Electric car - Knowledge

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800-volt. Connecting a vehicle that can accommodate very fast charging to a charging station with a very high rate of charge can refill the vehicle's battery to 80% in 15 minutes. Vehicles and charging stations with slower charging speeds may take as long as two hours to refill a battery to 80%. As with a mobile phone, the final 20% takes longer because the systems slow down to fill the battery safely and avoid damaging it.

3628: 2247: 2642: 3104: 1984: 1304: 10031:"The top 5 global best selling plug-in electric cars during the first half of 2023 were the Tesla Model Y (579,552), the Tesla Model 3 (279,320), the BYD Song (BEV + PHEV) with 259,723, the BYD Qin Plus (BEV + PHEV) with 204,529 and the BYD Yuan Plus/Atto 3 (201,505). The Wuling Hongguang Mini EV sold 122,052 units, the BYD Han (BEV + PHEV) 96,437 units and the VW ID.4 86,481 units." 9528:"Tesla led plug-in car sales among automotive groups in 2019, with 367,849 units delivered, followed by BYD with 225,757, and the Renault-Nissan Alliance with 183,299. Accounting just for the all-electric segment (1.6 million electric cars sold in 2019), again Tesla was the leader, followed by BAIC (163,838), BYD (153,085), the Renault-Nissan Alliance (132,762), and SAIC (105,573)." 6723: 9354:"The top 5 global best selling plug-in electric cars in 2022 were the Tesla Model Y (771,300), the BYD Song (BEV + PHEV) with 477,094, the Tesla Model 3 (476,336), the Wuling Hongguang Mini EV (424,031), and the BYD Qin Plus (BEV + PHEV) with 315,236. BYD Han (BEV + PHEV) sales totaled 273,323 units, BYD Yuan Plus 201,744 and VW ID.4 174,092 units." 9449:"Global sales totaled 2,209,831 plug-in passenger cars in 2019, with a BEV to PHEV ratio of 74:26, and a global market share of 2.5%. The world's top selling plug-in car was the Tesla Model 3 with 300,075 units delivered, and Tesla was the top selling manufacturer of plug-in passenger cars in 2019 with 367,820 units, followed by BYD with 229,506." 1479:. Better Place filed for bankruptcy in Israel in May 2013. The company's financial difficulties were caused by mismanagement, wasteful efforts to establish toeholds and run pilots in too many countries, the high investment required to develop the charging and swapping infrastructure, and a market penetration far lower than originally predicted. 9420:"Global sales totaled 3,124,793 plug-in passenger cars in 2020, with a BEV to PHEV ratio of 69:31, and a global market share of 4%. The world's top selling plug-in car was the Tesla Model 3 with 365,240 units delivered, and Tesla was the top selling manufacturer of plug-in passenger cars in 2019 with 499,535 units, followed by VW with 220,220." 1320: 2026:

benefits to the occupant, while increasing harm to others. On average, an accident will cause about 50% more injuries to the occupants of a 2,000 lb (900 kg) vehicle than those in a 3,000 lb (1,400 kg) vehicle. Heavier cars are more dangerous to people outside the car if they hit a pedestrian or another vehicle.

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Electricity was among the preferred methods for automobile propulsion in the late-19th and early-20th centuries, providing a level of comfort and an ease of operation that could not be achieved by the gasoline-driven cars of the time. The electric vehicle fleet peaked at approximately 30,000 vehicles

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became the world's all-time best-selling electric car in early 2020, and in June 2021 became the first electric car to pass 1 million global sales. Together with other emerging automotive technologies such as autonomous driving, connected vehicles and shared mobility, electric cars form a future

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Sales figures includes passenger and light utility variants. Click on the corresponding link to download the file "MONTHLY-SALES-12-2022.XLSX - 588 Ko", and open the tab "Sales by Model (2)" to access sales figures for cumulative sales CYTD 2022 and revised CYTD 2021. Global Zoe sales totaled 40,544

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In the year of 2021, the total number of electric cars on the world's roads went to about 16.5 million. The sales of electric cars in the first quarter of 2022 went up to 2 million. China has the largest all-electric car fleet in use, with 2.58 million at the end of 2019, more than half (53.9%)

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See pp. 24 and 39. Since the launch of the Renault electric program, the Group has sold more than 252,000 electric vehicles in Europe and more than 273,550 electric vehicles worldwide. Since inception, a total of 181,893 Zoe cars, 48,821 Kangoo Z.E. electric vans and 29,118 Twitzy quadricycles have

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This starter motor first showed up on the 1912 Cadillac, which also had the first complete electrical system, since the starter doubled as a generator once the engine was running. Other automakers were slow to adopt the new technology, but electric starter motors would be ubiquitous within the next

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surpassed the Leaf in early 2020 to become the world's cumulative best selling electric car. Tesla produced its 1 millionth electric car in March 2020, becoming the first auto manufacturer to do so, and in June 2021, the Model 3 became the first electric car to pass 1 million sales. Tesla

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As with all lithium-ion batteries, electric vehicle batteries may degrade over long periods of time, especially if they are frequently charged to 100%; however, this may take at least several years before being noticeable. A typical warranty is 8 years or 100,000 mi (160,000 km), but they

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Technical Standard 50717, has been approved in late 2022. Following standards, encompassing "full interoperability" and a "unified and interoperable solution" for ground-level power supply, are scheduled to be published by the end 2024, detailing complete "specifications for communication and power

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in 2024 indicates that between 2013 and 2017 in the United Kingdom, electric cars killed pedestrians at twice the rate of petrol or diesel vehicles because "they are less audible to pedestrians in urban areas". Jurisdictions have passed laws requiring electric vehicles to be manufactured with sound

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Electric motors are more efficient than internal combustion engines in converting stored energy into driving a vehicle. However, they are not equally efficient at all speeds. To allow for this, some cars with dual electric motors have one electric motor with a gear optimised for city speeds and the

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See Statistical annex, pp. 247–252 (See Tables A.1 and A.12). The global stock of plug-in electric passenger vehicles totaled 7.2 million cars at the end of 2019, of which, 47% were on the road in China. The stock of plug-in cars consist of 4.8 million battery electric cars (66.6%) and 2.4 million

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Sales of new energy vehicles totaled 1,206,000 units in 2019, down 4.0% from 2018, and includes 2,737 fuel cell vehicles. Battery electric vehicle sales totaled 972,000 units (down 1.2%) and plug-in hybrid sales totaled 232,000 vehicles (down 14.5%). Sales figures include passenger cars, buses and

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Most electric cars are fitted with a display of the expected range. This may take into account how the vehicle is being used and what the battery is powering. However, since factors can vary over the route, the estimate can vary from the actual range. The display allows the driver to make informed

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The range of an electric car depends on the number and type of batteries used, and (as with all vehicles), the aerodynamics, weight and type of vehicle, performance requirements, and the weather. Cars marketed for mainly city use are often manufactured with a short range battery to keep them small

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A 2022 survey found that 33% of car buyers in Europe will opt for a petrol or diesel car when purchasing a new vehicle. 67% of the respondents mentioned opting for the hybrid or electric version. More specifically, it found that electric cars are only preferred by 28% of Europeans, making them the

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Sales figures includes passenger and light utility variants. Click on the corresponding link to download the file "MONTHLY-SALES-06-2023.XLSX - 69 Ko", and open the tab "Models" to access sales figures for cumulative sales CYTD 2023 through June. Global Zoe sales totaled 11,131 units in the first

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We are confident that, were we to summon all the judges and staff of the past 70 years, we would come to a rapid consensus: No vehicle we've awarded, be it Car of the Year, Import Car of the Year, SUV of the Year, or Truck of the Year, can equal the impact, performance, and engineering excellence

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Chinese sales of domestically-built new energy vehicles in 2017 totaled 777,000, consisting of 652,000 all-electric vehicles and 125,000 plug-in hybrid vehicles. Sales of domestically-produced new energy passenger vehicles totaled 579,000 units, consisting of 468,000 all-electric cars and 111,000

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Charging an electric vehicle using public charging stations takes longer than refueling a fossil fuel vehicle. The speed at which a vehicle can recharge depends on the charging station's charging speed and the vehicle's own capacity to receive a charge. As of 2021 some cars are 400-volt and some

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The weight of the batteries themselves usually makes an EV heavier than a comparable gasoline vehicle. In a collision, the occupants of a heavy vehicle will, on average, suffer fewer and less serious injuries than the occupants of a lighter vehicle; therefore, the additional weight brings safety

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lowers the center of gravity, increasing driving stability, lowering the risk of an accident through loss of control. Additionally, a lower center of gravity provides a greater resistance to roll-over crashes.If there is a separate motor near or in each wheel, this is claimed to be safer due to

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Some activists and journalists have raised concerns over the perceived lack of impact of electric cars in solving the climate change crisis compared to other, less popularized methods. These concerns have largely centered around the existence of less carbon-intensive and more efficient forms of

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reported that sales of electric vehicles had reached six percent of all US light-duty automotive sales, the highest volume of EV sales ever recorded at 187,000 vehicles. This was an 11% sales increase, as opposed to a 1.3% increase in gasoline and diesel-powered units. The report indicated that

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have occurred, albeit fewer per distance traveled than ICE vehicles. Some cars' high-voltage systems are designed to shut down automatically in the event of an airbag deployment, and in case of failure firefighters may be trained for manual high-voltage system shutdown. Much more water may be

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Depending on the production process and the source of the electricity to charge the vehicle, emissions may be partly shifted from cities to the plants that generate electricity and produce the car as well as to the transportation of material. The amount of carbon dioxide emitted depends on the

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energy source that provide propulsion for the wheels. The term generally refers to highway-capable automobiles, but there are also low-speed electric vehicles with limitations in terms of weight, power and maximum speed that are allowed to travel on public roads. The latter are classified as

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said 40% of the vehicles GM will offer in the United States will be battery electric vehicles by the end of 2025. GM's "BEV3" next-generation electric vehicle platform is designed to be flexible for use in many different vehicle types, such as front, rear and all-wheel drive configurations.

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is another leading electric vehicle manufacturer, with the majority of its sales coming from China. From 2018 to 2023, BYD produced nearly 3.18 million purely plug-in electric car, with 1,574,822 of those were produced in 2023 alone. In the fourth quarter of 2023, BYD surpassed Tesla as the

3836:" and initialed as MEB. In November 2020 it announced the intention to invest $ 86 billion in the following five years, aimed at developing EVs and increasing its share in the EV market. Total capital expenditure will include "digital factories", automotive software and self-driving cars. 1509:

expanded rapidly with government support. Several automakers marked up the prices of their electric vehicles in anticipation of the subsidy adjustments, including Tesla, Volkswagen and Guangzhou-based GAC Group, which counts Fiat, Honda, Isuzu, Mitsubishi, and Toyota as foreign partners.

3416:. A variety of policies have been established to provide: financial support to consumers and manufacturers; non-monetary incentives; subsidies for the deployment of charging infrastructure; electric vehicle charging stations in buildings; and long-term regulations with specific targets. 3776:

Electric vehicles (EVs) have gained significant traction as an integral component of the global automotive landscape in recent years. Major automakers from around the world have adopted EVs as a critical component of their strategic plans, indicating a paradigm shift toward sustainable

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To avoid using part of the battery's energy for heating and thus reducing the range, some models allow the cabin to be heated while the car is plugged in. For example, the Nissan Leaf, the Mitsubishi i-MiEV, Renault Zoe and Tesla cars can be pre-heated while the vehicle is plugged in.

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Combustion powered cars harness waste heat from the engine to provide cabin heating, but this option is not available in an electric vehicle. While heating can be provided with an electric resistance heater, higher efficiency and integral cooling can be obtained with a reversible

9478:"Global sales totaled 2,018,247 plug-in passenger cars in 2018, with a BEV:PHEV ratio of 69:31, and a market share of 2.1%. The world's top selling plug-in car was the Tesla Model 3, and Tesla was the top selling manufacturer of plug-in passenger cars in 2018, followed by BYD." 2238:. Compared to fossil fuel vehicles, the need for charging using public infrastructure is diminished because of the opportunities for home charging; vehicles can be plugged in and begin each day with a full charge. Charging from a standard outlet is also possible but very slow. 9837:

Since it launched its electric program, Renault has sold more than 370,000 electric vehicles in Europe and more than 397,000 worldwide: 284,800 ZOE, 59,150 KANGOO Z.E., 11,400 FLUENCE Z.E./SM3 Z.E., 4,600 K-Z.E., 31,100 TWIZY, 770 MASTER Z.E. and 5,100 TWINGO Electric in

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Electricity almost always costs less than gasoline per kilometer travelled, but the price of electricity often varies depending on where and what time of day the car is charged. Cost savings are also affected by the price of gasoline which can vary by location.

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technologies the most likely candidate for electric roads, and recommended adopting a European electric road standard formulated with Sweden, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Poland, and others. France plans to invest 30 to 40 billion euro by 2035 in an

1824:, 47% of car buyers over 65 years old are likely to purchase a hybrid vehicle, while 31% of younger respondents do not consider hybrid vehicles a good option. 35% would rather opt for a petrol or diesel vehicle, and 24% for an electric car instead of a hybrid. 1855:

Many electric cars have faster acceleration than average ICE cars, largely due to reduced drivetrain frictional losses and the more quickly-available torque of an electric motor. However, NEVs may have a low acceleration due to their relatively weak motors.

1852:. Batteries can be designed to supply the electrical current needed to support these motors. Electric motors have a flat torque curve down to zero speed. For simplicity and reliability, most electric cars use fixed-ratio gearboxes and have no clutch. 7667:

National Research Council; Transportation Research Board; Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences; Board on Energy and Environmental Systems; Committee on the Effectiveness and Impact of Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Standards (2002).

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to supply electricity for recharging. Electric vehicle charging plugs are not universal throughout the world. However vehicles using one type of plug are generally able to charge at other types of charging stations through the use of plug adapters.

3579:(for example, no-drive days), have these schemes exclude electric vehicles to promote their adoption. Several countries, including England and India, are introducing regulations that require electric vehicle charging stations in certain buildings. 1749:. Similar to ICE vehicles, electric cars emit particulates from tyre and brake wear which may damage health, although regenerative braking in electric cars means less brake dust. More research is needed on non-exhaust particulates. The sourcing of 4077:

Announced the intention to sell only electric and hybrid cars in China from 2025, introducing nine new models. Nissan other plans includes manufacturing, by 2035, half zero-emission vehicles and half gasoline-electric hybrid vehicles. In 2018

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Financial incentives for consumers are aiming to make electric car purchase price competitive with conventional cars due to the higher upfront cost of electric vehicles. Depending on battery size, there are one-time purchase incentives such as

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was the world's top selling plug-in electric car in 2015 and 2016, its Model 3 has been the world's best selling plug-in electric car for four consecutive years, from 2018 to 2021, and the Model Y was the top selling plug-in car in 2022. The

1354: 9393:"The top 3 global best selling plug-in electric cars in 2021 were the Tesla Model 3 (500,713), the Wuling Hongguang Mini EV (424,138), and the Tesla Model Y (410,517). Nissan Leaf sales totaled 64,201 units and Chery eQ 68,821 units." 1406:

such as electric vehicles. In response, automakers developed electric models. These early cars were eventually withdrawn from the U.S. market, because of a massive campaign by the US automakers to discredit the idea of electric cars.

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distance varies by country depending on the taxes, subsidies, and different costs of energy. In some countries the comparison may vary by city, as a type of car may have different charges to enter different cities; for example, in

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that slows the vehicle and recharges the battery somewhat. Regenerative braking systems also decrease the use of the conventional brakes (similar to engine braking in an ICE vehicle), reducing brake wear and maintenance costs.

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plug-in hybrids (33.3%). In addition, the stock of light commercial plug-in electric vehicles in use totaled 378 thousand units in 2019, and about half a million electric buses were in circulation, most of which are in China.

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which is expected to begin production in 2023. Built from carbon fibre, it has a range of about 560 km (350 miles) and can accelerate from 0–130 km/h (0–80 mph) in about 4 secs. In Turkey, the EV company

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44% Chinese car buyers, on the other hand, are the most likely to buy an electric car, while 38% of Americans would opt for a hybrid car, 33% would prefer petrol or diesel, while only 29% would go for an electric car.

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In the main markets (Europe, Japan, the US, China) 15 Alliance plants already produce parts, motors, batteries for 10 EV models on the streets, with more than 1 million EV cars sold so far and 30 billion e-kilometers

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In a June 2022 report by AlixPartners, the cost for raw materials on an average EV rose from $ 3,381 in March 2020 to $ 8,255 in May 2022. The cost increase voice is attributed mainly to lithium, nickel, and cobalt.

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that can accommodate a three-row SUV, sporty sedan, small crossover or a boxy compact. Toyota and Subaru will release a new EV on a shared platform; it will be about the size of a Toyota RAV4 or a Subaru Forester.

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Our global EV forecast is for a compound annual growth rate of 29 per cent achieved over the next ten years: Total EV sales growing from 2.5 million in 2020 to 11.2 million in 2025, then reaching 31.1 million by

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A Reuters analysis of 29 global automakers concluded that automakers are planning on spending $ 300 billion over the next 5 to 10 years on electric cars, with 45% of that investment projected to occur in China.

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See Statistical annex, pp. 210–213. The global stock of plug-in electric passenger cars totaled 5,122,460 units at the end of 2018, of which, 3,290,800 (64.2%) were battery electric cars (See Tables A.1 and

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2008: The Tesla Roadster becomes the first production electric vehicle to use lithium-ion battery cells as well as the first production electric vehicle to have a range of over 200 miles on a single charge.

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The Model Y first emerged as a best seller in the first quarter of last year, and now data firm Jato Dynamics has confirmed that it maintained this status for the entire year, selling 1.23 million cars.

6143: 9107: 6448: 5883: 5189: 4719: 1263: 4574:[China Automobile Association: In 2018, the production and sales of new energy vehicles exceeded 1.25 million units, a year-on-year increase of 60%] (in Chinese). D1EV.com. 14 January 2019 11415: 9732: 6052: 5914: 7915: 4775: 10157: 1523:

passed the Nissan Leaf to become the world's all-time best-selling electric car, with more than 500,000 units delivered; it reached the milestone of 1 million global sales in June 2021.

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In the EU and US, but not yet China, the total cost of ownership of recent electric cars is cheaper than that of equivalent gasoline cars, due to lower fueling and maintenance costs. A 2024

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listed as one of major all-electric vehicle manufacturers, with global all-electric vehicle sales totaling over 1 million light-duty electric vehicles, including those manufactured by

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See pp. 9–10, 19–23, 29–28, and Statistical annex, pp. 107–113. The global stock of plug-in electric passenger cars totaled 3,109,050 units, of which, 1,928,360 were battery electric cars.

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periods, when the cost of generation can be very high, electric vehicles with vehicle-to-grid capabilities could contribute energy to the grid. These vehicles can then be recharged during

2234:; sometimes known as a charging point, wallbox charger, or simply a charger; in a garage or on the outside of a house. As of 2021 typical home chargers are 7 kW, but not all include 3862:

Announced that it is boosting its EV and self-driving investment from $ 20 billion to $ 27 billion, and it currently plans to have 30 EVs on the market by the end of 2025 (including: the

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Plug-in sales totaled 3.24 million in 2020, up from 2.26 million in 2019. Europe, with nearly 1.4 million untits surpassed China as the largest EV market for the first time since 2015.

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spanning 8,800 kilometers that recharges electric cars, buses and trucks while driving. Two tenders for assessment of electric road technologies are expected to be announced by 2023.

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for four years running, from 2018 to 2021. At the end of 2021, Tesla's global cumulative sales since 2012 totaled 2.3 million units, with 936,222 of those delivered in 2021.

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The global share of plug-in electric cars by brand in 2018 was led by Tesla with 12%, followed by BYD with 11%, BMW with 9%, BAIC with 6%, and Roewe and Nissan, both with 5%.

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and USB fans or coolers, or by automatically allowing outside air to flow through the car when parked; two models of the 2010 Toyota Prius include this feature as an option.

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predicted that the total global stock of EVs would reach almost 145 million by 2030 under current policies, or 230 million if Sustainable Development policies were adopted.

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Globally, according to Inovev, the biggest selling car in 2020 was the Tesla Model 3 – 365,240 with a 17% market share - followed by the Wuling Hong Guang Mini EV (127,651)

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Plans 12 all electric vehicles by 2025, using a fifth-generation electric powertrain architecture, which will save weight and cost and increase capacity. BMW has ordered

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from 2013. The assessment was scheduled to conclude in 2022. The first standard for electrical equipment on board a vehicle powered by a rail electric road system (ERS),

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Lithium-ion-based batteries are often used for their high power and energy density. Batteries with different chemical compositions are becoming more widely used, such as

1188:. During the 20th century, the main manufacturers of electric vehicles in the United States included Anthony Electric, Baker, Columbia, Anderson, Edison, Riker, Milburn, 1287: 9556:"Tesla led plug-in car sales among automotive groups in 2018, with 245,240 units delivered, followed by BYD with 229,338, and the Renault-Nissan Alliance with 192,711." 4353:"Governor Newsom Announces California Will Phase Out Gasoline-Powered Cars & Drastically Reduce Demand for Fossil Fuel in California's Fight Against Climate Change" 1674:

Leasing or subscriptions are popular in some countries, depending somewhat on national taxes and subsidies, and end of lease cars are expanding the second hand market.

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Four out of ten Europeans interviewed for the European Investment Bank climate survey thought subsidies for electric cars should be a priority to fight climate change.

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second electric motor with a gear optimised for highway speeds. The electronics select the motor that has the best efficiency for the current speed and acceleration.

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The cost of installing charging infrastructure has been estimated to be repaid by health cost savings in less than three years. According to a 2020 study, balancing

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hours at cheaper rates while helping to absorb excess night time generation. The batteries in the vehicles serve as a distributed storage system to buffer power.

14264: 11509: 11488: 11418:[Went into effec law that gives benefits to owners of electric vehicles in Colombia] (in Spanish). Revista Movilidad Eléctrica Sostenible. Archived from 6741:"A global comparison of the life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of combustion engine and electric passenger cars | International Council on Clean Transportation" 2351: 1471:

to build the world's first Electric Recharge Grid Operator (ERGO) model for Israel. Under the agreement, Better Place would build the electric recharge grid and

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supply and demand for the rest of the century will require good recycling systems, vehicle-to-grid integration, and lower lithium intensity of transportation.

1007:, as of 2020, the total cost of ownership of recent electric vehicles is cheaper than that of equivalent ICE cars, due to lower fueling and maintenance costs. 12346:

All new Infiniti models launched from 2021 will be either electric or so-called "e-Power" hybrids, Saikawa told the Automotive News World Congress in Detroit.

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See table New Passenger Car Registrations By Market in the EU + EFTA - Total Electric Rechargeable Vehicles: Total EU + EFTA in Q1-Q4 2017 and Q1-Q4 2016.

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supply through conductive rails embedded in the road". The first permanent electric road in Sweden is planned to be completed by 2026 on a section of the

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may be present, the modes "P" and "N" are often still provided on the selector. In this case, the motor is disabled in "N" and an electrically actuated

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See table New Passenger Car Registrations By Market in the EU + EFTA - Total Electric Rechargeable Vehicles: Total EU + EFTA in Q1-Q4 2018 and 2019.

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Chinese sales of new energy vehicles in 2018 totaled 1.256 million, consisting of 984,000 all-electric vehicles and 271,000 plug-in hybrid vehicles.

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is more than a quarter of the total cost of the car. Purchase prices are expected to drop below those of new ICE cars when battery costs fall below

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Announced that it plans 23 pure electric cars by 2025. Hyundai will announce its next generation electric vehicle platform, named e-GMP, in 2021.

1968:-fueled units manufactured by Webasto or Eberspächer) but sacrifice "green" and "Zero emissions" credentials. Cabin cooling can be augmented with 1610:

may be cheaper, as development cost is lower; however, for higher production, a dedicated platform may be preferred to optimize design, and cost.

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plug-in hybrids. Only domestically built all-electric vehicles, plug-in hybrids and fuel cell vehicles qualify for government subsidies in China.

4522:[China Auto Association: 2016 new energy vehicle production and sales were over 500,000, an increase of about 50%] (in Chinese). D1EV.com 4467: 1303: 12093: 9543: 7714: 11881: 11832: 11776: 5414: 3715: 2368: 1995: 11858: 8849: 6579: 5941: 12306: 12284: 11211: 8297: 7994: 6769: 4533:

Chinese sales of new energy vehicles in 2016 totaled 507,000, consisting of 409,000 all-electric vehicles and 98,000 plug-in hybrid vehicles.

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in 2008 and 2009. The company planned to deploy the infrastructure on a country-by-country basis. In January 2008, Better Place announced a

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See table New Passenger Car Registrations By Market in the EU + EFTA - Total Electric Rechargeable Vehicles: Total EU + EFTA in Q1-Q4 2015.

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NEV sales in China totaled 3.521 million in 2021 (all classes), consisting of 3.334 million passenger cars and 186,000 commercial vehicles.

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Electric cars have several benefits when replacing ICE cars, including a significant reduction of local air pollution, as they do not emit

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supplying the electricity might add to its emissions). Due to the superior efficiency of electric motors, electric cars also generate less

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The following table lists the all-time best-selling highway-capable all-electric cars with cumulative global sales of over 250,000 units:

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The global stock of both plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and battery electric vehicles (BEVs) has grown steadily since the 2010s.

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In some cars, the motor will spin slowly to provide a small amount of creep in "D", similar to a traditional automatic transmission car.

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can reach on-board efficiency of 20%; electric vehicles convert over 77% of the electrical energy from the grid to power at the wheels.

14082: 9260: 7642: 6105: 4860:"US Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 49 CFR Part 571 Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards" 4680: 2468: 8968: 7466: 4863: 12055: 8189: 6076: 4204: 3412:

Several national, provincial, and local governments around the world have introduced policies to support the mass-market adoption of

2136: 1716: 11204: 7389: 6470: 5212: 14103: 10957: 10876: 10874: 10830: 8623: 6412: 2332:. The system is intended as an emergency backup to extend range to the next recharging location, and not for long-distance travel. 9821: 8907: 7549:"ISO 6469-1:2019 Electrically propelled road vehicles — Safety specifications — Part 1: Rechargeable energy storage system (RESS)" 7435: 1497:

Starting in 2008, a renaissance in electric vehicle manufacturing occurred due to advances in batteries, and the desire to reduce

1335: 1211:, which broke the 100 km/h (62 mph) speed barrier by reaching a top speed of 105.88 km/h (65.79 mph) in 1899. 13937: 11694: 8653: 2058: 2048: 1134:

using his own specially-designed high-capacity rechargeable batteries, although the only documentation is a photograph from 1895.

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the ARB approved the staff proposal to select the conductive charging system used by Ford, Honda and several other manufacturers

6296: 6098: 14605: 14454: 14441: 14075: 13180: 11532: 9879: 5247: 5096: 260: 6018: 5397: 5372: 4493:"How China put nearly 5 million new energy vehicles on the road in one decade | International Council on Clean Transportation" 2124: 1753:(oil well to gasoline tank) causes further damage as well as use of resources during the extraction and refinement processes. 14652: 14590: 14117: 14096: 14089: 11742: 9779:

been sold globally through December 2019. Global sales of the Zoe totaled 48,269 units in 2019, and Kangoo ZE totaled 10,349.

8925:"PD CLC/TS 50717 Technical Requirements for Current Collectors for ground-level feeding system on road vehicles in operation" 7679: 7518: 7312: 6965: 6713:"Statement on the evidence for health effects associated with exposure to non-exhaust particulate matter from road transport" 5653: 5559: 5487: 5456: 4974: 4639:

NEV sales in China totaled 1.637 million in 2020, consisting of 1.246 million passenger cars and 121,000 commercial vehicles.

9906:"10 European Countries: Volkswagen ID.4 & ID.3 Top EV Sales List In April, Tesla Model 3 & VW ID.4 In January–April" 8573: 6991:"2021-2022 EIB Climate Survey, part 2 of 3: Shopping for a new car? Most Europeans say they will opt for hybrid or electric" 5764: 2464:

top-selling electric vehicle manufacturer by selling 526,409 battery electric cars, while Tesla delivered 484,507 vehicles.

1561:

California was the US leader in EV with nearly 40% of US purchases, followed by Florida – 6%, Texas – 5% and New York 4.4%.

14737: 14678: 14673: 14131: 14110: 12631: 12533: 9566: 7838: 2977: 2809: 1917: 1624:

analysis of 29 car brands found Tesla was the least expensive to maintain; Tesla was the only all-electric brand included.

8412: 6322: 6195: 1936:, which is most common in electric vehicles, can recover as much as one fifth of the energy normally lost during braking. 1168:

were the first self-propelled vehicles for hire at a time when cabs were horse-drawn. In New York City, a fleet of twelve

14519: 14409: 14138: 14124: 11965: 11364: 7359: 6243: 5684: 1920:

on efficiency, expressed as a fraction of energy used to propel the vehicle compared to energy produced by burning fuel.

1253:'s personal electric vehicle (1881), the world's first publicly presented full-scale electric car powered by an improved 12358: 11995: 11082: 9211: 8444: 8134: 4885: 4736: 2411: 983:, with cumulative sales of 5.5 million units through December 2020, although these figures also include heavy-duty 15109: 15080: 10042: 9294: 6352: 5269: 4957:

Proc. HISTELCON 2012 – 3rd Region-8 IEEE HISTory of Electro – Technology Conference: The Origins of Electrotechnologies

4886:"Citizens' summary EU proposal for a Regulation on L-category vehicles (two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles)" 4836: 4429: 1910: 1577:

is starting production of its electric vehicles. Batteries will be created in a joint venture with the Chinese company

1557: 1506: 980: 873: 7016: 5708: 2909: 15114: 14909: 14833: 13173: 12774: 10492: 9707: 7616: 7586: 7556: 5330: 5080: 5055: 4935: 4215: 4178: 3763: 3745: 3655: 3595: 3423: 3399: 2271: 1116: 958: 927: 587: 407: 128: 12325: 11904: 10966: 10880: 8263: 4241: 1543: 15104: 15065: 15005: 14331: 7579:"ISO 6469-2:2018 Electrically propelled road vehicles — Safety specifications — Part 2: Vehicle operational safety" 6883: 5685:"DRIVING A GREEN FUTURE: A RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW OF CHINA'S ELECTRIC VEHICLE DEVELOPMENT AND OUTLOOK FOR THE FUTURE" 3317:(1) Vehicles are considered highway-capable if able to achieve at least a top speed of 100 km/h (62 mph). 2035: 1950: 1369: 1181: 758: 195: 17: 11801: 10015: 9733:"RENAULT, NISSAN & MITSUBISHI MOTORS ANNOUNCE COMMON ROADMAP ALLIANCE 2030: BEST OF 3 WORLDS FOR A NEW FUTURE" 9180: 8476: 7161: 14773: 14683: 14349: 12789: 12526: 12167: 11046: 11010: 9758: 4803: 4297: 4183: 4151: 2284:

to avoid the bottleneck of going through the car's AC to DC converter, as of 2021 the fastest being 350 kW.

1606:

in 2019. When designing an electric vehicle, manufacturers may find that for low production, converting existing

1087: 822: 451: 12227: 10958:

International Energy Agency (IEA), Clean Energy Ministerial, and Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI) (May 2018).

10875:

International Energy Agency (IEA), Clean Energy Ministerial, and Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI) (May 2019).

10388: 10360: 10228: 10194: 6793:"Assessment of lithium criticality in the global energy transition and addressing policy gaps in transportation" 6557: 4597: 4107:

30 new electrified models by 2025, of which 20 PEV. By 2030–2035, Audi intends to offer just electric vehicles.

3929:

is an electric crossover that will reach up to 480 km (300 miles). Ford is planning to release an electric

14637: 14509: 14384: 14354: 14326: 14238: 12703: 8470:"ACEA position and recommendations for the standardization of the charging of electrically chargeable vehicles" 8376: 7222: 5617: 4173: 4082:, the luxury brand of Nissan, announced that by 2021 all newly introduced vehicles will be electric or hybrid. 1900: 1531: 1399: 1365: 1319: 1032: 13995: 12197: 10702: 9655: 7740: 1961: 14704: 14668: 14504: 14404: 14379: 13891: 13367: 13093: 12804: 11186: 10812: 10801: 10651: 9082: 7708:"Vehicle Weight, Fatality Risk and Crash Compatibility of Model Year 1991–99 Passenger Cars and Light Trucks" 5504: 3922: 3833: 3641: 2479:

leads global sales within the Alliance, with 1 million cars and vans sold by July 2023, followed by the

1447:

services for electric cars. The company was publicly launched on 29 October 2007 and announced deployment of

1063: 280: 12698: 11288:"The role of the license plate lottery policy in the adoption of Electric Vehicles: A case study of Beijing" 7418:, Golan, Gad & Galperin, Yuly, "Electrical PTC heating device", published 1999-03-30 7328: 2127:

which is not dependent on nickel and cobalt so can be used to make cheaper batteries and thus cheaper cars.

1953:

is also attractive for its simplicity—this kind of system is used, for example, in the 2008 Tesla Roadster.

1490:

electric car, and also the first all-electric car to sell more than 10,000 units. Several months later, the

14719: 14642: 14610: 14529: 14419: 14399: 14389: 14306: 13897: 12889: 10727: 8766: 4379: 1695: 1402:(CARB) began a push for more fuel-efficient, lower-emissions vehicles, with the ultimate goal of a move to 853: 11262:"Singapore Budget 2020: Push to promote electric vehicles in move to phase out petrol and diesel vehicles" 11162: 10676: 10542: 9877: 8164: 7609:"ISO 6469-3:2018 Electrically propelled road vehicles — Safety specifications — Part 3: Electrical safety" 6496: 5964: 2215: 1519:

magazine awarded the fully-electric Tesla Model S the title "ultimate car of the year". In March 2020 the

14600: 14570: 14565: 14560: 14555: 14489: 14479: 14469: 14464: 14449: 14424: 14321: 14316: 13107: 12616: 11597:"Learning From Diesel's Failure: Government and Producer Policy Surrounding Hybrid and Electric Vehicles" 11111: 10924: 10831: 9930: 9796: 9596: 9234: 9129: 8319: 8107: 8024: 4545: 4123: 3591: 3572: 3330: 1464: 1425:

cells, and the first production all-electric car to travel more than 320 km (200 miles) per charge.

1421:, first delivered to customers in 2008. The Roadster was the first highway-legal all-electric car to use 970: 953:

were sold in 2022, a total of 14% of new car sales, up from 9% in 2021. Many countries have established

751: 10439: 9489: 9465: 9436: 9407: 6629:

Baensch-Baltruschat, Beate; Kocher, Birgit; Stock, Friederike; Reifferscheid, Georg (1 September 2020).

6523: 5643: 5154: 2367:, followed by an expansion of further 3000 kilometers of electric roads by 2045. A working group of the 14766: 14709: 14688: 14647: 14632: 14595: 14585: 14580: 14575: 14539: 14524: 14484: 14474: 14414: 14364: 14359: 14288: 14155: 13957: 13100: 12856: 12462: 12116: 9681: 6955: 5822: 4327: 3607: 2324:

stations, to substantially reduce the effective time to recharge. Some electric cars (for example, the

2209: 1215: 1097: 957:, tax credits, subsidies, and other non-monetary incentives while several countries have legislated to 849: 830: 621: 10144:(The Model 3) ... is now the bestselling EV of all time as well, with over 800,000 units sold overall. 9012:"Rebecka Johansson, Ministry of Infrastructure - ERS Regulations, policies and strategies in Sweden", 8906:, Regeringskansliet (Government Offices of Sweden), 1 September 2021, pp. 291–297, archived from 8290:"AAA says that its emergency electric vehicle charging trucks served "thousands" of EVs without power" 7415: 6165: 2078:. Even though the motor may be permanently connected to the wheels through a fixed-ratio gear, and no 857: 14714: 14534: 14514: 14499: 14394: 14374: 14369: 14311: 14301: 13931: 12947: 12488: 12455: 12085: 11369: 9539: 7707: 6740: 5965:"The total cost of electric vehicle ownership: A consumer-oriented study of China's post-subsidy era" 2372: 1726: 1196:. Their electric vehicles were quieter than gasoline-powered ones, and did not require gear changes. 966: 724: 300: 14459: 11873: 11625: 11392: 7135:"67% of Europeans will opt for a hybrid or electric vehicle as their next purchase, says EIB survey" 5410: 3567:

Among the non-monetary incentives, there are several perks such allowing plug-in vehicles access to

2951: 14989: 14984: 14884: 14874: 14341: 13886: 13842: 13344: 12809: 12767: 12549: 12141: 9980: 7191: 6099:"Fact Sheet – Japanese Government Incentives for the Purchase of Environmentally Friendly Vehicles" 5551:

Totaled : the billion-dollar crash of the startup that took on big auto, big oil and the world

4828:

Autonomous, Connected, Electric and Shared Vehicles: Disrupting the Automotive and Mobility Sectors

4492: 4146: 4141: 3599: 3413: 3363: 3354: 2651: 2329: 2287: 2118: 2054: 1872: 1868: 1766: 1664: 1498: 1448: 1310: 1127: 1042: 1036: 915: 880: 818: 814: 810: 673: 611: 285: 240: 230: 160: 8957:

Final draft: Standardization request to CEN-CENELEC on 'Alternative fuels infrastructure' (AFI II)

8545: 8289: 7246:"The new Tesla Roadster can do 0–60 mph in less than 2 seconds – and that's just the base version" 6765: 6378: 5937: 3077: 2074:

As of 2018, most electric cars have similar driving controls to that of a car with a conventional

1235: 969:. EVs are expected to account for nearly one-fifth of global car sales in 2023, according to the 14869: 14747: 13967: 13942: 13561: 13029: 12988: 12794: 12757: 10545:"Sustained boom in market for electric vehicles: worldwide total 10.8 million - ZSW Data service" 8242:

Electric vehicles connection to microgrid effects on peak demand with and without demand response

3866:; the Cadillac Lyriq SUV; Buick, GMC, and Chevrolet EVs; and a Chevy compact crossover EV). CEO 3582:

Some government have also established long term regulatory signals with specific targets such as

2013: 1924:

effectively use only 15% of the fuel energy content to move the vehicle or to power accessories;

1722: 1628: 738: 616: 606: 310: 245: 13746: 11083:"New Passenger Car Registrations By Alternative Fuel Type In The European Union: Quarter 4 2019" 11047:"New Passenger Car Registrations By Alternative Fuel Type In The European Union: Quarter 4 2017" 11011:"New Passenger Car Registrations By Alternative Fuel Type In The European Union: Quarter 4 2016" 10929:"Fact #918: March 28, 2016 – Global Plug-in Light Vehicles Sales Increased By About 80% in 2015" 10281: 8934: 2683: 2657: 2417:

usually last much longer, perhaps 15 to 20 years in the car and then more years in another use.

15099: 15025: 14974: 14190: 13962: 13872: 13799: 13372: 13154: 12993: 12831: 12670: 12611: 10923: 9878:

Zentrum für Sonnenenergieund Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg (ZSW) (26 February 2020).

9774:

Since 2010, the Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi alliance has sold over 800,000 100%-electric vehicles

9644:

See table "Operational Summary" pp. 7 and 8 for revised and final production and sales numbers.

7488: 5448: 5442: 3583: 3429: 2141: 2075: 2063: 1887:

claims it can go from 0–97 km/h (0–60 mph) in 2.5 seconds. Tesla claims the upcoming

1428: 1403: 943: 702: 511: 496: 444: 305: 225: 13288: 11934: 9955: 9853: 9515: 8402:"Rulemaking: 2001-06-26 Updated and Informative Digest ZEV Infrastructure and Standardization" 3598:

sales. For example, Norway set a national goal that by 2025 all new car sales should be ZEVs (

1905: 13691: 13556: 13311: 13024: 12952: 12904: 12779: 12025: 11612: 10158:"Europe's Electric Car Sales Will Beat 1 Million In 2021, But Growth Will Slow Later; Report" 7967: 7669: 5849: 5519: 5479: 5473: 4994: 4209: 3968: 3234: 3155: 3150: 2483:

with more than 397,000 electric vehicles sold worldwide through December 2020, including its

2231: 1888: 1849: 1436: 1418: 1385: 1071: 546: 491: 481: 320: 235: 14848: 14249: 10543:

Zentrum für Sonnenenergieund Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg (ZSW) (2 August 2023).

1863:

or next to the wheels; this is rare but claimed to be safer. Electric vehicles that lack an

1494:, launched in 2010, surpassed the i MiEV as the best selling all-electric car at that time. 14185: 14149: 13149: 12733: 11299: 7873: 7462: 7080: 6804: 6642: 5976: 5398:

http://www.np-coburg.de/lokal/coburg/coburg/Elektroauto-in-Coburg-erfunden;art83423,1491254

4859: 4272: 4220: 3576: 2699: 2615: 2109: 1933: 1549:

Sales of passenger electric vehicles (EVs) indicate a trend away from gas-powered vehicles.

1345: 1294: 1189: 1142: 1050: 950: 680: 575: 419: 325: 185: 12324:

Frost, Laurence; Tajisu, Naomi (16 January 2018). Maler, Sandra; O'Brein, Rosalba (eds.).

10559: 10413: 8708: 8215: 6066: 5736:"2013 Tesla Model S Beats Chevy, Toyota, and Cadillac for Ultimate Car of the Year Honors" 1800:

A 2022 climate survey highlighting European, American, and Chinese car buying preferences.

30:

This article is about electric automobiles. For all types of electric transportation, see

8: 14828: 14043: 13764: 13576: 13321: 12998: 8964: 4651: 4189: 3926: 2454: 2167: 1880: 1422: 1173: 1165: 1100:

is often credited with inventing the first electric car some time between 1832 and 1839.

501: 367: 350: 295: 150: 138: 11303: 10469:[Monthly Sales -Renault Group monthly sales statistics] (in French). Renault.com 10442:[Monthly Sales -Renault Group monthly sales statistics] (in French). Renault.com 8995:

Regulating Electric Road Systems in Europe - How can a deployment of ERS be facilitated?

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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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has been listed as the world's top selling plug-in electric car manufacturer, both as a

14915: 14175: 14053: 14025: 13769: 13701: 13205: 12665: 12512: 11676: 11668: 11577: 11395:[Major's Decree 575 of 2013] (in Spanish). Alcaldía de Bogotá. 18 December 2014 10330: 10067:"Tesla Model Y confirmed as world's best-selling car in 2023, beating Rav4 and Corolla" 9183:[Elektroauto: Electronics geeks are the classic car screwdrivers of tomorrow]. 8683: 7968:"General Motors Kicks Off National Electric Vehicle Training Tour For First Responders" 7788: 7111: 7068: 6833: 6792: 6000: 5129: 4398: 4380:"U.S. EPA chief challenges California effort to mandate zero emission vehicles in 2035" 3904: 3161: 2356: 2346:

Electric road technologies which power and charge electric vehicles while driving were

2299: 2150: 2097: 1758: 1361: 1326: 1278: 1204: 984: 923: 895: 838: 382: 210: 120: 11286:

Zhuge, Chengxiang; Wei, Binru; Shao, Chunfu; Shan, Yuli; Dong, Chunjiao (April 2020).

10623: 10598: 9381:"World EV Sales — Tesla Model 3 Wins 4th Consecutive Best Seller Title In Record Year" 7885: 7864:

Spotnitz, R.; Franklin, J. (2003). "Abuse behavior of high-power, lithium-ion cells".

4418:

Thunberg, Greta; Anable, Jillian; Brand, Christian (2022). "Is the Future Electric?".

3723: 3347: 2201:

is the most common type of plug, but different versions are used in China and Europe.

1844:

Typical "skateboard" layout with the battery as floor and a motor at one or both axles

14889: 14803: 14743: 14200: 14063: 14048: 14035: 14015: 13990: 13834: 13071: 12937: 12784: 12708: 12640: 12565: 11680: 11660: 11581: 11416:"Sancionada ley que da beneficios a propietarios de vehículos eléctricos en Colombia" 10985: 10899: 10851: 10835: 10834:(IEA), Clean Energy Ministerial, and Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI) (June 2020). 10752: 8741: 8654:"Thinking of buying an electric vehicle? Here's what you need to know about charging" 7889: 7792: 7675: 7308: 7116: 7098: 6961: 6907:"Cycling is ten times more important than electric cars for reaching net-zero cities" 6838: 6820: 6686: 6668: 6660: 6386: 6166:"Growing Number of EU Countries Levying CO2 Taxes on Cars and Incentivizing Plug-ins" 6004: 5992: 5649: 5639: 5565: 5555: 5483: 5452: 5076: 5051: 4970: 4931: 4832: 4425: 4161: 3727: 3647: 3603: 3561: 2487: 2472: 2291: 1884: 1762: 1487: 1483: 1200: 884: 802: 456: 372: 12026:"BMW boosts CATL battery order to €7.3B, signs €2.9B battery order with Samsung SDI" 11080: 11044: 11008: 8249: 6655: 6630: 6497:"The U.S. States Where You'll Save the Most Switching from Gas to Electric Vehicles" 4649: 4623: 1827:

In the EU, only 13% of the total population do not plan on owning a vehicle at all.

1594:

The most expensive part of an electric car is its battery. The price decreased from

1250: 1108: 14953: 14948: 14905: 14818: 14789: 14005: 13952: 13882: 13779: 13656: 13486: 12962: 12942: 12909: 12762: 12713: 12685: 12583: 12259:"Fiat Launches New 500 Electric Minicar, Unlikely To Lose $ 14,000 With Every Sale" 11758:"General Motors' electric vehicle plan just got bigger, bolder, and more expensive" 11652: 11600: 11569: 11317: 11307: 8245: 7881: 7778: 7106: 7088: 6828: 6812: 6650: 5984: 5364: 4965: 4960: 4420: 4136: 3896:

Plans to increase their electric car manufacturing to 50% in global sales by 2030.

3381: 3369:

Evolution of the ratio between global sales of BEVs and PHEVs between 2011 and 2023

3119: 2510: 2321: 2309: 2277: 2198: 2166:

choices about driving speed and whether to stop at a charging point en route. Some

1972: 1620: 1476: 1444: 1231: 1193: 1046: 1019:

mobility vision called Autonomous, Connected, Electric and Shared (ACES) Mobility.

919: 899: 861: 563: 558: 392: 377: 338: 290: 265: 205: 49: 31: 13606: 11725:"Volkswagen Accelerates Investment in Electric Cars as It Races to Overtake Tesla" 10518: 8494:"Magnetised concrete that charges electric vehicles on the move tested in America" 7908:"Roadshow: Electric cars not as likely to catch fire as gasoline powered vehicles" 7767:"Effect of electric battery mass distribution on electric vehicle movement safety" 7526: 6045:"Large Auto Leasing Company: Electric Cars Have Mostly Lower Total Cost in Europe" 3925:("MEB") to design and build its own fully electric vehicles starting in 2023. The 2170:

organizations offer charge trucks to recharge electric cars in case of emergency.

1564:

Electric companies from the Middle East have been designing electric cars. Oman's

14920: 14195: 14020: 14010: 14000: 13631: 13139: 13129: 13019: 12655: 11235: 9339:"World EV Sales Report — Tesla Model Y Wins 1st Best Seller Title In Record Year" 7093: 6136:"China to Start Pilot Program, Providing Subsidies for Electric Cars and Hybrids" 6109: 5804:"More Americans are buying electric vehicles, as gas car sales fall, report says" 3611: 3239: 3203: 3197: 2945: 2490:. As of July 2023, global sales totaled over 650,000 units since inception. 2389: 2190: 1921: 1860: 1781: 1734: 1432: 1219: 1208: 1138: 939: 891: 315: 270: 200: 87: 11833:"Automakers Are Adding Electric Vehicles to Their Lineups. Here's What's Coming" 11312: 11287: 9735:(Press release). Paris, Tokyo, Yokohama: Media Alliance Website. 27 January 2022 8082: 6270:"Why are electric cars expensive? The cost of making and buying an EV explained" 6191: 5988: 5243: 4768:"Tesla Passes 1 Million EV Milestone & Model 3 Becomes All Time Best Seller" 3614:

in the electric car market, which may partially counteract environmental gains.

3287: 2867: 2208:

connector is common in North America but rare elsewhere, as it does not support

2096:, depending on the type of transmission and mode. EVs are usually equipped with 1148:

In 1890, Andrew Morrison introduced the first electric car to the United States.

14879: 14838: 13946: 13736: 13711: 13696: 13601: 13548: 13230: 13049: 13039: 12957: 12821: 12752: 12690: 12451:

Wikiversity:Can electric cars significantly help humanity get off fossil fuels?

10103:"World EV Sales Report — Tesla Model Y is the Best Selling Model in the World!" 8401: 6816: 6330: 4194: 3844: 2825: 2646: 2480: 2439:

became the world's leading electric vehicle manufacturer in December 2019. Its

2281: 2251: 2235: 2093: 1994:

The safety issues of BEVs are largely dealt with by the international standard

1821: 1806: 1746: 1700: 1472: 1468: 1004: 996: 907: 826: 798: 795: 685: 658: 631: 599: 582: 461: 250: 220: 14854: 12445: 11203:

Wappelhorst, Sandra; Hall, Dale; Nicholas, Mike; Lutsey, Nic (February 2020).

10320:"Sales of the Aion S in China totaled 32,125 units in 2019 and 45,626 in 2020" 10254: 9013: 8441:"ARB Amends ZEV Rule: Standardizes Chargers & Addresses Automaker Mergers" 7275: 2783: 2092:

When an internal combustion vehicle's accelerator is released, it may slow by

1998:

6469. This document is divided into three parts dealing with specific issues:

1909:

Energy efficiency of electric cars in towns and on motorways according to the

65: 15093: 14813: 14233: 14215: 13927: 13877: 13774: 13726: 13716: 13466: 13420: 13316: 13255: 13144: 13076: 13054: 12914: 12826: 12723: 12675: 12645: 12606: 12507: 12500: 11664: 11557:

Holland, Stephen; Mansur, Erin; Muller, Nicholas; Yates, Andrew (June 2015).

10307: 8745: 8440: 7893: 7102: 7042:"Germans less enthusiastic about electric cars than other Europeans - survey" 6824: 6664: 6390: 5996: 5569: 3879: 3863: 3229: 3145: 3071: 2609: 2567: 2484: 2445: 2440: 2377: 2341: 2219: 1988: 1925: 1810: 1520: 1161: 1131: 1067: 1054: 1015: 1011: 1000: 992: 962: 935: 791: 697: 663: 570: 553: 434: 424: 275: 55: 13681: 12518: 10562:

Cumulative Tesla Model S reached 363,900 units in 2022, up 35,000 from 2021

10467:"Ventes Mensuelles - Statistiques commerciales mensuelles du groupe Renault" 10454:

units in 2022 and 77,500 in 2021, including both passenger and LCV variants.

10440:"Ventes Mensuelles - Statistiques commerciales mensuelles du groupe Renault" 9261:"Tesla Model S Is World's Best-Selling Plug-in Car For Second Year in a Row" 7814:"Alternative Fuels Data Center: Maintenance and Safety of Electric Vehicles" 7766: 14823: 13676: 13671: 13581: 13425: 13400: 13250: 13034: 12899: 12879: 12864: 12799: 12728: 11604: 11468:"Approved Document S: Infrastructure for the charging of electric vehicles" 11205:"Analyzing Policies to Grow the Electric Vehicle Market in European Cities" 10767:

Hertzke, Patrick; Müller, Nicolai; Schenk, Stephanie; Wu, Ting (May 2018).

9282:

See also detailed 2016 sales and cumulative global sales in the two graphs.

9001:, CollERS2 - Swedish German research collaboration on Electric Road Systems 8320:"Diginow Super Charger V2 opens up Tesla destination chargers to other EVs" 7783: 7671:

Effectiveness and Impact of Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Standards

7120: 6842: 6672: 6628: 6413:"Raw material costs for electric vehicles have doubled during the pandemic" 6192:"Notice 2009–89: New Qualified Plug-in Electric Drive Motor Vehicle Credit" 4156: 4053: 2520:

All-time top-selling highway-capable all-electric passenger car nameplates

2263: 2079: 1785: 1750: 1607: 1414: 1234:

that replaced other, often laborious, methods of starting the ICE, such as

1227: 1185: 1123: 931: 903: 887: 636: 521: 190: 155: 81: 11859:"Ford commits $ 29 billion to electric and autonomous vehicle development" 7608: 7578: 7548: 6580:"Vehicle exhaust emissions | What comes out of a car exhaust? | RAC Drive" 2993: 2893: 852:(ICE) vehicles, electric cars are quieter, more responsive, have superior 97: 14228: 14170: 14165: 13982: 13922: 13907: 13862: 13794: 13731: 13686: 13591: 13476: 13461: 13456: 13451: 13339: 13245: 12884: 12598: 12575: 12476: 11905:"2021 Ford Mustang Mach-E Will Please EV Fans, Perplex Mustang Loyalists" 11656: 3533: 3281: 3066: 2903: 2777: 2693: 2604: 2573: 2562: 2436: 2399: 2298:

in Japan. The United States has no de facto standard, with a mix of CCS,

1969: 1788:

and e-scooters and the continuation of a system designed for cars first.

1730: 1515: 1502: 1491: 1270: 1223: 911: 876:

that are often large, complicated and maintenance-prone in ICE vehicles.

865: 641: 516: 466: 429: 412: 397: 215: 71: 11672: 11640: 11558: 11081:

European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA) (6 February 2020).

11045:

European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA) (1 February 2018).

11009:

European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA) (1 February 2017).

10877:"Global EV Outlook 2019: Scaling-up the transition to electric mobility" 9235:"Within Weeks, Tesla Model 3 Will Be World's Top-Selling EV of All Time" 5878:[Despite falling battery costs electric cars remain expensive]. 4650:

China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM) (12 January 2022).

4624:

China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM) (14 January 2021).

4571: 3035: 13824: 13809: 13804: 13571: 13410: 13392: 13303: 13265: 13240: 11444:[All-electric and hybrids: São Paulo approves incentives law]. 11322: 8823:"EV battery swapping startup Ample charges up operations in Japan, NYC" 8797:"EV maker Nio to have 4,000 battery swapping stations globally in 2025" 3867: 3832:

Plans 27 electric vehicles by 2022, on a dedicated EV platform dubbed "

3815: 3610:

cars, they have been criticized by some economists for creating excess

3192: 3187: 2940: 2935: 2735: 2502: 2154: 2083: 1840: 1645: 1632: 1410: 1274: 1177: 1169: 869: 806: 651: 476: 471: 439: 402: 387: 170: 11641:"Electric Vehicle Subsidies in the Era of Attribute-Based Regulations" 9181:"Elektroauto: Elektronik-Geeks sind die Oldtimer-Schrauber von morgen" 9130:"Understanding the life of lithium ion batteries in electric vehicles" 7069:"Why is the market for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) moving slowly?" 6019:"Four of the Five Least Expensive Car Brands to Maintain Are American" 4709:"Electric Cars: Calculating the Total Cost of Ownership for Consumers" 4118:

Total global EV sales in 2030 were predicted to reach 31.1 million by

3606:). While these incentives aim to facilitate a quicker transition from 2741: 15060: 15055: 15050: 15045: 15040: 15035: 15030: 14943: 13972: 13912: 13852: 13819: 13721: 13706: 13666: 13661: 13641: 13621: 13566: 13534: 13529: 13524: 13519: 13514: 13509: 13504: 13499: 13494: 13405: 13382: 13278: 13235: 13064: 13059: 13044: 12869: 12841: 12836: 12626: 12621: 12557: 11874:"Ford-VW Partnership Expands, Blue Oval Getting MEB Platform For EVs" 11136: 9631: 9035: 8929: 7643:"Electric cars 'twice as lethal for pedestrians as petrol or diesel'" 6791:

Greim, Peter; Solomon, A. A.; Breyer, Christian (11 September 2020).

5549: 5182:"The Global Electric Vehicle Movement: Best Practices From 16 Cities" 4199: 4168: 3557: 3271: 3113: 3019: 2982: 2851: 2814: 2767: 2725: 2498: 2395: 2360: 2259: 2205: 2184: 1946: 1631:

for an electric car will be less than for an equivalent ICE car. The

842: 506: 486: 255: 165: 14758: 11596: 10728:"Global Plug-In Electric Car Sales December 2020: Over 570,000 Sold" 9248:

Cumulatively, Tesla has sold about 900,000 electric cars since 2008.

9031:"Sverige på väg att bli först med elvägar – Rullar ut ganska snabbt" 7218: 5752:

that is our Ultimate Car of the Year winner, the 2013 Tesla Model S.

4737:"The Tesla Model Y Is The Best-Selling Car In The World | GreenCars" 2364: 1103:

The following experimental electric cars appeared during the 1880s:

733: 14210: 14205: 14180: 13917: 13646: 13636: 13626: 13611: 13586: 13430: 13415: 13377: 13349: 13293: 13283: 13220: 13134: 12929: 12919: 11573: 11533:"Norway Aiming For 100-Percent Zero Emission Vehicle Sales By 2025" 9156:"What happens to old electric car batteries? | National Grid Group" 8377:"CCS Combo Charging Standard Map: See Where CCS1 And CCS2 Are Used" 7307:(1st ed.). The Brookings Institution. pp. 29, 37 and 43. 7192:"In-wheel motors: The benefits of independent wheel torque control" 6957:

The EIB Climate Survey 2021-2022 - Citizens call for green recovery

4119: 4079: 3568: 3276: 3024: 2856: 2772: 2730: 2494: 2460: 2314: 2222:, is less common as of 2021, but is used in some cities for taxis. 1965: 1876: 646: 531: 526: 180: 175: 145: 27:

Car propelled by an electric motor using energy stored in batteries

12386:

Walton, Bryn; Hamilton, Jamie; Alberts, Geneviève (28 July 2020).

12285:"New electric Fiat 500: reborn city car gains £19,995 entry model" 10282:"BYD Dec sales breakdown: Song 84,039 units, Seagull 50,525 units" 9100:"Groupe Renault begins large-scale vehicle-to-grid charging pilot" 8240:

Liasi, Sahand Ghaseminejad; Golkar, Masoud Aliakbar (2 May 2017).

8190:"What Tesla's bet on iron-based batteries means for manufacturers" 7839:"Protean Electric's In-Wheel Motors Could Make EVs More Efficient" 3245: 1660:

to reduce the purchase price of electric cars and other plug-ins.

942:

are frequent psychological obstacles against electric cars during

14969: 13857: 13847: 13814: 13789: 13784: 13651: 13616: 13435: 13331: 13273: 13225: 13003: 12983: 12853: 12718: 12588: 12495: 11367:[Hybrid and electric cars make their way in Costa Rica]. 11230: 11228: 10677:"Global Plug-In Car Sales: 900k In December, 6.5 Million In 2021" 5785:"Electric Vehicles Look Poised for Slower Sales Growth This Year" 5765:"Global EV Outlook 2023 / Trends in electric light-duty vehicles" 5709:"Automakers raise prices for NEVs in China ahead of subsidy cuts" 5213:"The Surprisingly Old Story of London's First Ever Electric Taxi" 4519: 3061: 3029: 2898: 2861: 2599: 2557: 2295: 2066:

is recommended to warn of possible re-ignition of battery fires.

1805:

least preferred type of vehicle. 39% of Europeans tend to prefer

1773: 1761:

of the electricity source and the efficiency of the vehicle. For

1708: 1704: 1637: 1456: 1254: 1157: 1112: 668: 626: 362: 345: 11777:"GM to bring 30 new electric vehicles to market in next 5 years" 10836:"Global EV Outlook 2020: Enterign the decade of electric drive?" 10769:"The global electric-vehicle market is amped up and on the rise" 10267:"Sales of the BYD Dolphin in China totaled 29,598 units in 2021" 9981:"World's Top 5 EV Automotive Groups Ranked By Sales: Q1-Q4 2022" 9931:"World's Top 5 EV Automotive Groups Ranked By Sales: Q1-Q4 2020" 8870: 7713:. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. October 2003. 6244:"EV-internal combustion price parity forecast for 2023 – report" 5017:"World's first electric car built by Victorian inventor in 1884" 2383: 14979: 13867: 13124: 12874: 12307:"Nissan to sell only electric and hybrid cars in China by 2025" 12086:"BMW orders more than 10 billion euros' worth of battery cells" 11112:"Global Plug-in Vehicle Sales Reached over 3,2 Million in 2020" 10055:

Global sales of the Tesla Model Y totaled 79,734 units in 2020.

8443:(Press release). California Air Resources Board. 28 June 2001. 7938:"Detroit First Responders Get Electric Vehicle Safety Training" 4064: 4005: 3991: 2987: 2819: 2688: 2476: 2325: 2255: 2246: 1765:, the life-cycle emissions vary depending on the proportion of 1641: 1460: 1452: 1440: 1075: 999:, and only accounts for vehicles manufactured in China. In the 898:. Recharging an electric car can be done at different kinds of 357: 103: 11512:. Norsk Elbilforening (Norwegian Electric Vehicle Association) 11225: 4446:"EU proposes effective ban for new fossil-fuel cars from 2035" 3960:

worth of battery cells for the period from 2021 through 2030.

2641: 1627:

The greater the distance driven per year, the more likely the

14279: 13741: 13596: 13165: 12117:"Hyundai Motor Group To Launch 23 Pure Electric Cars By 2025" 12056:"BMW places battery cell orders worth more than $ 11 billion" 11202: 8221:(Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2019 8057:"What firefighters need to know about electric car batteries" 7995:"Chevy Volt Unplugged: When To Depower Your EV After a Crash" 3930: 3108: 3103: 2506: 2450: 1983: 1738: 976: 592: 12456:

Electric cars range in 2022: table with 100 different models

9682:"BYD Sales Hit Massive Record In December, Overtaking Tesla" 9295:"Tesla Model S Was World's Best-Selling Plug-in Car in 2015" 8850:"BMW i3 Electric Car: ReX Range Extender Not For Daily Use?" 6323:"Should I Lease An Electric Car? What To Know Before You Do" 5301:"171 Years Before Tesla: The Evolution of Electric Vehicles" 4598:"Chinese NEVs Market Slightly Declined In 2019: Full Report" 3339:

All-electric cars have oversold plug-in hybrids since 2012.

2290:(CCS) is the most widespread charging standard, whereas the 1368:(CARB) mandate, had a range of 260 km (160 miles) with 1203:

in the 19th century. The last of them was the rocket-shaped

6417: 4090: 4039: 3386: 2501:, with 962,385 cumulative sales as of December 2023), 1864: 1742: 1574: 1341: 1297:(1888) was the first four-wheeled electric car in the world 834: 690: 11365:"Carros híbridos y eléctricos se abren paso en Costa Rica" 10532:

Sales of the VW ID.4 in Europe totaled 4,810 units in 2020

9956:"World's Top 5 EV Automotive Groups Ranked By Sales: 2021" 8734:"New, 800V, electric cars, will recharge in half the time" 8624:"Electric Vehicle Charging: Types, Time, Cost and Savings" 8546:"Electric vehicles to cut the cord with wireless charging" 8350:"ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING IN CHINA AND THE UNITED STATES" 7436:"3 Electric Car Myths That Will Leave You Out in the Cold" 6218:"Batteries For Electric Cars Speed Toward a Tipping Point" 5963:

Ouyang, Danhua; Zhou, Shen; Ou, Xunmin (1 February 2021).

5648:(1st. ed.). The Brookings Institution. pp. 1–6. 4468:"IEA: EVs Will Account For 20% Of All Car Sales This Year" 3385:

A dedicated electric car free charging and parking lot in

1388:

helped inspire the modern generation of electric vehicles.

13901: 13471: 13359: 13196: 12894: 11442:"Elétricos e híbridos: São Paulo aprova lei de incentivo" 9893:

See table: Global cumulative EV registrations (by models)

7741:"Why electric cars are so much heavier than regular cars" 6605:"Tyre pollution 1000 times worse than tailpipe emissions" 6071: 4681:"EVs Offer Big Savings Over Traditional Gas-Powered Cars" 3941: 3714:

deal primarily with outside China and do not represent a

2146: 1486:, launched in 2009 in Japan, was the first highway-legal 1041:

The term "electric car" typically refers specifically to

988: 11743:"GM plans to exclusively sell electric vehicles by 2035" 11559:"Environmental Benefits from Driving Electric Vehicles?" 11556: 10481:

half of 2023, including both passenger and LCV variants.

10129:"Tesla Model 3 Is Now 16th Bestselling Car In The World" 9880:"ZSW analysis shows global number of EVs at 7.9 million" 9612:

Cumulatively, Tesla sold over 2.3 million electric cars.

6441:"Electric Vehicles Cost Less Than Half As Much To Drive" 5757: 2412:

Rechargeable battery § Lifespan and cycle stability

1656:

Several national and local governments have established

11594: 9018:, 4 November 2021, 14 minutes 25 seconds into the video 7390:"Can heat pumps solve cold-weather range loss for EVs?" 5876:"Trotz fallender Batteriekosten bleiben E-Mobile teuer" 4328:"Executive summary – Global EV Outlook 2023 – Analysis" 2280:

are almost always faster than home chargers, with many

2005:

Functional safety means and protection against failures

1891:

will go 0–60 mph (0–97 km/h) in 1.9 seconds.

11966:"An All-Electric Ford F-150 Pickup Truck Is Happening" 10927:, United States Department of Energy (28 March 2016). 10009: 10007: 10005: 10003: 10001: 9871: 9559: 6858:"We don't just need electric cars, we need fewer cars" 4378:

Groom, David Shepardson, Nichola (29 September 2020).

12460: 12385: 12142:"Hyundai and Kia Expand Presence in Global EV Market" 10790:

See Exhibit 1: Global electric-vehicle sales, 2010-17

10766: 9597:"Tesla Q4 2021 Final EV Delivery Numbers And Outlook" 9567:"BMW sells over 140,000 plug-in cars throughout 2018" 8871:

Swedish Transport Administration (29 November 2017),

8244:. 2017 Iranian Conference. IEEE. pp. 1272–1277. 7067:

Rahmani, Djamel; Loureiro, Maria L. (21 March 2018).

6884:"Let's Count the Ways E-Scooters Could Save the City" 6720:

UK Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants

6379:"To Save the Planet, Get More EVs Into Used Car Lots" 5775: 4543: 3376: 1835: 1156:

In 1897, electric cars first found commercial use as

11489:"Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles (EV)" 9374: 9372: 9370: 9368: 9366: 9364: 9362: 9360: 9332: 9330: 9328: 9326: 9324: 9322: 9320: 7489:"Effects of Winter on Tesla Battery Range and Regen" 7360:"EV Transmissions Are Coming, And It's A Good Thing" 7305:

Plug-In Electric Vehicles: What Role for Washington?

6067:"Birmingham clean air charge: What you need to know" 5645:

Plug-In Electric Vehicles: What Role for Washington?

5475:

Plug-in Hybrids: The Cars that will Recharge America

3617: 2420: 2057:

can catch fire after a crash or mechanical failure.

2002:

On-board electrical energy storage, i.e. the battery

1883:

to improve top speed. The concept electric supercar

1145:, regarded by some as the first "real" electric car. 833:(FCEV), which can convert electric power from other 11695:"VW plans 27 electric cars by 2022 on new platform" 10762: 10760: 9998: 9459: 9457: 9455: 9430: 9428: 9426: 9401: 9399: 6353:"Subsidies slash EV lease costs in Germany, France" 5907:"Wir arbeiten mit Hochdruck an der Brennstoffzelle" 5585:"Mitsubishi Motors lowers price of electric i-MiEV" 4417: 3394:

Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles

2230:Electric cars are usually charged overnight from a 1671:per kWh, which is forecast to be in the mid-2020s. 1417:began development in 2004 of what would become the 1057:, and the electricity stored on the vehicle is the 955:

government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles

12168:"What Toyota's next EVs will look like -- and why" 10933:Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy 10753:https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2022 10043:"Global Electric Vehicle Top 20 — EV Sales Report" 9656:"BYD sold 3.02 million vehicles in 2023, up 61.9%" 9625:"Tesla Fourth Quarter & Full Year 2021 Update" 9075:Système de route électrique. Groupe de travail n°1 6790: 6471:"How much does it cost to charge an electric car?" 5823:"Oman makes first electric car in the Middle East" 5299:Gertz, Marisa; Grenier, Melinda (5 January 2019). 2493:Other leading electric vehicles manufacturers are 12359:"Audi increases e-mobility budget to €35 billion" 10826: 10824: 10822: 10820: 9617: 9357: 9317: 9212:"Newest CAM study shows Tesla as EV sales leader" 8891: 8165:"What happens to old electric vehicle batteries?" 7162:"Gas-powered vs. Electric Cars: Which Is Faster?" 5638: 5262: 4930:. Society of Automotive Engineers. pp. 2–3. 4703: 4701: 3564:; and exemption of registration and annual fees. 3556:; exemptions from import duties; exemptions from 1214:Electric cars remained popular until advances in 1180:, formed part of a project funded in part by the 15091: 12317: 11285: 11074: 11038: 11002: 10960:"Global EV Outlook 2017: 3 million and counting" 10917: 10757: 10536: 9708:"BYD overtook Tesla as the world's top EV maker" 9452: 9423: 9396: 8599:"The Best Home EV Charger Buying Guide For 2020" 7863: 5909:[We are working hard on the fuel cell]. 4913:The first four-wheeled electric car in the world 3357:in the world's top markets between 2011 and 2023 2008:Protection of persons against electrical hazards 1160:in Britain and in the United States. In London, 1117:Exposition internationale d'Électricité de Paris 1111:presented an electric car driven by an improved 10751:IEA (2022), Global EV Outlook 2022, IEA, Paris 10299: 10246: 9816: 9814: 9797:"Nissan Global BEV Sales Surpassed One Million" 9015:Electric Road Systems - PIARC Online Discussion 8991: 8411:. California Air Resources Board. 13 May 2002. 7857: 7465:. The Daily Drive – Consumer Guide Automotive. 7066: 6524:"In Bolivia, Untapped Bounty Meets Nationalism" 6297:"Why early EV adopters prefer leasing – by far" 5444:Two billion cars: driving toward sustainability 4944: 4652:"Sales of New Energy Vehicles in December 2021" 4626:"Sales of New Energy Vehicles in December 2020" 3596:phase out of internal combustion engine vehicle 1964:) use an auxiliary heating system (for example 1879:-equipped drag racer EVs have simple two-speed 981:largest stock of electric vehicles in the world 864:from manufacturing to end of life (even when a 12388:"Electric vehicles: Setting a course for 2030" 12373:"Audi-Chef Duesmann: "Tempolimit wird kommen"" 12198:"2 EVs on 1 platform: How to tell them apart?" 10817: 10464: 10458: 10437: 9286: 9252: 9071: 9051: 9047: 9045: 9005: 6194:. Internal Revenue Service. 30 November 2009. 5440: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4698: 2157:2020 electric cars rated up until January 2020 902:; these charging stations can be installed in 14774: 14265: 13181: 12548: 12534: 11413: 11212:International Council on Clean Transportation 10560:Global cumulative EV registrations" by models 10149: 10016:"World EV Sales Now 19% Of World Auto Sales!" 9531: 9507: 9490:"Tesla produces its 1 millionth electric car" 9028: 8767:"Electric Cars - everything you need to know" 8475:. ACEA Brussels. 14 June 2010. Archived from 8312: 7738: 7414: 7221:. National Electric Drag Racing Association. 5576: 5436: 5434: 5432: 4589: 4546:"Electrified vehicle sales surge 53% in 2017" 3712:The examples and perspective in this section 2505:with 1,838,000 units (as of July 2023), 2384:Vehicle-to-grid: uploading and grid buffering 759: 11198: 11196: 11194: 10990:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 10951: 10904:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 10868: 10856:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 10431: 9811: 9790: 9788: 9786: 9751: 8864: 7433: 6768:. UK: Inderscience Publishers. 16 May 2019. 6766:"Electric car switch on for health benefits" 5962: 5298: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4643: 4617: 4517: 4403:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2432:List of production battery electric vehicles 1939: 1053:that can be plugged in and charged from the 12968:Hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle 12418:"Prospects for electric vehicle deployment" 12326:"Nissan's Infiniti vehicles to go electric" 12323: 11103: 10510: 9042: 8239: 7636: 7634: 6954:Bank, European Investment (20 April 2022). 5847: 5820: 5782: 5767:. International Energy Agency. April 2023. 5099:[Electric car invented in Coburg]. 4754: 4242:"Reducing Pollution with Electric Vehicles" 4056:for sale in Europe starting in early 2021. 3656:Learn how and when to remove these messages 3324: 1033:Plug-in electric vehicle § Terminology 1029:Vehicle classification by propulsion system 14781: 14767: 14272: 14258: 13188: 13174: 12541: 12527: 11996:"BMW plans 12 all-electric models by 2025" 11963: 11154: 10703:"Open the Gates! 25% BEV Share in Europe!" 10519:"Volkwagen ID.4 Europe Auto Sales Figures" 9588: 9203: 9054:"Sur les routes de la mobilité électrique" 8874:National roadmap for electric road systems 8841: 8709:"How electric vehicle (EV) charging works" 8520:"Nottingham hosts wireless charging trial" 7986: 7460: 6515: 6106:Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association 5465: 5441:Sperling, Daniel; Gordon, Deborah (2009). 5429: 4909:Das erste vierrädrige Elektroauto der Welt 4804:"Tesla Model 3 Has Passed 1 Million Sales" 3730:, or create a new section, as appropriate. 1613: 1443:, developed and sold battery charging and 766: 752: 127: 14281:Renewable energy by country and territory 12424:. International Energy Agency. April 2021 11595:Fitzgerald, Christopher (27 April 2022). 11321: 11311: 11279: 11191: 9783: 9647: 9481: 9072:Patrick Pélata; et al. (July 2021), 8574:"How to charge your electric car at home" 8462: 7992: 7782: 7298: 7296: 7159: 7110: 7092: 7017:"Cypriots prefer hybrid or electric cars" 6832: 6654: 6556:. Evaporiticosbolivia.org. Archived from 6133: 5362: 4964: 4950: 4925: 4790: 4716:BEUC (The European Consumer Organisation) 4564: 4544:Automotive News China (16 January 2018). 4537: 4511: 4205:List of electric cars currently available 4052:Launched its new electric version of the 4004:Has developed a global EV platform named 3764:Learn how and when to remove this message 3746:Learn how and when to remove this message 2425: 2137:List of electric cars currently available 1717:Environmental aspects of the electric car 1014:became the world's best selling car. The 13592:Cabriolet / Convertible / Drophead coupe 12410: 11802:"GM aims to make Cadillac lead EV brand" 8917: 8847: 8543: 8409:title 13, California Code of Regulations 8133:Lampton, Christopher (23 January 2009). 7674:. National Academies Press. p. 71. 7631: 6930: 6494: 6091: 6059: 5471: 4900: 4766:Holland, Maximilian (10 February 2020). 3403: 3380: 2665: 2623: 2581: 2308: 2245: 2140: 2108: 1982: 1904: 1839: 1795: 1694: 1690: 817:(BEV), which only uses energy stored in 13938:Homogeneous charge compression ignition 12282: 11902: 11756:Hawkins, Andrew J. (19 November 2020). 11755: 11362: 10646: 10644: 10383: 10381: 10096: 10094: 10092: 10090: 9705: 9487: 9209: 8900:Regler för statliga elvägar SOU 2021:73 8287: 8132: 7640: 7357: 7329:"Electric Car Myth Buster – Efficiency" 7216: 6410: 6288: 6184: 6158: 6127: 5602: 5103:(in German). Germany. 12 January 2011. 4765: 4678: 4411: 3586:(ZEV) mandates, national or regional CO 3085: 2707: 2313:A battery swapping station operated by 2059:Plug-in electric vehicle fire incidents 2049:Plug-in electric vehicle fire incidents 1875:can have less drivetrain inertia. Some 1393: 1045:(BEVs) or all-electric cars, a type of 14: 15092: 12256: 11871: 11638: 11414:Vallejo Uribe, Felipe (13 July 2019). 10700: 10355: 10353: 10351: 10275: 10273: 10223: 10221: 10219: 10217: 10215: 10189: 10187: 10185: 10183: 10181: 10155: 10126: 10100: 10064: 10013: 9903: 9822:"2020 Universal Registration Document" 9759:"2019 Universal Registration Document" 9569:. electricdrive.com. 10 January 2019. 9336: 8568: 8566: 8371: 8369: 8300:from the original on 10 September 2016 8233: 8145:from the original on 15 September 2019 7970:. 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(1 October 2013). 5119: 5027:from the original on 21 April 2018 4928:History of the Electric Automobile 4802:Shahan, Zachary (26 August 2021). 4778:from the original on 12 April 2020 4669: 4520:"中汽协：2016年新能源汽车产销量均超50万辆,同比增速约50%" 4308:from the original on 23 April 2018 3883: 3848: 3819: 3377:Government policies and incentives 2469:Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance 2241: 1836:Acceleration and drivetrain design 1558:Alliance for Automotive Innovation 1556:In the third quarter of 2021, the 1507:electric vehicle industry in China 1226:-powered vehicles, especially the 1122:In 1884, over 20 years before the 25: 15126: 14834:Electric motorcycles and scooters 13602:Coupé de Ville / Sedanca de Ville 12775:Electric motorcycles and scooters 12439: 12283:Tisshaw, Mark (22 October 2020). 12178:from the original on 16 June 2019 11884:from the original on 16 July 2019 11812:from the original on 16 July 2019 11705:from the original on 17 June 2019 10939:from the original on 2 April 2016 8967:, 2 February 2022, archived from 8930:The British Standards Institution 8447:from the original on 16 June 2010 8418:from the original on 15 June 2010 8114:from the original on 3 April 2012 7974:from the original on 31 July 2013 7463:"How i Survived the Cold Weather" 7461:Piotrowski, Ed (3 January 2013). 7434:NativeEnergy (7 September 2012). 7370:from the original on 23 July 2019 6933:"Why is Philly Stuck in Traffic?" 6687:"EVs: Clean Air and Dirty Brakes" 6554:"Página sobre el Salar (Spanish)" 6522:Romero, Simon (2 February 2009). 6411:Wayland, Michael (22 June 2022). 6055:from the original on 21 May 2020. 5771:from the original on 12 May 2023. 5518:Shahan, Zachary (26 April 2015). 5417:from the original on 4 March 2016 5345:from the original on 4 March 2016 5192:from the original on 29 July 2017 5130:"The History of the Electric Car" 5107:from the original on 9 March 2016 4725:from the original on 16 May 2021. 4572:"中汽协：2018年新能源汽车产销均超125万辆，同比增长60%" 4438: 4216:Phase-out of fossil fuel vehicles 4179:Electric motorcycles and scooters 3637:This article has multiple issues. 3618:EV plans from major manufacturers 3400:Phase-out of fossil fuel vehicles 2421:Currently available electric cars 2335: 2302:, and CHAdeMO charging stations. 2272:Electric vehicle charging network 1916:Internal combustion engines have 1859:Electric vehicles can also use a 1848:Electric motors can provide high 1791: 1153:at the turn of the 20th century. 14853: 14847: 14742: 14733: 14732: 14297:Democratic Republic of the Congo 12506: 12494: 12482: 12470: 12379: 12365: 12351: 12299: 12276: 12257:Winton, Neil (26 October 2020). 12250: 12220: 12190: 12160: 12134: 12108: 12078: 12048: 12018: 11988: 11957: 11927: 11896: 11865: 11851: 11824: 11794: 11768: 11749: 11735: 11717: 11687: 11632: 11588: 11550: 11524: 11502: 11481: 11460: 11434: 11407: 11385: 11356: 11330: 11253: 11180: 11160: 11129: 11110:Irle, Roland (19 January 2021). 10806: 10795: 10720: 10701:Pontes, José (3 February 2023). 10694: 10669: 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8 July 2012 8017: 7960: 7948:from the original on 5 June 2011 7930: 7918:from the original on 12 May 2018 7900: 7831: 7806: 7758: 7732: 7700: 7660: 7641:Searles, Michael (21 May 2024). 7601: 7571: 7541: 7511: 7481: 7469:from the original on 3 June 2013 7454: 7427: 7408: 7382: 7351: 7321: 7268: 7237: 7210: 7184: 7153: 7127: 7060: 6772:from the original on 29 May 2019 6635:Science of the Total Environment 6495:Kaminski, Joe (17 August 2021). 6451:from the original on 18 May 2018 6146:from the original on 3 June 2010 5936:Ward, Jonathan (28 April 2017). 5583:Kim, Chang-Ran (30 March 2010). 5547: 5211:Says, Alan Brown (9 July 2012). 5097:"Elektroauto in Coburg erfunden" 4915:] (in German). pp. 2–3. 4825:Hamid, Umar Zakir Abdul (2022). 4518:Liu Wanxiang (12 January 2017). 4252:from the original on 12 May 2018 3703: 3667: 3626: 3590:emission regulations, stringent 3362: 3346: 3286: 3270: 3244: 3228: 3202: 3186: 3160: 3144: 3118: 3102: 3076: 3060: 3034: 3018: 2992: 2976: 2950: 2934: 2908: 2892: 2866: 2850: 2824: 2808: 2782: 2766: 2740: 2724: 2698: 2682: 2656: 2640: 2614: 2598: 2572: 2556: 2225: 1681: 1651: 1542: 1530: 1377: 1353: 1334: 1318: 1302: 1286: 1262: 1243: 1182:Electric Storage Battery Company 809:. The term normally refers to a 732: 719: 718: 196:Energy efficiency implementation 96: 80: 64: 48: 14880:Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle 12822:Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle 11363:Salazar, Camila (6 July 2013). 11236:"Building Envelopes – Analysis" 10438:Groupe Renault (January 2022). 10280:Zhang, Phate (1 January 2024). 10065:Akhtar, Riz (29 January 2024). 9904:Shahan, Zachary (15 May 2021). 9488:Lambert, Fred (10 March 2020). 9466:"Global Top 20 - December 2018" 9437:"Global Top 20 - December 2019" 9408:"Global Top 20 - December 2020" 8992:Matts Andersson (4 July 2022), 8264:"Best small electric cars 2021" 8250:10.1109/IranianCEE.2017.7985237 7034: 7008: 6947: 6924: 6898: 6876: 6849: 6784: 6758: 6733: 6705: 6679: 6656:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137823 6622: 6597: 6572: 6546: 6488: 6463: 6432: 6404: 6371: 6345: 6314: 6262: 6236: 6210: 6037: 6011: 5956: 5929: 5905:Hauri, Stephan (8 March 2019). 5898: 5868: 5850:"Turkey's all electric Togg EV" 5841: 5814: 5795: 5727: 5701: 5677: 5541: 5511: 5496: 5403: 5391: 5356: 5323: 5292: 5235: 5204: 5173: 5147: 5089: 5064: 5039: 5009: 4983: 4919: 4878: 4852: 4818: 4729: 4485: 4298:"How to charge an electric car" 4184:Electric vehicle warning sounds 4152:Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle 3645:or discuss these issues on the 3355:plug-in electric passenger cars 2294:standard is used in China, and 2042: 1088:History of the electric vehicle 823:plug-in hybrid electric vehicle 821:, but broadly may also include 452:Ocean thermal energy conversion 14239:Template:EC car classification 13195: 12704:Battery electric multiple unit 11839:. © 2023 Consumer Reports, Inc 10014:Pontes, José (2 August 2023). 9595:Kane, Mark (27 January 2022). 9293:Cobb, Jeff (12 January 2016). 9259:Cobb, Jeff (26 January 2017). 8030:. Nissan North America. 2010. 7993:AOL Autos (16 December 2011). 6295:Stock, Kyle (3 January 2018). 6134:Motavalli, Jim (2 June 2010). 5365:"History of the Starter Motor" 5180:Gerdes, Justin (11 May 2012). 4966:10.1109/HISTELCON.2012.6487583 4596:Kane, Mark (4 February 2020). 4460: 4371: 4345: 4320: 4290: 4264: 4234: 4174:Electric car energy efficiency 2467:As of December 2021, the 2206:Type 1 (also called SAE J1772) 1949:, such as on the Nissan Leaf. 1901:Electric car energy efficiency 1830: 1400:California Air Resources Board 1366:California Air Resources Board 1064:Neighborhood Electric Vehicles 1022: 918:in other technologies such as 13: 1: 12805:Neighborhood Electric Vehicle 10414:"BYD Qin EV - Sales in China" 10331:"GAC Aion S - Sales in China" 10156:Winton, Neil (4 March 2021). 10127:Morris, James (29 May 2021). 9680:Kane, Mark (2 January 2024). 9233:Kane, Mark (4 January 2020). 8628:Union of Concerned Scientists 7886:10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00488-3 7303:Shah, Saurin D. (2009). "2". 7217:Hedlund, R. (November 2008). 5802:Ali, Shirin (23 March 2022). 5734:Evans, Scott (10 July 2019). 4953:Looking back to electric cars 4424:. Penguin. pp. 271–275. 4228: 2178: 2053:Like their ICE counterparts, 1809:, while 33% prefer petrol or 1176:, based on the design of the 944:consumer purchasing decisions 872:, thus reducing the need for 860:, as well as a lower overall 281:Passive solar building design 13094:Who Killed the Electric Car? 12890:Common ethanol fuel mixtures 11935:"The era of electrification" 11448:(in Portuguese). 28 May 2014 10465:Groupe Renault (July 2023). 9654:Jin, Qian (1 January 2024). 8684:"DC Fast Charging Explained" 8108:"Ford Focus BEV – Road test" 7094:10.1371/journal.pone.0193777 6960:. European Investment Bank. 5505:Who Killed the Electric Car? 5073:Electric and Hybrid Vehicles 4926:Wakefield, Ernest H (1994). 4113: 3573:high-occupancy vehicle lanes 3540: 3528: 3517: 3512: 3504: 3496: 3485: 3480: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3454: 3443: 3420:Timeline of national targets 3268: 3226: 3184: 3142: 3100: 3058: 3016: 2974: 2932: 2890: 2848: 2806: 2764: 2722: 2680: 2638: 2596: 2554: 2328:) have an optional gasoline 2320:Some companies are building 2104: 2029: 1707:is one of the largest known 1584: 1309:Early electric car built by 854:energy conversion efficiency 829:electric vehicle (REEV) and 7: 13108:Revenge of the Electric Car 12699:Battery-electric locomotive 11531:Cobb, Jeff (8 March 2016). 11313:10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111328 10925:Argonne National Laboratory 10832:International Energy Agency 9795:Kane, Mark (25 July 2023). 7519:"2010 Options and Packages" 6935:. The Philadelphia Inquirer 5989:10.1016/j.enpol.2020.112023 5610:"Best-selling electric car" 4271:US EPA, OAR (14 May 2021). 4129: 4124:International Energy Agency 3726:, discuss the issue on the 3331:electric car use by country 2405: 2173: 2069: 1962:Citroën Berlingo Electrique 1644:charges ICE cars more than 1465:memorandum of understanding 1199:Six electric cars held the 971:International Energy Agency 949:Worldwide, 10 million 739:Renewable energy portal 457:Renewable energy transition 10: 15131: 14890:Fuel cell electric vehicle 13928:Gasoline / petrol 13692:Roadster / Spider / Spyder 11163:"Global EV Sales for 2022" 11137:"Data Center Service News" 9540:"2018 Global Sales by OEM" 9516:"2019 Global Sales by OEM" 6817:10.1038/s41467-020-18402-y 5913:(in German). Switzerland. 5246:. The Edison Tech Center. 5244:"History of Electric Cars" 5048:30-Second Great Inventions 3541: 3529: 3518: 3513: 3505: 3497: 3486: 3481: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3455: 3444: 3397: 3391: 3328: 3307: 3285: 3265: 3223: 3201: 3181: 3159: 3139: 3117: 3097: 3075: 3055: 3033: 3013: 2991: 2971: 2929: 2907: 2887: 2865: 2845: 2823: 2803: 2781: 2761: 2739: 2719: 2697: 2677: 2655: 2635: 2613: 2593: 2571: 2429: 2409: 2387: 2369:French Ministry of Ecology 2339: 2269: 2182: 2134: 2116: 2055:electric vehicle batteries 2046: 2012:Research published in the 1898: 1727:volatile organic compounds 1714: 1216:internal-combustion engine 1085: 1081: 1026: 928:recharging infrastructures 850:internal combustion engine 831:fuel cell electric vehicle 29: 15110:Battery electric vehicles 15078: 15018: 14998: 14962: 14936: 14929: 14898: 14862: 14845: 14796: 14728: 14697: 14661: 14625: 14548: 14440: 14433: 14340: 14287: 14224: 14148: 14068:(engine / drive) 14062: 14034: 13981: 13833: 13755: 13547: 13485: 13444: 13391: 13358: 13330: 13302: 13264: 13213: 13204: 13117: 13101:What Is the Electric Car? 13085: 13012: 12976: 12948:Hydrogen-powered aircraft 12928: 12852: 12684: 12654: 12597: 12574: 12556: 12550:Alternative fuel vehicles 12446:How an electric car works 11568:. Cambridge, MA: w21291. 10624:"2018年12月微型轿车销量排行榜_平行线车网" 10599:"2017年12月微型轿车销量排行榜_平行线车网" 10574:"【小蚂蚁销量】小蚂蚁全国销量数据-易车榜-易车" 9104:Renewable Energy Magazine 8083:"04.8 EV fire reignition" 7771:Vibroengineering PROCEDIA 5472:Boschert, Sherry (2006). 5050:. Ivy Press. p. 62. 5023:. London. 24 April 2009. 4907:Roth, Hans (March 2011). 4221:Personal electric vehicle 3676:This section needs to be 3544:(100% HEV/PHEV/ZEV sales) 3524: 3500: 3458: 3414:plug-in electric vehicles 3311: 2548: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2373:ground-level power supply 2258:. This station is run by 2020: 1978: 1940:Cabin heating and cooling 1763:electricity from the grid 1449:electric vehicle networks 1222:of cheaper gasoline- and 1130:built an electric car in 1051:rechargeable battery pack 1049:(EV) that has an onboard 1043:battery electric vehicles 894:in order to maximize the 848:Compared to conventional 805:as the primary source of 301:Sustainable refurbishment 15115:Sustainable technologies 14885:Battery electric vehicle 14875:Plug-in electric vehicle 13707:Sedan delivery/Panel van 12810:Plug-in electric vehicle 12790:Gyro flywheel locomotive 12768:Battery electric vehicle 12148:(in Korean). 8 June 2020 9634:: Tesla. 26 January 2022 7866:Journal of Power Sources 7525:. Toyota. Archived from 6886:. Wired. 7 December 2018 6862:Greenpeace International 6321:Ben (14 December 2019). 5940:. Automotive Logistics. 5520:"Electric Car Evolution" 5411:"Elwell-Parker, Limited" 5075:. Routledge. p. 6. 4273:"Electric Vehicle Myths" 4147:Plug-in electric vehicle 4142:Battery electric vehicle 3933:in the 2021 time frame. 3834:Modular Electric Toolkit 3325:Electric cars by country 2652:Wuling Hongguang Mini EV 2288:Combined Charging System 2282:supplying direct current 2130: 2119:Electric vehicle battery 2113:Nissan Leaf battery pack 2036:skateboard configuration 1665:electric vehicle battery 1505:. During the 2010s, the 1499:greenhouse-gas emissions 1037:Battery electric vehicle 916:research and development 881:electric vehicle battery 815:battery electric vehicle 811:plug-in electric vehicle 794:that is propelled by an 286:Sustainable architecture 241:Glass in green buildings 231:Environmental technology 161:Compact fluorescent lamp 42:Modern all-electric cars 15105:Automotive technologies 14870:Hybrid electric vehicle 13968:Liquified petroleum gas 13780:Driverless (autonomous) 13030:Hybrid electric vehicle 12994:Liquid nitrogen vehicle 12989:Hybrid electric vehicle 12795:Hybrid electric vehicle 12758:Electric platform truck 10493:"Monthly Sales 12-2023" 7276:"All-Electric Vehicles" 4548:. Automotive News China 4448:. Reuters. 14 July 2021 2189:Most electric cars use 2086:provides the "P" mode. 2014:British Medical Journal 1861:motor in each wheel hub 1780:transportation such as 1629:total cost of ownership 1614:Total cost of ownership 1404:zero-emissions vehicles 1398:In the early 1990s the 930:(especially those with 607:Human-powered transport 311:Tropical green building 246:Green building and wood 13873:Compressed natural gas 13800:Personal rapid transit 13155:Zero-emissions vehicle 12671:Compressed-air vehicle 12612:Solar-powered aircraft 12115:Genesis, Hyundai Kia. 11645:Canadian Public Policy 11620:Cite journal requires 11605:10.5281/ZENODO.6496339 9187:(in German). Germany. 8933:, 2022, archived from 7784:10.21595/vp.2020.21569 7765:Wang, Peiling (2020). 7015:fm (2 February 2022). 6357:Automotive News Europe 5616:. 2012. Archived from 5614:Guinness World Records 4991:"Electric Car History" 4951:Guarnieri, M. (2012). 3584:zero-emissions vehicle 3554:grants and tax credits 3409: 3389: 2736:BYD Yuan Plus / Atto 3 2537:Lifetime global sales 2426:Sales of electric cars 2317: 2267: 2158: 2125:lithium iron phosphate 2114: 2076:automatic transmission 2064:thermal imaging camera 1991: 1987:Side impact test of a 1913: 1850:power-to-weight ratios 1845: 1801: 1712: 1711:reserves in the world. 1513:In July 2019 US-based 1072:motorised quadricycles 874:engine cooling systems 819:on-board battery packs 703:Personal rapid transit 445:Tidal stream generator 306:Thermal energy storage 226:Environmental planning 14985:EE/FF (CCS Combo 1/2) 14139:Dual motor-four-wheel 13737:Town (Coupé de Ville) 13025:Flexible-fuel vehicle 12953:Hydrogen-powered ship 12905:Flexible-fuel vehicle 12780:Electric kick scooter 11701:. 19 September 2018. 11510:"Norwegian EV policy" 7196:E-Mobility Technology 6797:Nature Communications 5242:Handy, Galen (2014). 5155:"Electric automobile" 5046:Boyle, David (2018). 4210:Vehicle-to-everything 3407: 3384: 3156:Hyundai Kona Electric 2312: 2249: 2232:home charging station 2144: 2135:Further information: 2112: 1986: 1908: 1843: 1820:Specifically for the 1799: 1698: 1691:Environmental aspects 1501:and to improve urban 1437:Palo Alto, California 1346:Lunar Roving Vehicles 951:plug-in electric cars 547:Sustainable transport 492:Floating wind turbine 321:Zero heating building 236:Fossil fuel phase-out 14150:Engine configuration 13150:Wind-powered vehicle 12734:Battery electric bus 12092:. 21 November 2019. 12062:. 21 November 2019. 11657:10.3138/cpp.2016-010 11639:IRVINE, IAN (2017). 11370:La Nación (San José) 9160:www.nationalgrid.com 7495:. 24 November 2014. 5911:Neue Zürcher Zeitung 5276:. 25 February 2012. 5071:Denton, Tom (2016). 4612:commercial vehicles. 3724:improve this section 3577:driving restrictions 2543:Annual global sales 2540:Total sales through 2378:electric road system 2250:Charging station at 2098:regenerative braking 1951:PTC junction cooling 1934:Regenerative braking 1918:thermodynamic limits 1881:manual transmissions 1877:direct current motor 1598:per kWh in 2010, to 1413:electric-auto maker 1394:Modern electric cars 1295:Flocken Elektrowagen 1273:, the world's first 1143:Flocken Elektrowagen 1137:In 1888, the German 967:limit climate change 792:passenger automobile 681:Personal transporter 576:Wind-powered vehicle 420:Marine current power 326:Zero-energy building 186:Efficient energy use 14829:Electric locomotive 14156:internal combustion 13958:Internal combustion 13765:All-terrain vehicle 13687:Retractable hardtop 12999:Natural gas vehicle 12204:. 2 November 2019. 11808:. 13 January 2019. 11446:Automotive Business 11304:2020EnPol.13911328Z 9858:www.autohome.com.cn 9214:. electricdrive.com 8965:European Commission 8913:on 2 September 2021 8887:on 24 November 2020 8852:. Green Car Reports 8524:www.fleetnews.co.uk 7942:General Motors News 7878:2003JPS...113...81S 7280:www.fueleconomy.gov 7085:2018PLoSO..1393777R 6809:2020NatCo..11.4570G 6647:2020ScTEn.73337823B 6609:www.fleetnews.co.uk 6501:www.mroelectric.com 6115:on 26 December 2010 5981:2021EnPol.14912023O 5620:on 16 February 2013 5217:Science Museum Blog 5021:The Daily Telegraph 4359:. 23 September 2020 4357:California Governor 4190:Electric motorsport 3927:Ford Mustang Mach-E 3781: 3608:internal combustion 3594:standards, and the 3433: 2521: 2300:Tesla Superchargers 2168:roadside assistance 1568:have developed the 1439:, but steered from 1423:lithium-ion battery 1348:were battery-driven 997:sanitation vehicles 985:commercial vehicles 368:Carbon-neutral fuel 296:Sustainable habitat 151:Building insulation 139:Energy conservation 115:Part of a series on 14916:Tesla Supercharger 12666:Compressed-air car 12632:List of prototypes 12489:History of science 12361:. 3 December 2020. 12030:Green Car Congress 11941:. 7 October 2019. 11872:Volkswagen, Ford. 11861:. 5 February 2021. 11781:Detroit Free Press 11745:. 28 January 2021. 10838:. IEA Publications 10521:. Carsalesbase.com 10310:. Carsalesbase.com 10257:. Carsalesbase.com 9088:on 21 October 2021 8740:. 19 August 2021. 8063:. 22 February 2017 6528:The New York Times 6224:. 16 December 2020 6140:The New York Times 5522:. Clean Technica. 5332:Cub Scout Car Show 5101:Neue Presse Coburg 3780: 3562:congestion charges 3437:Selected countries 3419: 3410: 3390: 2927:Ceased production 2624:~2.06 million 2582:~2.49 million 2519: 2348:assessed in Sweden 2318: 2268: 2191:a wired connection 2159: 2115: 1992: 1973:external batteries 1914: 1846: 1802: 1747:oxides of nitrogen 1723:exhaust pollutants 1713: 1590:Manufacturing cost 1475:would provide the 1362:General Motors EV1 1327:La Jamais Contente 1279:Werner von Siemens 1205:La Jamais Contente 1093:Early developments 1070:, and as electric 979:currently has the 924:inductive charging 383:Geothermal heating 211:Energy saving lamp 121:Sustainable energy 15087: 15086: 15074: 15073: 15014: 15013: 14949:Type 2 (Mennekes) 14804:Electric aircraft 14790:Electric vehicles 14756: 14755: 14621: 14620: 14247: 14246: 13543: 13542: 13312:Compact executive 13163: 13162: 13072:Electric aircraft 12938:Fuel cell vehicle 12785:Fuel cell vehicle 12709:Electric aircraft 12641:Electric aircraft 12566:Fuel cell vehicle 12375:. 8 January 2021. 12002:. 21 March 2019. 12000:Green Car Reports 11775:LaReau, Jamie L. 11699:Green Car Reports 11338:"The great crawl" 11266:The Straits Times 10656:Hyundai Worldwide 10418:www.chinamobil.ru 10335:www.chinamobil.ru 9106:. 22 March 2019. 8937:on 2 January 2023 8713:Electrify America 8139:HowStuffWorks.com 8110:. Autocar.co.uk. 7914:. 29 March 2018. 7681:978-0-309-07601-2 7585:. February 2018. 7394:Green Car Reports 7335:. 10 March 2018. 7314:978-0-8157-0305-1 7141:. 2 February 2022 7048:. 1 February 2022 7046:Clean Energy Wire 6967:978-92-861-5223-8 6856:Casson, Richard. 6333:on 12 August 2021 6276:. 23 October 2020 6075:. 13 March 2019. 5655:978-0-8157-0305-1 5640:David B. Sandalow 5561:978-0-9830428-2-2 5489:978-0-86571-571-4 5458:978-0-19-537664-7 5274:Automobilesreview 4997:on 5 January 2014 4976:978-1-4673-3078-7 4741:www.greencars.com 4718:. 25 April 2021. 4499:. 28 January 2021 4162:Electric rickshaw 4111: 4110: 3774: 3773: 3766: 3756: 3755: 3748: 3697: 3696: 3660: 3549: 3548: 3545: 3537: 3522: 3509: 3490: 3477: 3448: 3322: 3321: 3318: 2588:1,211,601 (2023) 2488:heavy quadricycle 2473:Mitsubishi Motors 2278:charging stations 2216:Wireless charging 2039:better handling. 1895:Energy efficiency 1885:Rimac Concept One 1488:series production 1484:Mitsubishi i-MiEV 1477:electric vehicles 1435:company based in 1313:- photo from 1895 1201:land speed record 914:. There are also 900:charging stations 885:mains electricity 858:exhaust emissions 803:electrical energy 776: 775: 373:Geothermal energy 16:(Redirected from 15122: 14934: 14933: 14927: 14926: 14906:Charging station 14857: 14851: 14819:Electric bicycle 14783: 14776: 14769: 14760: 14759: 14746: 14736: 14735: 14679:French Polynesia 14438: 14437: 14274: 14267: 14260: 14251: 14250: 14159: 14118:Front-four-wheel 14069: 13932:direct injection 13843:Alternative fuel 13657:Multi-stop truck 13211: 13210: 13190: 13183: 13176: 13167: 13166: 12963:Hydrogen vehicle 12943:Hydrogen economy 12910:Methanol economy 12763:Electric vehicle 12714:Electric bicycle 12686:Electric battery 12584:Electric bicycle 12543: 12536: 12529: 12520: 12519: 12511: 12510: 12499: 12498: 12487: 12486: 12485: 12475: 12474: 12473: 12466: 12434: 12433: 12431: 12429: 12414: 12408: 12407: 12401: 12399: 12383: 12377: 12376: 12369: 12363: 12362: 12355: 12349: 12348: 12343: 12341: 12321: 12315: 12314: 12303: 12297: 12296: 12294: 12292: 12280: 12274: 12273: 12271: 12269: 12254: 12248: 12247: 12245: 12243: 12224: 12218: 12217: 12215: 12213: 12194: 12188: 12187: 12185: 12183: 12174:. 16 June 2019. 12164: 12158: 12157: 12155: 12153: 12138: 12132: 12131: 12129: 12127: 12112: 12106: 12105: 12103: 12101: 12082: 12076: 12075: 12073: 12071: 12052: 12046: 12045: 12043: 12041: 12022: 12016: 12015: 12013: 12011: 11992: 11986: 11985: 11983: 11981: 11961: 11955: 11954: 11952: 11950: 11931: 11925: 11924: 11922: 11920: 11900: 11894: 11893: 11891: 11889: 11869: 11863: 11862: 11855: 11849: 11848: 11846: 11844: 11837:Consumer Reports 11831:Bartlett, Jeff. 11828: 11822: 11821: 11819: 11817: 11798: 11792: 11791: 11789: 11787: 11772: 11766: 11765: 11753: 11747: 11746: 11739: 11733: 11732: 11721: 11715: 11714: 11712: 11710: 11691: 11685: 11684: 11636: 11630: 11629: 11623: 11618: 11616: 11608: 11592: 11586: 11585: 11563: 11554: 11548: 11547: 11545: 11543: 11528: 11522: 11521: 11519: 11517: 11506: 11500: 11499: 11493: 11485: 11479: 11478: 11472: 11464: 11458: 11457: 11455: 11453: 11438: 11432: 11431: 11429: 11427: 11411: 11405: 11404: 11402: 11400: 11389: 11383: 11382: 11380: 11378: 11360: 11354: 11353: 11351: 11349: 11334: 11328: 11327: 11325: 11315: 11283: 11277: 11276: 11274: 11272: 11257: 11251: 11250: 11248: 11246: 11232: 11223: 11222: 11220: 11218: 11209: 11200: 11189: 11184: 11178: 11177: 11175: 11173: 11158: 11152: 11151: 11149: 11147: 11133: 11127: 11123: 11121: 11119: 11114:. EV-volumes.com 11107: 11101: 11097: 11095: 11093: 11087: 11078: 11072: 11068: 11066: 11064: 11058: 11051: 11042: 11036: 11032: 11030: 11028: 11022: 11015: 11006: 11000: 10995: 10989: 10981: 10979: 10977: 10971: 10964: 10955: 10949: 10948: 10946: 10944: 10921: 10915: 10909: 10903: 10895: 10893: 10891: 10885: 10872: 10866: 10861: 10855: 10847: 10845: 10843: 10828: 10815: 10810: 10804: 10799: 10793: 10788: 10786: 10784: 10764: 10755: 10749: 10743: 10742: 10740: 10738: 10724: 10718: 10717: 10715: 10713: 10698: 10692: 10691: 10689: 10687: 10673: 10667: 10666: 10664: 10662: 10648: 10639: 10638: 10636: 10634: 10620: 10614: 10613: 10611: 10609: 10595: 10589: 10588: 10586: 10584: 10570: 10564: 10556: 10554: 10552: 10540: 10534: 10530: 10528: 10526: 10514: 10508: 10507: 10505: 10503: 10489: 10483: 10478: 10476: 10474: 10462: 10456: 10451: 10449: 10447: 10435: 10429: 10428: 10426: 10424: 10410: 10404: 10403: 10401: 10399: 10385: 10376: 10375: 10373: 10371: 10357: 10346: 10345: 10343: 10341: 10327: 10321: 10319: 10317: 10315: 10303: 10297: 10296: 10294: 10292: 10277: 10268: 10266: 10264: 10262: 10255:"BYD Dolphin EV" 10250: 10244: 10243: 10241: 10239: 10225: 10210: 10209: 10207: 10205: 10191: 10176: 10175: 10170: 10168: 10153: 10147: 10146: 10141: 10139: 10124: 10118: 10117: 10115: 10113: 10098: 10085: 10084: 10079: 10077: 10062: 10056: 10054: 10052: 10050: 10038: 10032: 10030: 10028: 10026: 10011: 9996: 9995: 9993: 9991: 9977: 9971: 9970: 9968: 9966: 9952: 9946: 9945: 9943: 9941: 9927: 9921: 9920: 9918: 9916: 9901: 9895: 9891: 9889: 9887: 9875: 9869: 9868: 9866: 9864: 9850: 9844: 9840: 9834: 9832: 9826: 9818: 9809: 9808: 9806: 9804: 9792: 9781: 9776: 9771: 9769: 9763: 9755: 9749: 9748: 9742: 9740: 9729: 9723: 9722: 9720: 9718: 9712:CarNewsChina.com 9703: 9697: 9696: 9694: 9692: 9677: 9671: 9670: 9668: 9666: 9660:CarNewsChina.com 9651: 9645: 9643: 9641: 9639: 9629: 9621: 9615: 9614: 9609: 9607: 9592: 9586: 9582: 9580: 9578: 9563: 9557: 9555: 9553: 9551: 9535: 9529: 9527: 9525: 9523: 9511: 9505: 9504: 9502: 9500: 9485: 9479: 9477: 9475: 9473: 9461: 9450: 9448: 9446: 9444: 9432: 9421: 9419: 9417: 9415: 9403: 9394: 9392: 9390: 9388: 9376: 9355: 9353: 9351: 9349: 9334: 9315: 9314: 9312: 9310: 9290: 9284: 9280: 9278: 9276: 9256: 9250: 9246: 9244: 9242: 9230: 9224: 9223: 9221: 9219: 9207: 9201: 9200: 9198: 9196: 9177: 9171: 9170: 9168: 9166: 9152: 9146: 9145: 9143: 9141: 9126: 9120: 9119: 9117: 9115: 9096: 9090: 9089: 9087: 9081:, archived from 9080: 9069: 9063: 9062: 9049: 9040: 9039: 9026: 9020: 9019: 9009: 9003: 9002: 9000: 8989: 8983: 8982: 8981: 8979: 8973: 8962: 8952: 8946: 8945: 8944: 8942: 8921: 8915: 8914: 8912: 8905: 8895: 8889: 8888: 8886: 8880:, archived from 8879: 8868: 8862: 8861: 8859: 8857: 8845: 8839: 8838: 8836: 8834: 8819: 8813: 8812: 8810: 8808: 8793: 8787: 8786: 8784: 8782: 8773:. 2 April 2019. 8763: 8757: 8756: 8754: 8752: 8730: 8724: 8723: 8721: 8719: 8705: 8699: 8698: 8696: 8694: 8680: 8674: 8673: 8671: 8669: 8650: 8644: 8643: 8641: 8639: 8630:. 9 March 2018. 8620: 8614: 8613: 8611: 8609: 8595: 8589: 8588: 8586: 8584: 8570: 8561: 8560: 8558: 8556: 8541: 8535: 8534: 8532: 8530: 8516: 8510: 8509: 8507: 8505: 8490: 8484: 8483: 8481: 8474: 8466: 8460: 8459: 8454: 8452: 8437: 8431: 8430: 8425: 8423: 8417: 8406: 8398: 8392: 8391: 8389: 8387: 8373: 8364: 8363: 8361: 8354: 8346: 8340: 8339: 8337: 8335: 8316: 8310: 8309: 8307: 8305: 8285: 8279: 8278: 8276: 8274: 8260: 8254: 8253: 8237: 8231: 8230: 8228: 8226: 8220: 8212: 8206: 8205: 8203: 8201: 8186: 8180: 8179: 8177: 8175: 8161: 8155: 8154: 8152: 8150: 8130: 8124: 8123: 8121: 8119: 8104: 8098: 8097: 8095: 8093: 8079: 8073: 8072: 8070: 8068: 8053: 8047: 8046: 8044: 8042: 8036: 8029: 8021: 8015: 8014: 8012: 8010: 7990: 7984: 7983: 7981: 7979: 7964: 7958: 7957: 7955: 7953: 7934: 7928: 7927: 7925: 7923: 7912:The Mercury News 7904: 7898: 7897: 7861: 7855: 7854: 7852: 7850: 7835: 7829: 7828: 7826: 7824: 7810: 7804: 7803: 7801: 7799: 7786: 7762: 7756: 7755: 7753: 7751: 7743:. CNN Business. 7736: 7730: 7729: 7727: 7725: 7719: 7712: 7704: 7698: 7697: 7695: 7693: 7664: 7658: 7657: 7655: 7653: 7638: 7629: 7628: 7626: 7624: 7615:. October 2018. 7605: 7599: 7598: 7596: 7594: 7575: 7569: 7568: 7566: 7564: 7545: 7539: 7538: 7536: 7534: 7515: 7509: 7508: 7506: 7504: 7485: 7479: 7478: 7476: 7474: 7458: 7452: 7451: 7449: 7447: 7431: 7425: 7424: 7423: 7419: 7412: 7406: 7405: 7403: 7401: 7386: 7380: 7379: 7377: 7375: 7355: 7349: 7348: 7346: 7344: 7325: 7319: 7318: 7300: 7291: 7290: 7288: 7286: 7272: 7266: 7265: 7263: 7261: 7250:Business Insider 7241: 7235: 7234: 7232: 7230: 7214: 7208: 7207: 7205: 7203: 7188: 7182: 7181: 7179: 7177: 7157: 7151: 7150: 7148: 7146: 7139:Mayors of Europe 7131: 7125: 7124: 7114: 7096: 7064: 7058: 7057: 7055: 7053: 7038: 7032: 7031: 7029: 7027: 7021:Financial Mirror 7012: 7006: 7005: 7003: 7001: 6987: 6972: 6971: 6951: 6945: 6944: 6942: 6940: 6928: 6922: 6921: 6919: 6917: 6911:The Conversation 6902: 6896: 6895: 6893: 6891: 6880: 6874: 6873: 6871: 6869: 6853: 6847: 6846: 6836: 6788: 6782: 6781: 6779: 6777: 6762: 6756: 6755: 6753: 6751: 6737: 6731: 6730: 6728: 6717: 6709: 6703: 6702: 6700: 6698: 6691:The BRAKE Report 6683: 6677: 6676: 6658: 6626: 6620: 6619: 6617: 6615: 6601: 6595: 6594: 6592: 6590: 6576: 6570: 6569: 6567: 6565: 6560:on 23 March 2011 6550: 6544: 6543: 6541: 6539: 6519: 6513: 6512: 6510: 6508: 6492: 6486: 6485: 6483: 6481: 6467: 6461: 6460: 6458: 6456: 6436: 6430: 6429: 6427: 6425: 6408: 6402: 6401: 6399: 6397: 6375: 6369: 6368: 6366: 6364: 6349: 6343: 6342: 6340: 6338: 6329:. Archived from 6318: 6312: 6311: 6309: 6307: 6292: 6286: 6285: 6283: 6281: 6266: 6260: 6259: 6257: 6255: 6240: 6234: 6233: 6231: 6229: 6214: 6208: 6207: 6205: 6203: 6188: 6182: 6181: 6179: 6177: 6162: 6156: 6155: 6153: 6151: 6131: 6125: 6124: 6122: 6120: 6114: 6108:. Archived from 6103: 6095: 6089: 6088: 6086: 6084: 6063: 6057: 6056: 6041: 6035: 6034: 6032: 6030: 6023:Consumer Reports 6015: 6009: 6008: 5960: 5954: 5953: 5951: 5949: 5933: 5927: 5926: 5924: 5922: 5902: 5896: 5895: 5893: 5891: 5872: 5866: 5865: 5863: 5861: 5845: 5839: 5838: 5836: 5834: 5818: 5812: 5811: 5799: 5793: 5792: 5787:. BloombergNEF. 5779: 5773: 5772: 5761: 5755: 5754: 5748: 5746: 5731: 5725: 5724: 5722: 5720: 5715:. 3 January 2022 5705: 5699: 5698: 5696: 5689: 5681: 5675: 5673:See Introduction 5671: 5669: 5667: 5636: 5630: 5629: 5627: 5625: 5606: 5600: 5599: 5597: 5595: 5580: 5574: 5573: 5545: 5539: 5535: 5533: 5531: 5515: 5509: 5500: 5494: 5493: 5469: 5463: 5462: 5438: 5427: 5426: 5424: 5422: 5407: 5401: 5395: 5389: 5388: 5382: 5380: 5360: 5354: 5353: 5352: 5350: 5344: 5338:, January 2008, 5337: 5327: 5321: 5320: 5318: 5316: 5296: 5290: 5289: 5287: 5285: 5266: 5260: 5259: 5257: 5255: 5239: 5233: 5232: 5230: 5228: 5208: 5202: 5201: 5199: 5197: 5177: 5171: 5170: 5168: 5166: 5151: 5145: 5144: 5142: 5140: 5126: 5117: 5116: 5114: 5112: 5093: 5087: 5086: 5068: 5062: 5061: 5043: 5037: 5036: 5034: 5032: 5013: 5007: 5006: 5004: 5002: 4993:. Archived from 4987: 4981: 4980: 4968: 4959:. pp. 1–6. 4948: 4942: 4941: 4923: 4917: 4916: 4904: 4898: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4882: 4876: 4875: 4873: 4871: 4856: 4850: 4849: 4847: 4845: 4822: 4816: 4815: 4813: 4811: 4799: 4788: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4763: 4752: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4733: 4727: 4726: 4724: 4713: 4705: 4696: 4695: 4693: 4691: 4685:Consumer Reports 4676: 4667: 4663: 4661: 4659: 4647: 4641: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4621: 4615: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4593: 4587: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4568: 4562: 4557: 4555: 4553: 4541: 4535: 4531: 4529: 4527: 4515: 4509: 4508: 4506: 4504: 4489: 4483: 4482: 4480: 4478: 4464: 4458: 4457: 4455: 4453: 4442: 4436: 4435: 4421:The Climate Book 4415: 4409: 4408: 4402: 4394: 4392: 4390: 4375: 4369: 4368: 4366: 4364: 4349: 4343: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4324: 4318: 4317: 4315: 4313: 4294: 4288: 4287: 4285: 4283: 4268: 4262: 4261: 4259: 4257: 4238: 4137:Electric vehicle 3959: 3782: 3779: 3777:transportation. 3769: 3762: 3751: 3744: 3740: 3737: 3731: 3707: 3706: 3699: 3692: 3689: 3683: 3671: 3670: 3663: 3652: 3630: 3629: 3622: 3600:battery electric 3543: 3531: 3521:(100% ZEV sales) 3520: 3508:(100% ZEV sales) 3507: 3489:(100% ZEV sales) 3488: 3476:(100% ZEV sales) 3475: 3447:(100% ZEV sales) 3446: 3434: 3418: 3366: 3353:Annual sales of 3350: 3312: 3290: 3274: 3248: 3232: 3206: 3190: 3164: 3148: 3122: 3106: 3080: 3064: 3038: 3022: 2996: 2980: 2954: 2938: 2912: 2896: 2870: 2854: 2828: 2812: 2786: 2770: 2744: 2728: 2702: 2686: 2660: 2644: 2618: 2602: 2576: 2560: 2551: 2522: 2455:automotive group 2322:battery swapping 2199:Type 2 connector 1922:Gasoline engines 1767:coal-fired power 1670: 1663:As of 2020, the 1621:Consumer Reports 1605: 1601: 1597: 1546: 1534: 1445:battery swapping 1381: 1357: 1338: 1322: 1306: 1290: 1266: 1247: 1194:Detroit Electric 1047:electric vehicle 920:battery swapping 862:carbon footprint 784:electric vehicle 768: 761: 754: 741: 737: 736: 727: 722: 721: 559:Electric vehicle 408:Run-of-the-river 393:Hydroelectricity 378:Geothermal power 339:Renewable energy 291:Sustainable city 266:Low-energy house 206:Energy recycling 131: 112: 111: 100: 84: 68: 52: 32:Electric vehicle 21: 18:All-electric car 15130: 15129: 15125: 15124: 15123: 15121: 15120: 15119: 15090: 15089: 15088: 15083: 15070: 15010: 14994: 14958: 14925: 14921:Vehicle-to-grid 14894: 14858: 14852: 14843: 14792: 14787: 14757: 14752: 14724: 14693: 14657: 14617: 14544: 14429: 14336: 14283: 14278: 14248: 14243: 14220: 14191:Single-cylinder 14153: 14152: 14144: 14132:Rear-four-wheel 14083:Front mid-front 14067: 14066: 14058: 14036:Engine position 14030: 13977: 13963:Liquid nitrogen 13829: 13757: 13751: 13539: 13481: 13440: 13387: 13373:Crossover (CUV) 13354: 13326: 13298: 13260: 13200: 13194: 13164: 13159: 13140:Wave power ship 13130:Ram air turbine 13113: 13081: 13020:Bi-fuel vehicle 13008: 12972: 12924: 12848: 12688: 12680: 12657: 12656:Compressed-air 12650: 12593: 12570: 12552: 12547: 12517: 12505: 12493: 12483: 12481: 12471: 12469: 12461: 12442: 12437: 12427: 12425: 12416: 12415: 12411: 12397: 12395: 12384: 12380: 12371: 12370: 12366: 12357: 12356: 12352: 12339: 12337: 12322: 12318: 12305: 12304: 12300: 12290: 12288: 12281: 12277: 12267: 12265: 12255: 12251: 12241: 12239: 12226: 12225: 12221: 12211: 12209: 12202:Automotive News 12196: 12195: 12191: 12181: 12179: 12172:Automotive News 12166: 12165: 12161: 12151: 12149: 12140: 12139: 12135: 12125: 12123: 12113: 12109: 12099: 12097: 12084: 12083: 12079: 12069: 12067: 12060:Automotive News 12054: 12053: 12049: 12039: 12037: 12024: 12023: 12019: 12009: 12007: 11994: 11993: 11989: 11979: 11977: 11962: 11958: 11948: 11946: 11939:Automotive News 11933: 11932: 11928: 11918: 11916: 11901: 11897: 11887: 11885: 11870: 11866: 11857: 11856: 11852: 11842: 11840: 11829: 11825: 11815: 11813: 11800: 11799: 11795: 11785: 11783: 11773: 11769: 11754: 11750: 11741: 11740: 11736: 11723: 11722: 11718: 11708: 11706: 11693: 11692: 11688: 11637: 11633: 11621: 11619: 11610: 11609: 11593: 11589: 11561: 11555: 11551: 11541: 11539: 11529: 11525: 11515: 11513: 11508: 11507: 11503: 11491: 11487: 11486: 11482: 11470: 11466: 11465: 11461: 11451: 11449: 11440: 11439: 11435: 11425: 11423: 11422:on 19 June 2020 11412: 11408: 11398: 11396: 11391: 11390: 11386: 11376: 11374: 11361: 11357: 11347: 11345: 11336: 11335: 11331: 11284: 11280: 11270: 11268: 11258: 11254: 11244: 11242: 11234: 11233: 11226: 11216: 11214: 11207: 11201: 11192: 11185: 11181: 11171: 11169: 11159: 11155: 11145: 11143: 11135: 11134: 11130: 11117: 11115: 11108: 11104: 11091: 11089: 11085: 11079: 11075: 11062: 11060: 11056: 11049: 11043: 11039: 11026: 11024: 11020: 11013: 11007: 11003: 10983: 10982: 10975: 10973: 10972:on 16 June 2020 10969: 10962: 10956: 10952: 10942: 10940: 10922: 10918: 10897: 10896: 10889: 10887: 10883: 10873: 10869: 10849: 10848: 10841: 10839: 10829: 10818: 10811: 10807: 10800: 10796: 10782: 10780: 10765: 10758: 10750: 10746: 10736: 10734: 10726: 10725: 10721: 10711: 10709: 10699: 10695: 10685: 10683: 10675: 10674: 10670: 10660: 10658: 10650: 10649: 10642: 10632: 10630: 10622: 10621: 10617: 10607: 10605: 10597: 10596: 10592: 10582: 10580: 10572: 10571: 10567: 10550: 10548: 10541: 10537: 10524: 10522: 10517:Demandt, Bart. 10515: 10511: 10501: 10499: 10491: 10490: 10486: 10472: 10470: 10463: 10459: 10445: 10443: 10436: 10432: 10422: 10420: 10412: 10411: 10407: 10397: 10395: 10387: 10386: 10379: 10369: 10367: 10359: 10358: 10349: 10339: 10337: 10329: 10328: 10324: 10313: 10311: 10306:Demandt, Bart. 10304: 10300: 10290: 10288: 10278: 10271: 10260: 10258: 10253:Demandt, Bart. 10251: 10247: 10237: 10235: 10227: 10226: 10213: 10203: 10201: 10193: 10192: 10179: 10166: 10164: 10154: 10150: 10137: 10135: 10125: 10121: 10111: 10109: 10099: 10088: 10075: 10073: 10063: 10059: 10048: 10046: 10045:. CleanTechnica 10039: 10035: 10024: 10022: 10012: 9999: 9989: 9987: 9979: 9978: 9974: 9964: 9962: 9954: 9953: 9949: 9939: 9937: 9929: 9928: 9924: 9914: 9912: 9902: 9898: 9885: 9883: 9882:. electrive.com 9876: 9872: 9862: 9860: 9852: 9851: 9847: 9830: 9828: 9827:. 15 March 2021 9824: 9820: 9819: 9812: 9802: 9800: 9799:. InsideEVs.com 9793: 9784: 9767: 9765: 9764:. 19 March 2020 9761: 9757: 9756: 9752: 9738: 9736: 9731: 9730: 9726: 9716: 9714: 9704: 9700: 9690: 9688: 9678: 9674: 9664: 9662: 9652: 9648: 9637: 9635: 9627: 9623: 9622: 9618: 9605: 9603: 9593: 9589: 9576: 9574: 9565: 9564: 9560: 9549: 9547: 9542:. EVSales.com. 9536: 9532: 9521: 9519: 9512: 9508: 9498: 9496: 9486: 9482: 9471: 9469: 9462: 9453: 9442: 9440: 9433: 9424: 9413: 9411: 9404: 9397: 9386: 9384: 9383:. CleanTechnica 9377: 9358: 9347: 9345: 9335: 9318: 9308: 9306: 9291: 9287: 9274: 9272: 9257: 9253: 9240: 9238: 9237:. InsideEVs.com 9231: 9227: 9217: 9215: 9208: 9204: 9194: 9192: 9179: 9178: 9174: 9164: 9162: 9154: 9153: 9149: 9139: 9137: 9128: 9127: 9123: 9113: 9111: 9098: 9097: 9093: 9085: 9078: 9070: 9066: 9050: 9043: 9027: 9023: 9011: 9010: 9006: 8998: 8990: 8986: 8977: 8975: 8974:on 8 April 2022 8971: 8960: 8954: 8953: 8949: 8940: 8938: 8923: 8922: 8918: 8910: 8903: 8897: 8896: 8892: 8884: 8877: 8869: 8865: 8855: 8853: 8846: 8842: 8832: 8830: 8821: 8820: 8816: 8806: 8804: 8795: 8794: 8790: 8780: 8778: 8765: 8764: 8760: 8750: 8748: 8732: 8731: 8727: 8717: 8715: 8707: 8706: 8702: 8692: 8690: 8682: 8681: 8677: 8667: 8665: 8652: 8651: 8647: 8637: 8635: 8622: 8621: 8617: 8607: 8605: 8597: 8596: 8592: 8582: 8580: 8572: 8571: 8564: 8554: 8552: 8542: 8538: 8528: 8526: 8518: 8517: 8513: 8503: 8501: 8492: 8491: 8487: 8482:on 6 July 2011. 8479: 8472: 8468: 8467: 8463: 8450: 8448: 8439: 8438: 8434: 8421: 8419: 8415: 8404: 8400: 8399: 8395: 8385: 8383: 8375: 8374: 8367: 8359: 8352: 8348: 8347: 8343: 8333: 8331: 8318: 8317: 8313: 8303: 8301: 8286: 8282: 8272: 8270: 8262: 8261: 8257: 8238: 8234: 8224: 8222: 8218: 8214: 8213: 8209: 8199: 8197: 8188: 8187: 8183: 8173: 8171: 8163: 8162: 8158: 8148: 8146: 8131: 8127: 8117: 8115: 8106: 8105: 8101: 8091: 8089: 8081: 8080: 8076: 8066: 8064: 8055: 8054: 8050: 8040: 8038: 8034: 8027: 8023: 8022: 8018: 8008: 8006: 7991: 7987: 7977: 7975: 7966: 7965: 7961: 7951: 7949: 7936: 7935: 7931: 7921: 7919: 7906: 7905: 7901: 7862: 7858: 7848: 7846: 7837: 7836: 7832: 7822: 7820: 7818:afdc.energy.gov 7812: 7811: 7807: 7797: 7795: 7763: 7759: 7749: 7747: 7737: 7733: 7723: 7721: 7717: 7710: 7706: 7705: 7701: 7691: 7689: 7682: 7665: 7661: 7651: 7649: 7639: 7632: 7622: 7620: 7607: 7606: 7602: 7592: 7590: 7577: 7576: 7572: 7562: 7560: 7547: 7546: 7542: 7532: 7530: 7517: 7516: 7512: 7502: 7500: 7487: 7486: 7482: 7472: 7470: 7459: 7455: 7445: 7443: 7438:. Recyclebank. 7432: 7428: 7421: 7413: 7409: 7399: 7397: 7396:. 8 August 2019 7388: 7387: 7383: 7373: 7371: 7356: 7352: 7342: 7340: 7327: 7326: 7322: 7315: 7301: 7294: 7284: 7282: 7274: 7273: 7269: 7259: 7257: 7242: 7238: 7228: 7226: 7215: 7211: 7201: 7199: 7190: 7189: 7185: 7175: 7173: 7166:How Stuff Works 7158: 7154: 7144: 7142: 7133: 7132: 7128: 7079:(3): e0193777. 7065: 7061: 7051: 7049: 7040: 7039: 7035: 7025: 7023: 7013: 7009: 6999: 6997: 6989: 6988: 6975: 6968: 6952: 6948: 6938: 6936: 6929: 6925: 6915: 6913: 6903: 6899: 6889: 6887: 6882: 6881: 6877: 6867: 6865: 6854: 6850: 6789: 6785: 6775: 6773: 6764: 6763: 6759: 6749: 6747: 6739: 6738: 6734: 6726: 6715: 6711: 6710: 6706: 6696: 6694: 6685: 6684: 6680: 6627: 6623: 6613: 6611: 6603: 6602: 6598: 6588: 6586: 6578: 6577: 6573: 6563: 6561: 6552: 6551: 6547: 6537: 6535: 6520: 6516: 6506: 6504: 6493: 6489: 6479: 6477: 6469: 6468: 6464: 6454: 6452: 6439:McMahon, Jeff. 6437: 6433: 6423: 6421: 6409: 6405: 6395: 6393: 6377: 6376: 6372: 6362: 6360: 6351: 6350: 6346: 6336: 6334: 6319: 6315: 6305: 6303: 6301:Automotive News 6293: 6289: 6279: 6277: 6274:Hindustan Times 6268: 6267: 6263: 6253: 6251: 6250:. 13 March 2020 6242: 6241: 6237: 6227: 6225: 6216: 6215: 6211: 6201: 6199: 6190: 6189: 6185: 6175: 6173: 6164: 6163: 6159: 6149: 6147: 6132: 6128: 6118: 6116: 6112: 6101: 6097: 6096: 6092: 6082: 6080: 6065: 6064: 6060: 6043: 6042: 6038: 6028: 6026: 6025:. 23 April 2024 6017: 6016: 6012: 5961: 5957: 5947: 5945: 5934: 5930: 5920: 5918: 5903: 5899: 5889: 5887: 5874: 5873: 5869: 5859: 5857: 5846: 5842: 5832: 5830: 5819: 5815: 5800: 5796: 5780: 5776: 5763: 5762: 5758: 5744: 5742: 5732: 5728: 5718: 5716: 5707: 5706: 5702: 5694: 5687: 5683: 5682: 5678: 5665: 5663: 5656: 5637: 5633: 5623: 5621: 5608: 5607: 5603: 5593: 5591: 5581: 5577: 5562: 5546: 5542: 5529: 5527: 5516: 5512: 5501: 5497: 5490: 5470: 5466: 5459: 5439: 5430: 5420: 5418: 5409: 5408: 5404: 5396: 5392: 5378: 5376: 5361: 5357: 5348: 5346: 5342: 5335: 5329: 5328: 5324: 5314: 5312: 5297: 5293: 5283: 5281: 5268: 5267: 5263: 5253: 5251: 5240: 5236: 5226: 5224: 5209: 5205: 5195: 5193: 5178: 5174: 5164: 5162: 5153: 5152: 5148: 5138: 5136: 5128: 5127: 5120: 5110: 5108: 5095: 5094: 5090: 5083: 5069: 5065: 5058: 5044: 5040: 5030: 5028: 5015: 5014: 5010: 5000: 4998: 4989: 4988: 4984: 4977: 4949: 4945: 4938: 4924: 4920: 4905: 4901: 4891: 4889: 4884: 4883: 4879: 4869: 4867: 4858: 4857: 4853: 4843: 4841: 4839: 4823: 4819: 4809: 4807: 4806:. CleanTechnica 4800: 4791: 4781: 4779: 4764: 4755: 4745: 4743: 4735: 4734: 4730: 4722: 4711: 4707: 4706: 4699: 4689: 4687: 4677: 4670: 4657: 4655: 4648: 4644: 4631: 4629: 4622: 4618: 4603: 4601: 4600:. InsideEVs.com 4594: 4590: 4577: 4575: 4570: 4569: 4565: 4551: 4549: 4542: 4538: 4525: 4523: 4516: 4512: 4502: 4500: 4491: 4490: 4486: 4476: 4474: 4466: 4465: 4461: 4451: 4449: 4444: 4443: 4439: 4432: 4416: 4412: 4396: 4395: 4388: 4386: 4376: 4372: 4362: 4360: 4351: 4350: 4346: 4336: 4334: 4326: 4325: 4321: 4311: 4309: 4296: 4295: 4291: 4281: 4279: 4269: 4265: 4255: 4253: 4240: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4226: 4132: 4116: 3957: 3803: 3795: 3770: 3759: 3758: 3757: 3752: 3741: 3735: 3732: 3721: 3708: 3704: 3693: 3687: 3684: 3681: 3672: 3668: 3631: 3627: 3620: 3612:deadweight loss 3589: 3487:United Kingdom 3427: 3421: 3402: 3396: 3379: 3374: 3373: 3372: 3371: 3370: 3367: 3359: 3358: 3351: 3333: 3327: 3316: 3302:280,217 (2023) 3275: 3260:114,988 (2023) 3240:Hyundai Ioniq 5 3233: 3218:139,268 (2023) 3198:Volkswagen ID.3 3191: 3149: 3107: 3092:~35,000 (2022) 3065: 3050:106,502 (2023) 3023: 3008:229,555 (2023) 2981: 2966:192,686 (2023) 2946:Volkswagen ID.4 2939: 2897: 2882:154,774 (2023) 2855: 2840:222,227 (2023) 2813: 2798:367,419 (2023) 2771: 2756:412,202 (2023) 2729: 2687: 2672:118,834 (2023) 2645: 2630:529,287 (2023) 2603: 2561: 2434: 2428: 2423: 2414: 2408: 2392: 2390:Vehicle-to-grid 2386: 2344: 2338: 2274: 2244: 2242:Public charging 2228: 2187: 2181: 2176: 2139: 2133: 2121: 2107: 2072: 2051: 2045: 2034:The battery in 2032: 2023: 1981: 1942: 1903: 1897: 1838: 1833: 1811:diesel vehicles 1807:hybrid vehicles 1794: 1782:active mobility 1735:carbon monoxide 1719: 1693: 1684: 1668: 1654: 1616: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1592: 1587: 1554: 1553: 1552: 1551: 1550: 1547: 1539: 1538: 1535: 1396: 1389: 1382: 1373: 1358: 1349: 1339: 1330: 1323: 1314: 1307: 1298: 1291: 1282: 1267: 1258: 1248: 1220:mass production 1218:(ICE) cars and 1209:Camille Jenatzy 1190:Bailey Electric 1139:Andreas Flocken 1098:Robert Anderson 1095: 1090: 1084: 1039: 1025: 908:parking garages 772: 731: 730: 717: 710: 709: 549: 539: 538: 341: 331: 330: 316:Waste-to-energy 271:Microgeneration 201:Energy recovery 141: 110: 109: 108: 107: 106: 101: 92: 91: 90: 88:Hyundai Ioniq 5 85: 76: 75: 74: 69: 60: 59: 58: 53: 44: 43: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 15128: 15118: 15117: 15112: 15107: 15102: 15085: 15084: 15079: 15076: 15075: 15072: 15071: 15069: 15068: 15063: 15058: 15053: 15048: 15043: 15038: 15033: 15028: 15022: 15020: 15016: 15015: 15012: 15011: 15009: 15008: 15002: 15000: 14996: 14995: 14993: 14992: 14987: 14982: 14977: 14972: 14966: 14964: 14960: 14959: 14957: 14956: 14954:Type 3 (Scame) 14951: 14946: 14940: 14938: 14931: 14924: 14923: 14918: 14913: 14902: 14900: 14896: 14895: 14893: 14892: 14887: 14882: 14877: 14872: 14866: 14864: 14860: 14859: 14846: 14844: 14842: 14841: 14839:Electric truck 14836: 14831: 14826: 14821: 14816: 14811: 14806: 14800: 14798: 14794: 14793: 14786: 14785: 14778: 14771: 14763: 14754: 14753: 14751: 14750: 14740: 14729: 14726: 14725: 14723: 14722: 14717: 14712: 14707: 14701: 14699: 14695: 14694: 14692: 14691: 14686: 14681: 14676: 14671: 14665: 14663: 14659: 14658: 14656: 14655: 14650: 14645: 14640: 14635: 14629: 14627: 14623: 14622: 14619: 14618: 14616: 14615: 14614: 14613: 14606:United Kingdom 14603: 14598: 14593: 14588: 14583: 14578: 14573: 14568: 14563: 14558: 14552: 14550: 14546: 14545: 14543: 14542: 14537: 14532: 14527: 14522: 14517: 14512: 14507: 14502: 14497: 14492: 14487: 14482: 14477: 14472: 14467: 14462: 14457: 14455:Czech Republic 14452: 14446: 14444: 14442:European Union 14435: 14431: 14430: 14428: 14427: 14422: 14417: 14412: 14407: 14402: 14397: 14392: 14387: 14382: 14377: 14372: 14367: 14362: 14357: 14352: 14346: 14344: 14338: 14337: 14335: 14334: 14329: 14324: 14319: 14314: 14309: 14304: 14299: 14293: 14291: 14285: 14284: 14277: 14276: 14269: 14262: 14254: 14245: 14244: 14242: 14241: 14236: 14231: 14225: 14222: 14221: 14219: 14218: 14213: 14208: 14203: 14198: 14193: 14188: 14183: 14178: 14173: 14168: 14162: 14160: 14146: 14145: 14143: 14142: 14135: 14128: 14125:Mid-four-wheel 14121: 14114: 14107: 14100: 14093: 14086: 14079: 14072: 14070: 14060: 14059: 14057: 14056: 14051: 14046: 14040: 14038: 14032: 14031: 14029: 14028: 14023: 14018: 14013: 14008: 14003: 13998: 13993: 13987: 13985: 13979: 13978: 13976: 13975: 13970: 13965: 13960: 13955: 13950: 13940: 13935: 13925: 13920: 13915: 13910: 13905: 13895: 13889: 13880: 13875: 13870: 13865: 13860: 13855: 13850: 13845: 13839: 13837: 13831: 13830: 13828: 13827: 13822: 13817: 13812: 13807: 13802: 13797: 13792: 13787: 13782: 13777: 13772: 13767: 13761: 13759: 13753: 13752: 13750: 13749: 13744: 13739: 13734: 13729: 13724: 13719: 13714: 13712:Shooting brake 13709: 13704: 13702:Saloon / Sedan 13699: 13694: 13689: 13684: 13679: 13674: 13669: 13664: 13659: 13654: 13649: 13644: 13639: 13634: 13629: 13624: 13619: 13614: 13609: 13604: 13599: 13594: 13589: 13584: 13579: 13574: 13569: 13564: 13559: 13553: 13551: 13545: 13544: 13541: 13540: 13538: 13537: 13532: 13527: 13522: 13517: 13512: 13507: 13502: 13497: 13491: 13489: 13483: 13482: 13480: 13479: 13474: 13469: 13464: 13459: 13454: 13448: 13446: 13442: 13441: 13439: 13438: 13433: 13428: 13423: 13418: 13413: 13408: 13403: 13397: 13395: 13389: 13388: 13386: 13385: 13380: 13375: 13370: 13364: 13362: 13356: 13355: 13353: 13352: 13347: 13342: 13336: 13334: 13328: 13327: 13325: 13324: 13319: 13314: 13308: 13306: 13300: 13299: 13297: 13296: 13291: 13286: 13281: 13276: 13270: 13268: 13262: 13261: 13259: 13258: 13253: 13248: 13243: 13238: 13233: 13228: 13223: 13217: 13215: 13208: 13206:Classification 13202: 13201: 13193: 13192: 13185: 13178: 13170: 13161: 13160: 13158: 13157: 13152: 13147: 13142: 13137: 13132: 13127: 13121: 13119: 13115: 13114: 13112: 13111: 13104: 13097: 13089: 13087: 13083: 13082: 13080: 13079: 13074: 13069: 13068: 13067: 13062: 13052: 13050:Plug-in hybrid 13047: 13042: 13040:Hybrid vehicle 13037: 13032: 13027: 13022: 13016: 13014: 13010: 13009: 13007: 13006: 13001: 12996: 12991: 12986: 12980: 12978: 12974: 12973: 12971: 12970: 12965: 12960: 12958:Hydrogen train 12955: 12950: 12945: 12940: 12934: 12932: 12926: 12925: 12923: 12922: 12917: 12912: 12907: 12902: 12897: 12892: 12887: 12882: 12877: 12872: 12867: 12861: 12859: 12850: 12849: 12847: 12846: 12845: 12844: 12839: 12834: 12824: 12819: 12818: 12817: 12807: 12802: 12797: 12792: 12787: 12782: 12777: 12772: 12771: 12770: 12760: 12755: 12753:Electric truck 12750: 12749: 12748: 12738: 12737: 12736: 12726: 12721: 12716: 12711: 12706: 12701: 12695: 12693: 12682: 12681: 12679: 12678: 12673: 12668: 12662: 12660: 12652: 12651: 12649: 12648: 12643: 12638: 12637: 12636: 12635: 12634: 12624: 12619: 12614: 12603: 12601: 12595: 12594: 12592: 12591: 12586: 12580: 12578: 12572: 12571: 12569: 12568: 12562: 12560: 12554: 12553: 12546: 12545: 12538: 12531: 12523: 12516: 12515: 12503: 12491: 12479: 12459: 12458: 12453: 12448: 12441: 12440:External links 12438: 12436: 12435: 12409: 12378: 12364: 12350: 12316: 12298: 12287:. Autocar (UK) 12275: 12249: 12219: 12189: 12159: 12133: 12107: 12077: 12047: 12017: 11987: 11970:Car and Driver 11956: 11926: 11909:Car and Driver 11895: 11864: 11850: 11823: 11793: 11767: 11748: 11734: 11716: 11686: 11631: 11622:|journal= 11587: 11574:10.3386/w21291 11549: 11537:HybridCars.com 11523: 11501: 11480: 11459: 11433: 11406: 11384: 11355: 11344:. 18 June 2016 11329: 11278: 11252: 11224: 11190: 11179: 11161:Irle, Roland. 11153: 11128: 11102: 11073: 11037: 11001: 10950: 10916: 10886:on 13 May 2021 10867: 10816: 10805: 10794: 10756: 10744: 10719: 10693: 10668: 10640: 10615: 10590: 10565: 10535: 10509: 10484: 10457: 10430: 10405: 10377: 10347: 10322: 10298: 10269: 10245: 10211: 10177: 10148: 10119: 10086: 10057: 10033: 9997: 9972: 9947: 9922: 9896: 9870: 9845: 9810: 9782: 9750: 9724: 9698: 9672: 9646: 9616: 9587: 9558: 9530: 9506: 9480: 9451: 9422: 9395: 9356: 9316: 9299:HybridCars.com 9285: 9265:HybridCars.com 9251: 9225: 9202: 9172: 9147: 9121: 9091: 9064: 9041: 9021: 9004: 8984: 8947: 8916: 8890: 8863: 8840: 8829:. 16 June 2021 8814: 8788: 8758: 8725: 8700: 8688:EV Safe Charge 8675: 8645: 8615: 8590: 8562: 8536: 8511: 8500:. 29 July 2021 8485: 8461: 8432: 8393: 8365: 8341: 8311: 8280: 8255: 8232: 8207: 8196:. 28 July 2021 8181: 8156: 8125: 8099: 8074: 8048: 8016: 7985: 7959: 7929: 7899: 7856: 7845:. 26 June 2018 7830: 7805: 7757: 7731: 7699: 7680: 7659: 7630: 7600: 7570: 7555:. April 2019. 7540: 7529:on 7 July 2009 7510: 7480: 7453: 7426: 7407: 7381: 7350: 7320: 7313: 7292: 7267: 7236: 7209: 7183: 7152: 7126: 7059: 7033: 7007: 6973: 6966: 6946: 6923: 6897: 6875: 6848: 6783: 6757: 6732: 6704: 6678: 6621: 6596: 6571: 6545: 6514: 6503:. MRO Electric 6487: 6462: 6431: 6403: 6370: 6359:. 15 July 2020 6344: 6313: 6287: 6261: 6235: 6209: 6183: 6157: 6126: 6090: 6058: 6051:. 9 May 2020. 6036: 6010: 5955: 5928: 5897: 5867: 5840: 5813: 5794: 5774: 5756: 5726: 5700: 5676: 5654: 5642:, ed. (2009). 5631: 5601: 5575: 5560: 5540: 5510: 5495: 5488: 5464: 5457: 5428: 5402: 5390: 5355: 5322: 5291: 5261: 5234: 5203: 5172: 5146: 5118: 5088: 5081: 5063: 5056: 5038: 5008: 4982: 4975: 4943: 4936: 4918: 4899: 4877: 4851: 4838:978-1468603477 4837: 4817: 4789: 4753: 4728: 4697: 4668: 4642: 4616: 4588: 4563: 4536: 4510: 4484: 4459: 4437: 4431:978-0593492307 4430: 4410: 4370: 4344: 4319: 4289: 4263: 4246:www.energy.gov 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4224: 4218: 4213: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4195:Eco Grand Prix 4192: 4187: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4165: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4115: 4112: 4109: 4108: 4105: 4102: 4099: 4096: 4093: 4088: 4084: 4083: 4075: 4073: 4071: 4069: 4067: 4062: 4058: 4057: 4050: 4048: 4046: 4044: 4042: 4037: 4033: 4032: 4028: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4020:$ 300 billion 4018: 4017:29 automakers 4015: 4011: 4010: 4002: 4000: 3998: 3996: 3994: 3989: 3985: 3984: 3981: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3966: 3962: 3961: 3954: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3939: 3935: 3934: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3898: 3897: 3894: 3891: 3888: 3885: 3882: 3877: 3873: 3872: 3860: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3842: 3838: 3837: 3830: 3827: 3824: 3821: 3818: 3813: 3809: 3808: 3805: 3800: 3797: 3792: 3789: 3786: 3772: 3771: 3754: 3753: 3718:of the subject 3716:worldwide view 3711: 3709: 3702: 3695: 3694: 3675: 3673: 3666: 3661: 3635: 3634: 3632: 3625: 3619: 3616: 3587: 3547: 3546: 3539: 3538: 3527: 3526: 3523: 3516: 3515: 3511: 3510: 3503: 3502: 3499: 3495: 3494: 3491: 3484: 3483: 3479: 3478: 3471: 3470: 3466: 3465: 3461: 3460: 3457: 3453: 3452: 3449: 3442: 3441: 3438: 3392:Main article: 3378: 3375: 3368: 3361: 3360: 3352: 3345: 3344: 3343: 3342: 3341: 3329:Main article: 3326: 3323: 3320: 3319: 3309: 3308: 3306: 3305:In production 3303: 3300: 3297: 3294: 3291: 3284: 3279: 3267: 3266: 3264: 3263:In production 3261: 3258: 3255: 3252: 3249: 3242: 3237: 3225: 3224: 3222: 3221:In production 3219: 3216: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3200: 3195: 3183: 3182: 3180: 3179:In production 3177: 3176:70,871 (2023) 3174: 3171: 3168: 3165: 3158: 3153: 3141: 3140: 3138: 3137:In production 3135: 3134:29,744 (2023) 3132: 3129: 3126: 3123: 3116: 3111: 3099: 3098: 3096: 3095:In production 3093: 3090: 3087: 3084: 3081: 3074: 3069: 3057: 3056: 3054: 3053:In production 3051: 3048: 3045: 3042: 3039: 3032: 3027: 3015: 3014: 3012: 3011:In production 3009: 3006: 3003: 3000: 2997: 2990: 2985: 2973: 2972: 2970: 2969:In production 2967: 2964: 2961: 2958: 2955: 2948: 2943: 2931: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2924:15,706 (2023) 2922: 2919: 2916: 2913: 2906: 2901: 2889: 2888: 2886: 2885:In production 2883: 2880: 2877: 2874: 2871: 2864: 2859: 2847: 2846: 2844: 2843:In production 2841: 2838: 2835: 2832: 2829: 2822: 2817: 2805: 2804: 2802: 2801:In production 2799: 2796: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2780: 2775: 2763: 2762: 2760: 2759:In production 2757: 2754: 2751: 2748: 2745: 2738: 2733: 2721: 2720: 2718: 2717:In production 2715: 2714:64,201 (2021) 2712: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2696: 2691: 2679: 2678: 2676: 2675:In production 2673: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2654: 2649: 2647:SAIC-GM-Wuling 2637: 2636: 2634: 2633:In production 2631: 2628: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2612: 2607: 2595: 2594: 2592: 2591:In production 2589: 2586: 2583: 2580: 2577: 2570: 2565: 2553: 2552: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2534:Market launch 2532: 2529: 2526: 2481:Groupe Renault 2430:Main article: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2410:Main article: 2407: 2404: 2388:Main article: 2385: 2382: 2340:Main article: 2337: 2336:Electric roads 2334: 2330:range extender 2270:Main article: 2252:Rio de Janeiro 2243: 2240: 2236:smart charging 2227: 2224: 2183:Main article: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2145:Comparison of 2132: 2129: 2117:Main article: 2106: 2103: 2094:engine braking 2071: 2068: 2047:Main article: 2044: 2041: 2031: 2028: 2022: 2019: 2010: 2009: 2006: 2003: 1980: 1977: 1941: 1938: 1926:diesel engines 1899:Main article: 1896: 1893: 1889:Tesla Roadster 1837: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1793: 1792:Public opinion 1790: 1745:, and various 1715:Main article: 1701:Salar de Uyuni 1692: 1689: 1683: 1680: 1653: 1650: 1615: 1612: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1579:Farasis Energy 1548: 1541: 1540: 1536: 1529: 1528: 1527: 1526: 1525: 1473:Renault-Nissan 1469:Renault-Nissan 1433:venture-backed 1419:Tesla Roadster 1395: 1392: 1391: 1390: 1386:Tesla Roadster 1383: 1376: 1374: 1370:NiMH batteries 1359: 1352: 1350: 1340: 1333: 1331: 1324: 1317: 1315: 1308: 1301: 1299: 1292: 1285: 1283: 1268: 1261: 1259: 1251:Gustave Trouvé 1249: 1242: 1150: 1149: 1146: 1135: 1120: 1109:Gustave Trouvé 1094: 1091: 1086:Main article: 1083: 1080: 1066:(NEVs) in the 1024: 1021: 1005:European Union 993:garbage trucks 896:cruising range 827:range-extended 813:, typically a 799:traction motor 774: 773: 771: 770: 763: 756: 748: 745: 744: 743: 742: 728: 712: 711: 708: 707: 706: 705: 695: 694: 693: 686:Rail transport 683: 678: 677: 676: 671: 666: 661: 659:Roller skating 656: 655: 654: 649: 644: 639: 634: 632:Cycle rickshaw 629: 619: 614: 604: 603: 602: 597: 596: 595: 588:Human-electric 583:Hybrid vehicle 580: 579: 578: 573: 568: 567: 566: 550: 545: 544: 541: 540: 537: 536: 535: 534: 529: 524: 519: 514: 509: 504: 499: 494: 489: 484: 474: 469: 464: 462:Renewable heat 459: 454: 449: 448: 447: 442: 437: 427: 422: 417: 416: 415: 410: 405: 400: 395: 385: 380: 375: 370: 365: 360: 355: 354: 353: 342: 337: 336: 333: 332: 329: 328: 323: 318: 313: 308: 303: 298: 293: 288: 283: 278: 273: 268: 263: 258: 253: 251:Green building 248: 243: 238: 233: 228: 223: 221:Energy storage 218: 213: 208: 203: 198: 193: 188: 183: 178: 173: 168: 163: 158: 153: 148: 142: 137: 136: 133: 132: 124: 123: 117: 116: 102: 95: 94: 93: 86: 79: 78: 77: 70: 63: 62: 61: 54: 47: 46: 45: 41: 40: 39: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15127: 15116: 15113: 15111: 15108: 15106: 15103: 15101: 15100:Electric cars 15098: 15097: 15095: 15082: 15077: 15067: 15064: 15062: 15059: 15057: 15054: 15052: 15049: 15047: 15044: 15042: 15039: 15037: 15034: 15032: 15029: 15027: 15024: 15023: 15021: 15017: 15007: 15004: 15003: 15001: 14997: 14991: 14988: 14986: 14983: 14981: 14978: 14976: 14973: 14971: 14968: 14967: 14965: 14961: 14955: 14952: 14950: 14947: 14945: 14942: 14941: 14939: 14935: 14932: 14928: 14922: 14919: 14917: 14914: 14911: 14907: 14904: 14903: 14901: 14897: 14891: 14888: 14886: 14883: 14881: 14878: 14876: 14873: 14871: 14868: 14867: 14865: 14861: 14856: 14850: 14840: 14837: 14835: 14832: 14830: 14827: 14825: 14822: 14820: 14817: 14815: 14814:Electric boat 14812: 14810: 14807: 14805: 14802: 14801: 14799: 14795: 14791: 14784: 14779: 14777: 14772: 14770: 14765: 14764: 14761: 14749: 14745: 14741: 14739: 14731: 14730: 14727: 14721: 14718: 14716: 14713: 14711: 14708: 14706: 14703: 14702: 14700: 14698:South America 14696: 14690: 14687: 14685: 14682: 14680: 14677: 14675: 14672: 14670: 14667: 14666: 14664: 14660: 14654: 14653:United States 14651: 14649: 14646: 14644: 14641: 14639: 14636: 14634: 14631: 14630: 14628: 14626:North America 14624: 14612: 14609: 14608: 14607: 14604: 14602: 14599: 14597: 14594: 14592: 14589: 14587: 14584: 14582: 14579: 14577: 14574: 14572: 14569: 14567: 14564: 14562: 14559: 14557: 14554: 14553: 14551: 14547: 14541: 14538: 14536: 14533: 14531: 14528: 14526: 14523: 14521: 14518: 14516: 14513: 14511: 14508: 14506: 14503: 14501: 14498: 14496: 14493: 14491: 14488: 14486: 14483: 14481: 14478: 14476: 14473: 14471: 14468: 14466: 14463: 14461: 14458: 14456: 14453: 14451: 14448: 14447: 14445: 14443: 14439: 14436: 14432: 14426: 14423: 14421: 14418: 14416: 14413: 14411: 14408: 14406: 14403: 14401: 14398: 14396: 14393: 14391: 14388: 14386: 14383: 14381: 14378: 14376: 14373: 14371: 14368: 14366: 14363: 14361: 14358: 14356: 14353: 14351: 14348: 14347: 14345: 14343: 14339: 14333: 14330: 14328: 14325: 14323: 14320: 14318: 14315: 14313: 14310: 14308: 14305: 14303: 14300: 14298: 14295: 14294: 14292: 14290: 14286: 14282: 14275: 14270: 14268: 14263: 14261: 14256: 14255: 14252: 14240: 14237: 14235: 14232: 14230: 14227: 14226: 14223: 14217: 14214: 14212: 14209: 14207: 14204: 14202: 14199: 14197: 14194: 14192: 14189: 14187: 14186:Reciprocating 14184: 14182: 14179: 14177: 14174: 14172: 14169: 14167: 14164: 14163: 14161: 14157: 14151: 14147: 14140: 14136: 14133: 14129: 14126: 14122: 14119: 14115: 14112: 14108: 14105: 14104:Rear mid-rear 14101: 14098: 14094: 14091: 14087: 14084: 14080: 14077: 14074: 14073: 14071: 14065: 14061: 14055: 14052: 14050: 14047: 14045: 14042: 14041: 14039: 14037: 14033: 14027: 14024: 14022: 14019: 14017: 14014: 14012: 14009: 14007: 14004: 14002: 13999: 13997: 13994: 13992: 13989: 13988: 13986: 13984: 13980: 13974: 13971: 13969: 13966: 13964: 13961: 13959: 13956: 13954: 13951: 13948: 13944: 13941: 13939: 13936: 13933: 13929: 13926: 13924: 13921: 13919: 13916: 13914: 13911: 13909: 13906: 13903: 13899: 13896: 13893: 13890: 13888: 13884: 13881: 13879: 13876: 13874: 13871: 13869: 13866: 13864: 13861: 13859: 13856: 13854: 13851: 13849: 13846: 13844: 13841: 13840: 13838: 13836: 13832: 13826: 13823: 13821: 13818: 13816: 13813: 13811: 13808: 13806: 13803: 13801: 13798: 13796: 13793: 13791: 13788: 13786: 13783: 13781: 13778: 13776: 13773: 13771: 13768: 13766: 13763: 13762: 13760: 13754: 13748: 13745: 13743: 13740: 13738: 13735: 13733: 13730: 13728: 13725: 13723: 13720: 13718: 13717:Station wagon 13715: 13713: 13710: 13708: 13705: 13703: 13700: 13698: 13695: 13693: 13690: 13688: 13685: 13683: 13680: 13678: 13675: 13673: 13670: 13668: 13665: 13663: 13660: 13658: 13655: 13653: 13650: 13648: 13645: 13643: 13640: 13638: 13635: 13633: 13630: 13628: 13625: 13623: 13620: 13618: 13615: 13613: 13610: 13608: 13607:Coupé utility 13605: 13603: 13600: 13598: 13595: 13593: 13590: 13588: 13585: 13583: 13580: 13578: 13575: 13573: 13570: 13568: 13565: 13563: 13560: 13558: 13555: 13554: 13552: 13550: 13546: 13536: 13533: 13531: 13528: 13526: 13523: 13521: 13518: 13516: 13513: 13511: 13508: 13506: 13503: 13501: 13498: 13496: 13493: 13492: 13490: 13488: 13484: 13478: 13475: 13473: 13470: 13468: 13465: 13463: 13460: 13458: 13455: 13453: 13450: 13449: 13447: 13443: 13437: 13434: 13432: 13429: 13427: 13424: 13422: 13421:Sport compact 13419: 13417: 13414: 13412: 13409: 13407: 13404: 13402: 13399: 13398: 13396: 13394: 13390: 13384: 13381: 13379: 13376: 13374: 13371: 13369: 13366: 13365: 13363: 13361: 13357: 13351: 13348: 13346: 13343: 13341: 13338: 13337: 13335: 13333: 13332:Minivan / MPV 13329: 13323: 13320: 13318: 13315: 13313: 13310: 13309: 13307: 13305: 13301: 13295: 13292: 13290: 13287: 13285: 13282: 13280: 13277: 13275: 13272: 13271: 13269: 13267: 13263: 13257: 13254: 13252: 13249: 13247: 13244: 13242: 13239: 13237: 13234: 13232: 13229: 13227: 13224: 13222: 13219: 13218: 13216: 13212: 13209: 13207: 13203: 13198: 13191: 13186: 13184: 13179: 13177: 13172: 13171: 13168: 13156: 13153: 13151: 13148: 13146: 13145:Windmill ship 13143: 13141: 13138: 13136: 13133: 13131: 13128: 13126: 13123: 13122: 13120: 13116: 13110: 13109: 13105: 13103: 13102: 13098: 13096: 13095: 13091: 13090: 13088: 13086:Documentaries 13084: 13078: 13077:Electric boat 13075: 13073: 13070: 13066: 13063: 13061: 13058: 13057: 13056: 13055:Solar vehicle 13053: 13051: 13048: 13046: 13043: 13041: 13038: 13036: 13033: 13031: 13028: 13026: 13023: 13021: 13018: 13017: 13015: 13013:Multiple-fuel 13011: 13005: 13002: 13000: 12997: 12995: 12992: 12990: 12987: 12985: 12982: 12981: 12979: 12975: 12969: 12966: 12964: 12961: 12959: 12956: 12954: 12951: 12949: 12946: 12944: 12941: 12939: 12936: 12935: 12933: 12931: 12927: 12921: 12918: 12916: 12915:Methanol fuel 12913: 12911: 12908: 12906: 12903: 12901: 12898: 12896: 12893: 12891: 12888: 12886: 12883: 12881: 12878: 12876: 12873: 12871: 12868: 12866: 12863: 12862: 12860: 12858: 12855: 12851: 12843: 12840: 12838: 12835: 12833: 12830: 12829: 12828: 12827:Solar vehicle 12825: 12823: 12820: 12816: 12813: 12812: 12811: 12808: 12806: 12803: 12801: 12798: 12796: 12793: 12791: 12788: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12778: 12776: 12773: 12769: 12766: 12765: 12764: 12761: 12759: 12756: 12754: 12751: 12747: 12744: 12743: 12742: 12739: 12735: 12732: 12731: 12730: 12727: 12725: 12724:Electric boat 12722: 12720: 12717: 12715: 12712: 12710: 12707: 12705: 12702: 12700: 12697: 12696: 12694: 12692: 12687: 12683: 12677: 12676:Tesla turbine 12674: 12672: 12669: 12667: 12664: 12663: 12661: 12659: 12653: 12647: 12646:Electric boat 12644: 12642: 12639: 12633: 12630: 12629: 12628: 12625: 12623: 12620: 12618: 12615: 12613: 12610: 12609: 12608: 12607:Solar vehicle 12605: 12604: 12602: 12600: 12596: 12590: 12587: 12585: 12582: 12581: 12579: 12577: 12573: 12567: 12564: 12563: 12561: 12559: 12555: 12551: 12544: 12539: 12537: 12532: 12530: 12525: 12524: 12521: 12514: 12509: 12504: 12502: 12497: 12492: 12490: 12480: 12478: 12468: 12467: 12464: 12457: 12454: 12452: 12449: 12447: 12444: 12443: 12423: 12419: 12413: 12406: 12393: 12389: 12382: 12374: 12368: 12360: 12354: 12347: 12335: 12331: 12327: 12320: 12312: 12308: 12302: 12286: 12279: 12264: 12260: 12253: 12237: 12233: 12229: 12223: 12207: 12203: 12199: 12193: 12177: 12173: 12169: 12163: 12147: 12146:Businesskorea 12143: 12137: 12122: 12118: 12111: 12095: 12091: 12087: 12081: 12065: 12061: 12057: 12051: 12035: 12031: 12027: 12021: 12005: 12001: 11997: 11991: 11975: 11971: 11967: 11960: 11944: 11940: 11936: 11930: 11914: 11910: 11906: 11899: 11883: 11879: 11875: 11868: 11860: 11854: 11838: 11834: 11827: 11811: 11807: 11806:electrive.com 11803: 11797: 11782: 11778: 11771: 11763: 11759: 11752: 11744: 11738: 11730: 11726: 11720: 11704: 11700: 11696: 11690: 11682: 11678: 11674: 11670: 11666: 11662: 11658: 11654: 11650: 11646: 11642: 11635: 11627: 11614: 11606: 11602: 11598: 11591: 11583: 11579: 11575: 11571: 11567: 11560: 11553: 11538: 11534: 11527: 11511: 11505: 11497: 11490: 11484: 11476: 11469: 11463: 11447: 11443: 11437: 11421: 11417: 11410: 11394: 11388: 11372: 11371: 11366: 11359: 11343: 11342:The Economist 11339: 11333: 11324: 11319: 11314: 11309: 11305: 11301: 11297: 11293: 11292:Energy Policy 11289: 11282: 11267: 11263: 11256: 11241: 11237: 11231: 11229: 11213: 11206: 11199: 11197: 11195: 11188: 11183: 11168: 11164: 11157: 11142: 11138: 11132: 11126: 11113: 11106: 11100: 11084: 11077: 11071: 11055: 11048: 11041: 11035: 11019: 11012: 11005: 10998: 10993: 10987: 10968: 10961: 10954: 10938: 10934: 10930: 10926: 10920: 10913: 10907: 10901: 10882: 10878: 10871: 10865: 10859: 10853: 10837: 10833: 10827: 10825: 10823: 10821: 10814: 10809: 10803: 10798: 10791: 10778: 10774: 10770: 10763: 10761: 10754: 10748: 10733: 10729: 10723: 10708: 10707:CleanTechnica 10704: 10697: 10682: 10678: 10672: 10657: 10653: 10647: 10645: 10629: 10625: 10619: 10604: 10600: 10594: 10579: 10578:car.yiche.com 10575: 10569: 10563: 10561: 10546: 10539: 10533: 10520: 10513: 10498: 10497:Renault Group 10494: 10488: 10482: 10468: 10461: 10455: 10441: 10434: 10419: 10415: 10409: 10394: 10393:car.yiche.com 10390: 10384: 10382: 10366: 10365:car.yiche.com 10362: 10356: 10354: 10352: 10336: 10332: 10326: 10309: 10302: 10287: 10283: 10276: 10274: 10256: 10249: 10234: 10233:car.yiche.com 10230: 10224: 10222: 10220: 10218: 10216: 10200: 10199:car.yiche.com 10196: 10190: 10188: 10186: 10184: 10182: 10174: 10163: 10159: 10152: 10145: 10134: 10130: 10123: 10108: 10107:CleanTechnica 10104: 10097: 10095: 10093: 10091: 10083: 10072: 10068: 10061: 10044: 10037: 10021: 10020:CleanTechnica 10017: 10010: 10008: 10006: 10004: 10002: 9986: 9982: 9976: 9961: 9957: 9951: 9936: 9932: 9926: 9911: 9910:CleanTechnica 9907: 9900: 9894: 9881: 9874: 9859: 9855: 9849: 9843: 9839: 9823: 9817: 9815: 9798: 9791: 9789: 9787: 9780: 9775: 9760: 9754: 9747: 9734: 9728: 9713: 9709: 9702: 9687: 9683: 9676: 9661: 9657: 9650: 9633: 9626: 9620: 9613: 9602: 9598: 9591: 9585: 9572: 9568: 9562: 9545: 9541: 9534: 9518:. EVSales.com 9517: 9510: 9495: 9491: 9484: 9468:. EVSales.com 9467: 9460: 9458: 9456: 9439:. EVSales.com 9438: 9431: 9429: 9427: 9410:. EVSales.com 9409: 9402: 9400: 9382: 9375: 9373: 9371: 9369: 9367: 9365: 9363: 9361: 9344: 9343:CleanTechnica 9340: 9333: 9331: 9329: 9327: 9325: 9323: 9321: 9304: 9300: 9296: 9289: 9283: 9270: 9266: 9262: 9255: 9249: 9236: 9229: 9213: 9206: 9190: 9186: 9182: 9176: 9161: 9157: 9151: 9135: 9131: 9125: 9109: 9105: 9101: 9095: 9084: 9077: 9076: 9068: 9061: 9060: 9055: 9048: 9046: 9038: 9037: 9032: 9025: 9017: 9016: 9008: 8997: 8996: 8988: 8970: 8966: 8959: 8958: 8951: 8936: 8932: 8931: 8926: 8920: 8909: 8902: 8901: 8894: 8883: 8876: 8875: 8867: 8851: 8844: 8828: 8824: 8818: 8803:. 9 July 2021 8802: 8798: 8792: 8776: 8772: 8768: 8762: 8747: 8743: 8739: 8738:The Economist 8735: 8729: 8714: 8710: 8704: 8689: 8685: 8679: 8663: 8659: 8655: 8649: 8633: 8629: 8625: 8619: 8604: 8600: 8594: 8579: 8575: 8569: 8567: 8551: 8547: 8540: 8525: 8521: 8515: 8499: 8495: 8489: 8478: 8471: 8465: 8458: 8446: 8442: 8436: 8429: 8414: 8410: 8403: 8397: 8382: 8378: 8372: 8370: 8358: 8351: 8345: 8329: 8325: 8321: 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fuel 12865:Alcohol fuel 12800:Hybrid train 12741:Electric car 12740: 12729:Electric bus 12426:. 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