213:. On November 30, companies A and K, respectively led by Capt. A.B. Wells with Lt. F.E. Phelps, and by Capt. S.B. Young with Lt. John L. Bullis, trespassed the Rio Grande border running after Alsate's band in the Sierra Madre del Carmen, Mexico. They killed or wounding some Apaches, destroyed the camp and captured some horses, donkeys and mules. On December 4, Capt. Young, with troop K, and Lt. Bullis, with a detachment of
184:. The Chisos had become Fort Leaton's very active customers and suppliers. During the decades 1850 - 1860, Alsate, by now war-chief and then principal chief of the Chisos band, and one among the most important Limpia Mescalero chiefs after Gomez's disappearance, became a notorious Apache raider, operative through Texas, Chihuahua and Coahuila and dominating the Texan
234:. Alsate's father was in the group and was freed after convincing his brother Manuel of his identity. Manuel Múzquiz wrote a note requesting clemency for Alsate, but could not release him; however, in December 1879 he and his followers were able to escape from the carts transporting them and vanish into the mountains.
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about 1874. Relations between the
Indigenous people and the authorities on both sides of the border were generally peaceful at first, although Alsate was almost shot for stealing the coat of the trader John D. Burgess. Alsate's band had intended to rob Burgess' convoy but the two talked and ended up
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The following year
Colonel Ortiz of El Paseo del Norte lured them into a trap at San Carlos of Chihuahua by promising a peace treaty; they were set upon after eating and drinking heavily at a celebratory feast, and while those few who were able to fight were killed, the rest were sold into slavery.
217:
scouts, after chasing the Chisos for several weeks, attacked the Apache group led by Alsate and his sub-chiefs
Zorrillo (Chisos Limpia Mescaleros) and Colorado (probably the chief of a smaller Lipan band joint to the Chisos Mescaleros, and likely to be identified with Avispa Colorada, connected to
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area. During the decades 1860 - 1870, while the
Northern (Sierra Blanca and Sacramento) Mescaleros had been forced to accept their restriction in a reservation, the Southern (Guadalupe and Limpia) Mescaleros saved their freedom and didn't give up the old way of raiding along both sides of the Rio
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to order Alsate's arrest. Colonel José Garza Galán de Santa Rosa was dispatched with a force of a hundred men and surprised him and his followers at his farm near San Carlos de
Chihuahua, and they were extradited to
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Alsate felt himself safe in his stronghold near San Carlos of
Chihuahua, but, in 1878, complaints to the Mexican authorities about the band's raids on farms and traders brought President
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in
Coahuila, Mexico, and raised among them, and his Indian wife. When he came of age and proved himself, Alsate became the leader of a Mescalero band. They ranged through the
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settled by North
American barterer Ben Leaton in 1848 at old adobe building already called El Fortin. It was located on the Texan side of the
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in
September 1877 alarmed the troops in the whole Apache territory, and, in November–December 1877, Alsate's warriors clashed twice with
160:, scheduled on December 24, 1849. The Mescaleros, mostly the southern bands, known as Guadalupe and Limpia Mescalero, used to frequent
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He was the son of Josè Miguel Maria del
Refugio Sabas Muzquiz Gonzalez, who was captured by the Mescalero as a boy at what is now
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172:, largely extended on the surrounding grounds along the shore and equipped with warehouses and corrals, where the
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94:, and Pedro Múzquiz, (ca. 1820 – 1881/1882) was the last chief of the Chisos band of Limpia
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as friends, and Burgess had given Alsate his coat as a gift. Victorio's breakout from
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could get guns, gunpowder and ammunitions in exchange for the booty of their raids to
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268:"Documentos de la genealogía y la vida de Alsate, jefe de los Apaches de los Chisos"
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200:, chief of a Guadalupe Mescalero band, Alsate too became a close ally to
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Alsate e Carnoviste in 1874). Alsate led his people to Chihuahua.
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Alsate and his war chiefs Colorado and Zorillo were executed at
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In the Days of Victorio: Recollections of a Warm Springs Apache
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or the Lipans, and Alsate's Chisos band was a leading player.
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98:
334:, Volume 1: A-F, Norman: University of Nebraska Press, 1991,
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Last Chief of the Chisos band of Limpia Mescalero Apaches
441:
455:19th-century indigenous leaders of the Americas
303:López Elizondo and Daugherty, pp. 140–41.
294:López Elizondo and Daugherty, pp. 139–40.
266:Luis López Elizondo and Franklin W. Daugherty,
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148:In 1849, Alsate was a war leader in the failed
429:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1972.
415:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1979.
387:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1974.
373:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1967.
401:. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1972.
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189:Grande, sometimes in partnership with the
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357:Alsate, the last of the Chisos Apaches
321:López Elizondo and Daugherty, p. 142.
312:López Elizondo and Daugherty, p. 141.
413:The Apaches: Eagles of the Southwest
13:
349:
332:Encyclopedia of Frontier Biography
14:
466:
156:expedition against Santa Rosa of
385:Victorio and the Mimbres Apaches
359:. undated (early 20th century).
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116:by Anglo-American newcomers),
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274:23.92 (2002) 137–58,
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136:in Chihuahua north of the
371:The Conquest of Apacheria
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62:
43:
28:
21:
450:Mescalero Apache people
238:Last standing and death
207:San Carlos Reservation
47:1881/1882 (aged 61-62)
427:The Mescalero Apaches
74:Leader of the Limpia
144:War-leader and chief
132:of Coahuila and the
128:area of Texas, the
63:Cause of death
342:, pp. 18–19.
112:(later rebaptized
425:C.L. Sonnichsen.
340:978-0-8032-9418-9
130:Sierra del Carmen
122:Chinati Mountains
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411:D.E. Worcester.
355:O. W. Williams.
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230:to be jailed in
138:Bolsón de Mapimí
118:Chisos Mountains
110:Limpia Mountains
86:, also known as
76:Mescalero Apache
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19:
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383:Dan L. Thrapp.
369:Dan L. Thrapp.
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350:Further reading
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330:Dan L. Thrapp,
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170:Presidio, Texas
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114:Davis Mountains
106:Melchor Múzquiz
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232:la Acordada
228:Mexico City
211:8th Cavalry
196:As well as
162:Fort Leaton
444:Categories
272:Relaciones
251:References
198:Carnoviste
166:Rio Grande
397:E. Ball.
280:0185-3929
191:Mimbreños
178:Chihuahua
150:Mescalero
96:Mescalero
66:Execution
55:Chihuahua
365:11796123
202:Victorio
186:Big Bend
182:Coahuila
158:Coahuila
126:Big Bend
57:, Mexico
245:Ojinaga
174:Apaches
124:in the
99:Apaches
92:Arzatti
51:Ojinaga
34: (
32:c. 1820
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88:Arzate
84:Alsate
23:Alsate
168:near
154:Lipan
431:ISBN
417:ISBN
403:ISBN
389:ISBN
375:ISBN
361:OCLC
336:ISBN
276:ISSN
180:and
152:and
120:and
44:Died
36:1820
29:Born
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259:^
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101:.
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