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is 1–3 cm, more or less equal or narrowing upwards and slightly flaring at the apex. It is white to yellowish cream, densely stuffed with a pith, the skirt-like ring is membranous, persistent, the lower stipe and upper bulb are decorated with partial or complete concentric rings of volval
651:. The effects of muscimol and ibotenic acid most closely resemble that of any GABAergic compound but with a dissociative effect taking place in low to mid doses which are followed by delirium and vivid hallucinations at high doses.
604:
with conifers mostly but also deciduous trees as well, it is found often in the fall but sometimes in the spring, common in the northeast, from eastern Canada to North
Carolina, northwest Florida, and west to Michigan.
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As with other wild-growing mushrooms, the ratio of ibotenic acid to muscimol depends on countless external factors, including: season, age, and habitat - and percentages will naturally vary from mushroom-to-mushroom.
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is distributed over the cap as cream to pale tan warts; it is otherwise smooth and sticky when wet. The margin becomes slightly striate in age. The flesh is white and it does not stain when cut or injured.
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is 4.5–16 (18) cm wide, convex, and becomes broadly convex to flat in age. It is bright yellow or yellow-orange, usually more orange or reddish orange towards the disc, and fading to pale yellow. The
797:
Becker, A; Grecksch, G; Bernstein, HG; Höllt, V; Bogerts, B (1999). "Social behaviour in rats lesioned with ibotenic acid in the hippocampus: quantitative and qualitative analysis".
840:
Isacson, O; Brundin, P; Kelly, PA; Gage, FH; Björklund, A (1984). "Functional neuronal replacement by grafted striatal neurones in the ibotenic acid-lesioned rat striatum".
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Ibotenic acid is mostly broken down into the body to muscimol, but what remains of the ibotenic acid is believed to cause the majority of dysphoric effects of consuming
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492:. It is one of several varieties of muscaroid fungi, all commonly known as fly agarics or fly amanitas.
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to crowded, cream to pale cream, truncate, unevenly distributed, of diverse lengths, and plentiful.
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mushroom under a northern white pine in Ovid, Michigan, United States
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are white in deposit, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid (infrequently
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material that are bright pale yellow to cream or sordid cream.
556:. The spores are (7.0–) 8.7-12.2 (-14.8) x (5.9) 6.5–8.2 (9.5)
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745:"Fungal Hallucinogens Psilocin, Ibotenic Acid, and Muscimol"
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mushrooms. Ibotenic acid is also a scientifically important
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used in lab research as a brain-lesioning agent in mice.
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
730:"Shroomery - Hunting Fly Agarics in North America"
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621:Amanita chrysoblema yellow-orange variant
594:Amanita chrysoblema yellow-orange variant
543:Amanita chrysoblema yellow-orange variant
473:Amanita chrysoblema yellow-orange variant
300:Amanita chrysoblema yellow-orange variant
142:Amanita chrysoblema yellow-orange variant
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
619:As with all other muscaroid mushrooms,
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
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581:Clamps are present at bases of the
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58:"Amanita muscaria var. guessowii"
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34:needs additional citations for
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743:Stebelska, Katarzyna (2013).
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710:Amanita muscaria var. formosa
596:is found growing solitary or
761:10.1097/FTD.0b013e31828741a5
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749:Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
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310:Mycological characteristics
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589:Distribution and habitat
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475:, commonly known as the
1027:Fungi described in 1933
1032:Fungi of North America
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811:10.1007/s002130051015
526:are free to narrowly
577:Microscopic features
43:improve this article
854:1984Natur.311..458I
277:Amanita chrysoblema
241:A. chrysoblema
799:Psychopharmacology
649:retrograde amnesia
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914:Amanita muscaria
906:Taxon identifiers
615:Muscimol mushroom
552:or elongate) and
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613:Main article:
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625:ibotenic acid
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486:of the genus
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481:basidiomycete
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455:Edibility is
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32:This article
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805:(4): 333–8.
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780:. Retrieved
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637:synaesthesia
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609:Biochemistry
598:gregariously
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464:psychoactive
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
981:NatureServe
656:A. muscaria
602:mycorrhizal
496:Description
436:mycorrhizal
433:Ecology is
416:Spore print
217:Amanitaceae
1016:Categories
716:References
660:neurotoxin
550:subglobose
532:subcrowded
255:A. c.
207:Agaricales
183:Division:
69:newspapers
986:2.1152714
918:guessowii
645:dysphoria
623:contains
554:inamyloid
458:poisonous
249:Variety:
235:Species:
173:Kingdom:
167:Eukaryota
140:A mature
968:MycoBank
942:Fungorum
927:Wikidata
827:25172395
819:10435405
777:44494685
769:23851905
704:See also
641:euphoria
629:muscimol
600:, it is
479:, is a
372:Hymenium
331:hymenium
213:Family:
163:Domain:
1022:Amanita
960:7698695
933:Q585041
878:4342937
870:6482962
850:Bibcode
782:4 March
670:Gallery
583:basidia
489:Amanita
228:Amanita
223:Genus:
203:Order:
193:Class:
83:scholar
999:235531
973:486234
947:486234
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842:Nature
825:
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627:, and
546:spores
538:Spores
528:adnate
484:fungus
392:has a
358:convex
287:VeselĂ˝
85:
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71:
64:
56:
874:S2CID
823:S2CID
773:S2CID
570:stipe
564:Stipe
524:gills
518:Gills
511:volva
420:white
399:volva
390:Stipe
326:Gills
279:var.
257:var.
177:Fungi
90:JSTOR
76:books
994:NCBI
955:GBIF
916:var.
866:PMID
815:PMID
784:2023
765:PMID
647:and
568:The
522:The
505:The
397:and
395:ring
376:free
354:flat
62:news
858:doi
846:311
807:doi
803:144
757:doi
507:cap
501:Cap
461:or
418:is
374:is
356:or
352:is
350:Cap
329:on
45:by
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558:ÎĽm
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
