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proletariat rather than the bourgeoisie (raising minimum wage, increasing labor rights, etc.) it is serving capitalist interests by meeting the demands of workers only enough to prevent an uprising that could threaten the system as a whole. Because the interests of the proletariat and the capitalist classes are counter to one another, the state is necessary to regulate the capitalist system and assure its preservation by forcing capitalists to agree to demands of workers to which they otherwise would not succumb.
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institutions (including legal ones) function in the long-term interests of capital and capitalism, rather than in the short-term interests of members of the capitalist class. Thus the state and its institutions have a certain degree of independence from specific elites in the ruling or capitalist class.
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view that the state can be viewed as the direct servant of the capitalist or ruling class. Whereas the instrumentalist position is that the institutions of the state are under the direct control of those members of the capitalist class in positions of state power, the structuralist position is that
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in the immediate future such as tax breaks, reduced minimum wages, government subsidies, etc. They maintain that when the state does not benefit the bourgeois class' short-term interests, it is acting on the behalf of its future interests. Accordingly, when the state seems to act on behalf of the
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perspective. In other words, the class character of the state can only be shown after policies are put in place and the outcome is observed. Because of this, he criticizes structural theories which attempt to prove the capitalist character of the state, claiming they do so on an unfounded basis:
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as taking a specifically capitalist form, not because particular individuals are in powerful positions, but because the state reproduces the logic of capitalist structure in its economic, legal, and political institutions. Hence, from a structuralist perspective one would argue that state
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state institutions must function so as to ensure the viability of capitalism more generally. In other words, state institutions must reproduce capitalist society as a whole. The debate between structural and instrumental
Marxists was characterized by the
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Structuralists differentiate between the long-term and short-term interests of the capitalist class in order to describe the necessity of the state to the capitalist system. Short-term interests of the bourgeoisie include policies that affect
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and his students. It was influential in France during the 1960s and 1970s, and also came to influence philosophers, political theorists and sociologists outside France during the 1970s. Other proponents of structural
Marxism were the
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and the bourgeoisie. By regulating these antagonisms rather than eliminating them which is thought impossible without violent revolutionâthe state serves to stabilize the capitalist system as a whole and preserve its existence.
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Poulantzas, N. & Miliband R. (1972). The
Problem of the Capitalist State. In R. Blackburn (ed.) Ideology in Social Science: Readings in Critical Social Theory. NY: Pantheon Books, pp. 238â262.
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Toward the middle of the 1970s and throughout the 1980s, Marxist theorists began to develop structuralist
Marxist accounts of the state, law, and crime. Structuralist Marxism disputes the
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that dominated many western universities during the 1970s. In contrast to other forms of
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because outcomes of the state's policies are empirically capitalist, it does not make the State a capitalist enterprise in its nature.
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and phenomenological
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Similar arguments have been made concerning structural theories of the capitalist nature of the state.
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Structural
Problems of the Capitalist State: Class Rule and the Political System
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averred that the class-character of the state could only be observed in an
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The Rise and Fall of
Structural Marxism: Althusser and His Influence
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The Rise and Fall of
Structural Marxism: Althusser and His Influence
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Van den Berg, Axel (1980). "Critical Theory: Is There Still Hope?"
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Their Morals and Ours: The class foundations of moral practice
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An Introduction to the Three Volumes of Karl Marx's Capital
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that examined objective structures, and he believed that
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The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2532:Reading Althusser: An Essay on Structural Marxism
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2544:Althusser, L. (1971). Lenin and Philosophy. In
2349:Structural Marxism arose in opposition to the
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177:The Condition of the Working Class in England
172:Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844
2557:Heine Andersen and L. B. Kaspersen (ed.).
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317:Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses
192:The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte
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27:Marxist philosophy led by Louis Althusser
2653:, Vol. 86 No. 3 (Nov 1980), pp. 449â478.
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322:Ways of Seeing
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35:
26:
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4:
3:
2:
2719:
2708:
2707:Structuralism
2705:
2703:
2700:
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2518:
2515:Benton, Ted.
2511:
2507:
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2478:
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2450:
2449:
2444:This section
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2325:
2321:
2320:structuralism
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2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2176:Revolutionary
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2156:Authoritarian
2154:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
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2065:
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2057:
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2049:
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2039:
2037:
2034:
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2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1979:
1976:
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1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
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1958:Moufawad-Paul
1956:
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1234:
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1199:
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1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1068:Eurocommunism
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1053:Austromarxism
1051:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1037:
1036:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
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1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
999:Communization
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
986:
985:
984:
980:
979:
974:
973:Praxis School
971:
969:
966:
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961:
959:
956:
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951:
949:
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941:
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840:
837:
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832:
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827:
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764:
762:
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749:
748:
745:
740:
739:
732:
731:Working class
729:
727:
724:
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719:
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538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
512:Crisis theory
510:
507:
503:
500:
499:
496:
491:
490:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
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104:
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97:
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76:
73: â
72:
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
2667:
2658:
2650:
2645:
2637:
2629:
2613:
2596:
2590:
2581:
2572:
2566:
2558:
2553:
2545:
2540:
2531:
2525:
2516:
2510:
2494:
2488:
2473:
2467:January 2023
2464:
2453:Please help
2448:verification
2445:
2416:
2396:
2383:
2363:
2348:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2141:Municipalism
1953:Bhattacharya
1098:Situationist
1073:Instrumental
873:
726:State theory
691:Immiseration
686:Human nature
676:Exploitation
506:accumulation
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
2697:Neo-Marxism
2411:proletariat
2359:historicist
2329:sociologist
2104:Communalism
1503:Wallerstein
1093:Revisionist
824:Film theory
804:Criminology
799:Archaeology
711:Proletariat
696:Imperialism
609:Bourgeoisie
584:Wage labour
477:Reification
267:On Practice
2681:Categories
2502:References
2491:Claus Offe
2399:Bourgeosie
2161:Democratic
2026:Mediations
1638:Przeworski
1578:Poulantzas
1428:Sivanandan
1383:Bettelheim
1283:Horkheimer
1278:MariĂĄtegui
1253:Pashukanis
1178:Liebknecht
1108:Wertkritik
1048:Analytical
908:Trotskyism
883:Autonomist
874:Structural
854:Philosophy
794:Aesthetics
579:Value-form
547:Capitalist
452:Alienation
445:Philosophy
197:Grundrisse
82:newspapers
2427:Criticism
2318:based on
2208:Economism
2171:Reformist
2151:Socialism
2099:Communism
2079:Anarchism
1933:Coulthard
1858:McDonnell
1818:Screpanti
1728:Rowbotham
1593:Harnecker
1403:Althusser
1343:Deutscher
1183:Kollontai
1173:Luxemburg
1153:Plekhanov
1083:Nkrumaism
994:Classical
968:Political
893:Guevarism
849:Sociology
829:Geography
649:Democracy
597:Sociology
552:Socialist
517:Commodity
2345:Overview
2334:and the
2134:Old Left
2129:New Left
1996:Antipode
1990:Journals
1893:Heinrich
1868:Roediger
1863:Douzinas
1853:Hennessy
1808:Holloway
1723:Hartsock
1713:Eagleton
1698:Federici
1673:Bannerji
1648:Therborn
1628:RanciĂšre
1623:Easthope
1603:Anderson
1598:Altvater
1498:O'Connor
1493:MĂ©szĂĄros
1488:Guattari
1443:Thompson
1433:Miliband
1413:Williams
1398:Hobsbawm
1373:Emmanuel
1353:Beauvoir
1318:Lefebvre
1263:Benjamin
1228:Bukharin
1208:Zinoviev
1203:Grossman
1188:Bogdanov
1163:Connolly
1143:Lafargue
1088:Orthodox
1058:Centrist
1009:Leninism
1004:Feminist
953:Humanist
934:Hegelian
462:Ideology
139:a series
137:Part of
112:May 2009
2495:ex post
2355:science
2233:Outline
2186:Utopian
1963:Srnicek
1948:Toscano
1943:Seymour
1898:Prashad
1848:Sankara
1843:Berardi
1828:Hampton
1803:Burawoy
1773:Panitch
1768:Haraway
1758:Cleaver
1743:Brenner
1708:Balibar
1663:Postone
1653:Losurdo
1583:Vattimo
1553:Gonzalo
1548:Jameson
1538:Parenti
1478:Liebman
1473:Guevara
1363:Nkrumah
1358:Sombart
1333:Padmore
1303:Kalecki
1298:Marcuse
1258:Bordiga
1243:Gramsci
1198:Trotsky
1158:Du Bois
1148:Kautsky
1024:Western
903:Titoism
788:Aspects
744:History
664:Radical
502:Capital
202:Capital
147:Marxism
96:scholar
2636:(ed.)
2403:Engels
2181:Social
2166:Market
1968:Horvat
1923:Fisher
1918:Linera
1913:Lordon
1903:Kelley
1888:Marcos
1883:Ghandy
1873:Foster
1798:Fraser
1793:Wright
1783:Jessop
1778:Clarke
1763:Bishop
1753:Massey
1733:Mouffe
1683:Newton
1678:Spivak
1668:Rodney
1633:Berman
1588:Badiou
1568:Laclau
1563:Harvey
1558:Dussel
1518:Debord
1513:Tronti
1483:Heller
1468:Castro
1463:Berger
1448:Bauman
1438:Cabral
1423:Mandel
1418:Freire
1408:Hinton
1388:Draper
1368:Sweezy
1338:Sartre
1328:Adorno
1293:Brecht
1248:Galiev
1223:Korsch
1218:LukĂĄcs
1193:Stalin
1138:Morris
1133:Engels
1121:People
898:Maoism
819:Ethics
659:Soviet
377:Empire
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
2632:. In
1978:Saito
1973:Hamza
1838:ĆœiĆŸek
1823:TamĂĄs
1788:Davis
1748:Davis
1738:Geras
1703:Wolff
1688:Sakai
1643:Cohen
1618:Sison
1613:Vogel
1573:Bahro
1543:Negri
1533:Nairn
1458:Kosik
1453:Fanon
1393:Jones
1348:Hoxha
1323:James
1308:Fromm
1238:Serge
1213:Bloch
1168:Lenin
989:Black
614:Class
103:JSTOR
89:books
1938:Malm
1908:Dean
1878:West
1833:Cano
1813:Rose
1718:Kurz
1693:Wood
1658:Ture
1608:Löwy
1528:Hall
1523:Amin
1508:Mies
1378:Hill
1288:Dutt
1273:Basu
1128:Marx
1019:Post
981:Both
963:Open
75:news
2666:".
2457:by
1313:Cox
1268:Mao
1014:Neo
58:by
2683::
2621:^
2605:^
2381:.
1928:Li
1233:Ho
141:on
2575:.
2534:.
2480:)
2474:(
2469:)
2465:(
2451:.
2296:e
2289:t
2282:v
508:)
504:(
125:)
119:(
114:)
110:(
100:·
93:·
86:·
79:·
52:.
20:)
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