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1073:. Despite an arrest warrant issued in 1987, Vogel moved freely in Poland and was eventually arrested in 1998 in Switzerland. After Vogel's extradition to Poland, in 1999 Kwaśniewski initiated the procedure of granting him amnesty. In December 2005 (a few days before leaving his office) Kwaśniewski pardoned Vogel despite the negative opinion of the procurer.
1235:. The plea agreement describes one of the heads of state involved in this secret lobbying as a "former Polish President" who "was also a representative of the European Parliament with oversight responsibility for Ukraine." At least one press report claimed that Kwaśniewski was this former Polish President.
966:, Kwaśniewski organized an international conference in Warsaw, with the participation of leaders from Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe to strengthen regional activities in fighting international terrorism. Under Kwaśniewski's leadership, Poland became a strong ally of the United States in the
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petrol concern, in March 2005. He argued that the actions of commission members, being in opposition to the leftist government supported by him, were directed against him. He sought to undermine the commission by releasing considerable amounts of information to journalists while only belatedly making
1031:
in Poland, but that activities were to be carried out in accordance to Polish law. He said that a U.S. draft memorandum had stated that "people held in Poland are to be treated as prisoners of war and will be afforded all the rights they are entitled to", but due to time constraints, the U.S. had not
890:, which he supported, he signed the instruments ratifying Poland's membership of NATO. He also took an active part in promoting further enlargement of the alliance, speaking out in favor of membership for a further seven states and the open-door policy that leaves open the option of further members.
858:
document then still in use. The failure to create a new document had been a criticism often levelled at Wałęsa. Kwaśniewski actively campaigned for its approval in the subsequent referendum, and he signed it into law on 16 July 1997. He took an active part in the efforts to secure Polish membership
791:
Political opponents disputed his victory and produced evidence to show that he had lied about his education in registration documents and public presentations. There was also some mystery over his graduation from university. A law court confirmed that Kwaśniewski had lied about his record—and this
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Hoping to be seen as "the president of all Poles", including his political opponents, he resigned from the SLD after the election. Every Polish president since then has renounced formal ties with their party upon taking office. Later, he formed a coalition with the rightist government of
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Likewise, in
December 2005, Kwasniewski pardoned the post-Communist deputy minister of Justice Zbigniew Sobotka, who had warned gangsters about a planned police operation against them. Sobotka was convicted and sentenced to jail but the presidential pardon freed
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for a post-Communist deputy minister of
Justice Zbigniew Sobotka, who had been sentenced for 3.5 years of prison for revealing a state secret (effectively, he warned gangsters about an operation against them). Kwaśniewski changed the prison sentence to
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about contemporary
European politics, the trans-Atlantic relationship, and democratization in Central and Eastern Europe. He also teaches a course on political leadership, convened by Professor Carol Lancaster, with former Spanish Prime Minister
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578:
637:. He was re-elected to a second and final term as President in 2000 in a decisive first-round victory. In line with a constitutional limit of two terms, his second term ended on 23 December 2005. According to a 2020 poll conducted by
662:
An activist in the communist student movement until 1982, he held, among other positions, the chairmanship of the
University Council of the Socialist Union of Polish Students (SZSP) from 1976 to 1977 and the vice-chairmanship of the
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constituency in 1991, he won the largest number of votes (148,533), although did not win an absolute majority. Kwaśniewski headed the parliamentary caucus of the
Democratic Left Alliance in his first and second terms (1991–1995).
846:
in 1994. First Kwaśniewski denied ever meeting
Alganov and filed a libel suit against the newspaper. Eventually, Kwaśniewski admitted that he had met Alganov on official occasions, but denied meeting him in Cetniewo.
429:
1069:) he was granted a passport and allowed to leave the country. He returned in 1990 soon earning the nickname "the accountant of the Left" as a former Swiss banker who took care of more than thirty accounts of Polish
1085:. Kwaśniewski argued, that the constitution did not allow parliamentary commissions to investigate the president, and there were no clear law opinions. The commission decided eventually not to summon Kwaśniewski.
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1937:. In 2005, at the end of his second presidential term, the couple finalised their marriage in a low-key Catholic ceremony presided by Kwaśniewski's former presidential chaplain, in the presidential chapel.
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case. The story goes back to 1971 when Piotr
Filipczyński, a.k.a. Peter Vogel was sentenced to 25 years in jail for a brutal murder (shortened to 15 years in 1979). Surprisingly enough, in 1983 (during
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Kwaśniewski was also involved with the EU talks with the
Ukrainian government about the association agreement with the EU that the Ukrainian parliament failed to ratify in November 2013. After the
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of the
Republic of Poland (SdRP) from January to February 1990, and its first chairman until he assumed the presidency in December 1995. He was also one of the founding members of the coalition
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1111:– SB), from 1983 to 1989. Kwaśniewski himself denied having been an agent in a special statement, demanded from politicians by Polish law, and a court confirmed his statement.
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posed to the region, he submitted a draft of a convention on fighting organised crime to the UN in 1996. He was an active participant at meetings of regional leaders in
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He was an author of the 2002 Riga
Initiative, a forum for cooperation between Central European states, aimed towards further enlargement of NATO and the European Union.
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Kwasniewski had maintained a commanding lead in opinion polls, despite Solidarity attack ads that included video of him and an aide appearing to mock Polish-born Pope
3232:"Dostluk İlişkilerine Katkının Altın Sembolü: Devlet ve Cumhuriyet Nişanları (Turkish) - The Gold Symbol Contribution of Friendly Relations: State and Republic Orders"
587:
from 1995 to 2005. His tenure as President was marked by modernization of Poland, rapid economic growth (Poland's GDP has doubled in ten years), the drafting of a new
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in 1997, at which the two countries' presidents signed a treaty of friendship. Poland subsequently became one of the strongest advocates of Lithuanian membership in
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1193:, a nonpartisan, nonprofit based in New York City focused on promoting effective public-private collaboration to create a more prosperous and sustainable future.
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He was a member of the Foreign Affairs Committee and chairman of the Constitutional Committee of the National Assembly from November 1993 to November 1995.
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in Europe. In 2000 he was re-elected in a single round, collecting 53.9 percent of the vote. His election campaign slogan was: "A home for all—Poland" (
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1880:, the Order of Saint Magdalena, first degree with decorations (1998). He received the television "Wiktor" prize three times (1993, 1995, and 2000).
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had campaigned for approval of the EU accession treaty in June 2003. He strongly supported including mention of Europe's Christian roots into the
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admitted to organizing a group of former European heads of state to illegally lobby, starting in 2011, on behalf of then-Ukrainian president
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on 23 December 1995. Later the same day, he was sworn in as Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces at the Warszawa First Fighter Wing, in
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Kwaśniewski refused in 2003 to face a special parliamentary commission, which was set up to reveal all circumstances linked with
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revealed that Kwaśniewski was registered during communist times as an agent "Alek" of the secret police, the Security Service (
959:). To date, this is the only time since the end of Communism that a presidential election has been decided in a single round.
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509:
3208:: 1st Class received in 1997 (click on "Holders of the Order of the 1st Class White Double Cross" to see the holders' table)
1204:, who signed the EU association agreement for Ukraine in 2014, Kwaśniewski took up in a director's post in the gas company ″
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1215:(IAC) to Uzbekistan. In 2020, he assumed the position of Chair of the Eastern Europe and Central Asia Commission on Drugs.
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An advocate of regional cooperation in Central and Eastern Europe, Kwaśniewski hosted a summit of the region's leaders at
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831:. At one moment, support for Kwaśniewski reached as high as 80% in popularity polls; most of the time it was over 50%.
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His political course resembled that of Wałęsa's in several key respects, such as the pursuit of closer ties to the
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did not come to light until after the election—but did not penalise him for it. Kwaśniewski took the presidential
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in the communist government during the 1980s. After the fall of Communism, he became a leader of the centre-left
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For a second time Kwaśniewski refused as a witness to face the commission investigating the privatization of
2352:"Aleksander Kwaśniewski - wykształcenie, działalność polityczna i życie prywatne. Wszystko w jednym miejscu"
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on improving interreligious and interethnic relations on the continent. The organization is co-chaired by
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in Kiev, Ukraine and a member of the International Honorary Council of the European Academy of Diplomacy.
682:
From November 1981 to February 1984 he was the editor-in-chief of the communist-controlled student weekly
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On 7 March 2006, Kwaśniewski was appointed Distinguished Scholar in the Practice of Global Leadership at
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with few major conflicts and on several occasions, he stood against movements of the SLD government of
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Union from 1977 to 1979. Kwaśniewski was a member of the SZSP supreme authorities from 1977 to 1982.
2448:"Statement on NATO Enlargement by H. E. Aleksander Kwasniewski, President of the Republic of Poland"
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655:, although he never graduated. He became politically active at this time, and joined the ruling
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in 1997. Poland is an overwhelmingly Roman Catholic country, and Kwasniewski is an atheist.
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were promised membership; and the Washington summit, where on 26 February 1999, during the
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from 1984 to 1985. He was a co-founder of the first computer-science periodical in Poland,
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8:
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2422:"Joint Statement by President George W. Bush and Polish President Aleksander Kwasniewski"
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1005:, and according to some commentators, he played the major role in its peaceful solution.
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government, and then Chairman of the Committee for Youth and Physical Culture till 1990.
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73:
2121:"Sondaż dla "Rzeczpospolitej": Aleksander Kwaśniewski najlepszym prezydentem w historii"
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became a reality on 1 May 2004, during Kwaśniewski's second term. Both he and his wife
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Beata Pasek (2000). "Ex-communist Kwasniewski wins second term as Polish president".
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Grand Crosses Special Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
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Cox-Kwasniewski mission to visit Ukraine in late March, planning to visit Tymoshenko
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From 1973 to 1977, Kwaśniewski studied Transport Economics and Foreign Trade at the
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in December 2014, Kwaśniewski admitted that he had agreed in 2003 to host a secret
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Kwaśniewski was an activist in the Student Sports Union from 1975 to 1979 and the
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Grand Crosses with Chain of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary (civil)
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Ukraine welcomes prolongation of Cox-Kwasniewski mission until fall, says Kozhara
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583:; born 15 November 1954) is a Polish politician and journalist. He served as the
571:
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2526:
1275:
Aleksander Kwaśniewski has been honored to date with the following decorations:
696:, in 1985. From 1985 to 1987, Kwaśniewski was Minister for Youth Affairs in the
643:, Kwaśniewski was considered the best president in post-1989 history of Poland.
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in a civil ceremony. They have one child: a daughter, Aleksandra (born 1981).
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20:
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1968:
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Commander Grand Cross, with Collar, of the Order of the White Rose of Finland
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signed the memorandum. The U.S. had conducted activities in great secrecy at
1001:, in late 2004 he became a mediator in a political conflict in Ukraine – the
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855:
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733:(PKOL); he later served as PKOL president from 1988 to 1991. Running for the
108:
2806:
2172:"Dane osoby z katalogu kierowniczych stanowisk partyjnych i państwowych PRL"
1894:
as a recognition of his outstanding achievements in the field of government.
819:
of state-owned enterprises, although with less energy than his predecessor.
718:
As the PZPR was wound up, he became a founding member of the post-communist
633:
Kwaśniewski was elected to the presidency in 1995, defeating the incumbent,
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He headed Poland's delegation at the 1997 Madrid summit, where Poland, the
2038:"Aleksander Kwasniewski | Biography, Presidency, & Facts | Britannica"
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Kwaśniewski's greatest achievement was his ability to bring about a new
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2836:
2658:"Polish president admits Poland agreed to host secret CIA 'black site'"
2611:"Wywiady zagraniczne – Rok 2003 – NRC Handelsblad, 27 września 2003 r."
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In December 2005, when his presidency was coming to an end, he granted
1028:
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leader. Kwaśniewski's campaign slogans were "Let's choose the future" (
546:
296:
2001:
Aleksander Kwaśniewski, Polish politician at Encyclopaedia Britannica.
760:
receiving praises by supporters after his presidential victory in 1995
4284:
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
1313:
1082:
1050:
936:
3173:"Semakan Penerima Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang, dan Pingat Persekutuan"
2063:"European Mediators and Ukraine's Orange Revolution | Wilson Center"
1342:(March 1996); Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished
939:, Kwaśniewski was a driving force behind the presidential summit in
909:
599:(2004). In 2004, he brokered a pro-democratic agreement during the
4294:
Recipients of the Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana
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1302:
First Class, Grand Master of the Order and President of the Chapter
1045:
975:
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659:(PZPR) in 1977, remaining a member until it was dissolved in 1990.
4289:
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
4274:
Grand Crosses of the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas
3441:
3265:
2579:"Atheist premier attacks lack of Christianity in EU constitution"
1934:
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Limited″ which owns licenses for the major Ukrainian gas fields.
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for his contributions to the building of the European community.
1147:
in Europe, prepare practical recommendations to governments and
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Atheist premier attacks lack of Christianity in EU constitution
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4299:
Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 1st class
1247:
Aleksander Kwaśniewski during the 2013 European Economic Forum
981:
Poland was in charge of a sector of Iraq after the removal of
711:, he co-chaired the task group for trade-union pluralism with
3048:"AP Interview: Ex-Polish president defends Biden and Burisma"
2711:
1815:
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978:, a move that was highly controversial in Poland and Europe.
917:
2732:"Kwasniewski's chekist service killed his chance to head UN"
1324:(1999); Order of Vytautas the Great with Golden Chain (2005)
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2997:"After Kyiv Snub, Kwasniewski Says EU-Ukraine Deal Is Off"
2876:[President will not stand before the commission].
2252:(in Polish). Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Interpress. p. 375.
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3152:
Volks krant, State visit of Netherlands in Poland, 1997,
1227:
on 14 September 2018, former Donald Trump campaign chair
1025:
3396:"Kwaśniewscy razem już od 30 lat! A ślub brali dwa razy"
2784:
Indulski, Grzegorz; Rigendinger, Balz (8 January 2006).
1056:
Another case of Kwaśniewski's controversial granting of
935:
After a history of sometimes acrimonious relations with
3347:(in Polish). Nowości: Dziennik Toruński. 6 January 2006
1876:
Kwaśniewski was awarded the highest distinction of the
1143:, a not-for-profit organization established to monitor
1873:(2005). In 2010, became an honorary citizen of Warsaw.
1139:
In 2008 Aleksander Kwaśniewski became Chairman of the
1132:. He is also Chairman of the supervisory board of the
1096:
4309:
Recipients of the Order of Merit (Ukraine), 1st class
4279:
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
1338:: Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable
838:
reported that Kwaśniewski had met former KGB officer
646:
1944:
1219:
Possible illegal lobbying on behalf of Paul Manafort
686:, then editor-in-chief of the daily communist youth
4354:
Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)
4344:
Candidates in the 1995 Polish presidential election
4339:
Candidates in the 2000 Polish presidential election
3122:"Prosecutors expose dark arts of Manafort lobbying"
2783:
2277:. Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego.
1255:President Kwaśniewski greets President of the U.S.
1022:
Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture
3129:
2649:
1905:for his merits in favour of a peaceful end to the
19:"Kwasniewski" redirects here. For other uses, see
4349:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Star of Romania
4329:Recipients of the National Order of Merit (Malta)
2275:Partie i koalicje polityczne III Rzeczypospolitej
1766:Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
811:. Kwaśniewski also continued the transition to a
764:In an often bitter campaign, Kwaśniewski won the
4190:
3311:
2499:"Polish President Wins Election For Second Term"
2013:"GDP, current prices | Billions of U.S. dollars"
1897:In 2009, he was the co-recipient (together with
1200:had installed the transitional government under
1141:European Council on Tolerance and Reconciliation
4304:Grand Crosses of the Order of Polonia Restituta
3246:
2576:
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2900:(in Polish). 27 September 2007. Archived from
2729:
2250:Kto jest kim w Polsce: informator biograficzny
1909:. He was also the co-recipient (together with
4254:Collars of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
4045:
3849:
3548:
2715:(in Polish). 16 December 2005. Archived from
2691:(in Polish). 17 December 2005. Archived from
2349:
4359:Recipients of the Order of Outstanding Merit
3562:
3252:"I am an atheist and everybody knows it..."
3098:"Re: United States vs. Paul J. Manafort, Jr"
3045:
1892:Common Wealth Award of Distinguished Service
1750:"in recognition of the Special Merit" (2002)
1322:Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas
86:23 December 1995 – 23 December 2005
3317:
3221:of President, his wife and the Royal Family
2916:"Former Polish President Joins SFS Faculty"
2849:
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160:30 January 1990 – 23 December 1995
4264:Grand Collars of the Order of Prince Henry
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3453:Aleksander Kwaśniewski – official web page
3217:Belgian royal official site, Gala dinner,
2148:Czas gniewu: rozkwit i upadek imperium SLD
1843:International: Gold Order of Merit of the
1267:Kwaśniewski with the President of Ireland
1189:Since 2011, Kwaśniewski has served on the
772:, against 48.3 percent for the incumbent,
768:, collecting 51.7 percent of votes in the
620:Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland
57:
2248:Mackiewicz, Lubomir; Żołna, Anna (1993).
2150:. Warsaw: Czerwone i czarne. p. 22.
2145:
1845:International Amateur Athletic Federation
1712:Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary
1125:Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service
900:in 1996. Speaking out against the danger
748:
2685:[Kwaśniewski pardoned Sobotka].
2577:Evans-Pritchard, Ambrose (4 June 2003).
1658:Order of the State of Republic of Turkey
1416:Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer
1262:
1250:
1242:
1093:it available to the commission members.
1039:
1007:
922:
865:
752:
669:
4249:Walsh School of Foreign Service faculty
1546:Order of Infant Henry with Grand Ribbon
1176:criminal cases against Yulia Tymoshenko
1134:International Centre for Policy Studies
591:(1997), and the accession of Poland to
4259:Collars of the Order of the White Lion
4191:
1362:Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
927:Kwaśniewski with Dutch Prime Minister
4334:Polish Round Table Talks participants
4033:
3837:
3536:
2892:"Kwaśniewski oszukiwał nawet esbeków"
2804:
2709:[Zbigniew Sobotka pardoned].
1850:International: Medal of Merit of the
1678:with Sash and Great Star (April 2001)
997:. Thanks to his close relations with
570:
16:President of Poland from 1995 to 2005
4244:Democratic Left Alliance politicians
4239:Members of the Polish Sejm 1993–1997
4234:Members of the Polish Sejm 1991–1993
4224:Polish United Workers' Party members
2874:"Prezydent nie stanie przed komisją"
1926:In 1979, Kwaśniewski married lawyer
1562:: Grand Cross (or 1st Class) of the
1225:filed in United States Federal court
4269:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
3367:"Kwaśniewscy wzięli ślub kościelny"
3273:"Polish president wins second term"
3128:. 15 September 2018. Archived from
2850:Pijaczyński, Marcin (1 July 2003).
2527:"Poland was 'misled' over Iraq WMD"
2402:East European Constitutional Review
2273:Paszkiewicz, Krystyna Anna (2004).
1582:Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana
1380:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
1211:In 2019, he became a Member of the
1123:, where he teaches students in the
1097:Member of secret police allegations
870:Kwaśniewski with Russian President
622:, a successor to the former ruling
13:
1114:
647:Early political career (1973–1995)
14:
4370:
4067:2000 Polish presidential election
3871:1995 Polish presidential election
3422:
3046:Vanessa Gera (28 November 2019).
2616:(in Polish). 2003. Archived from
2350:Olga Szarycka (29 October 2021).
1982:2005 Polish presidential election
1887:Award for opposing anti-Semitism.
1622:Grand Chain of the Order of Merit
1580:: Grand Cross with Ribbon of the
1524:Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise
1344:Order of St Michael and St George
1103:Institute of National Remembrance
1016:in Washington, D.C., October 2005
572:[alɛˈksandɛrkfaˈɕɲɛfskʲi]
4095:
3899:
3593:
3440:
3428:
2656:Matthew Day (10 December 2014).
1961:
1947:
1921:
1808:
1790:
1772:
1754:
1736:
1718:
1700:
1682:
1664:
1646:
1628:
1610:
1592:
1570:
1552:
1534:
1512:
1494:
1476:
1458:
1440:
1422:
1404:
1386:
1368:
1350:
1328:
1306:
1280:
1191:Leadership Council for Concordia
1162:Since June 2012 Kwaśniewski and
1012:Kwaśniewski with U.S. President
533:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
4324:Recipients of the Olympic Order
3388:
3359:
3333:
3224:
3211:
3191:
3165:
3146:
3114:
3090:
3065:
3039:
3009:
3002:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
2989:
2964:
2934:
2908:
2884:
2866:
2843:
2819:
2798:
2777:
2765:The institute of world politics
2758:
2736:The Institute of World Politics
2723:
2699:
2683:"Kwaśniewski ułaskawił Sobotkę"
2675:
2624:
2603:
2570:
2545:
2519:
2491:
2466:
2440:
2414:
2411:. Volume 6 Number 4. Fall 1997.
2395:
2370:
2343:
2317:
2291:
2266:
2241:
2216:
1838:International Olympic Committee
1564:Order of the White Double Cross
1506:Order of the Crown of the Realm
277:
3258:, by Ambrose Evans-Pritchard,
2835:. 10 July 2003. Archived from
2707:"Zbigniew Sobotka ułaskawiony"
2190:
2164:
2139:
2113:
2080:
2055:
2030:
2005:
1994:
1782:: Grand Cordon of the Supreme
1694:Order of Isabella the Catholic
1213:International Advisory Council
951:and the strongest advocate of
834:In 1997, the Polish newspaper
148:Leader of the Social Democracy
38:, sometimes transliterated as
1:
3572:Kingdom of Poland (1917–1918)
3234:. Haberler.com. February 2013
2774:, retrieved on 1 January 2007
2088:""For our freedom and yours""
1987:
1746:: Special Grand Cross of the
1470:Order of the Netherlands Lion
766:presidential election in 1995
678:'s talk show in December 1994
2127:(in Polish). 2 February 2020
1890:In 2007, he was awarded the
1883:In 2006, he was awarded the
1676:Grand Order of King Tomislav
1604:Order of the Star of Romania
1504:: Honorary Recipient of the
1468:: Knight Grand Cross of the
1360:: Knight Grand Cross of the
1076:
703:He joined the government of
657:Polish United Workers' Party
624:Polish United Workers' Party
236:Polish United Workers' Party
7:
2858:(in Polish). Archived from
2815:. Vol. 50, no. 6.
2805:Hadaj, Marcin (June 2003).
1940:
1730:Order of the Southern Cross
1320:(1996), Grand Cross of the
1318:Order of Vytautas the Great
1149:international organisations
985:. Polish membership of the
10:
4375:
3651:Polish government-in-exile
3341:"Tajny ślub Kwaśniewskich"
2880:(in Polish). 7 March 2005.
2146:Krasowski, Robert (2014).
1852:European Olympic Committee
1820:Order of the Chrysanthemum
1784:Order of the Chrysanthemum
1300:Order of Polonia Restituta
784:) and "A Poland for all" (
626:, and a co-founder of the
25:
18:
4170:
4104:
4093:
4079:
3996:
3930:
3908:
3897:
3883:
3824:
3761:
3694:
3649:
3602:
3591:
3570:
3521:
3512:
3504:
3499:
3489:
3479:
3469:
3197:Slovak republic website,
2378:"Aleksander Kwasiniewski"
1728:: Collar of the National
1398:Royal Order of Saint Olav
1238:
1020:After the release of the
964:11 September 2001 attacks
842:at the Baltic sea resort
557:
541:
529:
309:
295:
287:
262:
229:
218:
195:
190:
186:
174:
164:
153:
146:
134:
122:
90:
79:
72:
68:
56:
49:
3696:Polish People's Republic
3564:Heads of state of Poland
3470:Party political offices
3154:Photo with Queen Beatrix
3073:"Aleksander Kwaśniewski"
2942:"Aleksander Kwaśniewski"
2827:"Endgame Sans President"
2632:"Aleksander Kwasniewski"
2553:"Aleksander Kwaśniewski"
2474:"Aleksander Kwasniewski"
2407:2 September 2006 at the
2325:"Aleksander Kwaśniewski"
2299:"Aleksander Kwaśniewski"
2224:"Aleksander Kwasniewski"
2204:(in Polish). 1 June 2009
2198:"Aleksander Kwaśniewski"
1818:: Collar of the Supreme
1452:Order of the Three Stars
1292:Order of the White Eagle
1157:Viatcheslav Moshe Kantor
854:to replace the modified
731:Polish Olympic Committee
724:Democratic Left Alliance
709:Round-Table negotiations
676:Andrzej Tadeusz Kijowski
628:Democratic Left Alliance
246:Democratic Left Alliance
3943:Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz
3630:Stanisław Wojciechowski
1903:Knight of Freedom Award
1802:Order of the White Lion
1586:Order of the White Star
1434:Order of the White Rose
931:in Warsaw, October 2003
874:in Moscow, October 2001
720:Social Democratic Party
715:and Romuald Sosnowski.
117:Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz
101:Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz
4087:Aleksander Kwaśniewski
4065:← Candidates in the
3891:Aleksander Kwaśniewski
3869:← Candidates in the
3783:Aleksander Kwaśniewski
3447:Aleksander Kwaśniewski
3445:Quotations related to
3435:Aleksander Kwaśniewski
1878:Polish Orthodox Church
1832:International: Golden
1638:: Grand Cordon of the
1584:(1998); Collar of the
1290:: Grand Master of the
1272:
1260:
1248:
1170:monitoring mission in
1017:
932:
875:
852:Constitution of Poland
761:
749:Presidency (1995–2005)
679:
674:Kwaśniewski (left) on
564:Aleksander Kwaśniewski
549:.kwasniewskialeksander
291:Aleksandra Kwaśniewska
51:Aleksander Kwaśniewski
4209:People from Białogard
3661:Władysław Raczkiewicz
3476:Position established
3204:13 April 2016 at the
2852:"Prezydent odetchnął"
2807:"Poland: Paper Chase"
2770:17 March 2007 at the
1871:University of Vilnius
1865:in Jerusalem (2004),
1764:: Grand Cross of the
1710:: Grand Cross of the
1692:: Grand Cross of the
1656:: First Class of the
1602:: Grand Cross of the
1450:: Grand Cross of the
1432:: Grand Cross of the
1396:: Grand Cross of the
1316:: Grand Cross of the
1266:
1254:
1246:
1121:Georgetown University
1108:Służba Bezpieczeństwa
1067:martial law in Poland
1040:Controversial pardons
1011:
995:European Constitution
957:Dom wszystkich—Polska
926:
869:
756:
673:
568:Polish pronunciation:
4229:Presidents of Poland
3983:Kazimierz Piotrowicz
3811:Bronisław Komorowski
3793:Bronisław Komorowski
3711:Franciszek Trąbalski
3437:at Wikimedia Commons
3159:4 March 2016 at the
3017:"Board of Directors"
2730:Marek Chodakiewicz.
2719:on 24 February 2012.
2695:on 31 December 2006.
2067:www.wilsoncenter.org
1977:Presidents of Poland
1933:He identifies as an
1859:doctor honoris causa
1526:, 1st class (1997);
1223:In a plea agreement
1153:European Jewish Fund
929:Jan Peter Balkenende
782:Wybierzmy przyszłość
653:University of Gdańsk
614:, and served as the
612:University of Gdańsk
302:University of Gdańsk
170:Position established
4127:Janusz Korwin-Mikke
4122:Jarosław Kalinowski
3948:Janusz Korwin-Mikke
3773:Wojciech Jaruzelski
3753:Wojciech Jaruzelski
3728:Aleksander Zawadzki
3686:Ryszard Kaczorowski
3671:Stanisław Ostrowski
3580:Provisional Council
3515:President of Poland
3134:on 10 December 2022
3005:. 21 November 2013.
2620:on 29 October 2005.
1867:Kyiv-Mohyla Academy
1271:in Dublin, Ireland.
1168:European Parliament
705:Mieczysław Rakowski
589:Polish Constitution
585:president of Poland
74:President of Poland
63:Kwaśniewski in 2012
4147:Andrzej Olechowski
4132:Marian Krzaklewski
3763:Republic of Poland
3743:Józef Cyrankiewicz
3717:Władysław Kowalski
3619:Gabriel Narutowicz
3604:Republic of Poland
3500:Political offices
3406:. 20 December 2009
2952:on 2 February 2014
2839:on 22 August 2003.
2812:World Press Review
2504:The New York Times
2454:. 21 November 2002
2042:www.britannica.com
1827:Order of the Smile
1714:with Collar (2001)
1530:, 1st class (2005)
1436:with Collar (1997)
1364:with Collar (1996)
1273:
1261:
1249:
1184:Valeriy Ivaschenko
1018:
972:contributed troops
933:
876:
762:
713:Tadeusz Mazowiecki
680:
305:(Did not graduate)
251:Left and Democrats
4219:Polish socialists
4186:
4185:
4112:Dariusz Grabowski
4074:
4064:
4027:
4026:
3988:Tadeusz Zieliński
3923:
3878:
3868:
3831:
3830:
3805:Grzegorz Schetyna
3799:Bogdan Borusewicz
3738:Marian Spychalski
3531:
3530:
3522:Succeeded by
3490:Succeeded by
3433:Media related to
3307:. 4 January 2006.
2157:978-83-7700-148-6
1907:Orange Revolution
1863:Hebrew University
1696:with Chain (2001)
1340:Order of the Bath
1298:); Knight of the
1233:Viktor Yanukovych
1003:Orange Revolution
665:Gdańsk Voivodship
616:Minister of Sport
601:Orange Revolution
561:
560:
4366:
4152:Bogdan Pawłowski
4105:Other candidates
4099:
4070:
4060:
4054:
4047:
4040:
4031:
4030:
4019:Bogdan Pawłowski
4014:Leszek Moczulski
4009:Marek Markiewicz
3931:Other candidates
3921:
3903:
3874:
3864:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3835:
3834:
3748:Henryk Jabłoński
3681:Kazimierz Sabbat
3676:Edward Raczyński
3597:
3557:
3550:
3543:
3534:
3533:
3505:Preceded by
3483:Social Democracy
3467:
3466:
3444:
3432:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3304:The Warsaw Voice
3295:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3279:. 9 October 2000
3269:
3263:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3228:
3222:
3215:
3209:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3175:. Archived from
3169:
3163:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3133:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3102:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3023:. Archived from
3013:
3007:
3006:
2993:
2987:
2984:Interfax-Ukraine
2975:Interfax-Ukraine
2968:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2948:. Archived from
2938:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2922:on 17 March 2006
2918:. Archived from
2912:
2906:
2905:
2904:on 5 March 2009.
2888:
2882:
2881:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2862:on 19 July 2011.
2847:
2841:
2840:
2832:The Warsaw Voice
2823:
2817:
2816:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2781:
2775:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2749:
2747:
2742:on 17 March 2007
2738:. Archived from
2727:
2721:
2720:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2591:on 17 April 2004
2587:. Archived from
2574:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2507:. 9 October 2000
2495:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2418:
2412:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2009:
2003:
1998:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1957:
1955:Biography portal
1952:
1951:
1950:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1800:: Collar of the
1796:
1794:
1793:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1640:Order of Leopold
1634:
1632:
1631:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1606:with Sash (1999)
1598:
1596:
1595:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1206:Burisma Holdings
1130:José María Aznar
1071:social democrats
840:Vladimir Alganov
798:Mińsk Mazowiecki
698:Zbigniew Messner
689:Sztandar Młodych
582:
581:
580:
574:
569:
553:
550:
548:
537:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
281:
279:
241:Social Democracy
209:
206:15 November 1954
205:
203:
191:Personal details
177:
167:
158:
137:
125:
93:
84:
61:
47:
46:
4374:
4373:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4363:
4214:Polish atheists
4189:
4188:
4187:
4182:
4166:
4162:Tadeusz Wilecki
4142:Jan Łopuszański
4117:Piotr Ikonowicz
4100:
4091:
4075:
4058:
4028:
4023:
3992:
3973:Waldemar Pawlak
3926:
3904:
3895:
3879:
3862:
3832:
3827:
3820:
3765:
3757:
3723:Bolesław Bierut
3706:Bolesław Bierut
3698:
3690:
3653:
3645:
3641:Ignacy Mościcki
3614:Józef Piłsudski
3606:
3598:
3589:
3585:Regency Council
3566:
3561:
3527:
3518:
3510:
3495:
3486:
3425:
3420:
3419:
3409:
3407:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3379:
3377:
3375:Gazeta Wyborcza
3365:
3364:
3360:
3350:
3348:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3320:The Independent
3316:
3312:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3282:
3280:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3251:
3247:
3237:
3235:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3216:
3212:
3206:Wayback Machine
3196:
3192:
3182:
3180:
3179:on 19 July 2019
3171:
3170:
3166:
3161:Wayback Machine
3151:
3147:
3137:
3135:
3126:Financial Times
3120:
3119:
3115:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3081:
3079:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3056:
3054:
3044:
3040:
3030:
3028:
3015:
3014:
3010:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2986:(19 March 2013)
2978:
2977:(18 April 2013)
2969:
2965:
2955:
2953:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2925:
2923:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2848:
2844:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2803:
2799:
2782:
2778:
2772:Wayback Machine
2763:
2759:
2745:
2743:
2728:
2724:
2705:
2704:
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2688:Gazeta Wyborcza
2681:
2680:
2676:
2666:
2664:
2662:Daily Telegraph
2654:
2650:
2640:
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2630:
2629:
2625:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2594:
2592:
2584:telegraph.co.uk
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2550:
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2536:
2534:
2533:. 18 March 2004
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2409:Wayback Machine
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2125:Onet Wiadomości
2119:
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2086:
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2081:
2071:
2069:
2061:
2060:
2056:
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2019:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1967:
1962:
1960:
1953:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1924:
1869:(2005) and the
1825:International:
1809:
1807:
1791:
1789:
1773:
1771:
1755:
1753:
1737:
1735:
1719:
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1423:
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1405:
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1387:
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1369:
1367:
1351:
1349:
1329:
1327:
1307:
1305:
1281:
1279:
1241:
1221:
1174:to monitor the
1117:
1115:Post-presidency
1099:
1079:
1042:
902:organized crime
888:Kosovo conflict
751:
726:(SLD) in 1991.
649:
610:, attended the
606:He was born in
595:(1999) and the
576:
575:
567:
545:
525:
320:
319:
304:
283:
280: 1979)
275:
271:
254:
249:
244:
239:
231:
230:Other political
219:Political party
210:
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201:
199:
175:
165:
159:
154:
135:
123:
115:
111:
107:
103:
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91:
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64:
52:
43:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4372:
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4316:
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4184:
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4174:
4172:
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4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4137:Andrzej Lepper
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4108:
4106:
4102:
4101:
4094:
4092:
4090:
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4077:
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4057:
4056:
4049:
4042:
4034:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4004:Lech Kaczyński
4000:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3963:Andrzej Lepper
3960:
3955:
3953:Tadeusz Koźluk
3950:
3945:
3940:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3927:
3925:
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3915:
3913:
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3860:
3853:
3846:
3838:
3829:
3828:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3802:
3796:
3790:
3788:Lech Kaczyński
3785:
3780:
3775:
3769:
3767:
3766:(1990–present)
3759:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3714:
3708:
3702:
3700:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3666:August Zaleski
3663:
3657:
3655:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3632:
3627:
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3616:
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3574:
3568:
3567:
3560:
3559:
3552:
3545:
3537:
3529:
3528:
3525:Lech Kaczyński
3523:
3520:
3511:
3506:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3488:
3481:Leader of the
3478:
3472:
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3465:
3464:
3455:
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3424:
3423:External links
3421:
3418:
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3387:
3358:
3345:nowosci.com.pl
3332:
3310:
3290:
3264:
3262:, 4 June 2003.
3245:
3223:
3210:
3190:
3164:
3145:
3113:
3089:
3064:
3038:
3027:on 14 May 2014
3008:
2988:
2963:
2933:
2907:
2883:
2865:
2842:
2818:
2797:
2786:"Kasjer Vogel"
2776:
2757:
2722:
2698:
2674:
2648:
2623:
2602:
2569:
2544:
2531:news.bbc.co.uk
2518:
2490:
2465:
2439:
2428:. 17 July 2002
2413:
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2369:
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2316:
2290:
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2240:
2215:
2189:
2163:
2156:
2138:
2112:
2079:
2054:
2029:
2004:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1958:
1942:
1939:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1899:Valdas Adamkus
1895:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1830:
1823:
1805:
1798:Czech Republic
1787:
1769:
1751:
1748:Order of Merit
1733:
1715:
1697:
1679:
1661:
1643:
1625:
1607:
1589:
1567:
1549:
1531:
1528:Order of Merit
1509:
1491:
1473:
1455:
1437:
1419:
1401:
1383:
1365:
1347:
1346:(October 1996)
1336:United Kingdom
1325:
1303:
1257:George W. Bush
1240:
1237:
1220:
1217:
1180:Yuriy Lutsenko
1116:
1113:
1098:
1095:
1078:
1075:
1041:
1038:
1014:George W. Bush
987:European Union
983:Saddam Hussein
962:Following the
949:European Union
880:Czech Republic
872:Vladimir Putin
813:market economy
805:European Union
794:oath of office
786:Wspólna Polska
750:
747:
648:
645:
640:Rzeczpospolita
597:European Union
559:
558:
555:
554:
543:
539:
538:
531:
527:
526:
524:
523:
315:
314:
313:
311:
307:
306:
299:
293:
292:
289:
285:
284:
273:
267:
266:
264:
260:
259:
233:
227:
226:
225:(1995–present)
220:
216:
215:
197:
193:
192:
188:
187:
184:
183:
178:
172:
171:
168:
162:
161:
151:
150:
144:
143:
141:Lech Kaczyński
138:
132:
131:
126:
120:
119:
94:
92:Prime Minister
88:
87:
77:
76:
70:
69:
66:
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62:
54:
53:
50:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4371:
4360:
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4337:
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4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
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4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4204:Living people
4202:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4179:
4178:Jan Olszewski
4176:
4175:
4173:
4169:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
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4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4098:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4055:
4050:
4048:
4043:
4041:
4036:
4035:
4032:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3968:Jan Olszewski
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3933:
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3920:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3907:
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3892:
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3888:
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3877:
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3852:
3847:
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3809:
3806:
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3800:
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3794:
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3779:
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3768:
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3741:
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3601:
3596:
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3509:
3503:
3498:
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3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3443:
3439:
3436:
3431:
3427:
3426:
3405:
3402:(in Polish).
3401:
3397:
3391:
3376:
3373:(in Polish).
3372:
3368:
3362:
3346:
3342:
3336:
3329:
3327:
3321:
3314:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3294:
3278:
3274:
3268:
3261:
3260:The Telegraph
3257:
3256:
3249:
3233:
3227:
3220:
3214:
3207:
3203:
3200:
3199:State honours
3194:
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3117:
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3018:
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2911:
2903:
2899:
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2887:
2879:
2878:BBCPolska.com
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2259:83-223-2644-0
2255:
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2229:
2225:
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2199:
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2173:
2167:
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2126:
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2116:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2092:The Economist
2089:
2083:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2018:
2014:
2008:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1969:Poland portal
1959:
1956:
1945:
1938:
1936:
1931:
1929:
1928:Jolanta Konty
1922:Personal life
1916:
1915:Steiger Award
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1835:
1834:Olympic Order
1831:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1806:
1803:
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1471:
1467:
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1323:
1319:
1315:
1304:
1301:
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1278:
1277:
1276:
1270:
1269:Mary McAleese
1265:
1258:
1253:
1245:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1229:Paul Manafort
1226:
1216:
1214:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1198:Maidan unrest
1194:
1192:
1187:
1185:
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1177:
1173:
1169:
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1158:
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1150:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1101:In 2007, the
1094:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1047:
1037:
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1030:
1027:
1023:
1015:
1010:
1006:
1004:
1000:
999:Leonid Kuchma
996:
992:
988:
984:
979:
977:
973:
969:
968:War on Terror
965:
960:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
930:
925:
921:
919:
915:
912:in 1998, and
911:
907:
903:
899:
894:
891:
889:
885:
881:
873:
868:
864:
862:
857:
853:
848:
845:
841:
837:
832:
830:
829:Leszek Miller
826:
820:
818:
817:privatization
814:
810:
806:
801:
799:
795:
789:
787:
783:
779:
776:, the former
775:
771:
767:
759:
755:
746:
743:
740:
736:
732:
727:
725:
721:
716:
714:
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685:
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666:
660:
658:
654:
644:
642:
641:
636:
631:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
604:
603:in Ukraine.
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
579:
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536:
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269:Jolanta Konty
265:
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257:
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242:
237:
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217:
213:
208:(age 69)
198:
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825:Jerzy Buzek
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758:Kwaśniewski
635:Lech Wałęsa
256:Europa Plus
248:(1991–1995)
243:(1990–1995)
238:(1977–1990)
223:Independent
166:Preceded by
129:Lech Wałęsa
124:Preceded by
113:Marek Belka
105:Jerzy Buzek
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2356:depesza.fm
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