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At this Altar of
Victory senators burned incense, offered prayers annually for the welfare of the empire, took their oaths and pledged on the accession of each new emperor. Thus the statue became one of the most vital links between the Roman state and Roman religion and also a tangible reminder of
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mentioned that the statue (if not the altar) was then in the Senate House. Sheridan states "Some think that removals and restorations refer to both the Altar of
Victory and the Statue of Victory. Others think that the Statue was never removed from its place. There is no statement in the ancient
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successfully persuaded
Valentinian to resist the request to preserve the altar. However, he was not the main person behind the resolution that removed the altar though he did participate in the debate.
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Sheridan further suggests that "the fate of the Altar and Statue of
Victory was finally sealed by the law of 408 against heathen statues," citing
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Der Streit um den
Victoriaaltar. Die dritte Relatio des Symmachus und die Briefe 17, 18 und 57 des Mailänder Bischofs Ambrosius
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as part of his efforts to ensure that
Christianity was the only religion practised in the Empire. The altar was restored by
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authors as to what happened to the Statue when the Altar was removed and certainty on this point is unattainable."
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Rev. James J. Sheridan, "The Altar of
Victory—Paganism's Last Battle" (hereafter Sheridan), p 187.
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Further petitions to restore the altar were deflected in 391 by an edict of the emperor
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who sought to preserve Rome's religious traditions, in 384 wrote to the new emperor
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The statue of
Victory on a coin issued under Augustus, matching its description by
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A modern historian reflects on the importance of the altar and the statue:
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requesting the restoration of the altar. In the imperial court in
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The statue had been captured by the Romans in 272 BC during the
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45:
340:
Symmachus. Eine tragische
Gestalt des ausgehenden Heidentums
342:. Darmstadt (Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft ) 1971,
56:(later Augustus) in 29 BC to commemorate the defeat of
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during his short-lived rule (392–394), according to
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The altar was removed from the curia by the emperor
117:, who was the only emperor after the conversion of
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316:"The Altar of Victory - Paganism's Last Battle"
100:Rome's great past and her hopes for the future.
412:Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire
113:in 357. It was later restored by the emperor
84:. It depicted a winged goddess, holding a
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152:, the young emperor denied the request.
48:) and bore a gold statue of the goddess
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80:and was originally a representation of
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125:. The altar was again removed by
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52:. The altar was established by
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123:traditional religion of Rome
88:and descending to present a
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314:Sheridan, James J. (1966).
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382:Temples of the Roman Forum
134:Quintus Aurelius Symmachus
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357:. Darmstadt (WBG ) 1972,
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407:Destroyed Roman temples
332:10.3406/antiq.1966.1466
132:After Gratian's death,
397:Roman temples by deity
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320:L'Antiquité Classique
40:) was located in the
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193:Codex Theodosianus
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299:Sheridan, p. 206.
290:Sheridan, p. 206.
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121:to adhere to the
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234:Symmachus,
86:palm branch
78:Pyrrhic War
44:House (the
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22:Prudentius
249:Ambrose,
62:Cleopatra
266:Epistles
264:Ambrose
252:Epistles
237:Relation
184:Claudian
170:Eugenius
129:in 382.
54:Octavian
277:Claud.
176:in his
154:Ambrose
138:senator
127:Gratian
105:Removal
72:History
64:at the
50:Victory
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115:Julian
58:Antony
200:Notes
150:Milan
46:Curia
34:Latin
359:ISBN
344:ISBN
281:636.
268:57.2
140:and
136:, a
82:Nike
60:and
28:The
328:doi
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