1085:
941:
45:
1333:, who had been dispatched to treat Kropotkin by Lenin himself. Despite the severe case, his doctors concluded that he could still recover from his ailments; Kropotkin himself expressed that he didn't want to die, as he still had work to do. As his condition got worse, and Kropotkin began to accept that he was dying, he expressed regret that he had "give trouble to so many good people." He continued to talk with his friends until his last moments, once remarking to them, "what a hard business—dying".
1275:. During his interrogation, he attempted to prove his dedication to the revolution and distinguished between the charge of being "anti-Soviet", which he denied, and that of being "anti-State", which he openly admitted to. He was initially sentenced to two years in a labour camp, but this was quickly commuted to six months. On 2 January 1921, Atabekian was prematurely released from prison, following a request for amnesty made by Peter Kropotkin to
1299:, Kropotkin informed Atabekian that he had requested an amnesty for one of his friends that had been taken hostage by the Cheka. Kropotkin expressed regret over making his visit, but when he asked Atabekian if he disapproved, his friend responded that he would "approve of pleading even to the Tsar to save those who were condemned to death." Kropotkin went on to say that he had asked Lenin to put a stop to the
1524:. Information about Atabekian is also scarce in the Russian state archives, which has resulted in some difficulty in forming a complete biographical picture of his life. Some of Atabekian's papers have been preserved and archived by the International Institute of Social History, which collected his letters from Peter Kropotkin into the world's largest archive of Kropotkin's works.
1077:, the latter of which argued that revolution could only occur when the material conditions were correct, and concluded that such conditions were missing from the October Revolution, as it was imposed from above rather than coming from the people themselves. He then called for anarchists to begin agitating for the construction of a new society through
643:, where they visited Kropotkin. They informed him of their intentions to start delivering pamphlets to Ukraine and the Caucasus, where they had established connections with some individual anarchists. Atabekian then returned to Geneva and established a printing press in his own bedroom; he called it the Anarchist Library (Russian:
1391:, he published a letter from Kropotkin, dated to late 1918. Without his publishing work, he attempted to earn a living doing various odd jobs, eventually returning to work as a physician. Atabekian was also permitted by the authorities to continue his work with the Kropotkin Museum Committee throughout most of the period of the
726:. These pamphlets were circulated widely among Armenian immigrant circles and later in Armenia itself, following Stoyanov's own distribution efforts. Despite their efforts, Atabekian was largely unsuccessful in smuggling the pamphlets into the Russian Empire, but their work was taken up only a few years later by
1362:
3913:
1430:. He spent the last years of his life in his flat in Moscow, where he lived with his son, before dying on 5 December 1933. But sources have disagreed on the exact details of his death, with some saying he died in a forced labour camp or disappeared into exile. In 1951, the Russian anarchist magazine
1344:
arrived the following day, to belatedly pay their respects. The
Bolshevik government offered to give Kropotkin a state funeral, but his family declined, instead forming a committee to arrange his funeral. Atabekian was among the co-organisers of the funeral. Kropotkin's family and friends were given
1402:
By this time, the
Kropotkin Museum Committee had collapsed into factional infighting, which was beginning to affect the entire Russian anarchist movement. Atabekian, who saw the committee as an organ of anarchist agitation, clashed with Kropotkin's widow Sofia, who wanted to avoid any conflict with
1315:
1386:
On 29 August 1921, the Cheka arrested
Atabekian again, on the same charges as his previous arrest, but the intervention of Lev Kamenev led to his release the following month. The Soviet authorities again briefly lifted the ban on the publication of Pochin, but it was banned again in 1922 and
1373:
1100:", which had been established in order to protect the common interests of tenants and regulate landlords to ensure regular repairs and central heating. Atabekian believed that these committees could be the means by which to fulfill people's needs and build a new
1012:. By the end of 1916, his hospital had run out of medicine, and his requests to Moscow for resupply went unfulfilled, which led to most of the medical staff dispersing and the hospital effectively dissolving. Atabekian left the front line and returned to Rasht.
1295:, a small town outside the Russian capital, where Atabekian visited him regularly. During this period, Atabekian had returned to his practice as a physician, and the two frequently exchanged friendly correspondence. After a meeting with the Bolshevik leader
1145:
858:, which emotionally devastated him. As Armenian resistance to the anti-Armenian massacres in the Ottoman Empire manifested, he established connections with anarchist and libertarian socialist activists within the ARF. The anarchists of the ARF blended
3969:
Pittaluga, Roberto (2017). "Entre el exilio y la revolución: Komin-Alexandrovsky, Anatol
Gorelik y Mijail Yaroshevsky" [Between the exile and the revolution: Komin-Alexandrovsky, Anatol Gorelik and Mikhail Yaroshevsky].
4480:
464:. He also acted as Kropotkin's personal doctor and confidant, staying by his side until his death. He then participated in the management of a museum of Kropotkin, which he maintained throughout the period of the
1069:", one that was carried out against the will of the people, who were largely indifferent to the revolution, and which he predicted would inevitably fail as a result. He compared the Bolsheviks' actions with the
1484:
in the former
Russian Empire. His analysis of the October Revolution was taken up by later generations of anarchists in the 20th and 21st centuries. In an April 1924 issue of the Argentine anarchist newspaper
1517:. Atabekian's advocacy of house committees has also been taken up by the Ukrainian urbanists Olena Zaika and Oleh Masiuk, who cited his work as foundational to research on the reorganisation of urban space.
639:, Atabekian initiated an effort to begin smuggling anarchist propaganda into the Russian Empire, intending to print texts in both the Russian and Armenian languages. Atabekian and Stoyanov travelled to
1444:, he had treated an old anarchist called Alexei or Alexander Atabekian, who died of a heart attack towards the end of that year. This version was later taken up by reference literature, including the
1351:
4059:
4203:(1994). "The Role of the Armenian Community in the Foundation and Development of the Socialist Movement in the Ottoman Empire and Turkey: 1876–1923". In Tunçay, Meter; Zürcher, Erik Jan (eds.).
871:
671:. Atabekian also initially lacked the resources to publish a periodical, so decided to start out publishing individual pamphlets. His first publication was a Russian language edition of
822:
he'd experienced within the structures of
Armenian political parties. While it focused largely on Armenia, the journal also gave attention to the revolutionary anarchist movements in
790:'Community'), the first anarchist periodical in the Armenian language. It ran for five issues, each made up of eight pages, which contained articles about anarchism and the
707:, the latter of which Atabekian wrote a preface directing it towards Armenians. After publishing the first batch of pamphlets, he considered selling his printing equipment to the
3912:
Moisseva, K. D.; Ivanov, A. A. (2023). "РОССИЙСКИЙ АНАРХИЗМ И КООПЕРАТИВНОЕ ДВИЖЕНИЕ" [Russian
Anarchism and the Co-operative Movement]. In Zolotarevoy, E. A. (ed.).
4280:
1357:
1610:
1419:. Before long, all the last members of the Kropotkin Museum Committee had been arrested, deported or killed; and the museum itself was closed by the Soviet authorities.
1403:
the authorities. Atabekian and other anarchists were ultimately expelled from the committee, but even this did not save the Museum from its eventual closure. Following
1162:
ran for 11 issues, publishing letters from Peter
Kropotkin and Atabekian's own accounts from West Asia. In the journal, Atabekian developed on Kropotkin's theories of
1311:, which he thought had frightened Lenin enough to reign in the executions. Kropotkin also told Atabekian that he worried the Bolsheviks might "bury the revolution".
897:, where he provided medical assistance to Armenians that had fled the Hamidian massacres. His correspondence from this time indicates that he then travelled through
4460:
4490:
1346:
1140:
3941:
1368:
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quickly gained popularity among the
Armenian diaspora throughout Europe, with Stoyanov helping to distribute it in the Balkans, Caucasus and Turkey.
600:
languages. He also published a number of open letters, on behalf of the international anarchist movement, to
Armenian peasants and revolutionaries.
4425:
3545:
1259:. Atabekian nevertheless kept Kropotkin updated on the publication, receiving constructive criticism about an article that distinguished between
1047:
471:
Atabekian suffered a stroke and died in his home in Moscow in 1933, although reference literature would end up reporting that he had died in the
1053:
During this time, Atabekian began referring to himself as a "political atheist", as he believed any form of power was inevitably opposed to the
4062:[Philosophy of post-classical Russian anarchism – Terra incognita for historical and philosophical research (to state the problem)].
4510:
4375:
4293:
842:. Atabekian himself didn't sign any of the articles he wrote, in order to protect himself from prosecution for his anarchist activities.
810:
in Armenia. Although he was staunchly opposed to Ottoman rule in Armenia, he also cautioned against an intervention in the region by the
1539:
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Before long, Atabekian had met numerous prominent members of the anarchist movement, becoming close friends with Kropotkin, Reclus and
1599:
4450:
4360:
4355:
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1445:
4520:
4440:
4060:"Философия постклассического российского анархизма - Terra incognita для историко-философских исследований (к постановке проблемы)"
1632:
1416:
905:, where he attempted to promote anarchism among the local Armenian communities. By the turn of the 20th century, he had settled in
1131:
On 12 April 1918, the Bolsheviks initiated a wave of political repression against the anarchist movement, forcibly dissolving the
4430:
4395:
1520:
Although Atabekian left quite a large archive of his work, it was destroyed by a bomb that fell on his family's house during the
3731:
4370:
4365:
1345:
permission to use his ancestral home in Moscow, which they turned into a museum for his life and work. Atabekian served on the
592:. Atabekian then began working at a Ukrainian publishing house, which he used to print translations of anarchist works in the
356:. In Geneva, Atabekian established the Anarchist Library, which published several seminal anarchist texts in the Armenian and
4410:
4400:
4048:
3930:
3676:
1132:
893:. Prohibited from returning to the Russian Empire due to a sentence of exile for his anarchist activities, he moved first to
775:
and began preparing to publish a magazine in the Armenian language. He then moved on to Paris, where he began publication of
227:
1621:
1329:, Atabekian travelled to Dmitrov to provide him with medical care. Atabekian was joined by five other physicians, including
401:, after which he re-established connections with other anarchists within the ARF. Together they issued a declaration to the
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1746:
1716:
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453:
4405:
4026:
1761:
1701:
1686:
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published memoirs from I. Zhemchuzhnikov, a doctor who worked in the Gulag. He reported that in 1940, while working in a
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1731:
1588:
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4261:
4220:
4106:
4003:
3902:
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1790:
731:
405:, denouncing both the actions of the Ottoman Empire and the complicity of its European allies. After graduating as a
365:
212:
1404:
1163:
562:
476:
345:
205:
1186:, and saw it as essential to establishing socialist anarchism. From an analysis of history, he concluded that the
722:. The first pages of these pamphlets included the words "Authorised by the Ministry of Education", printed in the
4470:
2961:
1387:
Atabekian's printing equipment was confiscated, bringing an end to his publishing career. In the final volume of
636:
1643:
794:. Atabekian thought that Armenia was ripe for revolution, due to the conditions created by the Ottoman Empire's
4475:
4420:
1513:
In the 21st century, he has been cited as a seminal example of a first-wave anarchist thinker from outside the
1499:
1255:
2259:
964:, Atabekian was granted permission to return to the Russian Empire, which was experiencing such a shortage of
771:". His publishing work slowed down at this time, but didn't stop entirely, as he waited for further sheets of
667:, but Kropotkin was overwhelmed by work and unable to translate more than a few chapters, leaving the rest to
1084:
1279:. Atabekian then tried to appeal for the lifting of the ban on Pochin, eventually receiving permission from
759:, where he spent a few months working at a state-of-the-art clinic. During his time there, he witnessed the
4515:
4435:
4390:
4385:
4316:
1243:
760:
1682:
1667:
878:; he argued that European powers were complicit in the Hamidian massacres and declared the beginning of a
4380:
4092:
3703:
1078:
1000:. He travelled constantly to different fields during this period, witnessing the aftermath of battles in
767:, as well as the subsequent anti-Italian reprisals, which turned him against the anarchist strategy of "
4495:
4445:
3633:
3588:
791:
240:
1267:, which Atabekian heavily revised before releasing. On 24 October 1920, Atabekian was arrested by the
1042:' seizure of power. He also published an open letter to Kropotkin, in which he sharply criticised the
4500:
3736:
1234:. He thus declared co-operative movement to be in opposition to state socialism, which he decried as
996:. Here he treated not only wounded soldiers but also civilians, including refugees that had fled the
934:
867:
814:. Atabekian also published articles by the ARF, but supplemented them with his own criticisms of the
3813:
Johnson, Eric M. (2015). "Demographics, Inequality and Entitlements in the Russian Famine of 1891".
1481:
1330:
1276:
1215:
4279:
Zaika, Olena; Masiuk, Oleh (2020). "Managing a Condominium as a Creative Urban Space in Ukraine".
3842:
1395:(NEP). In 1927, Atabekian and other anarchists organised a demonstration against the execution of
1112:, Atabekian began advocating for the creation of an independent anarchist army, established along
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2029:
811:
566:
544:
492:
72:
2179:
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3579:
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799:
768:
764:
488:
2454:
1472:
came to supplant Atabekian's anarchism in Armenia, anarchist ideas gained traction within the
624:
4200:
4171:
Slatter, John (1994). "The Correspondence of P. A. Kropotkin as Historical Source Material".
3942:"(Само)управление в петроградских/ленинградских жилых домах. 1. Домовые комитеты (1917–1921)"
3774:
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444:
and began writing works of anarchist theory and critique. He was critical of the rise of the
4350:
4345:
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993:
875:
863:
748:
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402:
327:
116:
3915:Всероссийские молодежные научные чтения им. профессора НН Про-топопова: сборник материалов
385:, the first anarchist periodical in the Armenian language. He wrote extensively about the
8:
1392:
1021:
926:
894:
835:
831:
823:
581:
465:
316:
244:
1555:"Letter to Armenian Revolutionaries from an International Anarchist Organization" (1890)
4188:
4159:
4115:
4022:
3999:
3838:
3826:
2315:
1514:
1396:
1260:
1253:, but he refused each time, as he was focused on writing what would be his final work,
1199:
1029:
890:
855:
839:
827:
803:
708:
552:
480:
437:
406:
398:
3544:
Adams, Jason (2003). "Middle Eastern Anarchism: Armenia, Lebanon, Turkey, Palestine".
3001:
2009:
4297:
4267:
4257:
4234:
4226:
4216:
4180:
4123:
4079:
4071:
4044:
3987:
3957:
3949:
3926:
3898:
3894:
3867:
3863:
3830:
3799:
3795:
3741:
3707:
3682:
3672:
3647:
3637:
3602:
3592:
3562:
1794:
1786:
1473:
1341:
1308:
1109:
1062:
1046:'s attacks against the local Armenian and Kurdish populations, comparing them to the
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that it began ignoring their backgrounds. Atabekian was quickly appointed to head a
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3979:
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3822:
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1727:
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1113:
940:
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859:
815:
723:
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528:
513:
461:
357:
323:
1850:
870:. Together with other Armenian libertarians, Atabekian wrote a declaration to the
4326:
4247:
3886:
3855:
3787:
3719:
3619:
1408:
1318:
1304:
1195:
1105:
1092:, an armed anarchist formation established to resist authoritarian rule in Russia
807:
672:
589:
349:
3615:
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2478:
1970:
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1712:
1697:
1650:
1639:
1628:
1617:
1606:
1595:
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1562:
1492:
1296:
1264:
1223:
1121:
969:
910:
854:
Atabekian ceased all of his publication activities after receiving news of the
819:
616:
574:
570:
390:
361:
76:
25:
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3711:
3606:
3566:
2985:
2945:
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1336:
Kropotkin died on 8 February 1921, with his family and Atabekian by his side.
1128:, who formed a number of partisan detachments in villages throughout Ukraine.
4339:
4301:
4238:
4184:
4075:
3991:
3961:
3953:
3883:
The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest: 1500 to the Present
3881:
Mitchell, Ryan Robert (2010). "Anarchism, Armenia". In Ness, Immanuel (ed.).
3852:
The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest: 1500 to the Present
3834:
3784:
The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest: 1500 to the Present
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3171:
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2153:
2151:
1460:, and that he died either in prison or in exile within a few years of 1929.
4481:
Prisoners and detainees of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
3554:
3393:
3317:
3199:
3128:
2053:
1476:, inspiring the publication of Armenian-language anarchist journals in the
1412:
1337:
1231:
1227:
1101:
1089:
1054:
1028:, where he once again returned to political activism. After the subsequent
965:
656:), and it would become the first Russian anarchist propaganda circle since
479:. He has since been held as a key example of an anarchist from outside the
449:
422:
3983:
1798:
4212:
3922:
3574:
3261:
3168:
2148:
1611:
Fundamentals of Zemstvo Financial Organisation Without Power and Coercion
1542:" / "On the Pathogenesis of Angina Pectoris" (1896, ed. Henri Stapelmohr)
1487:
1453:
1280:
1235:
1203:
1179:
1171:
1151:
1038:, calling for anarchists to lead a social revolution and criticising the
989:
961:
608:
426:
331:
3618:[Atabekian Alexander Moiseevich]. In Volubchev, Pavel V. (ed.).
3036:
2716:
2714:
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2074:
2072:
1995:
1993:
711:, but was dissuaded by Kropotkin, due to their ideological differences.
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Atabekian repeatedly attempted to recruit Peter Kropotkin to write for
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2711:
2438:
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1990:
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also reported that he was among those arrested and imprisoned in the
1326:
1175:
1158:. Edited by Atabekian, who also carried out the typesetting himself,
1034:
1001:
917:. There he worked as a physician and published an Iranian edition of
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353:
308:
181:
139:
129:
106:
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He had planned to start by publishing a Russian language edition of
417:, where he worked as a physician and published a Persian edition of
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4155:
3558:
3235:
3233:
2527:
2525:
1441:
1437:
1207:
898:
536:
532:
3850:
Melis, Rachel (2010). "Anarchism, Iran". In Ness, Immanuel (ed.).
3782:
Heath, Nick (2009). "Anarchism, Russia". In Ness, Immanuel (ed.).
2644:
2642:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1222:". He also defined the co-operative movement in opposition to the
902:
338:
and became experienced in publishing while working on the journal
3659:
Biryukova, Andreya, ed. (2013). "Предисловие" [Preface].
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would give way to a co-operative society based on mutual aid and
1219:
1211:
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736:
370:
4230:
3485:
3461:
3449:
3230:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2522:
2407:
2287:
1480:. Today Atabekian is considered one of the foremost thinkers of
4208:
4099:
Historical Examination of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation
4040:
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2639:
2363:
2347:
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1507:
1423:
1239:
1025:
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509:
441:
348:(SDHP). In 1890, he became a disciple of the Russian anarchist
134:
94:
68:
1607:Основы земской финансовой организации без власти и принуждения
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in order to continue his medical studies. He moved first to
730:. During this period, he also formed links with the nascent
508:
Alexander Movsesi Atabekian was born on 2 February 1869, in
475:, following the repression of the anarchist movement during
397:
in Armenia. He ceased publication after hearing news of the
3497:
2553:
973:
933:, after which Ovanessian went on to become a leader of the
756:
4322:
Atabekian articles, compiled by A.V. Biryukov (in Russian)
4282:
Proceedings of the 2nd International Scientific Conference
4205:
Socialism and Nationalism in the Ottoman Empire, 1876–1923
3626:
Political figures of Russia, 1917: Biographical dictionary
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3218:
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2738:
2612:
2581:
3770:
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3696:
Radical Praxis Pedagogies: A Critical Podcast Methodology
3621:Политические деятели России, 1917: биографический словарь
3425:
3187:
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3021:
2428:
2426:
984:. He recovered by early 1915 and was appointed to head a
925:
translation. During this time, he also trained the young
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1840:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1558:"To the Revolutionary and Libertarian Socialists" (1896)
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and European countries and elaborated his vision for a
3249:
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2541:
2423:
2379:
2235:
368:(ARF), helping to set up publication of its newspaper
326:, he moved abroad to study medicine, enrolling in the
4116:"Biography of Armenian anarchist Alexander Atabekian"
3925:: ANOO VO Centrosoyuz RF "SibUPK". pp. 389–391.
3547:
Non-Western Anarchisms: Rethinking the Global Context
3293:
3116:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1831:
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429:, during which he treated refugees that had fled the
307:; 2 February 1869 – 5 December 1933) was an Armenian
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
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International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest
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lines, which could defend people against the rising
452:. He instead advocated for the strengthening of the
3281:
2627:
2498:
1286:
4245:
3613:
2995:
2979:
2955:
2939:
2924:
2912:
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2828:
2812:
2796:
2780:
2720:
2142:
2126:
2110:
2078:
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1919:
1154:, from which they published their new periodical
1061:, Atabekian depicted the October Revolution as a
623:; with whom he printed a poster in memory of the
4337:
4017:: Russian Christian Humanitarian Academy: 20–22.
1015:
360:, with the intention of smuggling them into the
4317:Atabekian Articles from "Hamaynq" (in Armenian)
3614:Biryukova, Andreya M.; Krivensky, V.V. (1993).
565:(SDHP) – which publicised reports about rising
4004:"КРИТИКА РЕВОЛЮЦИИ СЛЕВА: АНАРХИСТСКАЯ ОПТИКА"
3911:
3693:
3491:
3443:
3327:
2693:
448:, whom he saw as working in opposition to the
4461:Armenian Revolutionary Federation politicians
4199:
3467:
3455:
3347:
3181:
3015:
2975:
2492:
2472:
2448:
2401:
2341:
2329:
2309:
2293:
2281:
2161:
2106:
2047:
2003:
1984:
1913:
1596:Возможна ли анархическая социальная революция
4491:Social Democrat Hunchakian Party politicians
4122:. No. 25. Translated by Keskin, Deniz.
4021:
3998:
3527:
3415:
3399:
3387:
3383:
2606:
2590:
2575:
2559:
1399:, with the permission of the Moscow Soviet.
992:, where his wife Ekaterina was working on a
679:, which was followed in 1892 by Kropotkin's
630:
4278:
4246:Woodcock, George; Avakumović, Ivan (1990).
4142:Shub, David (1953). "Kropotkin and Lenin".
3763:The Anarchist Movement in Russia, 1905–1917
3419:
2621:
785:
677:The Paris Commune and the Idea of the State
3732:"Twenty Years of the Black Flag in Turkey"
734:(ARF) and helped to publish its newspaper
627:, which they plastered throughout Geneva.
503:
43:
4486:Russian military personnel of World War I
4331:International Institute of Social History
4090:
3968:
3759:
3658:
3515:
3503:
3479:
3431:
3371:
3339:
3311:
3255:
3239:
3224:
3209:
3162:
3138:
3110:
3094:
3070:
3058:
3046:
3011:
2967:
2792:
2768:
2756:
2744:
2732:
2705:
2672:
2660:
2648:
2571:
2547:
2531:
2516:
2460:
2432:
2413:
2269:
2253:
2241:
2221:
2209:
2193:
2189:
2173:
2094:
2035:
2019:
1905:
1889:
1844:
1446:International Institute of Social History
1198:, not only because it was unmotivated by
1174:to be a "law of life", stemming from the
802:in Europe and America. He called for the
728:another Russian anarchist group in Geneva
3880:
3275:
2971:
2353:
2321:
2273:
2225:
2039:
1864:
1600:Is Anarchist Social Revolution Possible?
1540:De la pathogénie de l'angine de poitrine
1313:
1096:Atabekian placed his hopes in Moscow's "
1083:
939:
495:has been studied in Russia and Ukraine.
456:, seeing particular promise in Moscow's
381:, where he began publishing the journal
4426:Armenian people from the Russian Empire
4170:
3812:
3665:Against Power: a collection of articles
3359:
3343:
3082:
2023:
1783:Against Power: a collection of articles
1381:
269: 1894; died 1922)
4338:
4327:Alexander Atabekian Papers (ARCH00246)
4113:
4057:
3694:Edwards-Schuth, Brandon David (2023).
3573:
3299:
3243:
3205:
3193:
3177:
3150:
3134:
3122:
3106:
3042:
3030:
2991:
2951:
2896:
2880:
2676:
2535:
2488:
2468:
2417:
2397:
2357:
2325:
2277:
2229:
2185:
2157:
2138:
2122:
2102:
2090:
2059:
2043:
2015:
1999:
1980:
1964:
1909:
1893:
1868:
1818:Other sources say he was born in 1868.
1498:, Atabekian's writings were quoted by
1415:, the anarchist movement was severely
531:in his hometown, in 1889, he left the
364:. He also made links with the nascent
4249:Peter Kropotkin: From Prince to Rebel
4173:The Slavonic and East European Review
4094:Հ Յ ԴԱՇՆԱԿՑՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՔՆՆԱԿԱՆ ՊԱՏՄՈՒԹՅՈՒՆ
3849:
3815:The Slavonic and East European Review
3781:
3726:
3543:
3323:
3287:
3271:
3267:
3007:
2504:
2484:
2464:
2444:
2385:
2373:
2369:
2305:
2265:
2197:
2098:
1976:
1860:
1856:
1133:Moscow Federation of Anarchist Groups
228:Moscow Federation of Anarchist Groups
16:Armenian anarchist writer (1868–1933)
4141:
3939:
3411:
2852:
2824:
2808:
2633:
2602:
1633:Social Tasks of the House Committees
1242:, whereas co-operative movement was
1124:. This call was notably taken up by
1032:, he wrote a series of articles for
683:. In 1893, he published Kropotkin's
1629:Социальные задачи домовых комитетов
13:
4511:Witnesses of the Armenian genocide
4376:Anarchists from the Russian Empire
3843:10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.93.1.0096
3827:10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.93.1.0096
1552:"To the Armenian Villagers" (1890)
1506:, who warned against disregarding
1291:By 1921, Kropotkin had retired to
889:In 1896, Atabekian graduated as a
714:In 1894, he published Kropotkin's
377:He pursued his medical studies to
14:
4532:
4416:Armenian emigrants to Switzerland
4310:
4120:Abolishing the Borders from Below
4107:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
4091:Khudinyan, Gevorg Sargsi (2006).
1758:Из воспоминаний о П.А. Кропоткине
1527:
732:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
366:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
213:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
4451:Armenian prisoners and detainees
4361:20th-century publishers (people)
4356:19th-century publishers (people)
4294:School of Economics and Business
3895:10.1002/9781405198073.wbierp1657
3864:10.1002/9781405198073.wbierp1660
3796:10.1002/9781405198073.wbierp0071
1563:Открытое письмо П. А. Кропоткину
1287:Treatment and death of Kropotkin
1057:. In his account of the events,
976:, but he fell severely ill with
563:Social Democrat Hunchakian Party
346:Social Democrat Hunchakian Party
206:Social Democrat Hunchakian Party
4521:Writers from the Russian Empire
4441:Armenian political philosophers
4043:: Radical Theory and Practice.
3536:
3402:, pp. 97n1, 106n3, 433n18.
1206:, but also because it upheld a
1150:had established a new printing
800:exploitation of Armenian labour
580:He left the SDHP and became an
266:
4431:Armenian people of World War I
4396:Armenian emigrants to Bulgaria
3616:"Атабекян Александр Моисеевич"
2996:Woodcock & Avakumović 1990
2980:Woodcock & Avakumović 1990
2956:Woodcock & Avakumović 1990
2940:Woodcock & Avakumović 1990
2925:Woodcock & Avakumović 1990
2913:Woodcock & Avakumović 1990
2901:Woodcock & Avakumović 1990
2885:Woodcock & Avakumović 1990
2869:Woodcock & Avakumović 1990
2857:Woodcock & Avakumović 1990
2841:Woodcock & Avakumović 1990
2829:Woodcock & Avakumović 1990
2813:Woodcock & Avakumović 1990
2797:Woodcock & Avakumović 1990
2781:Woodcock & Avakumović 1990
2721:Woodcock & Avakumović 1990
2143:Woodcock & Avakumović 1990
2127:Woodcock & Avakumović 1990
2111:Woodcock & Avakumović 1990
2079:Woodcock & Avakumović 1990
2064:Woodcock & Avakumović 1990
1812:
1567:Open Letter to P. A. Kropotkin
1422:In 1930, Atabekian suffered a
1256:Ethics: Origin and Development
1194:and other economic forms like
588:, a collection of writings by
334:. There he began working as a
1:
4371:20th-century Armenian writers
4366:19th-century Armenian writers
4039:(in Russian) (2nd ed.).
3661:Против власти: сборник статей
1825:
1779:Против власти: сборник статей
1622:A Break in Anarchist Doctrine
1618:Перелом в анархистском учении
1405:Joseph Stalin's rise to power
1325:When Kropotkin fell ill with
1139:. Before long, Atabekian and
1016:Revolution writings in Russia
477:Joseph Stalin's rise to power
256:Ekaterina Nikolaevna Sokolova
4411:Armenian emigrants to Russia
4401:Armenian emigrants to France
3948:(in Russian) (17): 175–218.
1747:Territoriality and Anarchism
1743:Территориальность и анархизм
1717:Counter-Revolution Goes Wild
1048:German occupation of Belgium
1024:of 1917, Atabekian moved to
866:, influenced in part by the
849:
761:assassination of Sadi Carnot
681:The Destruction of the State
561:– the official organ of the
498:
97:, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
7:
4506:University of Geneva alumni
4114:Selbuz, Cemal (July 2006).
3972:Claves. Revista de Historia
3921:(in Russian). Vol. 2.
3786:. Vol. 1. Malden, MA:
3704:Washington State University
3671:: Librocom. pp. 4–14.
1762:In Memory of P.A. Kropotkin
1713:Контр-революция разгуливает
1683:Յեղափոխական կազմակերպութիւն
652:
637:Russian famine of 1891–1892
305:Ալեքսանդր Մովսեսի Աթաբեկյան
297:Alexander Movsesi Atabekian
10:
4537:
4406:Armenian emigrants to Iran
4137:– via Anarkismo.net.
3634:Great Russian Encyclopedia
3589:Princeton University Press
3518:, pp. 5n2, 5n4, 9n16.
3492:Moisseva & Ivanov 2023
3444:Moisseva & Ivanov 2023
2694:Moisseva & Ivanov 2023
1702:The Problem of a Free Army
1687:Revolutionary Organization
1672:The Call of the Government
1510:in revolutionary methods.
1303:, fearing a repeat of the
1190:distinguished itself from
792:Armenian national movement
747:After graduating with his
720:Why We Are Revolutionaries
653:Anarkhicheskaya Biblioteka
635:After the outbreak of the
512:, a city in the region of
241:Armenian national movement
3940:Piir, Aleksandra (2012).
1732:Communism and Cooperation
1655:Cooperation and Anarchism
1589:The Bloody Week in Moscow
1463:
1108:. By the outbreak of the
868:Russian nihilist movement
806:and the establishment of
780:
697:To My Brother the Peasant
644:
631:Anarchist publishing work
535:and went abroad to study
304:
284:
276:
250:
236:
221:
201:
156:
148:
122:
112:
102:
83:
54:
42:
35:
23:
4456:Armenian revolutionaries
3946:Antropologicheskiĭ forum
1805:
1698:Проблема свободной армии
1585:Кровавая неделя в Москве
1482:post-classical anarchism
1426:, which forced him into
1277:Vladimir Bonch-Bruyevich
1226:, and believed that the
1079:workers' self-management
804:collectivisation of land
716:Revolutionary Minorities
547:, Atabekian worked as a
527:After he graduated from
460:as a means to establish
36:
3420:Zaika & Masiuk 2020
2622:Zaika & Masiuk 2020
1283:to resume publication.
1238:and limited by its own
1170:. Atabekian considered
935:Iranian Communist Party
645:Анархическая библиотека
584:in 1890, after reading
567:anti-Armenian sentiment
545:undergraduate education
504:Early life and activism
4471:Cooperative organizers
4201:Ter Minassian, Anahide
3760:Gooderham, P. (1981).
3580:The Russian Anarchists
2651:, pp. 313-315n82.
1728:Коммунизм и Кооперация
1508:ethical considerations
1322:
1228:abolition of the state
1202:and sought to abolish
1168:co-operative economics
1093:
1075:historical materialism
960:After the outbreak of
957:
954:anti-Armenian massacre
516:. He was born into an
489:co-operative economics
421:. He also worked as a
322:Born in the region of
4476:Cooperative theorists
4421:Armenian male writers
4058:Ryabov, Petr (2009).
3984:10.25032/crh.v3i5.154
3775:University of Bristol
3446:, pp. 390-391n2.
1668:Կառավարության կոչումը
1651:Кооперация и анархизм
1452:. American historian
1407:and the beginning of
1317:
1273:anti-Soviet agitation
1188:co-operative movement
1087:
1067:revolution from above
1059:Bloody Week in Moscow
1044:Imperial Russian Army
946:Imperial Russian Army
943:
751:, Atabekian moved to
695:, as well as Reclus'
669:Varlam Cherkezishvili
660:'s own in the 1870s.
520:and was the son of a
518:Armenian noble family
485:anti-authoritarianism
454:co-operative movement
440:of 1917, he moved to
409:, Atabekian moved to
165:The Anarchist Library
4296:. pp. 369–375.
4256:: Black Rose Books.
4215:. pp. 109–156.
3790:. pp. 141–143.
3667:] (in Russian).
3628:] (in Russian).
3346:, pp. 279–280;
3208:, pp. 245–246;
3137:, pp. 243–244;
3045:, pp. 227–228;
2827:, pp. 231–232;
1382:Later work and death
1321:'s funeral in Moscow
876:Second International
864:Armenian nationalism
769:motiveless terrorism
541:University of Geneva
403:Second International
389:of Armenians by the
328:University of Geneva
117:University of Geneva
4516:Writers from Shusha
4436:Armenian physicians
4391:Armenian communists
4386:Armenian anarchists
4023:Rakhmaninova, Maria
4013:(in Russian) (24).
4000:Rakhmaninova, Maria
3362:, pp. 279–280.
3350:, pp. 129–130.
3328:Edwards-Schuth 2023
3196:, pp. 245–246.
3153:, pp. 243–244.
3033:, pp. 227–228.
2927:, pp. 432–433.
2887:, pp. 401–402.
2843:, pp. 427–428.
2831:, pp. 427–428.
2815:, pp. 427–428.
2799:, pp. 419–420.
2723:, pp. 419–420.
2332:, pp. 130–131.
2312:, pp. 130–131.
2296:, pp. 130–131.
2145:, pp. 346–347.
2081:, pp. 346–347.
1393:New Economic Policy
1141:Herman Sandomirskyi
1022:February Revolution
1020:In the wake of the
927:Ardeshir Ovanessian
921:, which received a
860:socialist anarchism
582:anarchist communist
466:New Economic Policy
462:socialist anarchism
344:, the organ of the
317:anarchist communist
245:anarchist communism
37:Ալեքսանդր Աթաբեկյան
30:Alexander Atabekian
4381:Anarcho-communists
4144:The Russian Review
4033:Power and the Body
3636:. pp. 26–27.
3561:. pp. 23–24.
3468:Ter Minassian 1994
3456:Ter Minassian 1994
3348:Ter Minassian 1994
3182:Ter Minassian 1994
3016:Ter Minassian 1994
2976:Ter Minassian 1994
2493:Ter Minassian 1994
2473:Ter Minassian 1994
2449:Ter Minassian 1994
2402:Ter Minassian 1994
2372:, pp. 23–24;
2342:Ter Minassian 1994
2330:Ter Minassian 1994
2310:Ter Minassian 1994
2308:, pp. 23–24;
2294:Ter Minassian 1994
2282:Ter Minassian 1994
2196:, pp. 34–35;
2162:Ter Minassian 1994
2107:Ter Minassian 1994
2097:, pp. 34–35;
2048:Ter Minassian 1994
2022:, pp. 34–35;
2004:Ter Minassian 1994
1985:Ter Minassian 1994
1914:Ter Minassian 1994
1397:Sacco and Vanzetti
1369:Aleksei Solonovich
1347:museum's committee
1323:
1135:and shutting down
1118:anti-authoritarian
1094:
1055:will of the people
1030:October Revolution
958:
891:Doctor of Medicine
856:Hamidian massacres
709:Free Russian Press
553:Avetis Nazarbekian
483:, and his work on
450:will of the people
438:Russian Revolution
407:Doctor of Medicine
399:Hamidian massacres
354:anarchist movement
4496:Soviet anarchists
4446:Armenian printers
4050:978-5-6041337-8-1
3932:978-5-334-00293-7
3678:978-5-397-03166-0
3528:Rakhmaninova 2017
3470:, p. 198n42.
3458:, p. 198n41.
3418:, p. 106n3;
3416:Rakhmaninova 2020
3400:Rakhmaninova 2020
3390:, p. 433n19.
3388:Rakhmaninova 2020
3384:Rakhmaninova 2017
3330:, pp. 27–28.
3212:, pp. 13–14.
3165:, pp. 13–14.
3141:, pp. 13–14.
3073:, pp. 12–13.
2771:, pp. 11–12.
2747:, pp. 10–11.
2607:Rakhmaninova 2020
2591:Rakhmaninova 2017
2576:Rakhmaninova 2017
2560:Rakhmaninova 2020
2388:, pp. 23–24.
2164:, p. 199n44.
2026:, p. 118n76.
1785:(2013, Librocom;
1644:The Pogrom Spirit
1515:Western tradition
1474:Armenian diaspora
1342:Alexander Berkman
1309:French Revolution
1110:Russian Civil War
1106:political parties
998:Armenian genocide
986:military hospital
880:social revolution
789:
749:bachelor's degree
650:
625:Haymarket martyrs
613:Paraskev Stoyanov
481:Western tradition
431:Armenian genocide
395:social revolution
358:Russian languages
294:
293:
149:Years active
49:Atabekian (1890s)
4528:
4501:Soviet Armenians
4305:
4287:
4275:
4242:
4196:
4167:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4110:
4104:
4087:
4054:
4038:
4018:
4015:Saint Petersburg
4011:Acta Eruditorium
4008:
3995:
3965:
3936:
3920:
3908:
3889:. pp. 1–2.
3877:
3858:. pp. 1–2.
3846:
3809:
3778:
3768:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3740:. No. 374.
3723:
3690:
3655:
3610:
3570:
3552:
3531:
3525:
3519:
3513:
3507:
3506:, p. 10n18.
3501:
3495:
3494:, p. 391n1.
3489:
3483:
3477:
3471:
3465:
3459:
3453:
3447:
3441:
3435:
3429:
3423:
3409:
3403:
3397:
3391:
3381:
3375:
3369:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3337:
3331:
3326:, pp. 3–4;
3321:
3315:
3309:
3303:
3297:
3291:
3285:
3279:
3265:
3259:
3253:
3247:
3237:
3228:
3222:
3213:
3203:
3197:
3191:
3185:
3175:
3166:
3160:
3154:
3148:
3142:
3132:
3126:
3120:
3114:
3104:
3098:
3092:
3086:
3085:, p. 278n6.
3080:
3074:
3068:
3062:
3056:
3050:
3040:
3034:
3028:
3019:
3005:
2999:
2989:
2983:
2965:
2959:
2949:
2943:
2937:
2928:
2922:
2916:
2910:
2904:
2894:
2888:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2860:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2832:
2822:
2816:
2806:
2800:
2790:
2784:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2760:
2754:
2748:
2742:
2736:
2730:
2724:
2718:
2709:
2703:
2697:
2691:
2680:
2670:
2664:
2658:
2652:
2646:
2637:
2631:
2625:
2619:
2610:
2600:
2594:
2588:
2579:
2569:
2563:
2557:
2551:
2545:
2539:
2529:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2502:
2496:
2482:
2476:
2458:
2452:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2421:
2411:
2405:
2395:
2389:
2383:
2377:
2367:
2361:
2351:
2345:
2339:
2333:
2319:
2313:
2303:
2297:
2291:
2285:
2272:, pp. 6–7;
2263:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2219:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2192:, pp. 5–6;
2183:
2177:
2171:
2165:
2155:
2146:
2136:
2130:
2120:
2114:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2067:
2057:
2051:
2033:
2027:
2013:
2007:
1997:
1988:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1917:
1903:
1897:
1887:
1872:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1819:
1816:
1657:" (1919, Pochin)
1646:" (1919, Pochin)
1635:" (1918, Pochin)
1624:" (1918, Pochin)
1602:" (1918, Pochin)
1522:Battle of Moscow
1504:Anatolii Horelik
1500:Ukrainian Jewish
1496:
1470:Marxism-Leninism
1377:
1366:
1356:, together with
1355:
1271:, on charges of
1246:in its methods.
1244:internationalist
1232:voluntary labour
1149:
1098:house committees
944:Soldiers of the
923:Persian language
816:authoritarianism
787:
784:
782:
773:Words of a Rebel
740:, together with
724:Turkish language
705:Between Peasants
701:Errico Malatesta
693:Spirit of Revolt
685:Political Rights
665:Words of a Rebel
655:
649:romanized:
648:
646:
586:Words of a Rebel
529:secondary school
514:Nagorno-Karabakh
458:house committees
324:Nagorno-Karabakh
306:
270:
268:
232:
217:
210:
195:
187:
177:
169:
159:
90:
64:
62:
47:
21:
20:
4536:
4535:
4531:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4526:
4525:
4336:
4335:
4313:
4308:
4285:
4264:
4223:
4132:
4130:
4105:(in Armenian).
4102:
4051:
4036:
4006:
3933:
3918:
3905:
3887:Wiley-Blackwell
3874:
3856:Wiley-Blackwell
3806:
3788:Wiley-Blackwell
3766:
3750:
3748:
3728:Evren, Süreyyya
3679:
3644:
3599:
3550:
3539:
3534:
3530:, p. 22n1.
3526:
3522:
3514:
3510:
3502:
3498:
3490:
3486:
3482:, p. 9n13.
3478:
3474:
3466:
3462:
3454:
3450:
3442:
3438:
3430:
3426:
3414:, p. 214;
3410:
3406:
3398:
3394:
3382:
3378:
3374:, Bibliography.
3370:
3366:
3358:
3354:
3338:
3334:
3322:
3318:
3310:
3306:
3298:
3294:
3286:
3282:
3266:
3262:
3254:
3250:
3238:
3231:
3223:
3216:
3204:
3200:
3192:
3188:
3180:, p. 244;
3176:
3169:
3161:
3157:
3149:
3145:
3133:
3129:
3121:
3117:
3109:, p. 237;
3105:
3101:
3093:
3089:
3081:
3077:
3069:
3065:
3057:
3053:
3041:
3037:
3029:
3022:
3006:
3002:
2994:, p. 227;
2990:
2986:
2978:, p. 130;
2966:
2962:
2954:, p. 227;
2950:
2946:
2938:
2931:
2923:
2919:
2911:
2907:
2899:, p. 227;
2895:
2891:
2879:
2875:
2867:
2863:
2855:, p. 231;
2851:
2847:
2839:
2835:
2823:
2819:
2811:, p. 231;
2807:
2803:
2791:
2787:
2779:
2775:
2767:
2763:
2755:
2751:
2743:
2739:
2731:
2727:
2719:
2712:
2704:
2700:
2692:
2683:
2671:
2667:
2663:, pp. 8–9.
2659:
2655:
2647:
2640:
2632:
2628:
2620:
2613:
2605:, p. 193;
2601:
2597:
2589:
2582:
2570:
2566:
2558:
2554:
2546:
2542:
2530:
2523:
2519:, pp. 7–8.
2515:
2511:
2503:
2499:
2483:
2479:
2459:
2455:
2443:
2439:
2431:
2424:
2412:
2408:
2396:
2392:
2384:
2380:
2368:
2364:
2352:
2348:
2340:
2336:
2320:
2316:
2304:
2300:
2292:
2288:
2264:
2260:
2256:, pp. 6–7.
2252:
2248:
2240:
2236:
2220:
2216:
2208:
2204:
2184:
2180:
2176:, pp. 5–6.
2172:
2168:
2156:
2149:
2137:
2133:
2121:
2117:
2113:, pp. 346.
2109:, p. 130;
2089:
2085:
2077:
2070:
2058:
2054:
2034:
2030:
2014:
2010:
1998:
1991:
1975:
1971:
1963:
1920:
1904:
1900:
1888:
1875:
1855:
1851:
1843:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1530:
1490:
1466:
1409:totalitarianism
1384:
1371:
1360:
1358:Nikolai Lebedev
1349:
1331:Dmitry Pletnyov
1319:Peter Kropotkin
1305:Reign of Terror
1289:
1196:state socialism
1143:
1018:
956:had taken place
872:London Congress
862:with a form of
852:
808:self-governance
673:Mikhail Bakunin
633:
590:Peter Kropotkin
575:Ottoman Empires
506:
501:
352:and joined the
350:Peter Kropotkin
272:
264:
260:
257:
230:
223:
222:Other political
215:
211:
208:
202:Political party
193:
185:
175:
167:
157:
144:
98:
92:
88:
87:5 December 1933
79:
66:
65:2 February 1869
60:
58:
50:
38:
31:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4534:
4524:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4334:
4333:
4324:
4319:
4312:
4311:External links
4309:
4307:
4306:
4276:
4262:
4243:
4221:
4197:
4179:(2): 277–288.
4168:
4156:10.2307/125955
4150:(4): 227–234.
4139:
4111:
4109:. p. 344.
4088:
4070:(3): 289–297.
4066:(in Russian).
4055:
4049:
4019:
3996:
3974:(in Spanish).
3966:
3937:
3931:
3909:
3903:
3885:. Malden, MA:
3878:
3872:
3854:. Malden, MA:
3847:
3810:
3804:
3779:
3757:
3724:
3691:
3677:
3656:
3642:
3611:
3597:
3571:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3520:
3516:Biryukova 2013
3508:
3504:Biryukova 2013
3496:
3484:
3480:Biryukova 2013
3472:
3460:
3448:
3436:
3434:, p. 6n7.
3432:Biryukova 2013
3424:
3422:, p. 370.
3404:
3392:
3386:, p. 20;
3376:
3372:Gooderham 1981
3364:
3352:
3342:, p. 14;
3340:Biryukova 2013
3332:
3316:
3312:Pittaluga 2017
3304:
3302:, p. 294.
3292:
3280:
3260:
3256:Biryukova 2013
3248:
3240:Biryukova 2013
3229:
3225:Biryukova 2013
3214:
3210:Biryukova 2013
3198:
3186:
3184:, p. 130.
3167:
3163:Biryukova 2013
3155:
3143:
3139:Biryukova 2013
3127:
3125:, p. 237.
3115:
3111:Biryukova 2013
3099:
3095:Biryukova 2013
3087:
3075:
3071:Biryukova 2013
3063:
3059:Biryukova 2013
3051:
3047:Biryukova 2013
3035:
3020:
3018:, p. 130.
3014:, p. 12;
3012:Biryukova 2013
3010:, p. 23;
3000:
2998:, p. 434.
2984:
2982:, p. 433.
2970:, p. 12;
2968:Biryukova 2013
2960:
2958:, p. 433.
2944:
2942:, p. 433.
2929:
2917:
2915:, p. 432.
2905:
2903:, p. 432.
2889:
2873:
2871:, p. 428.
2861:
2859:, p. 428.
2845:
2833:
2817:
2801:
2795:, p. 10;
2793:Biryukova 2013
2785:
2783:, p. 412.
2773:
2769:Biryukova 2013
2761:
2757:Biryukova 2013
2749:
2745:Biryukova 2013
2737:
2733:Biryukova 2013
2725:
2710:
2706:Biryukova 2013
2698:
2696:, p. 390.
2681:
2673:Biryukova 2013
2665:
2661:Biryukova 2013
2653:
2649:Gooderham 1981
2638:
2636:, p. 193.
2626:
2624:, p. 370.
2611:
2609:, p. 106.
2595:
2580:
2572:Biryukova 2013
2564:
2562:, p. 106.
2552:
2548:Biryukova 2013
2540:
2532:Biryukova 2013
2521:
2517:Biryukova 2013
2509:
2497:
2495:, p. 130.
2477:
2475:, p. 130.
2461:Biryukova 2013
2453:
2451:, p. 131.
2437:
2433:Biryukova 2013
2422:
2414:Biryukova 2013
2406:
2404:, p. 131.
2390:
2378:
2362:
2346:
2344:, p. 130.
2334:
2314:
2298:
2286:
2284:, p. 130.
2270:Biryukova 2013
2268:, p. 23;
2258:
2254:Biryukova 2013
2246:
2242:Biryukova 2013
2234:
2222:Biryukova 2013
2214:
2212:, p. 344.
2210:Khudinyan 2006
2202:
2194:Gooderham 1981
2190:Biryukova 2013
2188:, p. 38;
2178:
2174:Biryukova 2013
2166:
2147:
2131:
2129:, p. 346.
2125:, p. 38;
2115:
2095:Gooderham 1981
2093:, p. 38;
2083:
2068:
2066:, p. 240.
2052:
2050:, p. 131.
2036:Biryukova 2013
2028:
2020:Gooderham 1981
2018:, p. 38;
2008:
2006:, p. 130.
1989:
1987:, p. 130.
1979:, p. 23;
1969:
1918:
1916:, p. 130.
1906:Biryukova 2013
1898:
1890:Biryukova 2013
1873:
1849:
1845:Biryukova 2013
1829:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1754:
1739:
1724:
1709:
1694:
1679:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1647:
1636:
1625:
1614:
1603:
1592:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1528:Selected works
1526:
1465:
1462:
1383:
1380:
1297:Vladimir Lenin
1288:
1285:
1261:territoriality
1122:White movement
1073:conception of
1017:
1014:
970:field hospital
911:Gilan province
851:
848:
820:centralisation
812:Entente powers
632:
629:
617:Luigi Galleani
607:. He also met
505:
502:
500:
497:
493:tenants rights
436:Following the
391:Ottoman Empire
362:Russian Empire
292:
291:
286:
282:
281:
278:
274:
273:
262:
258:
255:
254:
252:
248:
247:
238:
234:
233:
225:
219:
218:
203:
199:
198:
197:
196:
188:
178:
170:
160:
154:
153:
150:
146:
145:
143:
142:
137:
132:
126:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
93:
91:(aged 64)
85:
81:
80:
77:Russian Empire
67:
56:
52:
51:
48:
40:
39:
33:
32:
29:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4533:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4466:Combat medics
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4332:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4284:
4283:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4263:0-921689-60-8
4259:
4255:
4251:
4250:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4222:1-85043-787-4
4218:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4140:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4112:
4108:
4100:
4096:
4095:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4064:Преподаватель
4061:
4056:
4052:
4046:
4042:
4034:
4030:
4029:
4028:Власть и тело
4024:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3938:
3934:
3928:
3924:
3917:
3916:
3910:
3906:
3904:9781405198073
3900:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3879:
3875:
3873:9781405198073
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3821:(1): 96–119.
3820:
3816:
3811:
3807:
3805:9781405198073
3801:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3765:
3764:
3758:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3643:9785852701374
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3598:0-691-00766-7
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3549:
3548:
3542:
3541:
3529:
3524:
3517:
3512:
3505:
3500:
3493:
3488:
3481:
3476:
3469:
3464:
3457:
3452:
3445:
3440:
3433:
3428:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3408:
3401:
3396:
3389:
3385:
3380:
3373:
3368:
3361:
3356:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3336:
3329:
3325:
3320:
3314:, p. 23.
3313:
3308:
3301:
3296:
3290:, p. 24.
3289:
3284:
3277:
3276:Mitchell 2010
3274:, p. 1;
3273:
3270:, p. 1;
3269:
3264:
3257:
3252:
3245:
3242:, p. 4;
3241:
3236:
3234:
3227:, p. 14.
3226:
3221:
3219:
3211:
3207:
3202:
3195:
3190:
3183:
3179:
3174:
3172:
3164:
3159:
3152:
3147:
3140:
3136:
3131:
3124:
3119:
3113:, p. 13.
3112:
3108:
3103:
3097:, p. 13.
3096:
3091:
3084:
3079:
3072:
3067:
3061:, p. 12.
3060:
3055:
3049:, p. 12.
3048:
3044:
3039:
3032:
3027:
3025:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3004:
2997:
2993:
2988:
2981:
2977:
2974:, p. 1;
2973:
2972:Mitchell 2010
2969:
2964:
2957:
2953:
2948:
2941:
2936:
2934:
2926:
2921:
2914:
2909:
2902:
2898:
2893:
2886:
2882:
2877:
2870:
2865:
2858:
2854:
2849:
2842:
2837:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2814:
2810:
2805:
2798:
2794:
2789:
2782:
2777:
2770:
2765:
2759:, p. 11.
2758:
2753:
2746:
2741:
2735:, p. 10.
2734:
2729:
2722:
2717:
2715:
2707:
2702:
2695:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2678:
2674:
2669:
2662:
2657:
2650:
2645:
2643:
2635:
2630:
2623:
2618:
2616:
2608:
2604:
2599:
2593:, p. 20.
2592:
2587:
2585:
2578:, p. 20.
2577:
2574:, p. 8;
2573:
2568:
2561:
2556:
2549:
2544:
2537:
2534:, p. 8;
2533:
2528:
2526:
2518:
2513:
2507:, p. 23.
2506:
2501:
2494:
2490:
2487:, p. 1;
2486:
2481:
2474:
2470:
2467:, p. 1;
2466:
2463:, p. 7;
2462:
2457:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2434:
2429:
2427:
2419:
2416:, p. 7;
2415:
2410:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2387:
2382:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2359:
2356:, p. 1;
2355:
2354:Mitchell 2010
2350:
2343:
2338:
2331:
2327:
2324:, p. 1;
2323:
2322:Mitchell 2010
2318:
2311:
2307:
2302:
2295:
2290:
2283:
2279:
2276:, p. 1;
2275:
2274:Mitchell 2010
2271:
2267:
2262:
2255:
2250:
2243:
2238:
2231:
2228:, p. 1;
2227:
2226:Mitchell 2010
2224:, p. 6;
2223:
2218:
2211:
2206:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2175:
2170:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2152:
2144:
2140:
2135:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2101:, p. 1;
2100:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2080:
2075:
2073:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2049:
2045:
2042:, p. 1;
2041:
2040:Mitchell 2010
2038:, p. 5;
2037:
2032:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1966:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1915:
1911:
1908:, p. 5;
1907:
1902:
1895:
1892:, p. 5;
1891:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1870:
1867:, p. 1;
1866:
1865:Mitchell 2010
1863:, p. 1;
1862:
1859:, p. 1;
1858:
1853:
1846:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1830:
1815:
1811:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1791:9785397031660
1788:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
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1669:
1666:
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1648:
1645:
1641:
1640:Дух погромный
1637:
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1478:United States
1475:
1471:
1461:
1459:
1455:
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1435:
1434:
1429:
1425:
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1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1236:imperialistic
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1184:human society
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1126:Nestor Makhno
1123:
1119:
1115:
1114:decentralised
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
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1056:
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1037:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
990:Kars province
987:
983:
979:
978:typhoid fever
975:
971:
967:
966:combat medics
963:
955:
951:
947:
942:
938:
936:
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928:
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829:
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821:
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797:
793:
778:
774:
770:
766:
765:Sante Caserio
762:
758:
754:
750:
745:
743:
742:Stepan Zorian
739:
738:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
712:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
661:
659:
658:Zamfir Arbore
654:
642:
638:
628:
626:
622:
621:Jacques Gross
618:
614:
610:
606:
601:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
578:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
559:
555:'s newspaper
554:
550:
546:
543:. During his
542:
538:
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57:
53:
46:
41:
34:
27:
22:
19:
4281:
4248:
4204:
4176:
4172:
4147:
4143:
4131:. Retrieved
4119:
4098:
4093:
4067:
4063:
4032:
4027:
4010:
3975:
3971:
3945:
3914:
3882:
3851:
3818:
3814:
3783:
3762:
3749:. Retrieved
3737:Fifth Estate
3735:
3695:
3664:
3660:
3625:
3620:
3578:
3575:Avrich, Paul
3555:Johannesburg
3546:
3537:Bibliography
3523:
3511:
3499:
3487:
3475:
3463:
3451:
3439:
3427:
3407:
3395:
3379:
3367:
3360:Slatter 1994
3355:
3344:Slatter 1994
3335:
3319:
3307:
3295:
3283:
3278:, p. 1.
3263:
3258:, p. 4.
3251:
3201:
3189:
3158:
3146:
3130:
3118:
3102:
3090:
3083:Slatter 1994
3078:
3066:
3054:
3038:
3003:
2987:
2963:
2947:
2920:
2908:
2892:
2876:
2864:
2848:
2836:
2820:
2804:
2788:
2776:
2764:
2752:
2740:
2728:
2708:, p. 9.
2701:
2668:
2656:
2629:
2598:
2567:
2555:
2550:, p. 8.
2543:
2512:
2500:
2480:
2456:
2440:
2435:, p. 7.
2409:
2393:
2381:
2365:
2349:
2337:
2317:
2301:
2289:
2261:
2249:
2244:, p. 6.
2237:
2217:
2205:
2200:, p. 1.
2181:
2169:
2134:
2118:
2086:
2055:
2031:
2024:Johnson 2015
2011:
1972:
1901:
1852:
1847:, p. 5.
1814:
1782:
1778:
1765:
1750:
1735:
1720:
1705:
1690:
1675:
1570:
1519:
1512:
1486:
1467:
1449:
1431:
1421:
1413:Soviet Union
1401:
1388:
1385:
1338:Emma Goldman
1335:
1324:
1290:
1254:
1250:
1248:
1159:
1155:
1136:
1130:
1102:social order
1095:
1090:Black Guards
1058:
1052:
1033:
1019:
980:and went on
959:
918:
888:
853:
843:
776:
772:
746:
735:
719:
718:and Grave's
715:
713:
704:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
664:
662:
634:
602:
585:
579:
556:
526:
507:
470:
435:
423:combat medic
418:
382:
376:
369:
339:
321:
296:
295:
224:affiliations
190:
180:
172:
164:
158:Notable work
89:(1933-12-05)
18:
4351:1933 deaths
4346:1869 births
4213:I.B. Tauris
4133:14 November
3978:(5): 7–36.
3923:Novosibirsk
3751:14 November
3300:Ryabov 2009
3244:Selbuz 2006
3206:Avrich 1971
3194:Avrich 1971
3178:Avrich 1971
3151:Avrich 1971
3135:Avrich 1971
3123:Avrich 1971
3107:Avrich 1971
3043:Avrich 1971
3031:Avrich 1971
2992:Avrich 1971
2952:Avrich 1971
2897:Avrich 1971
2881:Selbuz 2006
2677:Selbuz 2006
2536:Selbuz 2006
2489:Selbuz 2006
2469:Selbuz 2006
2418:Selbuz 2006
2398:Selbuz 2006
2358:Selbuz 2006
2326:Selbuz 2006
2278:Selbuz 2006
2230:Selbuz 2006
2186:Avrich 1971
2158:Selbuz 2006
2139:Selbuz 2006
2123:Avrich 1971
2103:Selbuz 2006
2091:Avrich 1971
2060:Selbuz 2006
2044:Selbuz 2006
2016:Avrich 1971
2000:Selbuz 2006
1981:Selbuz 2006
1965:Selbuz 2006
1910:Selbuz 2006
1894:Selbuz 2006
1869:Selbuz 2006
1773:Collections
1491: [
1488:La Antorcha
1454:Paul Avrich
1372: [
1361: [
1350: [
1307:during the
1281:Lev Kamenev
1204:wage labour
1180:eusociality
1172:cooperation
1152:cooperative
1144: [
962:World War I
952:, where an
779:(Armenian:
609:Max Nettlau
427:World War I
374:in Geneva.
332:Switzerland
231:(1917–1918)
216:(1890–1896)
209:(1889–1890)
194:(1919—1922)
186:(1917—1918)
168:(1891—1894)
123:Occupations
103:Nationality
73:Elizavetpol
4340:Categories
4084:1404732200
3720:2838173312
3712:1413730574
3607:1154930946
3567:1048122318
3324:Adams 2003
3288:Adams 2003
3272:Melis 2010
3268:Heath 2009
3008:Adams 2003
2505:Adams 2003
2485:Melis 2010
2465:Melis 2010
2445:Evren 2007
2386:Adams 2003
2374:Evren 2007
2370:Adams 2003
2306:Adams 2003
2266:Adams 2003
2198:Heath 2009
2099:Heath 2009
1977:Adams 2003
1861:Melis 2010
1857:Heath 2009
1826:References
1502:anarchist
1433:Delo Truda
1428:retirement
1301:Red Terror
1210:based on "
1192:capitalism
1164:mutual aid
1104:, without
1040:Bolsheviks
1002:Karakilisa
982:sick leave
931:pharmacist
605:Jean Grave
549:typesetter
446:Bolsheviks
387:oppression
336:typesetter
61:1869-02-02
4302:2712-2522
4290:Ljubljana
4239:848668227
4185:0037-6795
4076:2073-9613
3992:2393-6584
3962:760090349
3954:1815-8870
3835:0037-6795
3746:0015-0800
3687:840427393
3585:Princeton
3577:(1971) .
3412:Piir 2012
2853:Shub 1953
2825:Shub 1953
2809:Shub 1953
2634:Piir 2012
2603:Piir 2012
1799:840427393
1764:" (1922,
1749:" (1920,
1734:" (1920,
1721:Anarkhiia
1719:" (1918,
1706:Anarkhiia
1704:" (1918,
1689:" (1894,
1674:" (1894,
1578:Pamphlets
1571:Anarkhiia
1569:" (1917,
1468:Although
1417:repressed
1327:pneumonia
1265:statehood
1176:evolution
1137:Anarkhiia
1035:Anarkhiia
994:residency
909:, in the
884:West Asia
850:Move east
796:despotism
689:Anarchism
522:physician
499:Biography
313:publisher
309:physician
289:Atabekian
182:Anarkhiia
152:1889—1925
140:publisher
130:Physician
113:Education
4272:21156316
4254:Montreal
4231:93-61265
4128:65399183
4025:(2020).
4002:(2017).
3730:(2007).
3716:ProQuest
3652:29600430
3559:Zabalaza
1768:no. 6–7)
1662:Articles
1613:" (1918)
1591:" (1917)
1448:and the
1442:Temnikov
1438:lagpunkt
1216:equality
1208:morality
899:Istanbul
895:Bulgaria
798:and the
594:Armenian
537:medicine
533:Caucasus
301:Armenian
277:Children
237:Movement
107:Armenian
4193:4211477
1753:no. 11)
1723:no. 90)
1708:no. 83)
1691:Hamaink
1676:Hamaink
1547:Letters
1411:in the
1293:Dmitrov
1240:borders
1220:justice
1212:freedom
1071:Marxist
1063:utopian
919:Hamaink
874:of the
844:Hamaink
788:
781:Համայնք
777:Hamaink
737:Droshak
598:Russian
571:Russian
569:in the
558:Hunchak
539:at the
468:(NEP).
425:during
419:Hamaink
383:Hamaink
371:Droshak
341:Hunchak
271:
263:
259:
173:Hamaink
4300:
4270:
4260:
4237:
4229:
4219:
4209:London
4191:
4183:
4164:125955
4162:
4126:
4101:]
4082:
4074:
4047:
4041:Moscow
4035:]
3990:
3960:
3952:
3929:
3901:
3870:
3841:
3833:
3802:
3744:
3718:
3710:
3685:
3675:
3669:Moscow
3650:
3640:
3630:Moscow
3605:
3595:
3565:
1797:
1789:
1766:Pochin
1751:Pochin
1738:no. 3)
1736:Pochin
1693:no. 3)
1678:no. 1)
1573:no. 7)
1533:Thesis
1464:Legacy
1424:stroke
1389:Pochin
1251:Pochin
1200:profit
1160:Pochin
1156:Pochin
1026:Moscow
836:Russia
832:Poland
824:France
753:France
699:, and
641:London
510:Shushi
442:Moscow
285:Family
251:Spouse
191:Pochin
176:(1894)
135:author
95:Moscow
69:Shusha
26:Doctor
4286:(PDF)
4189:JSTOR
4160:JSTOR
4103:(PDF)
4097:[
4037:(PDF)
4031:[
4007:(PDF)
3919:(PDF)
3839:JSTOR
3767:(PDF)
3663:[
3624:[
3551:(PDF)
1806:Notes
1760:" / "
1745:" / "
1730:" / "
1715:" / "
1700:" / "
1685:" / "
1653:" / "
1642:" / "
1631:" / "
1620:" / "
1609:" / "
1598:" / "
1587:" / "
1565:" / "
1495:]
1458:Gulag
1376:]
1365:]
1354:]
1269:Cheka
1224:state
1148:]
1006:Khnus
948:near
929:as a
907:Rasht
903:İzmir
840:Spain
828:Italy
473:Gulag
413:, in
411:Rasht
379:Paris
265:(
261:
4298:ISSN
4268:OCLC
4258:ISBN
4235:OCLC
4227:LCCN
4217:ISBN
4181:ISSN
4135:2023
4124:OCLC
4080:OCLC
4072:ISSN
4045:ISBN
3988:ISSN
3958:OCLC
3950:ISSN
3927:ISBN
3899:ISBN
3868:ISBN
3831:ISSN
3800:ISBN
3753:2023
3742:ISSN
3708:OCLC
3683:OCLC
3673:ISBN
3648:OCLC
3638:ISBN
3603:OCLC
3593:ISBN
3563:OCLC
1795:OCLC
1787:ISBN
1367:and
1340:and
1263:and
1218:and
1182:and
1166:and
1116:and
1088:The
1008:and
974:Baku
915:Iran
901:and
838:and
818:and
786:lit.
757:Lyon
691:and
619:and
596:and
573:and
551:for
491:and
415:Iran
315:and
84:Died
55:Born
4152:doi
4068:ХХI
3980:doi
3891:doi
3860:doi
3823:doi
3792:doi
3773:).
3771:PhD
3702:).
3700:PhD
1670:/ "
1440:in
1178:of
1010:Muş
988:in
972:in
950:Muş
913:of
882:in
763:by
703:'s
675:'s
330:in
4342::
4329:–
4292::
4288:.
4266:.
4252:.
4233:.
4225:.
4211::
4207:.
4187:.
4177:72
4175:.
4158:.
4148:12
4146:.
4118:.
4078:.
4009:.
3986:.
3956:.
3944:.
3897:.
3866:.
3837:.
3829:.
3819:93
3817:.
3798:.
3734:.
3714:.
3706:.
3681:.
3646:.
3632::
3601:.
3591:.
3587::
3583:.
3557::
3553:.
3232:^
3217:^
3170:^
3023:^
2932:^
2883:;
2713:^
2684:^
2675:;
2641:^
2614:^
2583:^
2524:^
2491:;
2471:;
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2328:;
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2062:;
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2002:;
1992:^
1983:;
1921:^
1912:;
1876:^
1833:^
1793:;
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1374:ru
1363:ru
1352:ru
1214:,
1146:uk
1081:.
1050:.
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937:.
886:.
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830:,
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577:.
524:.
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267:m.
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4154::
4086:.
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3769:(
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1561:"
1538:"
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299:(
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63:)
59:(
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