172:
9121:. The impact and deposition of solar energetic particles within the microstructure of conventional aluminium alloys can induce the dissolution of most common hardening phases, leading to softening. The recently introduced crossover aluminium alloys are being tested as a surrogate to 6xxx and 7xxx series in environments where energetic particle irradiation is a major concern. Such crossover aluminium alloys can be hardened via precipitation of a chemical complex phase known as T-phase in which the radiation resistance has been proved to be superior than other hardening phases of conventional aluminium alloys.
246:. Therefore, for a given load, a component or unit made of an aluminium alloy will experience a greater deformation in the elastic regime than a steel part of identical size and shape. With completely new metal products, the design choices are often governed by the choice of manufacturing technology. Extrusions are particularly important in this regard, owing to the ease with which aluminium alloys, particularly the Al-Mg-Si series, can be extruded to form complex profiles.
9061:
297:, which is the stress amplitude below which no failures occur – the metal does not continue to weaken with extended stress cycles. Aluminium alloys do not have this lower fatigue limit and will continue to weaken with continued stress cycles. Aluminium alloys are therefore sparsely used in parts that require high fatigue strength in the high cycle regime (more than 10 stress cycles).
33:
9291:
6951 is a heat treatable alloy providing additional strength to the fins while increasing sag resistance; this allows the manufacturer to reduce the gauge of the sheet and therefore reducing the weight of the formed fin. These distinctive features make aluminium alloy 6951 one of the preferred alloys
325:
upper stage engine used a regeneratively cooled aluminium design for some parts of the nozzle, including the thermally critical throat region; in fact the extremely high thermal conductivity of aluminium prevented the throat from reaching the melting point even under massive heat flux, resulting in a
147:
can occur when an aluminium alloy is placed in electrical contact with other metals with more positive corrosion potentials than aluminium, and an electrolyte is present that allows ion exchange. Also referred to as dissimilar-metal corrosion, this process can occur as exfoliation or as intergranular
576:
Note: -W is a relatively soft intermediary designation that applies after heat treat and before aging is completed. The -W condition can be extended at extremely low temperatures but not indefinitely and depending on the material will typically last no longer than 15 minutes at ambient temperatures.
370:
All of this resulted in overheated and loose connections, and this in turn resulted in some fires. Builders then became wary of using the wire, and many jurisdictions outlawed its use in very small sizes, in new construction. Yet newer fixtures eventually were introduced with connections designed to
305:
Often, the metal's sensitivity to heat must also be considered. Even a relatively routine workshop procedure involving heating is complicated by the fact that aluminium, unlike steel, will melt without first glowing red. Forming operations where a blow torch is used can reverse or remove the effects
317:
the stresses. Yet these parts may still become distorted, so that heat-treating of welded bicycle frames, for instance, can result in a significant fraction becoming misaligned. If the misalignment is not too severe, the cooled parts may be bent into alignment. If the frame is properly designed for
273:
due to the weight savings that are possible. Since aluminium alloys are susceptible to warping at elevated temperatures, the cooling system of such engines is critical. Manufacturing techniques and metallurgical advancements have also been instrumental for the successful application in automotive
253:
is inversely related to the stress in the tube wall, i.e. stresses are lower for larger values. The second moment of area is proportional to the cube of the radius times the wall thickness, thus increasing the radius (and weight) by 26% will lead to a halving of the wall stress. For this reason,
585:
The
International Alloy Designation System is the most widely accepted naming scheme for wrought alloys. Each alloy is given a four-digit number, where the first digit indicates the major alloying elements, the second — if different from 0 — indicates a variation of the alloy, and the third and
9495:
phase which is stable up to temperatures of 540 °C, and retains its strength up to 300 °C, making it quite viable at elevated temperatures. Aluminium–cerium alloys are typically cast, due to their excellent casting properties, although work has also been done to show that laser-based
8094:
and DIN have different designations. In the AA system, the second two digits reveal the minimum percentage of aluminium, e.g. 150.x correspond to a minimum of 99.50% aluminium. The digit after the decimal point takes a value of 0 or 1, denoting casting and ingot respectively. The main alloying
309:
Aluminium is subject to internal stresses and strains. Sometimes years later, improperly welded aluminium bicycle frames may gradually twist out of alignment from the stresses of the welding process. Thus, the aerospace industry avoids heat altogether by joining parts with rivets of like metal
340:
Because of its high conductivity and relatively low price compared with copper in the 1960s, aluminium was introduced at that time for household electrical wiring in North
America, even though many fixtures had not been designed to accept aluminium wire. But the new use brought some problems:
9500:
techniques can be used as well to create parts with more complex geometries and greater mechanical properties. Recent work has largely focused on adding higher-order alloying elements to the binary Al-Ce system to improve its mechanical performance at room and elevated temperatures, such as
11118:
8958:
382:" of copper wire. A properly done high-pressure crimp by the proper tool is tight enough to reduce any thermal expansion of the aluminium. Today, new alloys, designs, and methods are used for aluminium wiring in combination with aluminium terminations.
586:
fourth digits identify the specific alloy in the series. For example, in alloy 3105, the number 3 indicates the alloy is in the manganese series, 1 indicates the first modification of alloy 3005, and finally 05 identifies it in the 3000 series.
11122:
306:
of heat treatment. No visual signs reveal how the material is internally damaged. Much like welding heat treated, high strength link chain, all strength is now lost by heat of the torch. The chain is dangerous and must be discarded.
9287:
4047 aluminium is a unique alloy used in both the aerospace and automotive applications as a cladding alloy or filler material. As filler, aluminium alloy 4047 strips can be combined to intricate applications to bond two metals.
393:
Cast aluminium alloys use a four to five digit number with a decimal point. The digit in the hundreds place indicates the alloying elements, while the digit after the decimal point indicates the form (cast shape or ingot).
124:, where the high levels of silicon (4–13%) contribute to give good casting characteristics. Aluminium alloys are widely used in engineering structures and components where light weight or corrosion resistance is required.
9476:, and in other energy generation applications. These alloys were initially developed as a way to increase the usage of cerium, which is over-produced in rare-earth mining operations for more coveted elements such as
254:
bicycle frames made of aluminium alloys make use of larger tube diameters than steel or titanium in order to yield the desired stiffness and strength. In automotive engineering, cars made of aluminium alloys employ
131:
since the introduction of metal-skinned aircraft. Aluminium–magnesium alloys are both lighter than other aluminium alloys and much less flammable than other alloys that contain a very high percentage of magnesium.
9112:
Due to its light-weight and high strength, aluminium alloys are desired materials to be applied in spacecraft, satellites and other components to be deployed in space. However, this application is limited by the
9042:: pre-war nickel–aluminium alloys, used in aerospace and engine pistons, for their ability to retain strength at elevated temperature. These are replaced nowadays by higher-performing iron-aluminium alloys like
8946:
A380 Offers an excellent combination of casting, mechanical and thermal properties, exhibits excellent fluidity, pressure tightness and resistance to hot cracking. Used in the
Aerospace Industry
10345:
11193:
Stemper, Lukas; Tunes, Matheus A.; Dumitraschkewitz, Phillip; Mendez-Martin, Francisca; Tosone, Ramona; Marchand, Daniel; Curtin, William A.; Uggowitzer, Peter J.; Pogatscher, Stefan (2021).
11379:
Winston O. Soboyejo, T.S. Srivatsan, "Advanced
Structural Materials: Properties, Design Optimization, and Applications", p. 245 Table 9.4. – Nominal composition of Aluminium Aerospace Alloys
10849:
Y. Barbaux, G. Pons, "New rapidly solidified aluminium alloys for elevated temperature applications on aerospace structures", Journal de
Physique IV Colloque, 1993, 03 (C7), pp.C7-191-C7-196
258:
made of extruded profiles to ensure rigidity. This represents a radical change from the common approach for current steel car design, which depend on the body shells for stiffness, known as
402:
The temper designation follows the cast or wrought designation number with a dash, a letter, and potentially a one to three digit number, e.g. 6061-T6. The definitions for the tempers are:
9591:
214:
resistance, to name a few. A brief historical overview of alloys and manufacturing technologies is given in Ref. Aluminium alloys are used extensively in aircraft due to their high
11746:"The EAA Alumatter" computer-based reference database containing technical information on the most widely used aluminium alloys, their mechanical, physical and chemical properties
11393:
9298:
alloys are heat treatable with moderately high strength, excellent corrosion resistance and good extrudability. They are regularly used as architectural and structural members.
9724:
12167:
12098:
11651:
10403:
11093:
10819:
10293:
Mogucheva A, Babich E, Ovsyannikov B, Kaibyshev R (January 2013). "Microstructural evolution in a 5024 aluminum alloy processed by ECAP with and without back pressure".
390:
Wrought and cast aluminium alloys use different identification systems. Wrought aluminium is identified with a four digit number which identifies the alloying elements.
249:
In general, stiffer and lighter designs can be achieved with aluminium alloy than is feasible with steels. For instance, consider the bending of a thin-walled tube: the
321:
Aluminium's intolerance to high temperatures has not precluded its use in rocketry; even for use in constructing combustion chambers where gases can reach 3500 K. The
11606:"Cerium-Based, Intermetallic-Strengthened Aluminum Casting Alloy: High-Volume Co-product Development." Sims Z, Weiss D, McCall S et al. JOM, (2016), 1940–1947, 68(7).
11502:
Karthikeyan, L.; Senthil Kumar, V.S. (2011). "Relationship between process parameters and mechanical properties of friction stir processed AA6063-T6 aluminum alloy".
10627:
12618:
10123:
5356:
4112:
12672:
12667:
12652:
12647:
12642:
12637:
12632:
12573:
12568:
12479:
12469:
12459:
12454:
12444:
12439:
12429:
12419:
12414:
12404:
12384:
12335:
12330:
12310:
12280:
12270:
12265:
12260:
12255:
12250:
12226:
12221:
12211:
12206:
12201:
12196:
12177:
12172:
12157:
12123:
12113:
12103:
12083:
12078:
12073:
12063:
12058:
12053:
12048:
12043:
12038:
12023:
12018:
12013:
12008:
12003:
11998:
11988:
11973:
11949:
11944:
11939:
11934:
11929:
11924:
11919:
11914:
11909:
11904:
11899:
11894:
9448:
9398:
9315:
9310:
9270:
9216:
9194:
9186:
9182:
9174:
9162:
9154:
9137:
9043:
7397:
7145:
5687:
5634:
5509:
5482:
5459:
5436:
5409:
5118:
5103:
4598:
4548:
4474:
4451:
4401:
4366:
4286:
4232:
4201:
4139:
3995:
3751:
3724:
3620:
3462:
3420:
3386:
3355:
3333:
3311:
3221:
3198:
3159:
3109:
3082:
3047:
3024:
2969:
2946:
2927:
2885:
2733:
2636:
2587:
2538:
2447:
2398:
2344:
2263:
2224:
2171:
2122:
2087:
2034:
1945:
1902:
1875:
1848:
1813:
1755:
1666:
1547:
1490:
1417:
1360:
1287:
1218:
1165:
1104:
1047:
978:
925:
890:
863:
11730:
9786:
9418:
9414:
9078:
for minor aerospace industry components. These alloys contain between 0.1% and 0.5% (by weight) of scandium. They were used in the
Russian military aircraft
10659:
10144:
10429:
10595:
General
Corrosion Resistance Comparisons of Medium- and High-Strength Aluminum Alloys for DOD Systems Using Laboratory-Based Accelerated Corrosion Methods
10156:
8991:
is an alloy that consists of 62% beryllium and 38% aluminium. It was used as a structural metal in the aerospace industry, developed in the 1960s by the
11615:"High performance aluminum-cerium alloys for high-temperature applications." Sims Z, Rios O, Weiss D et al. Materials Horizons, (2017), 1070–1078, 4(6).
10251:
10071:
10691:
10371:
10349:
10188:
10787:
10723:
9911:
65:
53:
2997:
are alloyed with silicon. Variations of aluminium–silicon alloys intended for casting (and therefore not included in 4000 series) are also known as
11755:
9529:
9220:
9199:
11568:
8076:
This limit applies to all elements for which no other limit is specified on a given row, because no column exists or because the column is blank.
11624:"Evaluation of an Al-Ce alloy for laser additive manufacturing." Plotkowski A, Rios O, Sridharan N et al. Acta Materialia, (2017), 507–519, 126.
9598:
10461:
Lapovok, R.; Timokhina, I.; McKenzie, P.W.J.; O’Donnell, R. (2008). "Processing and properties of ultrafine-grain aluminium alloy 6111 sheet".
191:
148:
corrosion. Aluminium alloys can be improperly heat treated, causing internal element separation which corrodes the metal from the inside out.
11593:
9461:
are often cast made of aluminium alloys. The most popular aluminium alloys used for cylinder blocks are A356, 319 and to a minor extent 242.
9747:
11045:
11740:
9653:
8998:
8982:
11059:
Bjerklie, Steve (2006). "A batty business: Anodized metal bats have revolutionized baseball. But are finishers losing the sweet spot?".
9950:
9484:, but gained attention for its strength at high temperatures over long periods of time. It gains its strength from the presence of an Al
12350:
11787:
11731:
Aluminium alloys for chill casting and low pressure casting according to the
Japanese, Chinese, American and German industrial standard
11389:
8949:
3811:
11750:
10334:
ASM Handbook, Volume 5: Surface
Engineering C.M. Cotell, J.A. Sprague, and F.A. Smidt, Jr., editors, p. 490 DOI: 10.1361/asmhba0001281
9995:"Precipitation of T1 and θ′ Phase in Al-4Cu-1Li-0.25Mn During Age Hardening: Microstructural Investigation and Phase-Field Simulation"
182:
Aluminium alloys with a wide range of properties are used in engineering structures. Alloy systems are classified by a number system (
9720:
9021:
11643:
11726:
Aluminium alloys for die casting according to the
Japanese Standards, China National Standards, U.S. Standards and German Standards
11086:
10407:
9669:
9089:
Some items of sports equipment, which rely on high performance materials, have been made with scandium–aluminium alloys, including
11725:
8985:(aluminium, magnesium, manganese, silicon) product of Hindustan Aluminium Corporation Ltd, made in 16ga rolled sheets for cookware
11735:
9993:
Häusler, Ines; Schwarze, Christian; Bilal, Muhammad; Ramirez, Daniela; Hetaba, Walid; Kamachali, Reza; Skrotzki, Birgit (2017).
9977:
9629:
2325:
10827:
10044:
2531:
11760:
11420:
10969:
10771:
10233:
183:
9622:
218:. Pure aluminium is much too soft for such uses, and it does not have the high tensile strength that is needed for building
313:
Stresses in overheated aluminium can be relieved by heat-treating the parts in an oven and gradually cooling it—in effect
11252:"Metal Alloy Space Materials: Prototypic Lightweight Alloy Design for Stellar-Radiation Environments (Adv. Sci. 22/2020)"
10634:
8992:
11480:
11450:
9351:
These alloys are used for boat building and shipbuilding, and other marine and salt-water sensitive shore applications.
11745:
9537:
116:. Cast aluminium alloys yield cost-effective products due to the low melting point, although they generally have lower
10115:
8967:
aluminium sheet formed from high-purity aluminium surface layers bonded to high strength aluminium alloy core material
11696:
11562:
11536:
11367:
11039:
10936:
10333:
9880:
9770:
9704:
187:
10666:
9001:
Pratt & Whitney proprietary alloy, supposedly having high strength and superior high temperature performance.
3261:
are alloyed with magnesium, and offer superb corrosion resistance, making them suitable for marine applications.
112:
and non-heat-treatable. About 85% of aluminium is used for wrought products, for example rolled plate, foils and
17:
11144:
Stemper, Lukas; Tunes, Matheus A.; Oberhauser, Paul; Uggowitzer, Peter J.; Pogatscher, Stefan (15 August 2020).
10615:
10436:
4650:
to the highest strengths of any aluminium alloy. Most 7000 series alloys include magnesium and copper as well.
12236:
12138:
11780:
10163:
3258:
2805:
360:
under steady sustained pressure (to a greater degree as the temperature rises), again loosening the connection.
11250:
Tunes, Matheus A.; Stemper, Lukas; Greaves, Graeme; Uggowitzer, Peter J.; Pogatscher, Stefan (November 2020).
10848:
12789:
10248:
10068:
9075:
314:
12693:
12187:
10698:
10378:
10195:
10088:
9015:
5360:
2998:
2994:
778:
155:. Many organizations publish more specific standards for the manufacture of aluminium alloy, including the
10794:
10730:
9918:
9897:
11959:
1605:
371:
avoid loosening and overheating. At first they were marked "Al/Cu", but they now bear a "CO/ALR" coding.
171:
10320:
11549:
12835:
12489:
11773:
11301:
Tunes, Matheus A.; Stemper, Lukas; Greaves, Graeme; Uggowitzer, Peter J.; Pogatscher, Stefan (2020).
4643:
1617:
594:
1000 series are essentially pure aluminium with a minimum 99% aluminium content by weight and can be
195:
117:
8140:
8087:
152:
9079:
4647:
4354:
3818:, and can be precipitation hardened, but not to the high strengths that 2000 and 7000 can reach.
1609:
11714:
Baykov Dmitry et al. Weldable aluminium alloys (in Russian); Leningrad, Sudpromgiz, 1959, 236 p.
363:
11029:
10498:"Direct Chill Casting and Extrusion of AA6111 Aluminum Alloy Formulated from Taint Tabor Scrap"
9025:
128:
61:
11236:
10759:
9650:
12363:
11835:
10221:
9943:
9800:
6895:
3868:
250:
12804:
12677:
12662:
12657:
12627:
12608:
12603:
12598:
12593:
12588:
12583:
12578:
12563:
12558:
12553:
12548:
12543:
12538:
12533:
12528:
12523:
12518:
12513:
12508:
12503:
12498:
12474:
12464:
12449:
12434:
12424:
12409:
12399:
12394:
12389:
12379:
12374:
12369:
12359:
12340:
12325:
12320:
12315:
12305:
12300:
12295:
12290:
12285:
12275:
12245:
12216:
12162:
12152:
12147:
12128:
12118:
12108:
12093:
12088:
12068:
12033:
12028:
11993:
11983:
11978:
11968:
11889:
11884:
11879:
11874:
11869:
11864:
11859:
11854:
11849:
11844:
11825:
11206:
11157:
10994:
10509:
9554:
9549:
9525:
9441:
9437:
9433:
9429:
9422:
9410:
9406:
9394:
9380:
9375:
9370:
9365:
9360:
9355:
9340:
9335:
9330:
9325:
9320:
9305:
9295:
9265:
9261:
9257:
9253:
9249:
9245:
9241:
9237:
9233:
9229:
9225:
9212:
9208:
9204:
9190:
9178:
9170:
9166:
9158:
9150:
9146:
9142:
7944:
7894:
7842:
7791:
7741:
7691:
7646:
7595:
7545:
7494:
7446:
7345:
7295:
7245:
7195:
7095:
7045:
6995:
6945:
6845:
6795:
6745:
6695:
6645:
6595:
6545:
6495:
6446:
6397:
6348:
6300:
6252:
6205:
6154:
6104:
6054:
6004:
5960:
5906:
5859:
5740:
5581:
5558:
5386:
5319:
5288:
5257:
5222:
5195:
5168:
5133:
5076:
5041:
5010:
4991:
4960:
4929:
4898:
4867:
4836:
4805:
4778:
4743:
4712:
4673:
4575:
4509:
4428:
4358:
4309:
4259:
4170:
4088:
4057:
4030:
3964:
3933:
3902:
3845:
3819:
3778:
3697:
3670:
3639:
3597:
3574:
3547:
3520:
3489:
3439:
3292:
3262:
3140:
2908:
2862:
2839:
2760:
2698:
2663:
2500:
2461:
2290:
2003:
1976:
1786:
1724:
1693:
1643:
847:
831:
739:
723:
707:
669:
653:
637:
621:
8:
9468:
are being developed and implemented in high-temperature automotive applications, such as
357:
11210:
11161:
10998:
10513:
10116:"The Falcon 1 Launch Vehicle: Demonstration Flights, Status, Manifest, and Upgrade Path"
9975:
Effect of Mg and Zn Elements on the Mechanical Properties and Precipitates in 2099 Alloy
9673:
12840:
12738:
12723:
11337:
11302:
11286:
11251:
11010:
10532:
10497:
10021:
9994:
9780:
8973:(aluminium, magnesium) a product of The Birmetals Company, basically equivalent to 5251
290:
160:
144:
11072:
10985:
Ahmad, Zaki (2003). "The properties and application of scandium-reinforced aluminum".
10404:"New, Sleeker Samsung Smartphone Built Stronger with Alcoa's Aerospace-Grade Aluminum"
9386:
4043, 5183, 6005A, 6082 also used in marine constructions and off shore applications.
9028:. Commonly used in high performance sports products, particularly snowboards and skis.
11713:
11702:
11692:
11558:
11532:
11363:
11342:
11324:
11273:
11232:
11224:
11175:
11035:
10965:
10932:
10767:
10572:
10556:
10537:
10478:
10474:
10229:
10026:
9974:
9876:
9766:
9700:
9626:
9301:
The following list of aluminium alloys are currently produced, but less widely used:
9104:
produces revolvers with frames composed of scandium alloy and cylinders of titanium.
9101:
9071:, which are stronger but heavier than Al-Sc alloys, are still much more widely used.
8091:
3265:
has the highest strength of non-heat-treated alloys. Most 5000 series alloys include
349:
of aluminium causes the wire to expand and contract relative to the dissimilar metal
346:
279:
215:
156:
10757:
10724:"Aluminum alloy 7085 High strength, high toughness, corrosion-resistant thick plate"
108:
alloys and wrought alloys, both of which are further subdivided into the categories
12809:
12784:
11796:
11684:
11677:
Grushko, Olga; Ovsyannikov, Boris; Ovchinnokov, Viktor (2016). Eskin, D. G. (ed.).
11511:
11332:
11314:
11281:
11263:
11214:
11165:
11068:
11014:
11002:
10883:
10868:
10568:
10527:
10517:
10470:
10302:
10016:
10006:
9758:
8953:
194:). Selecting the right alloy for a given application entails considerations of its
176:
11683:. Advances in metallic alloys. Vol. 8. CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group.
11416:
11219:
11194:
11170:
11145:
10267:
9517:, and work is being done to understand the alloying element interactions further.
540: : Solution heat treated, stress relieved by stretching and artificially aged
293:
strength compared to steel. In controlled laboratory conditions, steels display a
12799:
11815:
11678:
11515:
10962:
Building Victory: Aircraft Manufacturing in the Los Angeles Area in World War II,
10926:
10255:
10075:
9981:
9657:
9633:
9068:
375:
366:
from the dissimilar metals increases the electrical resistance of the connection.
235:
136:
49:
11741:
The Aluminium Association's chemical composition standards for wrought aluminium
500: : Cooled from hot working and artificially aged (at elevated temperature)
12774:
10557:"6111 Aluminium alloy strip casting using an unequal diameter twin roll caster"
10306:
9292:
for heat transfer and heat exchangers manufactured for aerospace applications.
9083:
9009:
2813:
595:
335:
11006:
12829:
11706:
11680:
Aluminum-Lithium Alloys: Process Metallurgy, Physical Metallurgy, and Welding
11472:
11442:
11328:
11277:
11228:
11179:
10594:
10482:
9492:
9469:
9402:
9114:
294:
275:
259:
239:
109:
37:
5367:
8000 series aluminium alloy nominal composition (% weight) and applications
4654:
7000 series aluminium alloy nominal composition (% weight) and applications
3826:
6000 series aluminium alloy nominal composition (% weight) and applications
3273:
5000 series aluminium alloy nominal composition (% weight) and applications
3005:
4000 series aluminium alloy nominal composition (% weight) and applications
2820:
3000 series aluminium alloy nominal composition (% weight) and applications
1624:
2000 series aluminium alloy nominal composition (% weight) and applications
602:
1000 series aluminium alloy nominal composition (% weight) and applications
159:
standards organization, specifically its aerospace standards subgroups, and
11756:
Influence of Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloy
11346:
11319:
11268:
10913:
Properties and Selection of Nonferrous Alloys and Special Purpose Materials
10541:
10030:
9533:
9473:
9454:
9090:
1616:, they were once the most common aerospace alloys, but were susceptible to
283:
266:
11688:
11633:"Cerium in aluminum alloys." Frank Czerwinski, J Mater Sci (2020) 55:24–72
12754:
12733:
11192:
9871:
Toropova, L.S.; Eskin, D.G.; Kharakterova, M.L.; Dobatkina, T.V. (1998).
9762:
9497:
8970:
379:
322:
255:
243:
207:
11303:"Prototypic Lightweight Alloy Design for Stellar-Radiation Environments"
476: : Cooled from hot working and naturally aged (at room temperature)
413: : Strain hardened (cold worked) with or without thermal treatment
265:
Aluminium alloys are widely used in automotive engines, particularly in
12748:
10788:"Aluminum alloy 7255-T7751 Very high strength, fatigue-resistant plate"
10522:
10145:
2218 Aluminium Forged Products Billet For Airplane Engine Cylinder Head
10011:
9481:
9129:
The following aluminium alloys are commonly used in aircraft and other
9039:
9035:
5359:
are alloyed with other elements which are not covered by other series.
223:
120:
than wrought alloys. The most important cast aluminium alloy system is
3814:
are alloyed with magnesium and silicon. They are easy to machine, are
289:
An important structural limitation of aluminium alloys is their lower
12779:
12769:
12743:
11810:
10758:
Davis, Joseph R; Handbook Committee, ASM International (1 May 2000).
9873:
Advanced Aluminum Alloys Containing Scandium Structure and Properties
9510:
9477:
9458:
9130:
9004:
8988:
8976:
8053:
8013:
8008:
5838:
5798:
5793:
5730:
5710:
5706:
5677:
5657:
5653:
5624:
5604:
5600:
5548:
5528:
5471:
5398:
5331:
5308:
5300:
5269:
5246:
5234:
5207:
5180:
5157:
5145:
5128:
high strength, ductility and resistance to stress corrosion cracking
5113:
high strength, ductility and resistance to stress corrosion cracking
5088:
5061:
5053:
5022:
4980:
4972:
4949:
4941:
4918:
4910:
4887:
4879:
4848:
4821:
4817:
4790:
4759:
4755:
4732:
4724:
4697:
4689:
4685:
4622:
4618:
4587:
4564:
4560:
4521:
4498:
4490:
4486:
4463:
4440:
4413:
4382:
4378:
4344:
4321:
4298:
4275:
4271:
4248:
4244:
4217:
4213:
4186:
4182:
4151:
4124:
4101:
4069:
4042:
4011:
4007:
3980:
3976:
3949:
3945:
3918:
3914:
3880:
3857:
3790:
3786:
3763:
3759:
3736:
3732:
3709:
3705:
3682:
3678:
3651:
3647:
3628:
3609:
3605:
3582:
3559:
3555:
3532:
3528:
3509:
3501:
3497:
3474:
3470:
3447:
3428:
3398:
3394:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3345:
3341:
3323:
3319:
3300:
3266:
3237:
3210:
3187:
3183:
3125:
3098:
3094:
3059:
2977:
2958:
2954:
2935:
2916:
2897:
2893:
2874:
2870:
2847:
2809:
2776:
2749:
2745:
2722:
2710:
2687:
2675:
2652:
2648:
2626:
2610:
2606:
2577:
2561:
2557:
2524:
2512:
2489:
2473:
2437:
2421:
2417:
2387:
2367:
2363:
2336:
2318:
2306:
2302:
2279:
2275:
2252:
2240:
2236:
2214:
2194:
2190:
2161:
2145:
2141:
2111:
2103:
2077:
2057:
2053:
2023:
2019:
1992:
1953:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1891:
1887:
1864:
1860:
1837:
1829:
1825:
1802:
1798:
1771:
1744:
1740:
1713:
1709:
1655:
1613:
1578:
1570:
1566:
1533:
1525:
1513:
1509:
1468:
1464:
1440:
1436:
1391:
1379:
1334:
1330:
1310:
1306:
1261:
1257:
1241:
1237:
1208:
1204:
1188:
1184:
1147:
1143:
1127:
1123:
1090:
1086:
1070:
1066:
1021:
1017:
1001:
997:
960:
956:
944:
940:
914:
906:
898:
879:
871:
801:
797:
760:
700:
685:
270:
211:
203:
140:
113:
85:
81:
73:
10597:(Report). U.S. Army Research Laboratory. DTIC ADA516812; ARL-TR-4937
10092:
9060:
12814:
11765:
10292:
9861: (Chapter 1. Brief History of Aluminum-Lithium Alloy Creation)
9094:
8090:(AA) has adopted a nomenclature similar to that of wrought alloys.
8033:
8028:
8018:
5818:
5813:
5803:
5722:
5714:
5669:
5661:
5616:
5608:
5540:
5532:
5425:
5339:
5277:
5065:
5030:
4856:
4825:
4767:
4701:
4693:
4529:
4494:
4417:
4077:
3888:
3822:
is one of the most commonly used general-purpose aluminium alloys.
3794:
3713:
3686:
3659:
3655:
3586:
3563:
3536:
3478:
3451:
3375:
3071:
2780:
2718:
2714:
2683:
2679:
2618:
2569:
2520:
2516:
2429:
2375:
2332:
2202:
2153:
2065:
1961:
1582:
1529:
1517:
1472:
1452:
1444:
1399:
1383:
1322:
1314:
1265:
1245:
1192:
1131:
1078:
1074:
1025:
1009:
964:
910:
809:
768:
566: : Cooled from hot working, cold-worked, and artificially aged
219:
135:
Aluminium alloy surfaces will develop a white, protective layer of
11146:"Age-hardening response of AlMgZn alloys with Cu and Ag additions"
9870:
9097:
sticks, as well as bicycle frames and components, and tent poles.
432: : Strain hardened and stabilized by low temperature heating
12794:
12698:
11028:
Schwarz, James A.; Contescu, Cristian I.; Putyera, Karol (2004).
10460:
9031:
8043:
8038:
7993:
5828:
5823:
5778:
5752:
5726:
5694:
5673:
5641:
5620:
5588:
5544:
5516:
5448:
5421:
5335:
4606:
4583:
4556:
4533:
4517:
4482:
4459:
4436:
4409:
4374:
4348:
4317:
4294:
4267:
4240:
4209:
4178:
4159:
4147:
4120:
4097:
4065:
4038:
4003:
3972:
3941:
3910:
3876:
3853:
3815:
3402:
3229:
3206:
3167:
3148:
3117:
3090:
3055:
3032:
2772:
2622:
2594:
2573:
2545:
2481:
2433:
2405:
2383:
2351:
2310:
2244:
2210:
2178:
2157:
2129:
2099:
2073:
2041:
2015:
1988:
1965:
1918:
1775:
1767:
1736:
1705:
1678:
1574:
1554:
1521:
1497:
1476:
1460:
1424:
1387:
1367:
1326:
1294:
1273:
1253:
1225:
1200:
1172:
1139:
1111:
1082:
1054:
1037:
1013:
985:
952:
932:
902:
875:
817:
813:
785:
748:
689:
560: : Solution heat treated, artificially aged, and cold worked
554: : Solution heat treated, cold worked, and artificially aged
199:
121:
105:
89:
76:(Al) is the predominant metal. The typical alloying elements are
11736:
Aluminium alloys for extrusion according to the German Standards
11143:
10859:
R.B. Ross, "Metallic Materials Specification Handbook", p.1B-11
9413:
used for inner body panels. Bonnets have been manufactured from
482: : Cooled from hot working, cold-worked, and naturally aged
318:
rigidity (see above), that bending will require enormous force.
127:
Alloys composed mostly of aluminium have been very important in
12759:
12728:
12718:
12708:
12703:
10346:"Woldman's Engineering Alloys, 9th Ed. (#06821G) ALLOY DATA/17"
10113:
9514:
9506:
9465:
8964:
8003:
5788:
5702:
5649:
5596:
5570:
5524:
5498:
5494:
5304:
5273:
5242:
5238:
5211:
5184:
5153:
5149:
5092:
5057:
5026:
4976:
4945:
4914:
4883:
4852:
4794:
4763:
4728:
4614:
4525:
4390:
4386:
4340:
4221:
4190:
4155:
4073:
4015:
3984:
3953:
3922:
3884:
3767:
3740:
3410:
3175:
3129:
3121:
3067:
2851:
2788:
2768:
2741:
2706:
2671:
2644:
2602:
2553:
2508:
2469:
2413:
2379:
2359:
2329:
2314:
2298:
2271:
2232:
2206:
2186:
2137:
2107:
2095:
2069:
2049:
2011:
1984:
1922:
1910:
1883:
1856:
1833:
1821:
1794:
1763:
1732:
1701:
1674:
1651:
1586:
1562:
1537:
1505:
1480:
1456:
1432:
1409:
1395:
1375:
1352:
1348:
1342:
1338:
1302:
1277:
1269:
1249:
1233:
1196:
1180:
1157:
1153:
1135:
1119:
1094:
1062:
1033:
1029:
993:
968:
823:
793:
756:
677:
97:
77:
11362:, Shevell, Richard S., 1989, Englewood Cliffs, Prentice Hall,
9890:
1620:
and are increasingly replaced by 7000 series in new designs.
12764:
12713:
11676:
11300:
11249:
9858:
9024:(aluminium, zinc, magnesium, copper, zirconium) a product of
1403:
350:
69:
10430:"Alloy 6022 Sheet Higher Strength with Improved Formability"
10372:"Alloy 6013 Sheet Higher Strength With Improved Formability"
9992:
9645:
R.E. Sanders, Technology Innovation in aluminium Products,
9502:
9421:, and 6111 alloys. Truck and trailer body panels have used
8048:
8023:
7998:
5833:
5808:
5783:
5748:
5718:
5698:
5665:
5645:
5612:
5592:
5566:
5536:
5520:
5490:
5467:
5444:
5417:
5394:
5327:
5296:
5265:
5230:
5203:
5176:
5141:
5084:
5049:
5018:
4999:
4968:
4937:
4906:
4875:
4844:
4813:
4786:
4751:
4720:
4681:
4626:
4610:
4537:
4128:
4046:
4019:
3892:
3505:
3406:
3241:
3233:
3179:
3171:
3063:
3036:
2857:
Universal, sheet, rigid foil containers, signs, decorative
2784:
2614:
2598:
2565:
2549:
2485:
2477:
2425:
2409:
2371:
2355:
2248:
2198:
2182:
2149:
2133:
2061:
2045:
1957:
1914:
1682:
1558:
1501:
1448:
1428:
1371:
1318:
1298:
1229:
1176:
1115:
1058:
1005:
989:
948:
936:
805:
789:
764:
752:
693:
681:
186:) or by names indicating their main alloying constituents (
101:
11761:
Aluminium: physical properties, characteristics and alloys
11594:"EERE Success Story—Taking Aluminum Alloys to New Heights"
10114:
Bjelde, Brian; Max Vozoff; Gwynne Shotwell (August 2007).
9074:
The main application of metallic scandium by weight is in
8959:
Société pour la Construction d'Avions Métallique "Aviméta"
1612:
to strengths comparable to steel. Formerly referred to as
143:
and/or correct painting procedures. In a wet environment,
9898:"All About 2024 Aluminum (Properties, Strength and Uses)"
9695:
Degarmo, E. Paul; Black, J T.; Kohser, Ronald A. (2003).
9118:
286:, which is not seen in current aluminium cylinder heads.
229:
93:
32:
11501:
8105:
3xx.x series silicon, with added copper and/or magnesium
8128:
Minimum tensile requirements for cast aluminium alloys
8074:
Manganese plus chromium must be between 0.12 and 0.50%.
11027:
5770:
Wrought aluminium alloy composition limits (% weight)
3806:
438: : A second digit denotes the degree of hardness
11031:
Dekker encyclopedia of nanoscience and nanotechnology
9721:"Understanding the Aluminum Alloy Designation System"
9124:
242:, which is about one-third of the elastic modulus of
10149:
534: : Solution heat treated and artificially aged
10120:
21st Annual AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites
9875:. Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers.
9107:
1597:Not an International Alloy Designation System name
374:Another way to forestall the heating problem is to
166:
11531:, Stephen F. Pollard, 1993, International Marine,
9694:
300:
104:. There are two principal classifications, namely
11644:"A short Review of 6351 Alloy Aluminum Cylinders"
9785:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
9046:capable of operating with low creep up to 300 °C.
589:
512: : No further straightening after stretching
420: : Strain hardened without thermal treatment
282:earned a reputation for failure and stripping of
151:Aluminium alloy compositions are registered with
27:Alloy in which aluminium is the predominant metal
12827:
11087:"Easton Technology Report: Materials / Scandium"
10660:"7055 Alloy -T7751 Plate and -T77511 EXTRUSIONS"
9801:"Aluminium Alloy 1200 | Aircraft Materials"
494: : Solution heat treated and naturally aged
353:connection, eventually loosening the connection.
11195:"Giant hardening response in AlMgZn(Cu) alloys"
10924:
10222:"Applications for Aluminium Alloys and Tempers"
9854:
9852:
9850:
9848:
9846:
9844:
9842:
9840:
9838:
9836:
9834:
9832:
9830:
9532:are widely used in breathing gas cylinders for
5351:
469: : Heat treated to produce stable tempers
9828:
9826:
9824:
9822:
9820:
9818:
9816:
9814:
9812:
9810:
426: : Strain hardened and partially annealed
11781:
11751:Applications for Aluminium Alloys and Tempers
9589:
9401:are extensively used for external automotive
9064:Parts of the MiG–29 are made from Al–Sc alloy
4986:Aerospace, Ultimate tensile strength 710 MPa
2326:Space Shuttle Super Lightweight external tank
488: : Solution heat treated and cold worked
10980:
10978:
10928:Introduction to Aluminium Alloys and Tempers
10081:
9572:
9570:
548: : Solution heat treated and stabilized
526: : Stress relieved by thermal treatment
518: : Minor straightening after stretching
310:composition, other fasteners, or adhesives.
11551:Introduction to aluminum alloys and tempers
11111:
11021:
10226:Introduction to aluminum alloys and tempers
9859:Grushko, Ovsyannikov & Ovchinnokov 2016
9807:
2532:Space Shuttle Standard Weight external tank
11788:
11774:
11079:
10753:
10751:
10592:
10561:Journal of Materials Processing Technology
10463:Journal of Materials Processing Technology
8095:elements in the AA system are as follows:
3253:
2800:
11336:
11318:
11285:
11267:
11218:
11169:
10975:
10907:
10905:
10878:
10876:
10531:
10521:
10107:
10020:
10010:
9567:
771:0.05 max; others 0.05 (each) .015 (total)
11119:"Small Frame (J) – Model 340PD Revolver"
11058:
11034:. Vol. 3. CRC Press. p. 2274.
9697:Materials and Processes in Manufacturing
9520:
9059:
2989:
170:
31:
11557:. ASM International. pp. 116–117.
11547:
11541:
10748:
10593:Placzankis, Brian E. (September 2009).
10219:
1600:
14:
12828:
11414:
11052:
10902:
10873:
10213:
9639:
9592:"Magnesium for Aerospace Applications"
8099:1xx.x series are minimum 99% aluminium
506: : Stress relieved by stretching
230:Aluminium alloys versus types of steel
11769:
11654:from the original on 10 December 2013
11574:from the original on 15 December 2011
11483:from the original on 27 February 2017
11453:from the original on 27 February 2017
11099:from the original on 23 November 2008
11048:from the original on 28 January 2017.
10984:
10228:. ASM International. pp. 93–94.
10126:from the original on 15 December 2013
9745:
8952:an aluminium–iron alloy developed by
4638:
397:
385:
274:engines. In the 1960s, the aluminium
175:Aluminium alloy bicycle wheel. 1960s
11795:
11121:. Smith & Wesson. Archived from
10554:
10295:Materials Science and Engineering: A
9956:from the original on 26 October 2017
9944:"Aluminum alloy 2055-T84 extrusions"
9699:(9th ed.). Wiley. p. 133.
9389:
8934:Only when requested by the customer
3154:Rod, Welding Filler, Brazing Filler
2495:Forgings, aircraft engine cylinders
11353:
10495:
10078:, NASA, retrieved 12 December 2013.
9949:. Arconic Forgings and Extrusions.
9055:
8993:Lockheed Missiles and Space Company
8956:, used for aircraft manufacture by
3990:Plate, aerospace, smartphone cases
3807:6000 series (magnesium and silicon)
573: : Solution heat treated only
329:
234:Aluminium alloys typically have an
24:
11396:from the original on 21 April 2009
10884:"Aluminum 8176 Alloy (UNS A98176)"
10766:. ASM International. p. 354.
9755:Alloying: Understanding the Basics
9662:
9616:
9125:List of aerospace aluminium alloys
4800:Ultimate tensile strength 750 MPa
4646:are alloyed with zinc, and can be
25:
12852:
11719:
11423:from the original on 5 April 2009
10931:. ASM International. p. 14.
9727:from the original on 29 July 2016
9623:SAE aluminium specifications list
8146:Yield strength (min) in ksi (MPa)
4083:Universal, structural, aerospace
580:
356:Pure aluminium has a tendency to
326:reliable, lightweight component.
10925:Gilbert Kaufman, J (2000). "2".
10869:Aluminum 8030 Alloy (UNS A98030)
10764:Nickel, cobalt, and their alloys
10573:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.10.007
10475:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.08.083
10323:. STANLEY® Engineered Fastening.
10045:"2195 Aluminum Composition Spec"
9625:, accessed 8 October 2006. Also
9346:
9108:Potential use as Space Materials
4357:; used for automotive paneling.
1608:are alloyed with copper, can be
347:coefficient of thermal expansion
167:Engineering use & properties
11670:
11636:
11627:
11618:
11609:
11600:
11586:
11522:
11495:
11465:
11435:
11415:Wagner, PennyJo (Winter 1995).
11408:
11382:
11373:
11294:
11243:
11186:
11137:
10964:p. 39, 118, Cypress, CA, 2013.
10954:
10945:
10918:
10862:
10853:
10842:
10812:
10780:
10716:
10684:
10652:
10620:
10609:
10586:
10548:
10496:Fan, Zhongyun (December 2020).
10489:
10454:
10422:
10396:
10364:
10338:
10327:
10313:
10286:
10260:
10249:3102 (AlMn0.2, A93102) Aluminum
10242:
10181:
10138:
10069:Super Lightweight External Tank
10062:
10037:
9986:
9968:
9936:
9912:"Aluminum alloy Alclad 2029-T8"
9904:
9864:
9050:
8940:
5036:Universal, aerospace, forgings
3247:Welding filler for 6000 series
632:Drawn tube, chemical equipment
301:Heat sensitivity considerations
10268:"Why Work with Aluminum 4047?"
10220:Kaufman, John Gilbert (2000).
10091:. SpaceX. 2013. Archived from
9793:
9765:(inactive 12 September 2024).
9748:"Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys"
9739:
9713:
9688:
9583:
9115:energetic particle irradiation
8082:
4107:Universal, marine, decorative
2339:second stage launch vehicles.
590:1000 series (essentially pure)
13:
1:
11648:Professional Scuba Inspectors
11220:10.1016/j.actamat.2020.116617
11171:10.1016/j.actamat.2020.05.066
11073:10.1016/S0026-0576(06)80099-1
10605:– via Internet Archive.
10469:(1–3). Elsevier BV: 441–450.
9560:
5764:
4924:Plate, extrusions, aerospace
3457:Universal, aerospace, marine
11516:10.1016/j.matdes.2010.12.049
10915:, ASM International (p. 222)
10911:ASM Metals Handbook Vol. 2,
9590:Hombergsmeier, Elke (2007).
9464:Aluminium alloys containing
9428:Automobile frames often use
5352:8000 series (other elements)
696:0.1 max, Residuals: 0.15 max
464: : Full soft (annealed)
206:, formability, workability,
7:
11529:Boatbuilding with aluminium
9647:The Journal of The Minerals
9543:
9447:Wheels have been cast from
8126:
5431:High-temperature aerospace
3569:Universal, welding, marine
3542:Universal, welding, marine
10:
12857:
10307:10.1016/j.msea.2012.09.054
9636:, accessed 8 October 2006.
8149:Elongation in 2 in %
8139:Tensile strength (min) in
8073:
2983:Sheet, high strength foil
333:
12790:Aluminium–scandium alloys
12686:
12617:
12488:
12349:
12235:
12186:
12137:
11958:
11834:
11803:
11007:10.1007/s11837-003-0224-6
9632:27 September 2006 at the
9076:aluminium–scandium alloys
8933:
8800:
8797:
8546:
8543:
8470:
8467:
8402:
8399:
8368:
8365:
8320:
8317:
8258:
8255:
8204:
8201:
8148:
8145:
8138:
8135:
8132:
8060:
8057:
8052:
8047:
8042:
8037:
8032:
8027:
8022:
8017:
8012:
8007:
8002:
7997:
7992:
7989:
7650:
5964:
5845:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5774:
3216:architectural extrusions
3193:Sheet, cladding, fillers
2880:Universal, beverage cans
1618:stress corrosion cracking
12694:Aluminium–lithium alloys
10189:"Aluminum alloy 2524-T3"
10074:23 November 2013 at the
9284:usually refers to 7075.
8088:The Aluminum Association
5361:Aluminium–lithium alloys
5125:Al-Zn-Mg-Cu with Co 0.4%
5110:Al-Zn-Mg-Cu with Co 1.5%
1843:Alclad sheet, aerospace
216:strength-to-weight ratio
153:The Aluminum Association
5098:Thick plate, aerospace
4831:Aerospace armour plate
4355:Precipitation hardening
3773:Sheet, automobile trim
3746:Sheet, automobile trim
3515:rocket cryogenic tanks
3254:5000 series (magnesium)
2801:3000 series (manganese)
2728:Aerospace armour plate
139:if left unprotected by
129:aerospace manufacturing
36:Welded aluminium alloy
11548:Kaufman, John (2000).
11390:"Aluminum in Aircraft"
11360:Fundamentals of Flight
11320:10.1002/advs.202002397
11269:10.1002/advs.202070126
10951:ASTM B 26 / B 26M – 05
10628:"RSP alloys datasheet"
10616:Sahamit machinery 7022
10157:"Alloy 2324-T39 Plate"
9670:"Sheet metal material"
9498:additive manufacturing
9451:or formed 5xxx sheet.
9065:
9038:alloys, also known as
9026:AMAG Austria Metall AG
9012:(magnesium, aluminium)
8111:5xx.x series magnesium
4648:precipitation hardened
3381:Extrusions, aerospace
3042:Work-hardened or aged
2029:Aerospace, cryogenics
1940:Aerospace extrusions,
1610:precipitation hardened
858:Electrical conductors
842:Electrical conductors
664:Thick-wall drawn tube
179:
41:
11689:10.1201/9781315369525
11473:"Aluminum Alloy 6951"
11443:"Aluminum Alloy 4047"
10692:"Aluminum alloy 7065"
10555:Haga, Toshio (2006).
10254:31 March 2017 at the
9656:17 March 2012 at the
9649:, 53(2):21–25, 2001.
9627:SAE Aerospace Council
9521:Air and gas cylinders
9063:
5345:Universal, aerospace
5283:Universal, aerospace
4893:Universal, aerospace
4862:Universal, aerospace
2990:4000 series (silicon)
1808:Universal, aerospace
408: : As fabricated
251:second moment of area
174:
35:
12805:Hypereutectic piston
11826:History of aluminium
11504:Materials and Design
11370:, Ch 18, pp 373–386.
10820:"8xxx Series Alloys"
9980:6 April 2017 at the
9763:10.1361/autb2001p351
9757:. pp. 351–416.
9746:Davis, J.R. (2001).
9555:7116 aluminium alloy
9550:7072 aluminium alloy
9399:2008 aluminium alloy
9381:6063 aluminium alloy
9376:6061 aluminium alloy
9371:5086 aluminium alloy
9366:5083 aluminium alloy
9361:5059 aluminium alloy
9356:5052 aluminium alloy
9018:(aluminium, silicon)
8123:9xx.x other elements
8108:4xx.x series silicon
5404:Universal, weldable
4359:Corrosion resistance
1601:2000 series (copper)
177:Bootie Folding Cycle
66:spelling differences
11417:"Aircraft aluminum"
11211:2021AcMat.20616617S
11162:2020AcMat.195..541S
10999:2003JOM....55b..35A
10800:on 22 December 2017
10736:on 22 December 2017
10704:on 22 December 2017
10672:on 22 December 2017
10514:2020Mate...13.5740A
10410:on 22 December 2017
10384:on 22 December 2017
10321:"POP® Micro Rivets"
10201:on 22 December 2017
10169:on 22 December 2017
10122:(SSC07 - III - 6).
10095:on 10 February 2007
9924:on 22 December 2017
9604:on 6 September 2015
9282:aerospace aluminium
9276:Note that the term
8979:(copper, aluminium)
8129:
8114:6xx.x unused series
8102:2xx.x series copper
5771:
5368:
4655:
3863:Extrusions, angles
3827:
3274:
3006:
2821:
1625:
718:Sheet, plate, foil
603:
40:, made in the 1990s
12724:Aluminium granules
11838:1000 series (pure)
11125:on 30 October 2007
11092:. EastonBike.com.
10523:10.3390/ma13245740
10012:10.3390/ma10020117
9278:aircraft aluminium
9102:Smith & Wesson
9066:
8127:
5769:
5366:
4653:
4639:7000 series (zinc)
4025:Sheet, automotive
3825:
3592:Universal, rivets
3484:Foil, rod, rivets
3306:Sheet, plate, rod
3272:
3004:
2819:
1623:
601:
398:Temper designation
386:Alloy designations
364:Galvanic corrosion
180:
161:ASTM International
145:galvanic corrosion
42:
12823:
12822:
12751:(aka R.R. alloys)
11477:Lynch Metals, Inc
11447:Lynch Metals, Inc
10970:978-0-9897906-0-4
10773:978-0-87170-685-0
10442:on 27 August 2017
10352:on 6 October 2017
10274:. 23 January 2019
10272:Lynch Metals, Inc
10235:978-0-87170-689-8
9390:Automotive alloys
8938:
8937:
8117:7xx.x series zinc
8080:
8079:
5762:
5761:
5378:Alloying elements
5349:
5348:
5314:Plate, aerospace
4955:Plate, aerospace
4665:Alloying elements
4636:
4635:
3837:Alloying elements
3804:
3803:
3284:Alloying elements
3251:
3250:
3016:Alloying elements
2987:
2986:
2831:Alloying elements
2808:are alloyed with
2798:
2797:
1635:Alloying elements
1595:
1594:
613:Alloying elements
453:-HX9 = extra hard
280:Chevrolet Corvair
157:SAE International
118:tensile strengths
16:(Redirected from
12848:
12836:Aluminium alloys
12810:Aluminium bronze
12785:Nickel aluminide
11821:Aluminium alloys
11797:Aluminium alloys
11790:
11783:
11776:
11767:
11766:
11710:
11664:
11663:
11661:
11659:
11640:
11634:
11631:
11625:
11622:
11616:
11613:
11607:
11604:
11598:
11597:
11590:
11584:
11583:
11581:
11579:
11573:
11556:
11545:
11539:
11526:
11520:
11519:
11510:(5): 3085–3091.
11499:
11493:
11492:
11490:
11488:
11469:
11463:
11462:
11460:
11458:
11439:
11433:
11432:
11430:
11428:
11412:
11406:
11405:
11403:
11401:
11386:
11380:
11377:
11371:
11357:
11351:
11350:
11340:
11322:
11307:Advanced Science
11298:
11292:
11291:
11289:
11271:
11256:Advanced Science
11247:
11241:
11240:
11222:
11190:
11184:
11183:
11173:
11141:
11135:
11134:
11132:
11130:
11115:
11109:
11108:
11106:
11104:
11098:
11091:
11083:
11077:
11076:
11056:
11050:
11049:
11025:
11019:
11018:
10982:
10973:
10960:Parker, Dana T.
10958:
10952:
10949:
10943:
10942:
10922:
10916:
10909:
10900:
10899:
10897:
10895:
10880:
10871:
10866:
10860:
10857:
10851:
10846:
10840:
10839:
10837:
10835:
10826:. Archived from
10816:
10810:
10809:
10807:
10805:
10799:
10793:. Archived from
10792:
10784:
10778:
10777:
10755:
10746:
10745:
10743:
10741:
10735:
10729:. Archived from
10728:
10720:
10714:
10713:
10711:
10709:
10703:
10697:. Archived from
10696:
10688:
10682:
10681:
10679:
10677:
10671:
10665:. Archived from
10664:
10656:
10650:
10649:
10647:
10645:
10640:on 10 March 2022
10639:
10633:. Archived from
10632:
10624:
10618:
10613:
10607:
10606:
10604:
10602:
10590:
10584:
10583:
10581:
10579:
10552:
10546:
10545:
10535:
10525:
10493:
10487:
10486:
10458:
10452:
10451:
10449:
10447:
10441:
10435:. Archived from
10434:
10426:
10420:
10419:
10417:
10415:
10406:. Archived from
10400:
10394:
10393:
10391:
10389:
10383:
10377:. Archived from
10376:
10368:
10362:
10361:
10359:
10357:
10348:. Archived from
10342:
10336:
10331:
10325:
10324:
10317:
10311:
10310:
10290:
10284:
10283:
10281:
10279:
10264:
10258:
10246:
10240:
10239:
10217:
10211:
10210:
10208:
10206:
10200:
10194:. Archived from
10193:
10185:
10179:
10178:
10176:
10174:
10168:
10162:. Archived from
10161:
10153:
10147:
10142:
10136:
10135:
10133:
10131:
10111:
10105:
10104:
10102:
10100:
10085:
10079:
10066:
10060:
10059:
10057:
10055:
10041:
10035:
10034:
10024:
10014:
9990:
9984:
9972:
9966:
9965:
9963:
9961:
9955:
9948:
9940:
9934:
9933:
9931:
9929:
9923:
9917:. Archived from
9916:
9908:
9902:
9901:
9894:
9888:
9886:
9868:
9862:
9856:
9805:
9804:
9797:
9791:
9790:
9784:
9776:
9752:
9743:
9737:
9736:
9734:
9732:
9717:
9711:
9710:
9692:
9686:
9685:
9683:
9681:
9672:. Archived from
9666:
9660:
9643:
9637:
9620:
9614:
9613:
9611:
9609:
9603:
9597:. Archived from
9596:
9587:
9581:
9574:
9449:A356.0 aluminium
9056:Aerospace alloys
8130:
8120:8xx.x series tin
8092:British Standard
5772:
5768:
5758:electrical wire
5369:
5365:
5363:are an example.
4656:
4652:
3828:
3824:
3275:
3271:
3007:
3003:
2822:
2818:
1626:
1622:
604:
600:
450:-HX8 = full hard
330:Household wiring
196:tensile strength
21:
12856:
12855:
12851:
12850:
12849:
12847:
12846:
12845:
12826:
12825:
12824:
12819:
12800:Al-Ca composite
12739:Devarda's alloy
12682:
12613:
12484:
12345:
12231:
12182:
12133:
11954:
11830:
11816:Aluminum powder
11799:
11794:
11722:
11699:
11673:
11668:
11667:
11657:
11655:
11650:. 1 July 2011.
11642:
11641:
11637:
11632:
11628:
11623:
11619:
11614:
11610:
11605:
11601:
11592:
11591:
11587:
11577:
11575:
11571:
11565:
11554:
11546:
11542:
11527:
11523:
11500:
11496:
11486:
11484:
11471:
11470:
11466:
11456:
11454:
11441:
11440:
11436:
11426:
11424:
11413:
11409:
11399:
11397:
11388:
11387:
11383:
11378:
11374:
11358:
11354:
11313:(22): 2002397.
11299:
11295:
11262:(22): 2070126.
11248:
11244:
11199:Acta Materialia
11191:
11187:
11150:Acta Materialia
11142:
11138:
11128:
11126:
11117:
11116:
11112:
11102:
11100:
11096:
11089:
11085:
11084:
11080:
11061:Metal Finishing
11057:
11053:
11042:
11026:
11022:
10983:
10976:
10959:
10955:
10950:
10946:
10939:
10923:
10919:
10910:
10903:
10893:
10891:
10882:
10881:
10874:
10867:
10863:
10858:
10854:
10847:
10843:
10833:
10831:
10818:
10817:
10813:
10803:
10801:
10797:
10790:
10786:
10785:
10781:
10774:
10756:
10749:
10739:
10737:
10733:
10726:
10722:
10721:
10717:
10707:
10705:
10701:
10694:
10690:
10689:
10685:
10675:
10673:
10669:
10662:
10658:
10657:
10653:
10643:
10641:
10637:
10630:
10626:
10625:
10621:
10614:
10610:
10600:
10598:
10591:
10587:
10577:
10575:
10553:
10549:
10494:
10490:
10459:
10455:
10445:
10443:
10439:
10432:
10428:
10427:
10423:
10413:
10411:
10402:
10401:
10397:
10387:
10385:
10381:
10374:
10370:
10369:
10365:
10355:
10353:
10344:
10343:
10339:
10332:
10328:
10319:
10318:
10314:
10291:
10287:
10277:
10275:
10266:
10265:
10261:
10256:Wayback Machine
10247:
10243:
10236:
10218:
10214:
10204:
10202:
10198:
10191:
10187:
10186:
10182:
10172:
10170:
10166:
10159:
10155:
10154:
10150:
10143:
10139:
10129:
10127:
10112:
10108:
10098:
10096:
10087:
10086:
10082:
10076:Wayback Machine
10067:
10063:
10053:
10051:
10043:
10042:
10038:
9991:
9987:
9982:Wayback Machine
9973:
9969:
9959:
9957:
9953:
9946:
9942:
9941:
9937:
9927:
9925:
9921:
9914:
9910:
9909:
9905:
9896:
9895:
9891:
9883:
9869:
9865:
9857:
9808:
9799:
9798:
9794:
9778:
9777:
9773:
9750:
9744:
9740:
9730:
9728:
9719:
9718:
9714:
9707:
9693:
9689:
9679:
9677:
9676:on 15 June 2009
9668:
9667:
9663:
9658:Wayback Machine
9644:
9640:
9634:Wayback Machine
9621:
9617:
9607:
9605:
9601:
9594:
9588:
9584:
9576:I. J. Polmear,
9575:
9568:
9563:
9546:
9523:
9491:
9487:
9436:formed sheets,
9392:
9349:
9127:
9117:emitted by the
9110:
9069:Titanium alloys
9058:
9053:
8943:
8085:
8075:
5767:
5354:
5190:Heat-treatable
5011:7075 & 7175
4641:
4632:Heat-treatable
4446:Heat-treatable
4327:Heat-treatable
4281:Heat-treatable
4254:Heat-treatable
4165:Heat-treatable
4134:Heat-treatable
4052:Heat-treatable
3809:
3575:5154 & 5254
3440:5052 & 5652
3293:5005 & 5657
3256:
2992:
2803:
1603:
592:
583:
465:
447:-HX6 = 3/4 hard
444:-HX4 = 1/2 hard
441:-HX2 = 1/4 hard
409:
400:
388:
338:
332:
303:
236:elastic modulus
232:
169:
137:aluminium oxide
46:aluminium alloy
28:
23:
22:
18:Aluminum alloys
15:
12:
11:
5:
12854:
12844:
12843:
12838:
12821:
12820:
12818:
12817:
12812:
12807:
12802:
12797:
12792:
12787:
12782:
12777:
12775:Magnox (alloy)
12772:
12767:
12762:
12757:
12752:
12746:
12741:
12736:
12731:
12726:
12721:
12716:
12711:
12706:
12701:
12696:
12690:
12688:
12684:
12683:
12681:
12680:
12675:
12670:
12665:
12660:
12655:
12650:
12645:
12640:
12635:
12630:
12624:
12622:
12615:
12614:
12612:
12611:
12606:
12601:
12596:
12591:
12586:
12581:
12576:
12571:
12566:
12561:
12556:
12551:
12546:
12541:
12536:
12531:
12526:
12521:
12516:
12511:
12506:
12501:
12495:
12493:
12486:
12485:
12483:
12482:
12477:
12472:
12467:
12462:
12457:
12452:
12447:
12442:
12437:
12432:
12427:
12422:
12417:
12412:
12407:
12402:
12397:
12392:
12387:
12382:
12377:
12372:
12367:
12356:
12354:
12347:
12346:
12344:
12343:
12338:
12333:
12328:
12323:
12318:
12313:
12308:
12303:
12298:
12293:
12288:
12283:
12278:
12273:
12268:
12263:
12258:
12253:
12248:
12242:
12240:
12233:
12232:
12230:
12229:
12224:
12219:
12214:
12209:
12204:
12199:
12193:
12191:
12184:
12183:
12181:
12180:
12175:
12170:
12165:
12160:
12155:
12150:
12144:
12142:
12135:
12134:
12132:
12131:
12126:
12121:
12116:
12111:
12106:
12101:
12096:
12091:
12086:
12081:
12076:
12071:
12066:
12061:
12056:
12051:
12046:
12041:
12036:
12031:
12026:
12021:
12016:
12011:
12006:
12001:
11996:
11991:
11986:
11981:
11976:
11971:
11965:
11963:
11956:
11955:
11953:
11952:
11947:
11942:
11937:
11932:
11927:
11922:
11917:
11912:
11907:
11902:
11897:
11892:
11887:
11882:
11877:
11872:
11867:
11862:
11857:
11852:
11847:
11841:
11839:
11832:
11831:
11829:
11828:
11823:
11818:
11813:
11807:
11805:
11801:
11800:
11793:
11792:
11785:
11778:
11770:
11764:
11763:
11758:
11753:
11748:
11743:
11738:
11733:
11728:
11721:
11720:External links
11718:
11717:
11716:
11711:
11697:
11672:
11669:
11666:
11665:
11635:
11626:
11617:
11608:
11599:
11585:
11563:
11540:
11521:
11494:
11464:
11434:
11407:
11381:
11372:
11352:
11293:
11242:
11185:
11136:
11110:
11078:
11051:
11040:
11020:
10974:
10953:
10944:
10937:
10917:
10901:
10872:
10861:
10852:
10841:
10811:
10779:
10772:
10747:
10715:
10683:
10651:
10619:
10608:
10585:
10567:(2): 271–276.
10547:
10488:
10453:
10421:
10395:
10363:
10337:
10326:
10312:
10285:
10259:
10241:
10234:
10212:
10180:
10148:
10137:
10106:
10080:
10061:
10049:www.matweb.com
10036:
9985:
9967:
9935:
9903:
9889:
9881:
9863:
9806:
9792:
9771:
9738:
9712:
9705:
9687:
9661:
9638:
9615:
9582:
9580:, Arnold, 1995
9565:
9564:
9562:
9559:
9558:
9557:
9552:
9545:
9542:
9530:6351 aluminium
9526:6061 aluminium
9522:
9519:
9489:
9485:
9470:cylinder heads
9434:5754 aluminium
9430:5182 aluminium
9423:5456 aluminium
9395:6111 aluminium
9391:
9388:
9384:
9383:
9378:
9373:
9368:
9363:
9358:
9348:
9345:
9344:
9343:
9341:7475 aluminium
9338:
9336:7150 aluminium
9333:
9331:7055 aluminium
9328:
9326:7050 aluminium
9323:
9321:6013 aluminium
9318:
9316:2324 aluminium
9313:
9311:2124 aluminium
9308:
9306:2090 aluminium
9296:6063 aluminium
9274:
9273:
9268:
9223:
9202:
9197:
9140:
9126:
9123:
9109:
9106:
9100:U.S. gunmaker
9057:
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9052:
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9048:
9047:
9029:
9019:
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9007:
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8996:
8986:
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8611:
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8325:
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8311:
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8280:
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8260:
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8232:
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8219:
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8215:
8212:
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8115:
8112:
8109:
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8084:
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8077:
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8056:
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8026:
8021:
8016:
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8006:
8001:
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7987:
7986:
7983:
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7912:
7909:
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7900:
7897:
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7890:
7887:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7866:
7863:
7860:
7857:
7854:
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7839:
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7817:
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7809:
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7800:
7797:
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7753:
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7738:
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7734:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7724:
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7720:
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7712:
7709:
7706:
7703:
7700:
7697:
7694:
7688:
7687:
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7681:
7678:
7676:
7674:
7672:
7670:
7668:
7666:
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7661:
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7655:
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7639:
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7616:
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7610:
7607:
7604:
7601:
7598:
7592:
7591:
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7582:
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7554:
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7527:
7525:
7523:
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7509:
7506:
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7500:
7497:
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7490:
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7479:
7477:
7475:
7473:
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7464:
7461:
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7455:
7452:
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7443:
7442:
7439:
7436:
7433:
7431:
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7427:
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7417:
7415:
7412:
7409:
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7403:
7400:
7394:
7393:
7390:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7363:
7360:
7357:
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7351:
7348:
7342:
7341:
7338:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7328:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7313:
7310:
7307:
7304:
7301:
7298:
7292:
7291:
7288:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7278:
7276:
7274:
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7269:
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7260:
7257:
7254:
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7248:
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7235:
7232:
7230:
7228:
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7224:
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7210:
7207:
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7185:
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7163:
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7142:
7141:
7138:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7128:
7126:
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7121:
7119:
7116:
7113:
7110:
7107:
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7101:
7098:
7092:
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7057:
7054:
7051:
7048:
7042:
7041:
7038:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7028:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7013:
7010:
7007:
7004:
7001:
6998:
6992:
6991:
6988:
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6982:
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6978:
6976:
6974:
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6963:
6960:
6957:
6954:
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6932:
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6928:
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6916:
6913:
6910:
6907:
6904:
6901:
6898:
6892:
6891:
6888:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6878:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6863:
6860:
6857:
6854:
6851:
6848:
6842:
6841:
6838:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6828:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6813:
6810:
6807:
6804:
6801:
6798:
6792:
6791:
6788:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6778:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6763:
6760:
6757:
6754:
6751:
6748:
6742:
6741:
6738:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6728:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6713:
6710:
6707:
6704:
6701:
6698:
6692:
6691:
6688:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6678:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6663:
6660:
6657:
6654:
6651:
6648:
6642:
6641:
6638:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6628:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6613:
6610:
6607:
6604:
6601:
6598:
6592:
6591:
6588:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6578:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6563:
6560:
6557:
6554:
6551:
6548:
6542:
6541:
6538:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6528:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6513:
6510:
6507:
6504:
6501:
6498:
6492:
6491:
6488:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6478:
6476:
6474:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6464:
6461:
6458:
6455:
6452:
6449:
6443:
6442:
6439:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6429:
6427:
6425:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6415:
6412:
6409:
6406:
6403:
6400:
6394:
6393:
6390:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6380:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6360:
6357:
6354:
6351:
6345:
6344:
6341:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6331:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6309:
6306:
6303:
6297:
6296:
6293:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6283:
6281:
6279:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6264:
6261:
6258:
6255:
6249:
6248:
6245:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6235:
6233:
6231:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6214:
6211:
6208:
6202:
6201:
6198:
6195:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6166:
6163:
6160:
6157:
6151:
6150:
6147:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6137:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6122:
6119:
6116:
6113:
6110:
6107:
6101:
6100:
6097:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6087:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6072:
6069:
6066:
6063:
6060:
6057:
6051:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6016:
6013:
6010:
6007:
6001:
6000:
5997:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5987:
5985:
5983:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5966:
5963:
5957:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5945:
5942:
5939:
5936:
5933:
5930:
5927:
5924:
5921:
5918:
5915:
5912:
5909:
5903:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5890:
5888:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5871:
5868:
5865:
5862:
5856:
5855:
5852:
5848:
5847:
5844:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5766:
5763:
5760:
5759:
5756:
5746:
5743:
5737:
5736:
5734:
5692:
5690:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5639:
5637:
5631:
5630:
5628:
5586:
5584:
5578:
5577:
5574:
5564:
5561:
5555:
5554:
5552:
5514:
5512:
5506:
5505:
5502:
5488:
5485:
5479:
5478:
5475:
5465:
5462:
5456:
5455:
5454:Work-hardened
5452:
5442:
5439:
5433:
5432:
5429:
5415:
5412:
5406:
5405:
5402:
5392:
5389:
5383:
5382:
5381:Uses and refs
5379:
5376:
5373:
5353:
5350:
5347:
5346:
5343:
5325:
5322:
5316:
5315:
5312:
5294:
5291:
5285:
5284:
5281:
5263:
5260:
5254:
5253:
5250:
5228:
5225:
5219:
5218:
5215:
5201:
5198:
5192:
5191:
5188:
5174:
5171:
5165:
5164:
5161:
5139:
5136:
5130:
5129:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5115:
5114:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5100:
5099:
5096:
5082:
5079:
5073:
5072:
5069:
5047:
5044:
5038:
5037:
5034:
5016:
5013:
5007:
5006:
5003:
4997:
4994:
4988:
4987:
4984:
4966:
4963:
4957:
4956:
4953:
4935:
4932:
4926:
4925:
4922:
4904:
4901:
4895:
4894:
4891:
4873:
4870:
4864:
4863:
4860:
4842:
4839:
4833:
4832:
4829:
4811:
4808:
4802:
4801:
4798:
4784:
4781:
4775:
4774:
4771:
4749:
4746:
4740:
4739:
4736:
4718:
4715:
4709:
4708:
4705:
4679:
4676:
4670:
4669:
4668:Uses and refs
4666:
4663:
4660:
4640:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4630:
4604:
4601:
4595:
4594:
4591:
4581:
4578:
4572:
4571:
4568:
4554:
4551:
4545:
4544:
4541:
4515:
4512:
4506:
4505:
4502:
4480:
4477:
4471:
4470:
4467:
4457:
4454:
4448:
4447:
4444:
4434:
4431:
4425:
4424:
4421:
4407:
4404:
4398:
4397:
4394:
4372:
4369:
4363:
4362:
4352:
4338:
4335:
4329:
4328:
4325:
4315:
4312:
4306:
4305:
4302:
4292:
4289:
4283:
4282:
4279:
4265:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4252:
4238:
4235:
4229:
4228:
4225:
4207:
4204:
4198:
4197:
4194:
4176:
4173:
4167:
4166:
4163:
4145:
4142:
4136:
4135:
4132:
4118:
4115:
4109:
4108:
4105:
4095:
4092:
4085:
4084:
4081:
4063:
4060:
4054:
4053:
4050:
4036:
4033:
4027:
4026:
4023:
4001:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3988:
3970:
3967:
3961:
3960:
3957:
3939:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3908:
3905:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3874:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3861:
3851:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3840:Uses and refs
3838:
3835:
3832:
3808:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3798:
3784:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3771:
3757:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3744:
3730:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3717:
3703:
3700:
3694:
3693:
3690:
3676:
3673:
3667:
3666:
3665:Rod, MIG wire
3663:
3645:
3642:
3636:
3635:
3632:
3626:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3613:
3603:
3600:
3594:
3593:
3590:
3580:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3567:
3553:
3550:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3526:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3513:
3495:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3482:
3468:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3455:
3445:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3432:
3426:
3423:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3392:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3379:
3361:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3339:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3317:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3304:
3298:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3287:Uses and refs
3285:
3282:
3279:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3245:
3227:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3214:
3204:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3191:
3165:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3146:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3115:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3104:Work-hardened
3102:
3088:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3077:Work-hardened
3075:
3053:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3030:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3019:Uses and refs
3017:
3014:
3011:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2981:
2975:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2952:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2941:Work-hardened
2939:
2933:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2922:Work-hardened
2920:
2914:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2903:Work-hardened
2901:
2891:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2878:
2868:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2845:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2834:Uses and refs
2832:
2829:
2826:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2766:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2739:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2704:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2669:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2656:
2642:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2592:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2543:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2528:
2506:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2467:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2403:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2349:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2322:
2296:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2269:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2230:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2176:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2127:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2093:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2039:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2009:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1982:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1951:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1908:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1881:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1854:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1819:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1792:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1761:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1730:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1699:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1672:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1649:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1638:Uses and refs
1636:
1633:
1630:
1602:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1552:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1495:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1422:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1407:
1365:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1346:
1292:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1223:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1170:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1151:
1109:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1052:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1041:
983:
981:
975:
974:
972:
930:
928:
922:
921:
918:
896:
893:
887:
886:
883:
869:
866:
860:
859:
856:
853:
850:
844:
843:
840:
837:
834:
828:
827:
821:
783:
781:
775:
774:
772:
745:
742:
736:
735:
732:
729:
726:
720:
719:
716:
713:
710:
704:
703:
697:
675:
672:
666:
665:
662:
659:
656:
650:
649:
646:
643:
640:
634:
633:
630:
627:
624:
618:
617:
616:Uses and refs
614:
611:
608:
591:
588:
582:
581:Wrought alloys
579:
568:
567:
561:
555:
549:
543:
542:
541:
529:
528:
527:
521:
520:
519:
513:
495:
489:
483:
477:
459:
458:
457:
456:
455:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
427:
421:
399:
396:
387:
384:
368:
367:
361:
354:
336:Aluminium wire
334:Main article:
331:
328:
302:
299:
276:cylinder heads
231:
228:
168:
165:
110:heat-treatable
58:aluminum alloy
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12853:
12842:
12839:
12837:
12834:
12833:
12831:
12816:
12813:
12811:
12808:
12806:
12803:
12801:
12798:
12796:
12793:
12791:
12788:
12786:
12783:
12781:
12778:
12776:
12773:
12771:
12768:
12766:
12763:
12761:
12758:
12756:
12753:
12750:
12747:
12745:
12742:
12740:
12737:
12735:
12732:
12730:
12727:
12725:
12722:
12720:
12717:
12715:
12712:
12710:
12707:
12705:
12702:
12700:
12697:
12695:
12692:
12691:
12689:
12685:
12679:
12676:
12674:
12671:
12669:
12666:
12664:
12661:
12659:
12656:
12654:
12651:
12649:
12646:
12644:
12641:
12639:
12636:
12634:
12631:
12629:
12626:
12625:
12623:
12620:
12616:
12610:
12607:
12605:
12602:
12600:
12597:
12595:
12592:
12590:
12587:
12585:
12582:
12580:
12577:
12575:
12572:
12570:
12567:
12565:
12562:
12560:
12557:
12555:
12552:
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12547:
12545:
12542:
12540:
12537:
12535:
12532:
12530:
12527:
12525:
12522:
12520:
12517:
12515:
12512:
12510:
12507:
12505:
12502:
12500:
12497:
12496:
12494:
12491:
12487:
12481:
12478:
12476:
12473:
12471:
12468:
12466:
12463:
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12456:
12453:
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12443:
12441:
12438:
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12428:
12426:
12423:
12421:
12418:
12416:
12413:
12411:
12408:
12406:
12403:
12401:
12398:
12396:
12393:
12391:
12388:
12386:
12383:
12381:
12378:
12376:
12373:
12371:
12368:
12365:
12361:
12358:
12357:
12355:
12352:
12348:
12342:
12339:
12337:
12334:
12332:
12329:
12327:
12324:
12322:
12319:
12317:
12314:
12312:
12309:
12307:
12304:
12302:
12301:5154&5254
12299:
12297:
12294:
12292:
12289:
12287:
12284:
12282:
12279:
12277:
12276:5052&5652
12274:
12272:
12269:
12267:
12264:
12262:
12259:
12257:
12254:
12252:
12249:
12247:
12246:5005&5657
12244:
12243:
12241:
12238:
12234:
12228:
12225:
12223:
12220:
12218:
12215:
12213:
12210:
12208:
12205:
12203:
12200:
12198:
12195:
12194:
12192:
12189:
12185:
12179:
12176:
12174:
12171:
12169:
12168:3102&3303
12166:
12164:
12161:
12159:
12156:
12154:
12151:
12149:
12146:
12145:
12143:
12140:
12136:
12130:
12127:
12125:
12122:
12120:
12117:
12115:
12112:
12110:
12107:
12105:
12102:
12100:
12099:2224&2324
12097:
12095:
12092:
12090:
12087:
12085:
12082:
12080:
12077:
12075:
12072:
12070:
12067:
12065:
12062:
12060:
12057:
12055:
12052:
12050:
12047:
12045:
12042:
12040:
12037:
12035:
12032:
12030:
12027:
12025:
12022:
12020:
12017:
12015:
12012:
12010:
12007:
12005:
12002:
12000:
11997:
11995:
11992:
11990:
11987:
11985:
11982:
11980:
11977:
11975:
11972:
11970:
11967:
11966:
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11951:
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11928:
11926:
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11913:
11911:
11908:
11906:
11903:
11901:
11898:
11896:
11893:
11891:
11888:
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11883:
11881:
11878:
11876:
11873:
11871:
11868:
11866:
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11851:
11848:
11846:
11843:
11842:
11840:
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11833:
11827:
11824:
11822:
11819:
11817:
11814:
11812:
11809:
11808:
11806:
11802:
11798:
11791:
11786:
11784:
11779:
11777:
11772:
11771:
11768:
11762:
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11757:
11754:
11752:
11749:
11747:
11744:
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11739:
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11727:
11724:
11723:
11715:
11712:
11708:
11704:
11700:
11698:9781498737173
11694:
11690:
11686:
11682:
11681:
11675:
11674:
11653:
11649:
11645:
11639:
11630:
11621:
11612:
11603:
11595:
11589:
11570:
11566:
11564:0-87170-689-X
11560:
11553:
11552:
11544:
11538:
11537:0-07-050426-1
11534:
11530:
11525:
11517:
11513:
11509:
11505:
11498:
11482:
11478:
11474:
11468:
11452:
11448:
11444:
11438:
11422:
11418:
11411:
11395:
11391:
11385:
11376:
11369:
11368:0-13-339060-8
11365:
11361:
11356:
11348:
11344:
11339:
11334:
11330:
11326:
11321:
11316:
11312:
11308:
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11114:
11095:
11088:
11082:
11074:
11070:
11066:
11062:
11055:
11047:
11043:
11041:0-8247-5049-7
11037:
11033:
11032:
11024:
11016:
11012:
11008:
11004:
11000:
10996:
10992:
10988:
10981:
10979:
10971:
10967:
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10957:
10948:
10940:
10938:9781615030668
10934:
10930:
10929:
10921:
10914:
10908:
10906:
10890:. 20 May 2013
10889:
10888:AZO materials
10885:
10879:
10877:
10870:
10865:
10856:
10850:
10845:
10830:on 5 May 2014
10829:
10825:
10824:aluMATTER.org
10821:
10815:
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10484:
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9899:
9893:
9884:
9882:90-5699-089-6
9878:
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9774:
9772:0-87170-744-6
9768:
9764:
9760:
9756:
9749:
9742:
9726:
9722:
9716:
9708:
9706:0-471-65653-4
9702:
9698:
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9512:
9508:
9504:
9499:
9494:
9493:intermetallic
9483:
9479:
9475:
9474:turbochargers
9471:
9467:
9462:
9460:
9456:
9455:Engine blocks
9452:
9450:
9445:
9443:
9439:
9435:
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9374:
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9369:
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9364:
9362:
9359:
9357:
9354:
9353:
9352:
9347:Marine alloys
9342:
9339:
9337:
9334:
9332:
9329:
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9319:
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9091:baseball bats
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4773:plate, molds
4772:
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3624:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3614:
3611:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3588:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3568:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3456:
3453:
3449:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3430:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3328:
3325:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3246:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2928:3103&3303
2926:
2925:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2817:
2815:
2814:work hardened
2812:, and can be
2811:
2807:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2755:Plate, sheet
2754:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2693:Bar and wire
2692:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2637:2224&2324
2635:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1897:Sheet, plate
1896:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1598:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:0.0003–0.02;
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1471:0.0001–0.02;
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1406:0.0002–0.0003
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1268:0.005–0.001;
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1240:0.001–0.010;
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1187:0.001–0.010;
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1126:0.001–0.010;
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
984:
982:
980:
977:
976:
973:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
931:
929:
927:
924:
923:
919:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
897:
894:
892:
889:
888:
884:
881:
877:
873:
870:
867:
865:
862:
861:
857:
854:
851:
849:
846:
845:
841:
838:
835:
833:
830:
829:
825:
822:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
784:
782:
780:
777:
776:
773:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
743:
741:
738:
737:
733:
730:
727:
725:
722:
721:
717:
714:
711:
709:
706:
705:
702:
698:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
676:
673:
671:
668:
667:
663:
660:
657:
655:
652:
651:
647:
644:
641:
639:
636:
635:
631:
628:
625:
623:
620:
619:
615:
612:
609:
606:
605:
599:
597:
596:work hardened
587:
578:
574:
572:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
544:
539:
536:
535:
533:
530:
525:
522:
517:
514:
511:
508:
507:
505:
502:
501:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
472:
471:
470:
468:
463:
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
439:
437:
434:
433:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
415:
414:
412:
407:
403:
395:
391:
383:
381:
377:
372:
365:
362:
359:
355:
352:
348:
344:
343:
342:
337:
327:
324:
319:
316:
311:
307:
298:
296:
295:fatigue limit
292:
287:
285:
281:
277:
272:
268:
267:engine blocks
263:
261:
257:
252:
247:
245:
241:
237:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
178:
173:
164:
162:
158:
154:
149:
146:
142:
138:
133:
130:
125:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
39:
38:bicycle frame
34:
30:
19:
12687:Named alloys
11820:
11804:Introduction
11679:
11671:Bibliography
11656:. Retrieved
11647:
11638:
11629:
11620:
11611:
11602:
11588:
11576:. Retrieved
11550:
11543:
11528:
11524:
11507:
11503:
11497:
11485:. Retrieved
11476:
11467:
11455:. Retrieved
11446:
11437:
11425:. Retrieved
11410:
11398:. Retrieved
11384:
11375:
11359:
11355:
11310:
11306:
11296:
11259:
11255:
11245:
11202:
11198:
11188:
11153:
11149:
11139:
11127:. Retrieved
11123:the original
11113:
11101:. Retrieved
11081:
11064:
11060:
11054:
11030:
11023:
10990:
10986:
10961:
10956:
10947:
10927:
10920:
10912:
10892:. Retrieved
10887:
10864:
10855:
10844:
10832:. Retrieved
10828:the original
10823:
10814:
10802:. Retrieved
10795:the original
10782:
10763:
10738:. Retrieved
10731:the original
10718:
10706:. Retrieved
10699:the original
10686:
10674:. Retrieved
10667:the original
10654:
10642:. Retrieved
10635:the original
10622:
10611:
10599:. Retrieved
10588:
10576:. Retrieved
10564:
10560:
10550:
10508:(24): 5740.
10505:
10501:
10491:
10466:
10462:
10456:
10444:. Retrieved
10437:the original
10424:
10412:. Retrieved
10408:the original
10398:
10386:. Retrieved
10379:the original
10366:
10354:. Retrieved
10350:the original
10340:
10329:
10315:
10298:
10294:
10288:
10276:. Retrieved
10271:
10262:
10244:
10225:
10215:
10203:. Retrieved
10196:the original
10183:
10171:. Retrieved
10164:the original
10151:
10140:
10128:. Retrieved
10119:
10109:
10097:. Retrieved
10093:the original
10083:
10064:
10052:. Retrieved
10048:
10039:
10002:
9998:
9988:
9970:
9958:. Retrieved
9938:
9926:. Retrieved
9919:the original
9906:
9892:
9872:
9866:
9795:
9754:
9741:
9729:. Retrieved
9715:
9696:
9690:
9678:. Retrieved
9674:the original
9664:
9646:
9641:
9618:
9606:. Retrieved
9599:the original
9585:
9578:Light Alloys
9577:
9534:scuba diving
9524:
9463:
9453:
9446:
9444:extrusions.
9427:
9393:
9385:
9350:
9300:
9294:
9290:
9286:
9281:
9277:
9275:
9133:structures:
9128:
9111:
9099:
9088:
9073:
9067:
9051:Applications
8957:
8941:Named alloys
8086:
5543:0.005–0.02;
5355:
5005:Sheet, foil
4642:
4332:
3810:
3257:
2993:
2804:
1604:
1596:
1479:0.001–0.05;
1276:0.005–0.04;
1264:0.002–0.01;
1160:hydroplanes
779:1230 (VAD23)
593:
584:
575:
570:
569:
563:
557:
551:
545:
537:
531:
523:
515:
509:
503:
497:
491:
485:
479:
473:
466:
461:
460:
436:Second digit
435:
429:
423:
417:
410:
405:
404:
401:
392:
389:
373:
369:
345:The greater
339:
320:
312:
308:
304:
288:
264:
256:space frames
248:
244:steel alloys
238:of about 70
233:
181:
150:
134:
126:
57:
45:
43:
29:
12755:Hydronalium
12734:Birmabright
12619:8000 series
12492:7000 series
12353:6000 series
12239:5000 series
12190:4000 series
12141:3000 series
11962:2000 series
11156:: 541–554.
10804:19 December
10740:19 December
10708:19 December
10676:19 December
10644:25 November
10578:23 December
10446:19 December
10414:19 December
10388:19 December
10356:14 December
10301:: 178–192.
10205:19 December
10173:19 December
9928:19 December
9403:body panels
9040:R.R. alloys
8971:Birmabright
8083:Cast alloys
5523:0.06–0.25;
5357:8000 series
4707:Extrusions
4662:Al contents
4644:7000 series
4593:Extrusions
4570:Extrusions
4504:Extrusions
4304:Extrusions
4227:Extrusions
3834:Al contents
3812:6000 series
3800:Sheet, Rod
3281:Al contents
3259:5000 series
3013:Al contents
2995:4000 series
2828:Al contents
2806:3000 series
2617:0.05–0.15;
2609:0.10–0.50;
2560:0.10–0.50;
2530:Universal,
2420:0.10–0.50;
2324:Aerospace,
1632:Al contents
1606:2000 series
1585:0.04–0.15;
1581:0.04–0.20;
1569:0.003–0.5;
1532:0.08–0.10;
1528:0.08–0.10;
1524:1.55–1.70;
1520:0.01–0.03;
1516:0.35–0.45;
1512:0.20–0.30;
1508:3.25–3.45;
1504:0.03–0.10;
1500:0.03–0.08;
1475:0.05–0.10;
1467:0.05–0.12;
1459:0.05–0.15;
1447:0.01–0.05;
1402:0.05–0.14;
1394:0.08–0.13;
1386:0.01–0.05;
1374:0.03–0.15;
1337:0.008–0.1;
1333:0.08–0.14;
1325:0.01–0.06;
1272:0.05–0.15;
1260:0.04–0.16;
1252:0.01–0.15;
1207:0.04–0.16;
1199:0.01–0.15;
1195:0.01–0.07;
1146:0.04–0.16;
1138:0.02–0.10;
1134:0.01–0.07;
1061:0.03–0.15;
1020:0.08–0.14;
967:0.05–0.08;
755:) 1.0 max;
699:Universal,
680:0.05–0.20,
610:Al contents
378:the short "
323:RM-81 Agena
224:helicopters
208:weldability
12830:Categories
12749:Hiduminium
11578:9 November
11205:: 116617.
11129:20 October
10130:6 December
10099:6 December
10089:"Falcon 9"
10005:(2): 117.
9960:25 October
9651:Online ed.
9608:1 December
9561:References
9482:dysprosium
9459:crankcases
9036:Hiduminium
8926:18.0 (124)
8923:24.0 (165)
8903:17.0 (117)
8883:16.0 (110)
8866:45.0 (310)
8863:48.0 (331)
8852:35.0 (241)
8849:42.0 (290)
8838:30.0 (207)
8835:36.0 (248)
8824:27.0 (186)
8821:32.0 (221)
8810:38.0 (262)
8807:42.0 (290)
8790:22.0 (152)
8787:32.0 (221)
8770:25.0 (172)
8767:34.0 (234)
8750:20.0 (138)
8747:32.0 (221)
8730:30.0 (207)
8727:37.0 (255)
8710:17.0 (117)
8707:30.0 (207)
8690:18.0 (124)
8687:35.0 (241)
8670:22.0 (152)
8667:42.0 (290)
8647:22.0 (152)
8627:17.0 (117)
8607:17.0 (117)
8587:17.0 (117)
8570:26.0 (179)
8567:35.0 (241)
8556:24.0 (165)
8553:34.0 (234)
8536:18.0 (124)
8533:25.0 (172)
8522:16.0 (110)
8519:23.0 (159)
8505:31.0 (214)
8494:20.0 (138)
8491:30.0 (207)
8477:19.0 (131)
8460:25.0 (172)
8457:36.0 (248)
8440:22.0 (152)
8437:30.0 (207)
8426:18.0 (124)
8423:25.0 (172)
8412:20.0 (138)
8409:32.0 (221)
8392:21.0 (145)
8389:34.0 (234)
8375:25.0 (172)
8358:20.0 (138)
8355:31.0 (214)
8341:25.0 (172)
8327:23.0 (159)
8310:16.0 (110)
8307:29.0 (200)
8296:28.0 (193)
8293:36.0 (248)
8282:20.0 (138)
8279:32.0 (221)
8265:29.0 (200)
8245:29.0 (200)
8228:20.0 (138)
8225:32.0 (221)
8211:23.0 (159)
8194:28.0 (193)
8191:45.0 (310)
8174:50.0 (345)
8171:60.0 (414)
8133:Alloy type
7985:remainder
7939:remainder
7889:remainder
7837:remainder
7786:remainder
7736:remainder
7686:remainder
7641:remainder
7590:remainder
7540:remainder
7489:remainder
7441:remainder
7392:remainder
7340:remainder
7290:remainder
7240:remainder
7190:remainder
7140:remainder
7090:remainder
7040:remainder
6990:remainder
6940:remainder
6890:remainder
6840:remainder
6790:remainder
6740:remainder
6690:remainder
6640:remainder
6590:remainder
6540:remainder
6490:remainder
6441:remainder
6392:remainder
6343:remainder
6295:remainder
6247:remainder
6200:remainder
6149:remainder
6099:remainder
6049:99.99 min
5965:0.95 Si+Fe
5765:Mixed list
5660:0.50–1.2;
5504:Aerospace
5477:universal
5375:Al content
5252:Aerospace
5163:Aerospace
4738:Aerospace
4543:Universal
4396:Aerospace
4196:Universal
4091:& 646g
3820:6061 alloy
3719:Universal
3692:Universal
3434:Universal
3263:5083 alloy
2393:Extrusion
2382:0.25–0.6;
2370:0.25–0.8;
2328:, and the
2258:Aerospace
2209:0.25–0.6;
2197:0.25–0.8;
2144:0.10–0.6;
2117:Aerospace
2072:0.25–0.6;
2060:0.25–0.8;
1998:Aerospace
1971:Aerospace
1781:Aerospace
1750:Aerospace
1719:Universal
1688:Universal
1661:Aerospace
1463:1.5–1.95;
1443:0.05–0.6;
1435:2.5–2.95;
1431:0.01–0.1;
1345:0.005–0.05
1248:0.01–0.1;
1211:0.002–0.01
1093:0.05–0.2;
1089:0.10–0.2;
1081:0.02–0.1;
1057:0.02–0.1;
1028:0.01–0.1;
1024:0.02–0.1;
1012:0.01–0.1;
963:0.02–0.2;
959:0.07–0.1;
943:0.1–0.25;
920:Aerospace
885:Aerospace
767:0.10 max;
763:0.05 max;
759:0.05 max;
692:0.95 max,
688:0.05 max,
684:0.95 max,
648:Universal
271:crankcases
114:extrusions
12841:Aluminium
12780:MKM steel
12770:Magnalium
12744:Duralumin
11811:Aluminium
11707:943678703
11329:2198-3844
11278:2198-3844
11229:1359-6454
11180:1359-6454
11067:(4): 61.
10993:(2): 35.
10601:11 August
10502:Materials
10483:0924-0136
9999:Materials
9781:cite book
9511:magnesium
9478:neodymium
9131:aerospace
9005:Magnalium
8999:Pandalloy
8989:Lockalloy
8983:Hindalium
8977:Duralumin
8954:Schneider
8630:10.0 (69)
8378:14.0 (97)
8330:13.0 (90)
8268:13.0 (90)
7949:0.03–0.15
7914:0.18–0.28
7761:0.10–0.25
7755:0.10–0.30
7752:0.40–0.80
7711:0.18–0.28
7651:0.7 Si+Fe
7632:0.05–0.15
7618:7.30–8.30
7612:2.20–3.00
7606:1.60–2.40
7568:4.30–5.20
7565:0.10–0.30
7562:2.60–3.70
7559:0.10–0.40
7556:0.50–1.00
7531:0.08–0.20
7522:0.01–0.06
7514:0.06–0.20
7508:0.20–0.70
7365:0.04–0.14
7356:0.15–0.40
7156:0.15–0.40
7015:0.04–0.35
7006:0.15–0.40
6953:0.10–0.30
6765:0.05–0.20
6715:0.05–0.20
6673:0.06–0.20
6665:0.05–0.20
6662:4.50–5.50
6615:0.15–0.35
6612:3.10–3.90
6565:0.05–0.25
6515:0.05–0.25
6466:0.15–0.35
6314:0.05–0.40
6216:0.05–0.20
6191:0.10–0.25
6182:0.02–0.10
6179:0.05–0.15
6168:0.20–0.40
5999:99.0 min
5968:0.05–0.20
5955:99.6 min
5901:99.5 min
5733:0.04–0.14
5729:1.9–2.6;
5713:0.9–1.6;
5705:1.6–2.2;
5680:0.08–0.16
5676:2.4–2.8;
5652:1.0–1.6;
5627:0.04–0.16
5623:2.2–2.7;
5607:0.6–1.3;
5599:1.0–1.6;
5551:0.08–0.25
5547:3.4–4.2;
4423:Forgings
3269:as well.
3267:manganese
3135:Forgings
2810:manganese
2794:Forgings
2629:0.08–0.15
2625:1.1–1.7;
2605:2.5–3.1;
2580:0.08–0.15
2576:1.1–1.7;
2556:2.5–3.1;
2440:0.08–0.15
2436:1.3–1.7;
2416:2.5–3.1;
2390:0.08–0.16
2386:1.4–2.1;
2362:2.5–3.3;
2337:Falcon 1e
2217:0.04–0.18
2213:2.4–2.8;
2189:2.3–3.8;
2164:0.08–0.15
2160:1.2–1.8;
2140:2.5–3.1;
2080:0.04–0.18
2076:0.7–1.4;
2052:4.4–5.2;
1614:duralumin
1577:1.0–1.5;
1573:0.1–0.5;
1565:3.2–4.5;
1451:0.2–0.8;
1439:0.2–0.6;
1412:aircraft
1390:2.0–2.4;
1378:2.6–3.3;
1355:aircraft
1329:1.8–2.3;
1305:2.6–3.3;
1256:1.6–1.9;
1244:0.7–1.1;
1236:1.3–1.5;
1203:1.8–2.1;
1191:0.7–1.1;
1183:1.3–1.5;
1150:0.02–0.20
1142:1.8–2.1;
1130:0.7–1.1;
1122:1.5–1.8;
1085:2.1–2.6;
1073:0.6–1.1;
1065:1.2–1.9;
1036:0.2–0.4;
1016:1.5–1.9;
1008:0.5–0.7;
1004:2.3–3.0;
1000:0.3–0.5;
996:1.4–1.8;
955:1.5–1.8;
951:0.4–0.7;
947:4.7–5.2;
826:aircraft
816:0.9–1.4;
800:0.4–0.8;
796:4.8–5.8;
701:holloware
315:annealing
220:airplanes
212:corrosion
204:ductility
141:anodizing
86:manganese
82:magnesium
74:aluminium
72:in which
12815:AlSi10Mg
12351:Al-Mg-Si
11652:Archived
11569:Archived
11481:Archived
11451:Archived
11427:21 April
11421:Archived
11400:21 April
11394:Archived
11347:33240778
11094:Archived
11046:Archived
10760:"Cobalt"
10542:33339252
10252:Archived
10124:Archived
10072:Archived
10054:24 March
10031:28772481
9978:Archived
9951:Archived
9887:Table 49
9725:Archived
9654:Archived
9630:Archived
9544:See also
9540:alloys.
9095:lacrosse
8950:Alferium
8650:9.0 (62)
8610:6.0 (41)
8590:7.0 (48)
8480:9.5 (66)
7952:0.40–1.0
7853:0.50–0.9
7802:0.50–1.1
7463:0.45–0.9
7451:0.20–0.6
7414:0.40–0.8
7411:0.40–0.8
7381:0.40–0.7
7376:0.40–0.7
7350:0.40–0.8
7300:0.40–0.8
7262:0.45–0.8
7212:0.60–1.2
7209:0.40–1.0
7162:0.50–1.2
7159:0.40–1.0
7062:0.45–0.9
7050:0.20–0.6
7000:0.40–0.8
6962:0.35–0.6
6950:0.30–0.6
6912:0.40–0.7
6900:0.50–0.9
6862:0.40–0.6
6759:0.50–1.0
6709:0.50–1.0
6559:0.20–0.7
6509:0.40–1.0
6118:0.30–0.9
6071:0.20–0.8
6068:0.40–1.2
6059:0.50–1.2
3816:weldable
2333:Falcon 9
1589:0.15–0.6
1040:0.05–0.1
820:0.1–0.25
744:99.0 max
262:design.
68:) is an
12795:Y alloy
12699:AlBeMet
12621:(misc.)
11658:18 June
11487:24 July
11457:24 July
11338:7675061
11287:7675044
11237:3683513
11207:Bibcode
11158:Bibcode
11103:3 April
11015:8956425
10995:Bibcode
10894:22 June
10533:7766180
10510:Bibcode
10278:25 June
10022:5459132
9731:17 July
9680:26 July
9405:, with
9032:Y alloy
9022:Titanal
9016:Silumin
8058:Limits
7917:6.3–7.3
7911:2.4–3.1
7905:1.6–2.4
7865:4.2–5.2
7859:1.3–2.0
7813:4.2–5.2
7808:0.8–1.4
7764:3.8–4.8
7758:2.9–3.7
7714:5.1–6.1
7708:2.1–2.9
7702:1.2–2.0
7665:0.8–1.3
7517:4.0–5.0
7511:1.0–1.8
7402:0.7–1.3
7362:0.8–1.2
7312:0.7–1.1
7250:0.6–1.0
7200:0.7–1.3
7150:1.0–1.7
7112:0.8–1.4
7109:0.6–1.1
7106:0.7–1.2
7100:0.9–1.8
7012:0.8–1.2
6850:0.6–0.9
6812:2.6–3.6
6762:4.7–5.5
6712:2.4–3.0
6562:3.5–4.5
6512:4.0–4.9
6463:2.2–2.8
6414:0.5–1.1
6353:4.5–6.0
6269:0.8–1.3
6266:1.0–1.5
6219:1.0–1.5
6165:5.8–6.8
6121:1.2–1.8
6115:3.8–4.9
6065:3.9–5.0
5843:Limits
2999:silumin
1398:0.002;
1341:0.002;
1032:0.003;
380:pigtail
291:fatigue
284:threads
278:of the
260:unibody
200:density
106:casting
90:silicon
12760:Italma
12729:Alusil
12719:Alumel
12709:Alnico
12704:Alclad
11705:
11695:
11561:
11535:
11366:
11345:
11335:
11327:
11284:
11276:
11235:
11227:
11178:
11038:
11013:
10968:
10935:
10770:
10540:
10530:
10481:
10232:
10029:
10019:
9879:
9769:
9703:
9515:copper
9507:nickel
9466:cerium
9084:MiG-29
9080:MiG-21
9010:Magnox
8965:Alclad
8917:A08520
8897:A08510
8877:A08500
8801:A07710
8781:A07130
8761:A07120
8741:A07100
8721:A07070
8701:A07050
8681:A05350
8661:A05200
8641:A05140
8621:A05120
8601:A24430
8598:B443.0
8581:A04430
8547:A13560
8544:A356.0
8471:A03560
8451:A33550
8448:C355.0
8403:A03550
8369:A03280
8321:A03190
8259:A02950
8239:A12420
8236:A242.0
8205:A02420
8185:A02040
8165:A02010
8136:Temper
8069:Total
7990:Alloy
5854:Total
5775:Alloy
5725:0.10;
5721:0.25;
5717:0.10;
5709:0.10;
5701:0.10;
5697:0.10;
5672:0.10;
5668:0.25;
5664:0.10;
5656:0.10;
5648:0.50;
5644:0.30;
5619:0.10;
5615:0.25;
5611:0.10;
5603:0.10;
5595:0.30;
5591:0.20;
5539:0.50;
5535:0.18;
5531:0.05;
5527:0.20;
5519:0.05;
5237:2.35;
4851:2.45;
4789:11.0;
4727:2.35;
4700:0.14;
4696:0.13;
4692:0.45;
4528:0.25;
4439:0.55;
4385:0.35;
4347:0.75;
4274:0.85;
4158:0.25;
4076:0.25;
4018:0.05;
4014:0.05;
3983:0.35;
3959:Sheet
3928:Sheet
3658:0.12;
3654:0.12;
3634:Sheet
3615:Sheet
3477:0.12;
3186:0.15;
3170:12.0;
3120:12.2;
2964:Sheet
2957:0.55;
2783:0.07;
2775:0.18;
2717:0.15;
2682:0.15;
2658:Plate
2621:0.12;
2613:0.25;
2601:0.10;
2597:0.10;
2572:0.12;
2568:0.05;
2564:0.25;
2552:0.10;
2548:0.10;
2519:0.06;
2488:0.25;
2456:Sheet
2432:0.12;
2428:0.05;
2424:0.25;
2412:0.10;
2408:0.10;
2378:0.10;
2374:0.35;
2366:0.35;
2358:0.15;
2354:0.12;
2330:SpaceX
2309:0.45;
2285:Plate
2251:0.75;
2247:1.75;
2243:0.25;
2235:2.53;
2205:0.10;
2201:0.35;
2193:0.35;
2185:0.15;
2181:0.12;
2156:0.15;
2152:0.35;
2148:0.35;
2136:0.15;
2132:0.12;
2068:0.10;
2064:0.25;
2056:0.25;
2048:0.15;
2044:0.12;
1960:1.85;
1870:Sheet
1863:0.25;
1774:0.55;
1561:0.12;
1548:V-1469
1540:0.0005
1491:V-1464
1483:0.0015
1455:0.05;
1418:V-1461
1410:Tu-156
1382:0.05;
1353:An-225
1349:An-124
1321:0.25;
1317:0.05;
1301:0.15;
1280:0.0015
1232:0.12;
1228:0.08;
1179:0.12;
1175:0.08;
1158:Be-200
1154:Be-103
1118:0.12;
1114:0.08;
1077:0.05;
1069:0.05;
992:0.15;
971:0.0015
935:0.08;
824:Tu-144
812:0.15;
804:0.05;
210:, and
98:nickel
78:copper
64:; see
12765:Lo-Ex
12714:AlSiC
12490:Al-Zn
12364:6005A
12237:Al-Mg
12188:Al-Si
12139:Al-Mn
11960:Al-Cu
11572:(PDF)
11555:(PDF)
11097:(PDF)
11090:(PDF)
11011:S2CID
10834:6 May
10798:(PDF)
10791:(PDF)
10734:(PDF)
10727:(PDF)
10702:(PDF)
10695:(PDF)
10670:(PDF)
10663:(PDF)
10638:(PDF)
10631:(PDF)
10440:(PDF)
10433:(PDF)
10382:(PDF)
10375:(PDF)
10199:(PDF)
10192:(PDF)
10167:(PDF)
10160:(PDF)
9954:(PDF)
9947:(PDF)
9922:(PDF)
9915:(PDF)
9751:(PDF)
9602:(PDF)
9595:(PDF)
9513:, or
8914:852.0
8894:851.0
8874:850.0
8798:771.0
8778:713.0
8758:712.0
8738:710.0
8718:707.0
8698:705.0
8678:535.0
8673:12.0
8658:520.0
8638:514.0
8618:512.0
8578:443.0
8468:356.0
8400:355.0
8366:328.0
8318:319.0
8256:295.0
8202:242.0
8182:204.0
8162:201.0
8143:(MPa)
6896:6005A
6044:0.002
6037:0.005
6032:0.002
6029:0.005
6026:0.006
6021:0.006
6018:0.002
6015:0.006
6012:0.006
6009:0.006
5950:0.028
5935:0.028
5920:0.028
5751:0.6;
5576:wire
5569:0.5;
5497:4.0;
5493:8.3;
5470:1.4;
5447:0.7;
5424:1.8;
5420:8.6;
5397:1.5;
5372:Alloy
5338:1.5;
5334:2.3;
5330:5.7;
5307:2.3;
5303:2.1;
5299:8.0;
5276:2.0;
5272:2.7;
5268:6.8;
5245:0.2;
5241:2.2;
5233:6.4;
5227:89.05
5210:1.6;
5206:4.5;
5179:4.5;
5156:0.2;
5152:1.5;
5148:2.5;
5144:9.0;
5091:1.5;
5087:7.5;
5064:0.2;
5060:0.6;
5056:3.3;
5052:4.3;
5029:1.6;
5025:2.5;
5021:5.6;
4979:2.0;
4975:2.5;
4971:7.8;
4948:2.1;
4944:1.6;
4940:7.7;
4917:2.3;
4913:2.3;
4909:8.0;
4886:2.3;
4882:2.3;
4878:6.2;
4855:1.6;
4847:7.7;
4824:0.2;
4820:3.3;
4816:4.0;
4793:2.3;
4770:0.2;
4766:0.7;
4762:0.2;
4758:3.1;
4754:4.7;
4748:91.1
4731:1.7;
4723:6.2;
4688:1.4;
4684:4.5;
4659:Alloy
4625:0.1;
4621:0.7;
4617:0.3;
4613:0.8;
4609:0.5;
4586:0.4;
4559:1.0;
4536:0.6;
4532:0.1;
4524:1.0;
4520:0.6;
4497:0.1;
4493:0.1;
4485:0.8;
4462:0.7;
4416:0.6;
4412:0.9;
4389:0.8;
4381:1.0;
4377:0.8;
4343:0.7;
4320:0.8;
4297:0.5;
4270:1.0;
4247:0.8;
4243:0.9;
4220:0.7;
4216:0.8;
4212:1.4;
4189:0.8;
4185:1.1;
4181:1.4;
4154:1.0;
4150:0.6;
4127:0.7;
4123:0.4;
4113:6063A
4100:0.4;
4072:1.0;
4068:0.6;
4045:0.5;
4041:0.4;
4010:0.6;
4006:1.1;
3979:1.0;
3975:0.8;
3969:97.05
3952:0.5;
3948:0.7;
3944:1.0;
3921:0.5;
3917:0.6;
3913:0.8;
3895:0.35
3891:0.3;
3887:0.3;
3883:0.5;
3879:0.6;
3873:96.5
3869:6005A
3856:0.8;
3831:Alloy
3793:0.5;
3789:3.1;
3766:0.2;
3762:0.6;
3739:0.2;
3735:1.0;
3712:0.8;
3708:5.1;
3685:0.8;
3681:2.7;
3650:5.0;
3612:0.35;
3608:4.5;
3589:0.25;
3585:3.5;
3562:0.4;
3558:4.0;
3535:0.7;
3531:4.4;
3508:0.6;
3504:0.8;
3500:5.0;
3473:5.0;
3450:2.5;
3409:0.4;
3405:0.9;
3397:4.5;
3374:0.1;
3370:0.6;
3366:4.6;
3348:0.25;
3344:5.0;
3322:0.5;
3278:Alloy
3240:0.2;
3236:0.8;
3232:4.1;
3209:6.0;
3182:0.2;
3178:0.3;
3174:0.8;
3124:0.9;
3097:1.0;
3093:2.0;
3070:0.3;
3066:0.7;
3062:1.2;
3058:1.4;
3035:1.0;
3010:Alloy
2896:1.0;
2873:1.2;
2850:1.5;
2825:Alloy
2787:1.1;
2779:1.6;
2771:2.3;
2748:0.6;
2744:4.2;
2721:0.1;
2713:0.2;
2709:5.8;
2686:0.1;
2678:0.3;
2674:6.3;
2651:0.6;
2647:4.1;
2523:0.1;
2511:6.3;
2484:0.9;
2480:1.0;
2476:1.5;
2472:4.0;
2317:0.4;
2313:1.0;
2305:0.5;
2301:4.0;
2278:0.6;
2274:4.4;
2239:0.3;
2110:0.4;
2106:0.4;
2102:1.3;
2098:4.2;
2022:1.5;
2018:2.0;
2014:2.1;
1991:2.2;
1987:2.7;
1964:0.2;
1956:3.7;
1933:0.3;
1929:0.2;
1921:1.1;
1917:0.5;
1913:3.7;
1890:0.4;
1886:3.3;
1859:2.6;
1836:0.4;
1832:1.0;
1828:0.3;
1824:3.6;
1801:0.6;
1797:4.4;
1770:1.3;
1766:4.5;
1743:0.7;
1739:0.5;
1735:4.0;
1712:0.8;
1708:0.8;
1704:4.4;
1681:0.4;
1677:5.5;
1654:6.0;
1629:Alloy
1557:0.1;
1427:0.8;
1370:0.1;
1313:0.1;
1309:0.1;
1297:0.1;
1166:1441K
1097:0.003
988:0.1;
939:0.1;
913:0.2;
909:0.2;
905:2.0;
901:5.0;
878:2.0;
874:5.0;
808:0.1;
792:0.3;
788:0.3;
734:Foil
728:99.99
712:99.45
607:Alloy
538:-T651
516:-T511
510:-T510
376:crimp
358:creep
351:screw
122:Al–Si
70:alloy
56:) or
54:IUPAC
12678:8176
12673:8093
12668:8091
12663:8090
12658:8030
12653:8025
12648:8019
12643:8014
12638:8011
12633:8009
12628:8006
12609:7475
12604:7255
12599:7178
12594:7150
12589:7129
12584:7116
12579:7093
12574:7091
12569:7090
12564:7085
12559:7079
12554:7075
12549:7072
12544:7068
12539:7065
12534:7055
12529:7050
12524:7046
12519:7039
12514:7034
12509:7022
12504:7010
12499:7005
12480:6951
12475:6463
12470:6351
12465:6262
12460:6205
12455:6201
12450:6162
12445:6151
12440:6113
12435:6105
12430:6101
12425:6082
12420:6081
12415:6070
12410:6066
12405:6065
12400:6063
12395:6061
12390:6060
12385:6022
12380:6013
12375:6010
12370:6009
12360:6005
12341:5754
12336:5557
12331:5457
12326:5456
12321:5454
12316:5356
12311:5252
12306:5182
12296:5086
12291:5083
12286:5059
12281:5056
12271:5050
12266:5026
12261:5024
12256:5019
12251:5010
12227:4543
12222:4047
12217:4043
12212:4032
12207:4015
12202:4007
12197:4006
12178:3203
12173:3105
12163:3102
12158:3005
12153:3004
12148:3003
12129:2618
12124:2524
12119:2519
12114:2397
12109:2319
12104:2297
12094:2219
12089:2218
12084:2198
12079:2197
12074:2196
12069:2195
12064:2124
12059:2099
12054:2098
12049:2097
12044:2095
12039:2094
12034:2091
12029:2090
12024:2080
12019:2055
12014:2048
12009:2036
12004:2029
11999:2025
11994:2024
11989:2020
11984:2017
11979:2014
11974:2011
11969:2004
11950:1469
11945:1464
11940:1461
11935:1460
11930:1450
11925:1445
11920:1441
11915:1440
11910:1430
11905:1424
11900:1421
11895:1420
11890:1370
11885:1350
11880:1230
11875:1200
11870:1199
11865:1145
11860:1100
11855:1070
11850:1060
11845:1050
11703:OCLC
11693:ISBN
11660:2014
11580:2011
11559:ISBN
11533:ISBN
11489:2017
11459:2017
11429:2009
11402:2009
11364:ISBN
11343:PMID
11325:ISSN
11274:ISSN
11233:SSRN
11225:ISSN
11176:ISSN
11131:2008
11105:2009
11036:ISBN
10966:ISBN
10933:ISBN
10896:2018
10836:2014
10806:2017
10768:ISBN
10742:2017
10710:2017
10678:2017
10646:2017
10603:2018
10580:2021
10538:PMID
10479:ISSN
10448:2017
10416:2017
10390:2017
10358:2017
10280:2019
10230:ISBN
10207:2017
10175:2017
10132:2013
10101:2013
10056:2024
10027:PMID
9962:2017
9930:2017
9877:ISBN
9787:link
9767:ISBN
9733:2016
9701:ISBN
9682:2009
9610:2012
9538:SCBA
9536:and
9528:and
9503:iron
9480:and
9472:and
9457:and
9442:6063
9438:6061
9419:6016
9415:2036
9411:5754
9409:and
9407:5083
9397:and
9271:8009
9266:7475
9262:7178
9258:7150
9254:7093
9250:7079
9246:7075
9242:7068
9238:7055
9234:7050
9230:7049
9226:7010
9221:6951
9217:6113
9213:6063
9209:6061
9205:6013
9200:4047
9195:2524
9191:2519
9187:2324
9183:2224
9179:2219
9175:2095
9171:2091
9167:2090
9163:2080
9159:2024
9155:2020
9151:2017
9147:2014
9143:2004
9138:1420
9082:and
9044:8009
8929:N/A
8909:3.0
8889:5.0
8869:5.0
8855:5.0
8841:1.5
8827:3.0
8813:1.5
8793:3.0
8773:4.0
8753:2.0
8733:1.0
8713:5.0
8693:9.0
8653:6.0
8633:N/A
8613:3.0
8593:3.0
8573:1.0
8559:3.5
8539:3.0
8525:N/A
8511:N/A
8497:3.0
8483:2.0
8463:2.5
8443:N/A
8429:N/A
8415:2.0
8395:1.0
8381:1.0
8361:1.5
8347:N/A
8333:1.5
8313:3.0
8299:N/A
8285:3.0
8271:6.0
8251:1.0
8231:N/A
8217:N/A
8197:6.0
8177:3.0
8157:UNS
8154:ANSI
8066:Each
7982:0.15
7979:0.05
7972:0.03
7963:0.10
7945:8176
7936:0.15
7933:0.05
7922:0.20
7908:0.30
7902:0.50
7899:0.40
7895:7178
7886:0.15
7883:0.05
7876:0.03
7871:0.05
7868:0.05
7862:0.10
7856:0.10
7850:0.30
7847:0.15
7843:7129
7834:0.15
7831:0.05
7824:0.03
7819:0.05
7816:0.05
7805:0.05
7799:0.30
7796:0.15
7792:7116
7783:0.15
7780:0.05
7769:0.10
7749:0.40
7742:7079
7733:0.15
7730:0.05
7719:0.20
7705:0.30
7699:0.50
7696:0.40
7692:7075
7683:0.15
7680:0.05
7660:0.10
7657:0.10
7654:0.10
7647:7072
7638:0.15
7635:0.05
7623:0.01
7615:0.05
7609:0.10
7603:0.15
7600:0.12
7596:7068
7587:0.15
7584:0.05
7573:0.20
7553:0.50
7550:0.50
7546:7022
7537:0.15
7534:0.05
7505:0.10
7502:0.40
7499:0.35
7495:7005
7486:0.15
7483:0.05
7468:0.05
7460:0.05
7457:0.20
7454:0.15
7447:6463
7438:0.15
7435:0.05
7424:0.20
7419:0.20
7408:0.10
7405:0.50
7398:6351
7389:0.15
7386:0.05
7373:0.15
7368:0.25
7359:0.15
7346:6262
7337:0.15
7334:0.05
7323:0.10
7318:0.25
7315:0.10
7309:0.10
7306:0.20
7303:0.50
7296:6162
7287:0.15
7284:0.05
7273:0.10
7268:0.10
7265:0.10
7259:0.10
7256:0.10
7253:0.35
7246:6105
7237:0.15
7234:0.05
7223:0.10
7218:0.20
7215:0.25
7206:0.10
7203:0.50
7196:6082
7187:0.15
7184:0.05
7173:0.15
7168:0.25
7165:0.10
7153:0.50
7146:6070
7137:0.15
7134:0.05
7123:0.20
7118:0.25
7115:0.40
7103:0.50
7096:6066
7087:0.15
7084:0.05
7073:0.10
7068:0.10
7065:0.10
7059:0.10
7056:0.10
7053:0.35
7046:6063
7037:0.15
7034:0.05
7023:0.15
7018:0.25
7009:0.15
6996:6061
6987:0.15
6984:0.05
6973:0.10
6968:0.15
6965:0.05
6959:0.10
6956:0.10
6946:6060
6937:0.15
6934:0.05
6923:0.10
6918:0.20
6915:0.30
6909:0.50
6906:0.30
6903:0.35
6887:0.15
6884:0.05
6873:0.10
6868:0.10
6865:0.10
6859:0.10
6856:0.10
6853:0.35
6846:6005
6837:0.15
6834:0.05
6823:0.15
6818:0.20
6815:0.30
6809:0.50
6806:0.10
6803:0.40
6800:0.40
6796:5754
6787:0.15
6784:0.05
6773:0.20
6768:0.25
6756:0.10
6753:0.40
6750:0.25
6746:5456
6737:0.15
6734:0.05
6723:0.20
6718:0.25
6706:0.10
6703:0.40
6700:0.25
6696:5454
6687:0.15
6684:0.05
6668:0.10
6659:0.10
6656:0.10
6653:0.40
6650:0.25
6646:5356
6637:0.15
6634:0.05
6623:0.20
6618:0.20
6609:0.10
6606:0.10
6603:0.40
6600:0.25
6596:5154
6587:0.15
6584:0.05
6573:0.15
6568:0.25
6556:0.10
6553:0.50
6550:0.40
6546:5086
6537:0.15
6534:0.05
6523:0.15
6518:0.25
6506:0.10
6503:0.40
6500:0.40
6496:5083
6487:0.15
6484:0.05
6469:0.10
6460:0.10
6457:0.10
6454:0.40
6451:0.25
6447:5052
6438:0.15
6435:0.05
6420:0.25
6398:5005
6389:0.15
6386:0.05
6375:0.20
6370:0.10
6365:0.05
6362:0.05
6359:0.30
6356:0.80
6349:4043
6340:0.15
6337:0.05
6326:0.10
6321:0.30
6311:0.10
6305:0.40
6301:3102
6292:0.15
6289:0.05
6274:0.25
6263:0.25
6257:0.30
6253:3004
6244:0.15
6241:0.05
6226:0.10
6206:3003
6197:0.15
6194:0.05
6176:0.10
6171:0.02
6162:0.30
6155:2219
6146:0.15
6143:0.05
6132:0.15
6127:0.25
6124:0.10
6112:0.50
6109:0.50
6105:2024
6096:0.15
6093:0.05
6082:0.15
6077:0.25
6074:0.10
6055:2014
6005:1199
5996:0.15
5993:0.05
5978:0.10
5971:0.05
5961:1100
5947:0.03
5944:0.03
5941:0.03
5938:0.03
5932:0.05
5929:0.05
5926:0.03
5923:0.03
5917:0.05
5914:0.35
5911:0.25
5907:1060
5896:0.03
5883:0.05
5876:0.05
5873:0.05
5870:0.05
5867:0.40
5864:0.25
5860:1050
5851:Each
5745:99.3
5741:8176
5688:8093
5635:8091
5582:8090
5563:99.3
5559:8030
5510:8025
5487:87.5
5483:8019
5474:0.4;
5464:98.2
5460:8014
5441:98.7
5437:8011
5414:88.3
5410:8009
5401:0.5;
5391:98.0
5387:8006
5342:0.22
5324:90.3
5320:7475
5293:87.5
5289:7255
5280:0.26
5262:88.1
5258:7178
5223:7150
5200:93.2
5196:7129
5173:93.7
5169:7116
5138:86.7
5134:7093
5119:7091
5104:7090
5081:89.4
5077:7085
5068:0.15
5046:91.4
5042:7079
5033:0.23
5015:90.0
4996:99.0
4992:7072
4983:0.12
4965:87.6
4961:7068
4934:88.5
4930:7065
4903:87.2
4899:7055
4872:89.0
4868:7050
4859:0.15
4841:88.1
4837:7049
4810:92.3
4806:7039
4783:85.7
4779:7034
4744:7022
4735:0.1;
4717:93.3
4713:7010
4704:0.04
4678:93.3
4674:7005
4603:97.2
4599:6951
4580:98.9
4576:6463
4563:0.6;
4553:97.8
4549:6351
4514:96.8
4510:6262
4489:0.5;
4479:98.4
4475:6205
4469:Rod
4456:98.5
4452:6201
4433:98.6
4429:6162
4420:0.25
4406:98.2
4402:6151
4371:96.8
4367:6113
4351:0.85
4337:98.4
4333:6111
4324:0.65
4314:98.6
4310:6105
4291:98.9
4287:6101
4278:0.65
4264:97.5
4260:6082
4237:98.1
4233:6081
4224:0.28
4206:96.8
4202:6070
4175:95.7
4171:6066
4144:97.1
4140:6065
4117:98.7
4094:98.9
4089:6063
4062:97.9
4058:6061
4035:98.9
4031:6060
4000:97.9
3996:6022
3965:6013
3956:0.35
3938:97.3
3934:6010
3925:0.35
3907:97.7
3903:6009
3850:98.7
3846:6005
3783:95.8
3779:5754
3756:99.1
3752:5557
3729:98.7
3725:5457
3716:0.12
3698:5456
3689:0.12
3675:96.4
3671:5454
3662:0.13
3644:94.6
3640:5356
3631:2.5;
3625:97.5
3621:5252
3602:95.2
3598:5182
3579:96.2
3566:0.15
3552:95.4
3548:5086
3539:0.15
3525:94.8
3521:5083
3512:0.12
3494:93.5
3490:5059
3481:0.12
3467:94.8
3463:5056
3454:0.25
3444:97.2
3425:98.6
3421:5050
3391:93.9
3387:5026
3360:94.5
3356:5024
3338:94.7
3334:5019
3326:0.2;
3316:99.3
3312:5010
3297:99.2
3226:93.7
3222:4643
3203:93.7
3199:4543
3164:85.5
3160:4047
3145:94.8
3141:4043
3132:0.9;
3110:4032
3087:96.8
3083:4015
3052:96.3
3048:4007
3039:0.65
3029:98.3
3025:4006
2974:98.8
2970:3203
2951:97.8
2947:3105
2932:98.8
2913:99.8
2909:3102
2890:98.5
2886:3005
2867:97.8
2863:3004
2854:0.12
2844:98.6
2840:3003
2765:93.7
2761:2618
2738:93.8
2734:2524
2703:93.0
2699:2519
2690:0.18
2668:93.0
2664:2319
2641:93.8
2588:2397
2539:2297
2527:0.18
2515:0.3;
2505:93.0
2501:2219
2466:92.2
2462:2218
2448:2198
2399:2197
2345:2196
2335:and
2321:0.12
2295:93.5
2291:2195
2268:93.5
2264:2124
2255:0.09
2229:94.3
2225:2099
2172:2098
2123:2097
2092:93.6
2088:2095
2035:2094
2008:94.3
2004:2091
1995:0.12
1981:95.0
1977:2090
1950:94.0
1946:2080
1925:0.4;
1907:93.5
1903:2055
1880:94.8
1876:2048
1867:0.45
1853:96.7
1849:2036
1818:94.6
1814:2029
1791:93.5
1787:2024
1778:0.25
1760:93.4
1756:2020
1729:94.2
1725:2017
1698:93.5
1694:2014
1671:93.7
1667:2011
1648:93.6
1644:2004
1361:1460
1351:and
1288:1450
1219:1445
1156:and
1105:1441
1048:1440
979:1430
926:1424
895:92.9
891:1421
868:92.9
864:1420
852:99.7
848:1370
836:99.5
832:1350
740:1200
724:1199
708:1145
674:99.0
670:1100
658:99.7
654:1070
642:99.6
638:1060
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