldus Manutius: The First Five Hundred Years".
790:
645:
479:
458:
210:
92:
70:
344:. "The dolphin and anchor device owed its origins most immediately to
106:, as are the letterforms and typefaces pioneered by the Aldine Press.
690:
681:
527:
503:
467:
349:
203:
170:. Though there are two commemorative plaques located on the building
404:
Musaeus, before November 1495 (Greek text) and 1497–98 (Latin text).
765:
641:
637:
628:
151:
55:
98:), until Manutius' son Paulus (1512–1574) took over. His grandson
969:
A Bibliographical Sketch of the Aldine Press at Venice: 3 Volumes
778:
378:
A partial list of publications from the Aldine Press, cited from
337:
245:
74:
756:
654:
614:
605:
596:
341:
155:
63:
77:. The press was the first to issue printed books in the small
729:
714:
672:
512:
336:
In 1501, Aldus used as his publisher's device the image of a
222:
199:
118:
1409:
Aldus Manutius: printer and publisher of Renaissance Venice
892:
699:
389:
Aldus Manutius, sometime between March 1487 and March 1491.
122:
835:
833:
831:
829:
166:(Alley of the Church), now the location of the restaurant
1497:
447:
Works published from the Greeks. Manutius printed thirty
313:
1107:. San Francisco, CA: B.M. Rosenthal, Inc. pp. 1–8.
566:
Libellus de epidemia, quam vulgo morgum Gallicum vocant,
1270:. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
869:
867:
865:
863:
861:
826:
501:
Herodoti libri novem quibus musarum indita sunt nomina,
1335:
Harry Ransom Center: The University of Texas at Austin
1557:
15th-century establishments in the Republic of Venice
706:
Florilegium diversorum epigrammatum in septem libros,
901:
The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America
858:
475:
De mysteriis Aegyptiorum, Chaldaeorum, Assyriorum...
1440:. Roma: Il Veltro, pp. 441 (Translated from:
1234:
1184:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
1177:
1130:Delle inscrizioni veneziane raccolte ed illustrate
584:Epistole devotissime de Sancta Catharina da Siena,
1488:; 3ème édition. Paris (the standard bibliography)
1283:Aldus Manutius: A Legacy More Lasting than Bronze
723:Joannes Jovianus Pontanus, May & August 1505.
548:Petri Bembi de Aetna ad Angelum Chabrielem liber,
380:Aldus Manutius: A Legacy More Lasting than Bronze
1528:
1449:
989:In Search of Aldus Manutius a campo Sant'Agostin
1391:Aldus and His Dream Book: An Illustrated Essay.
1280:
1132:. Venezia: presso G. Picotti. pp. 41–42.
626:Le cose volgari de Messer Francesco Petrarcha,
73:, among other things, for the introduction of
69:The Aldine Press is famous in the history of
34:The true first location of the Aldine Press,
1245:. San Francisco: Bernard M. Rosenthal, Inc.
1240:
1231:(New York: Morgan Library, 1995), pp. 26–27.
1102:
697:Fastorum...libri, de tristibus..., de ponto,
1175:
1041:
991:. Venice, Italy: Damocle. pp. 17–23.
844:. New York, New York: Italica Press, Inc.
435:Institutionum grammaticarum libri quatuor,
256:Aldus Manutius device commemorated in the
1567:Companies established in the 15th century
229:, who dedicated the work to the humanist
1265:
1180:The Printing Press as an Agent of Change
966:
933:
839:
251:
29:
18:
1281:George Fletcher, Scott Clemons (2015).
1127:
1046:. Venezia: F. Ongania. pp. 55–57.
1014:
497:Angeloa Ambrogini Poliziano, July 1498.
1529:
986:
898:
873:
745:Commentariorum de Bello Gallico libri,
465:Theophrastus de historia plantarum...,
423:Rudimenta grammatices latinae linguae,
206:, and other Greek and Latin classics.
1295:A Guide to Special Collections (1999)
1223:
1221:
1219:
1151:
1149:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1066:
798:University of California, Los Angeles
612:Rhetoricorum ad C. Herennium...libri,
393:Erotemata cum interpretatione Latina,
264:
1155:
1010:
1008:
982:
980:
978:
331:
162:(house number) 2343 San Polo on the
1416:Febvre, L. & Martin, H. (2001)
1241:Fletcher III, Harry George (1988).
1128:Cigogna, Emmanuele Antonio (1830).
1021:. Venezia: F. Ongania. p. 10.
878:. Canada: Firefly Books Ltd. 2015.
679:Tragaediae septem cum commentariis,
13:
1537:Book publishing companies of Italy
1382:
1216:
1146:
1121:
1081:
417:Institutiones Graecae grammatices,
292:
193:
14:
1578:
1512:Aldus Manutius exhibition at UCLA
1505:
1176:Eisenstein, Elizabeth L. (1979).
1060:
1035:
1015:Tassini, dottor Giuseppe (1887).
1005:
975:
971:. Edinburgh: Privately Published.
717:, sometime after 31 October 1504.
181:Manutius lived and worked in the
113:of works printed in Greek in the
1210:exhibitions.library.columbia.edu
1103:Fletcher III, H. George (1988).
739:Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus
495:Omnia opera Angeli Politiani...,
1353:
1323:
1298:
1289:
1274:
1259:
1198:
946:from the original on 2021-09-23
708:Greek Anthology, November 1503.
615:Marcus Tullius Cicero, (Cicero)
539:Scriptores astronomici veteres,
373:
146:press in a building called the
1456:(Hardback). New York: Viking.
1394:New York: Italica Press, 1992.
927:
437:Aldus Manutius, December 1514.
419:Urban Valeriani, January 1497.
277:, based on the formal hand of
1:
1552:1494 establishments in Europe
1285:. New York: The Grolier Glub.
819:
806:University of Texas at Austin
763:Sonetti et Canzoni. Triumphi,
486:Aristophanis Comoediae novem,
356:
154:on the campo Sant'Agostin in
128:
1517:1502, Venice: Aldus Manutius
1426:Fletcher, H. G., III (1988)
727:Vita, et Fabellae Aesopi...,
40:Calle della Chiesa, San Polo
7:
1453:Venice : A New History
1229:In praise of Aldus Manutius
772:
10:
1583:
1474:74.no.4 (winter): 710-719.
1400:Stampa e cultura in Europa
1156:Pass, David Blair (2013).
1067:Brown, Horatio F. (1891).
1042:Castellani, Carlo (1889).
934:Vervliet, Hendrik (2008).
913:10.1086/pbsa.44.3.24298605
575:Hypnerotomachia Poliphili,
425:Aldus Manutius, June 1501.
368:Aldus Manutius the Younger
100:Aldus Manutius the Younger
1522:Rylands Aldine collection
1450:Madden, Thomas F (2012).
987:Knoops, Johannes (2018).
967:Goldsmid, Edmund (1887).
557:Diaria de Bello Carolino,
429:Poetae Christiani veteres
217:and the life of Plato by
213:and included the poem of
1491:Soave, Fiammetta (1991)
842:Aldus and His Dream Book
840:Barolini, Helen (1992).
814:Brigham Young University
768:(Petrarch), August 1514.
736:Epistolarum libri decem,
652:Epistolae ad familiares,
606:Quintus Horatius Flaccus
240:claims that the fall of
16:Venetian printing office
1484:Renouard, A. A. (1834)
1413:London: British Library
1365:Exhibits of BYU Library
1266:Mortimer, Ruth (1974).
721:Urania sive de stellis,
688:Tragoediae septendecim,
597:Vergilius Maro (Virgil)
1547:Printers of incunabula
1406:Davies, Martin (1995)
1162:(Thesis). UC Berkeley.
702:(Ovid), February 1503.
673:Marcus Annaeus Lucanus
631:(Petrarch), July 1501.
587:St. Catherina of Siena
261:
47:
27:
1501:]. Rome: F. Soave
1436:Lowry, Martin (1984)
876:The Evolution of Type
874:Seddon, Tony (2015).
810:Harold B. Lee Library
657:(Cicero), April 1502.
655:Marcus Tullius Cicero
510:Omnia Platonis opera,
408:Dictionarium Graecum,
255:
33:
22:
1562:Mass media in Venice
1419:La nascita del libro
1403:. Roma-Bari: Laterza
1227:H. George Fletcher,
787:John Rylands Library
785:, and is now in the
700:Publius Ovidius Naso
675:(Lucan), April 1502.
589:, 19 September 1500.
560:Alessandro Benedetti
456:Eclogae triginta...,
396:Constantine Lascaris
279:Renaissance humanist
238:Elizabeth Eisenstein
152:Sestiere di San Polo
109:The press enjoyed a
1542:Italian Renaissance
1341:on 27 February 2013
940:eds.a.ebscohost.com
802:Harry Ransom Center
748:Gaius Julius Caesar
621:Libelli Portatiles
608:(Horace), May 1501.
449:editiones principes
314:Portable books (or
258:Library of Congress
1472:The Book Collector
1423:Roma-Bari: Laterza
1397:Braida, L. (2003)
1361:"Aldine Checklist"
1243:New Aldine Studies
766:Francesco Petrarca
629:Francesco Petrarca
544:, 17 October 1499.
411:Johannes Crastonus
387:Musarum Panagyris,
340:wrapped around an
316:libelli portatiles
265:Humanist typefaces
262:
164:Calle della Chiesa
139:Agostino Barbarigo
115:Republic of Venice
58:office started by
48:
44:campo Sant'Agostin
28:
1463:978-0-670-02542-8
1388:Barolini, Helen.
998:978-88-943223-2-3
885:978-1-77085-504-5
578:Francesco Colonna
569:Niccolò Leoniceno
542:Firmicus Maternus
506:, September 1502.
482:, September 1497.
350:Emperor Vespasian
332:Imprint and motto
260:, Washington D.C.
219:Diogenes Laertius
1574:
1467:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1348:
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1337:. Archived from
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889:
871:
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855:
837:
783:2nd Earl Spencer
750:, December 1513.
741:, November 1508.
693:, February 1503.
580:, December 1499.
553:, February 1496.
525:Deipnosophistae,
461:, February 1496.
443:, February 1514.
413:, December 1497.
275:Humanistic fonts
271:Francesco Griffo
176:Rio TerĂ Secondo
97:
94:
87:Andrea Torresano
1582:
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1479:Age of Printing
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1383:Further reading
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1061:
1054:
1040:
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949:
947:
932:
928:
897:
893:
886:
872:
859:
852:
838:
827:
822:
781:library of the
775:
759:, January 1513.
732:, October 1505.
664:Dante Alighieri
648:, January 1502.
519:Oratores Graeci
491:, 15 July 1498.
398:, 8 March 1495.
376:
364:Paulus Manutius
359:
334:
320:
295:
293:Italic typeface
287:roman typefaces
267:
196:
194:Accomplishments
135:Nicholas Jenson
131:
125:and elsewhere.
89:
25:British Library
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1506:External links
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661:Le terze rime,
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242:Constantinople
227:Simon Grynaeus
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141:, who was the
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83:Curt F. BĂĽhler
60:Aldus Manutius
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299:italic type
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480:Iamblichus
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289:produced.
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71:typography
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