475:
7504:
151:
7351:
6642:
6615:
6375:
6108:
6055:
6028:
5866:
5545:
5518:
5411:
5384:
5171:
5144:
4646:
9003:
7039:
1630:
6721:
4534:
7338:
5331:
531:
6758:
3204:
5010:
4986:
6535:
6401:
2208:
2181:
1938:
1818:
1765:
1738:
7065:
4962:
4789:
2735:
2235:
2019:
1992:
1884:
1792:
7390:
6784:
5572:
7312:
4880:
4801:
4219:
3360:
7026:
6916:
6162:
6135:
5947:
5920:
5893:
5626:
5465:
5438:
5225:
5117:
5090:
4854:
4760:
4680:
4481:
4454:
4165:
4139:
4113:
4061:
4035:
4008:
3981:
3954:
3868:
3815:
3789:
3737:
3711:
3685:
3659:
3633:
3581:
3555:
3387:
3317:
3009:
2982:
2955:
2928:
2816:
2789:
2762:
2643:
2616:
2370:
2100:
2046:
1845:
1711:
1684:
1657:
1603:
1576:
1549:
1522:
7260:
7234:
4508:
3117:
2870:
2843:
2708:
7490:
7169:
5491:
3607:
2316:
2262:
1407:
10939:
9853:
317:
7476:
4935:
7325:
7104:
6322:
6269:
5304:
5198:
4828:
4192:
2127:
7247:
2901:
7299:
7221:
7156:
7117:
6810:
6295:
4087:
2555:
2397:
6561:
7403:
6242:
6001:
5974:
4707:
4733:
3256:
3230:
43:
10949:
7377:
7208:
6732:
6509:
5680:
4560:
2589:
7195:
6669:
5839:
3763:
3502:
2478:
8912:
7364:
6482:
5599:
7273:
6946:
6863:
5732:
5706:
4612:
4586:
4299:
3476:
3090:
1965:
1857:
10928:
7452:
7091:
2073:
7143:
7130:
6695:
6188:
6082:
4333:
3290:
3063:
3036:
2681:
2669:
2528:
2516:
2490:
2424:
2289:
7182:
6588:
6348:
3894:
2343:
7286:
7078:
7052:
6972:
6890:
6837:
6455:
6428:
6215:
5813:
5786:
5759:
5653:
5357:
5277:
5251:
5063:
5036:
4908:
4428:
4401:
4367:
4273:
4246:
3921:
3841:
3529:
3450:
3348:
3178:
3151:
2451:
2154:
1911:
10959:
9865:
7525:
7623:
In order to improve harmonisation in spectrum utilisation, the majority of service-allocations stipulated in this document were incorporated in national Tables of
Frequency Allocations and Utilisations which is within the responsibility of the appropriate national administration. The allocation might
521:
were issued to those who participated in the airplane-based tests. Once it was found to be operative and reliable, the satellite was shipped to
Kennedy Space Center, where it was mounted in the launch vehicle's third stage. OSCAR 10's dimensions were: Height: 1.35 m (53 in) Width: 2.0 m
8900:
517:, and tested for efficiency by group members. The most efficient cells were kept for the project; the rest were returned to RadioShack. Once ready, OSCAR 10 was mounted aboard a private plane, and flown a couple of times to evaluate its performance and reliability. Special
446:
The
Amateur Radio Satellite community is very active in building satellites and in finding launch opportunities. Lists of functioning satellites need updating regularly, as new satellites are launched and older ones fail. Current information is published by
497:. The satellite had to be built in a very specific shape and weight, so it could be used in place of one of the launch vehicle ballast weights. OSCAR 1 was the first satellite to be ejected as a secondary payload (the primary payload was
875:
Prior to the launch of OSCAR 40, operating modes were designated using single letters to indicate both uplink and downlink bands. While deprecated, these older mode designations are still widely used in casual conversation.
501:) and to subsequently enter a separate orbit. It carried no on-board propulsion and its orbit decayed quickly. Despite orbiting for only 22 days, OSCAR 1 was an immediate success and led to follow-on missions. Over 570
547:
7423:, an obsolete Russian space suit with a transmitter aboard, was officially known as "AMSAT-OSCAR 54". Coincidentally, "Oscar" was the name given to an obsolete space suit by its young owner in the 1958 novel
9273:
483:
394:, an organization which promotes the development and launch of amateur radio satellites. Because of the prevalence of this designation, amateur radio satellites are often referred to as OSCARs.
1246:
3853:
1362:
1304:
485:
1804:
2540:
1176:
8582:
8551:
1041:
1005:
1138:
1099:
1070:
6796:
8360:
In addition to the formal allocations in the main table such as above, there is also a key ITU-R footnote RR 5.282 that provides for additional allocations:-
484:
2193:
1923:
958:
to be received by the satellite. After the satellite passes overhead and begins to move away, this process is reversed. The downlink frequency will appear
10203:
8463:
6600:
5692:
4177:
3048:
3021:
2882:
3827:
583:
for two-way communications in real time. Some satellites have a bulletin board for store-and-forward digital communications, or a digipeater for direct
493:
The first amateur satellite, simply named OSCAR 1, was launched on
December 12, 1961, barely four years after the launch of the world's first satellite,
9278:
5022:
3416:
2409:
5718:
4151:
4125:
3906:
3567:
2463:
2274:
1750:
1723:
432:
Amateur radio satellites have helped advance the science of satellite communications. Contributions include the launch of the first satellite voice
6707:
3075:
2855:
2828:
2328:
2166:
2112:
1950:
8467:
6681:
5048:
2436:
2139:
1896:
1642:
455:
has not been actively involved in the launch and operation of most amateur satellites in the last two decades beyond allocating an OSCAR number.
1374:
of the satellite and the speed with which these corrections must be made, these calculations are normally accomplished using satellite tracking
9491:
8944:
9812:
6360:
5825:
5638:
4661:
4627:
4598:
4382:
4348:
4314:
3936:
3242:
3435:
3271:
3163:
3132:
2570:
10911:
10883:
10878:
9903:
7659:
6547:
6521:
5744:
5369:
5263:
5129:
4866:
3645:
3619:
513:
Most of the components for OSCAR 10 were "off the shelf". Jan King led the project. Solar cells were bought in batches of 10 or 20 from
8764:
8735:
6573:
6307:
6067:
6040:
5878:
4947:
4813:
4440:
7001:
6849:
6627:
6281:
6174:
6013:
5396:
5237:
5183:
4466:
3593:
3541:
150:
107:
9868:
9838:
6902:
6822:
6413:
6387:
5798:
5530:
5503:
5316:
3749:
3697:
3488:
17:
8835:
79:
8810:
8523:
6770:
6744:
6334:
6227:
6094:
5959:
5851:
5665:
3880:
3775:
3723:
3216:
60:
9833:
6254:
6200:
5986:
5477:
5343:
346:
8785:
10905:
9455:
8972:
7018:
Currently, 30 countries have launched an OSCAR satellite. These countries, in chronological order by date of launch, include:
5156:
580:
422:
204:
86:
8575:
10900:
10890:
10870:
10672:
9083:
9042:
8718:
8704:
ITU Radio
Regulations, CHAPTER II – Frequencies, ARTICLE 5 Frequency allocations, Section IV – Table of Frequency Allocations
8449:
7550:
417:) communications. Currently, over 18 fully operational amateur radio satellites are in orbit. They may be designed to act as
8544:
8489:
10037:
10962:
10895:
10741:
9766:
9088:
372:
209:
93:
10667:
9856:
9338:
8937:
8394:
Of these, the 435-438 MHz band is particularly popular for amateur/educational small satellites such as
Cubesats.
1429:
that can be communicated through using commonly available amateur radio equipment. Communication can be achieved with
259:
8380:
any harmful interference caused by emissions from a station in the amateur-satellite service is immediately eliminated
8377:
services operating in accordance with the Table (see No. 5.43). Administrations authorizing such use shall ensure that
10983:
10761:
9496:
9397:
9247:
9078:
1209:
414:
169:
126:
8156:
78–79 RADIOLOCATION
75:
10546:
10094:
9896:
8374:
and 5 650-5 670 MHz, the amateur-satellite service may operate subject to not causing harmful interference to other
10657:
9238:
9146:
8967:
7425:
189:
10652:
9313:
9308:
9233:
8671:
8383:
in accordance with the provisions of No. 25.11. The use of the bands 1 260-1 270 MHz and 5 650-5 670 MHz by the
1390:. Manual frequency-shift correction is possible, but it is difficult to remain precisely near the frequency.
1312:
1254:
279:
234:
64:
8191:
79–81 RADIOLOCATION
6997:
1454:
order by launch date, ascending. The status column denotes the current operational status of the satellite.
10677:
9720:
9098:
9093:
9027:
8930:
7532:
474:
249:
239:
10952:
10713:
10610:
10153:
9948:
9920:
9817:
9541:
9198:
8646:
164:
8872:
8616:
8427:
10993:
10942:
10449:
9889:
9593:
7516:
6120:
1478:
indicates that the satellite has re-entered the Earth's atmosphere (or never successfully left it). The
678:). With a few exceptions, the letters correspond to IEEE's standard for radar frequency letter bands...
339:
10801:
10723:
10662:
10369:
9141:
8890:
7582:
621:
402:
8088:
76–77.5 RADIO ASTRONOMY
4413:
1425:(FM). These are also commonly referred to as "FM LEOs" or the "FM Birds". Such satellites act as FM
10573:
10534:
10379:
10279:
10208:
10141:
9968:
9745:
9445:
9430:
8713:
Martin
Davidoff: The Radio Amateur's Satellite Handbook. The American Radio Relay League, Newington,
8371:
In the bands 435-438 MHz, 1 260-1 270 MHz, 2 400-2 450 MHz, 3 400-3 410 MHz (in
Regions 2 and 3 only)
7464:
100:
8509:
Standard Radar
Frequency Letter-Band Nomenclature (IEEE Standard 521-1984, IEEE Std 521-2002(R2009))
1148:
10932:
10174:
10109:
10062:
10022:
9761:
9450:
9406:
9017:
553:
Es’hail 2 / QO-100 Launched
November 15, 2018.In geostationary orbit covering Brazil to Thailand.
174:
8760:
4658:
4624:
4379:
4345:
4311:
3933:
10771:
10756:
10600:
10551:
10474:
10374:
10052:
9938:
9933:
9501:
3268:
3129:
2567:
600:
53:
8290:
241–248 RADIO ASTRONOMY
8257:
136–141 RADIO ASTRONOMY
10988:
10693:
10479:
10294:
10239:
10234:
10047:
10012:
9700:
9680:
9506:
9364:
9323:
9022:
8992:
7508:
7503:
1426:
628:
502:
368:
332:
320:
229:
179:
31:
9740:
8866:- a nonprofit corporation that coordinates construction and launch of amateur radio satellites
8739:
8123:
77.5–78 AMATEUR
10595:
10399:
10364:
10284:
10264:
10186:
10074:
9995:
9776:
9390:
9303:
9062:
8987:
7554:
3428:
304:
294:
289:
224:
219:
9928:
10509:
10469:
10439:
10196:
10131:
9953:
9555:
9420:
9283:
9177:
9151:
9136:
9126:
7640:
7343:
5336:
1430:
1422:
1391:
1019:
983:
617:
579:
The first amateur satellites contained telemetry beacons. Since 1965, most OSCARs carry a
398:
397:
These satellites can be used free of charge by licensed amateur radio operators for voice (
8691:
ITU Radio Regulations, Section IV. Radio Stations and Systems – Article 1.57, definition:
8410:
ITU Radio Regulations, Section IV. Radio Stations and Systems – Article 1.57, definition:
1482:
listing denotes the country that constructed the satellite and not the launching country.
8:
10519:
10459:
10218:
10180:
9978:
9963:
9796:
9609:
9531:
8839:
7634:
exclusive or shared utilization: is within the responsibility of national administrations
7560:
539:
8814:
8519:
8323:
248–250 AMATEUR
8226:
134–136 AMATEUR
8059:
47–47.2 AMATEUR
7908:
144–146 AMATEUR
10746:
10703:
10634:
10504:
10434:
10409:
10344:
10191:
9912:
9258:
9172:
9103:
8916:
7431:
2940:
1383:
1123:
1084:
1055:
896:
299:
10786:
10708:
10622:
10605:
10568:
10414:
10244:
10213:
10079:
9973:
9515:
9002:
8789:
8714:
8457:
6440:
5771:
1615:
1371:
530:
440:
426:
10454:
10791:
10751:
10731:
10698:
10627:
10585:
10499:
10354:
10339:
10314:
10289:
10249:
10099:
9958:
9943:
9781:
9460:
9383:
9156:
8030:
24–24.05 AMATEUR
7628:
primary allocation: is indicated by writing in capital letters (see example below)
4258:
954:
frequency than normal so the ground station's transmitted uplink frequency must be
616:
Currently, amateur satellites support many different types of operation, including
194:
3993:
942:
than normal. Hence, the receiver frequency at the ground station must be adjusted
10419:
10274:
10042:
10017:
10005:
9655:
9551:
9526:
9521:
9425:
9354:
9268:
9193:
8876:
8576:"FM Satellites: Good Operating Practices for Beginning and Experienced Operators"
7596:
7568:
4920:
4665:
4631:
4386:
4352:
4318:
3940:
3671:
3275:
3136:
2628:
2601:
2574:
2247:
1418:
1395:
818:
596:
522:(78.75 in) Weight: 140 kg at launch; 90 kg post engine firings.
8481:
10617:
10489:
10464:
10424:
10394:
10269:
10104:
10057:
10032:
9990:
9511:
9440:
7070:
6540:
6406:
4967:
4794:
3329:
3102:
2801:
2740:
2720:
2382:
2355:
2240:
2220:
2085:
2031:
2024:
2004:
1997:
1977:
1889:
1830:
1797:
1434:
1387:
938:
is moving towards the ground station, the downlink frequency will appear to be
931:
927:
798:
793:
788:
159:
10977:
10766:
10539:
10529:
10444:
10334:
10329:
10319:
10304:
10126:
9985:
9791:
9710:
9481:
9333:
9318:
9263:
9228:
8953:
7512:
7031:
6921:
6167:
6140:
5952:
5925:
5898:
5631:
5470:
5443:
5230:
5122:
5095:
4859:
4765:
4685:
4493:
4486:
4459:
4170:
4144:
4118:
4066:
4040:
4020:
4013:
3986:
3966:
3959:
3873:
3820:
3794:
3742:
3716:
3690:
3664:
3638:
3586:
3560:
3392:
3322:
3014:
2994:
2987:
2967:
2960:
2933:
2821:
2794:
2774:
2767:
2648:
2621:
2375:
2105:
2058:
2051:
1850:
1777:
1716:
1696:
1689:
1669:
1662:
1608:
1581:
1554:
1527:
1451:
889:
823:
813:
808:
803:
498:
376:
264:
142:
538:
Other programs besides OSCAR have included Iskra (Soviet Union) circa 1982,
10644:
10484:
10429:
10359:
10324:
10259:
10158:
10148:
10000:
9695:
9619:
9375:
9243:
8904:
7265:
7239:
5584:
5102:
4513:
3122:
2875:
2848:
2747:
2713:
2213:
2186:
1970:
1943:
1862:
1823:
1770:
1743:
1410:
885:
632:
584:
437:
410:
254:
10844:
10494:
10404:
10389:
10349:
10309:
10168:
9705:
9639:
9032:
8667:
7395:
7317:
7174:
6789:
6726:
5577:
5496:
4885:
4806:
4539:
4224:
4047:
3612:
3365:
2321:
2267:
1379:
923:
674:
band. Occasionally, the downlink letter is rendered in lower case (i.e.,
514:
433:
371:. It forms part of the Amateur-satellite service. These satellites use
199:
8693:
amateur-satellite service / amateur-satellite radiocommunication service
8412:
amateur-satellite service / amateur-satellite radiocommunication service
7489:
1406:
10849:
10556:
10254:
10163:
10119:
10089:
10067:
9670:
9057:
8977:
7631:
secondary allocation: is indicated by small letters (see example below)
7475:
6654:
6467:
6147:
5932:
5611:
4073:
2886:
2655:
2502:
1437:
correction. Satellite passes are typically less than 15 minutes long.
966:. The following mathematical formulas relate the Doppler shift to the
244:
184:
5289:
10834:
10299:
10114:
9881:
9624:
8386:
amateur-satellite service is limited to the Earth-to-space direction.
7564:
7435:
7330:
7109:
7044:
6327:
6274:
5309:
5203:
5075:
4940:
4833:
4772:
4719:
4520:
4285:
4197:
2132:
1635:
947:
935:
778:
773:
494:
364:
42:
10829:
10819:
10736:
10561:
10384:
9725:
9690:
9685:
9675:
9665:
9660:
9588:
9536:
9218:
9131:
9047:
8885:- Private site with instructions for using amateur radio satellites
7304:
7252:
7226:
7161:
7122:
6815:
6300:
5557:
4546:
4231:
4204:
4092:
3514:
2913:
2906:
2560:
2402:
2301:
1375:
967:
950:. The satellite in turn, will be receiving the uplink signal at a
920:
783:
671:
651:
542:(Fuji-OSCAR 12) (Japan) in 1986, RS (Soviet Union and Russia), and
518:
418:
269:
1466:
indicates that the satellite is partially operational or failing.
10824:
10809:
10027:
9730:
9715:
9634:
9614:
9583:
9573:
9037:
7528:
7481:
7420:
7408:
7278:
6992:
6951:
6875:
6868:
6566:
6247:
6006:
5979:
5737:
5711:
5015:
4991:
4893:
4840:
4738:
4712:
4692:
4617:
4591:
4304:
3481:
3399:
3261:
3235:
3095:
1588:
1561:
1534:
1507:
543:
469:
284:
214:
8922:
8736:"Space Satellites from the World's Garage -- The Story of AMSAT"
8638:
654:
designations use sets of paired letters following the structure
10854:
10814:
10136:
9786:
9735:
9629:
9578:
9563:
9486:
9476:
9359:
9253:
9213:
9208:
9052:
8869:
8606:
8423:
7382:
7213:
7200:
7148:
7135:
7096:
6958:
6763:
6737:
6700:
6674:
6514:
6193:
6087:
5905:
5844:
5685:
5450:
5423:
5210:
4745:
4565:
4338:
4099:
3801:
3768:
3507:
3372:
3333:
3295:
3209:
3190:
3068:
3041:
2693:
2686:
2674:
2594:
2533:
2521:
2495:
2483:
2429:
2294:
2078:
1183:
1111:
916:
663:
647:
27:
Type of satellite that transmits over amateur radio frequencies
7515:, uses a ham radio system in the Zvezda Service Module of the
10839:
10776:
10084:
9771:
9568:
9203:
8982:
8611:
7668: Region 3
7665: Region 2
7616:
The allocation of radio frequencies is provided according to
7369:
7356:
7291:
7187:
7083:
7057:
6977:
6895:
6842:
6647:
6620:
6593:
6494:
6487:
6460:
6433:
6380:
6353:
6220:
6113:
6060:
6033:
5871:
5818:
5791:
5764:
5658:
5604:
5550:
5523:
5416:
5389:
5362:
5282:
5256:
5176:
5149:
5068:
5041:
4913:
4651:
4572:
4433:
4406:
4372:
4278:
4251:
3926:
3899:
3846:
3534:
3462:
3455:
3353:
3302:
3183:
3156:
2456:
2348:
2159:
1916:
1869:
1179:
1107:
915:
Due to the high orbital speed of the amateur satellites, the
636:
625:
452:
448:
406:
391:
10781:
7434:. This book was first published a year after the launch of
6932:
6928:
8882:
7524:
9223:
8813:. The Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation. Archived from
8738:. The Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation. Archived from
7998:
7876:
7678:
4776:
1116:
Positive when moving towards, negative when moving away.
505:
in 28 countries forwarded observations to Project OSCAR.
1106:
velocity of the satellite relative to ground station in
534:
USSR postal stamp depicting amateur radio satellitе RS-2
8863:
8761:"The Extraordinary History of Amateur Radio Satellites"
1460:
signifies that the satellite is currently operational,
478:
First amateur radio satellite OSCAR 1, launched in 1961
548:
list of major amateur satellites in Japanese Knowledge
8888:
8879:- club commemorating the original Project OSCAR group
8447:
1315:
1257:
1212:
1151:
1126:
1087:
1058:
1022:
986:
1472:
indicates that the satellite is non operational and
1398:, and therefore FM is much easier to tune manually.
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
7004:. Flight-ready, but no launch provider found yet.
1413:being used to communicate through an FM satellite.
1356:
1298:
1240:
1170:
1132:
1093:
1064:
1035:
999:
962:and the uplink frequency will need to be adjusted
436:(OSCAR 3) and the development of highly advanced
10975:
8462:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1450:The names of the satellites below are sorted in
1241:{\displaystyle \Delta f=f\times {\frac {v}{c}}}
7991:
7869:
7671:
7649:
7624:be primary, secondary, exclusive, and shared.
9897:
9813:Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
9391:
8938:
7620:of the ITU Radio Regulations (edition 2012).
340:
9405:
7842:24 890–24 990 AMATEUR
7813:21 000–21 450 AMATEUR
7784:18 068–18 168 AMATEUR
7755:14 000–14 250 AMATEUR
7543:amateur-satellite radiocommunication service
624:voice, as well as digital communications of
30:"OSCAR" redirects here. For other uses, see
10912:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
8838:. Colorado State University. Archived from
8452:. Archived from the original on 1996-10-28.
7441:
2466:(UNAMSAT-2, MO-30, Unamsat-B, Kosmos-2334)
611:
595:Amateur satellites have been launched into
10948:
9904:
9890:
9398:
9384:
8945:
8931:
8466:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
7592:Radiocommunication service (article 1.19)
7438:, the world's first artificial satellite.
347:
333:
9839:List of communication satellite companies
8355:
2196:(RadioSkaf-12/13, RS-12/13, COSMOS 2123)
1926:(RadioSkaf-10/11, RS-10/11, COSMOS 1861)
1357:{\displaystyle f_{u}=f(1-{\frac {v}{c}})}
1299:{\displaystyle f_{d}=f(1+{\frac {v}{c}})}
388:Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio
154:The International Symbol of Amateur Radio
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
7992:
7870:
7672:
7650:
7523:
7502:
7488:
7474:
1405:
1394:is more tolerant of doppler shifts than
571:10491.000 - 10499.000 MHz Downlink
562:10489.550 - 10489.800 MHz Downlink
529:
481:
473:
9834:List of communications satellite firsts
8786:"A Brief History of Amateur Satellites"
8512:
7611:
7551:International Telecommunication Union's
7460:This section may need to be cleaned up.
7013:
6630:(Hope-OSCAR 119, HO-119, XW-4, CAS-10)
2304:(KITSAT B, KO-25, Kitsat-2, Uribyol-2)
14:
10976:
9911:
9716:Shanghai Spacecom Satellite Technology
7879: AMATEUR
7567:for the same purposes as those of the
9885:
9379:
9084:International Telecommunication Union
8926:
1370:Due to the complexity of finding the
1012:doppler corrected downlink frequency
568:2401.500 - 2409.500 MHz Uplink
559:2400.050 - 2400.300 MHz Uplink
386:designation, which is an acronym for
10958:
9864:
8599:
7730:7 000–7 100 AMATEUR
7531:-A and FASTRAC-B amateur satellite,
7445:
6603:(CAS-5A, Fengtai-OSCAR 118, FO-118)
375:to facilitate communication between
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
7559:A radiocommunication service using
2412:(RadioSkaf-15, RS-15, Radio-ROSTO)
1048:doppler corrected uplink frequency
930:. This phenomenon is known as the
902:Mode J: 2 m uplink / 70 cm downlink
642:
525:
382:Many amateur satellites receive an
373:amateur radio frequency allocations
24:
1213:
443:messaging transponder techniques.
149:
25:
11005:
9497:Automatic Tracking Satellite Dish
9079:International Amateur Radio Union
8952:
8857:
7586:is classified in accordance with
7575:
7511:, KF5BOC, flight engineer of the
6985:
5854:(BIT Progress-OSCAR 102, BO-102)
926:will vary during the course of a
390:. The designation is assigned by
170:Automatic Packet Reporting System
10957:
10947:
10938:
10937:
10926:
10547:Free-space optical communication
9863:
9852:
9851:
9001:
8910:
8898:
8836:"Amateur (ham) Radio Satellites"
8811:"Satellite Development Programs"
8619:from the original on 27 May 2015
8520:"FM Satellite Frequency Summary"
7480:First amateur-satellite station
7450:
7415:
7401:
7388:
7375:
7362:
7349:
7336:
7323:
7310:
7297:
7284:
7271:
7258:
7245:
7232:
7219:
7206:
7193:
7180:
7167:
7154:
7141:
7128:
7115:
7102:
7089:
7076:
7063:
7050:
7037:
7024:
6970:
6944:
6914:
6888:
6861:
6835:
6808:
6782:
6756:
6730:
6719:
6693:
6667:
6640:
6613:
6586:
6559:
6533:
6507:
6480:
6453:
6426:
6399:
6373:
6346:
6320:
6293:
6267:
6240:
6213:
6186:
6160:
6133:
6106:
6080:
6053:
6026:
5999:
5972:
5945:
5918:
5891:
5864:
5837:
5811:
5784:
5757:
5730:
5704:
5678:
5651:
5624:
5597:
5570:
5560:(Philippines-OSCAR 101, PO-101)
5543:
5516:
5489:
5463:
5436:
5409:
5382:
5355:
5329:
5302:
5275:
5249:
5223:
5196:
5169:
5142:
5115:
5088:
5061:
5034:
5008:
4984:
4960:
4933:
4906:
4878:
4852:
4826:
4799:
4787:
4758:
4731:
4705:
4678:
4644:
4610:
4584:
4558:
4532:
4506:
4479:
4452:
4426:
4399:
4365:
4331:
4297:
4271:
4244:
4217:
4190:
4163:
4137:
4111:
4085:
4059:
4033:
4006:
3979:
3952:
3919:
3892:
3866:
3839:
3813:
3787:
3761:
3735:
3709:
3683:
3657:
3631:
3605:
3579:
3553:
3527:
3500:
3474:
3448:
3385:
3358:
3346:
3315:
3288:
3254:
3228:
3202:
3176:
3149:
3115:
3088:
3061:
3034:
3007:
2980:
2953:
2926:
2899:
2868:
2841:
2814:
2787:
2760:
2733:
2706:
2679:
2667:
2641:
2614:
2587:
2553:
2526:
2514:
2488:
2476:
2449:
2422:
2395:
2368:
2341:
2314:
2287:
2260:
2233:
2206:
2179:
2152:
2125:
2098:
2071:
2044:
2017:
1990:
1963:
1936:
1909:
1882:
1855:
1843:
1816:
1790:
1763:
1736:
1709:
1682:
1655:
1628:
1601:
1574:
1547:
1520:
1445:
1401:
1145:the speed of light in a vacuum (
910:
489:Simple OSCAR beacon signal, 1962
316:
315:
41:
8767:from the original on 2006-07-20
8697:
8685:
8674:from the original on 2019-12-17
8660:
8649:from the original on 2021-04-19
8631:
8607:"VO-52 "Hamsat" end of mission"
8588:from the original on 2020-08-09
8557:from the original on 2022-06-17
8526:from the original on 2019-02-01
8492:from the original on 2019-04-12
8430:from the original on 2017-10-19
8211:Space research (space-to-Earth)
8176:Space research (space-to-Earth)
8141:Space research (space-to-Earth)
8108:Space research (space-to-Earth)
5587:(Qatar-OSCAR 100, QO-100, P4A)
2577:(GO-32, Gurwin-1b, Techsat-1b)
52:needs additional citations for
9094:ITU prefixes for amateur radio
8639:"AMSAT OSCAR Satellite Status"
8568:
8537:
8503:
8474:
8441:
8424:"AMSAT OSCAR Satellite Status"
8416:
8404:
6363:(HO-OSCAR 113, HO-113, CAS-9)
2088:(WeberSAT, WO-18, Microsat-3)
1805:Radio Sputniks RS3 through RS8
1351:
1332:
1293:
1274:
1171:{\displaystyle 3\times 10^{8}}
556:Narrowband Linear transponder
235:Internet Radio Linking Project
13:
1:
8397:
7533:University of Texas at Austin
2250:(KITSAT 1, KO-23, Uribyol-1)
2169:(RS-14, AO-21, Informator-1)
606:
565:Wideband digital transponder
10933:Telecommunication portal
10714:Telecommunications equipment
9818:ETSI Satellite Digital Radio
9542:Very-small-aperture terminal
7657:
7656:
5426:(OSCAR 91, AO-91, RadFxSat)
3402:(AO-54, SuitSat, Radioskaf)
2541:Thai-Microsatellite-OSCAR 31
2034:(Pacsat, AO-16, Microsat-1)
1488:Launches (past and current)
165:Automatic Link Establishment
7:
10450:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
9594:Digital audio radio service
9502:Motor-driven Satellite dish
8448:John A. Magliacane, KD2BD.
7662:
7426:Have Space Suit—Will Travel
6310:(MIRSAT-OSCAR 112, MO-112)
6230:(Magyar-OSCAR 110, MO-110)
6121:International Space Station
5989:(Magyar-OSCAR 106, MO-106)
5962:(Magyar-OSCAR 105, MO-105)
2115:(LUSAT, LO-19, Microsat-4)
1699:(OSCAR 8, AO-8, AO-D, P2D)
1672:(OSCAR 7, AO-7, AO-B, P2B)
1645:(OSCAR 6, AO-6, AO-C, P2A)
1440:
1421:(LEO) OSCAR satellites use
574:
508:
10:
11010:
10154:Telecommunications history
7583:radiocommunication service
7494:Amateur-satellite station
6576:(Italy-OSCAR 117, IO-117)
6470:(Nepal-OSCAR 116, NO-116)
6443:(Spain-OSCAR 115, SO-115)
6416:(Spain-OSCAR 114, SO-114)
4974:QB50P1 (EO-79, FUNcube-3)
3078:(AO-49, Safir-M, RUBIN 2)
2750:(AO-37, ASUsat-1, ASUSAT)
2604:(SEDSat, SO-33, SEDsat-1)
2061:(Dove, DO-17, Microsat-2)
2007:(UoSAT-4, UO-15, UoSAT-E)
1872:(UoSat-2, UO-11, UoSAT-B)
1386:that allows for automatic
946:to continue receiving the
467:
463:
458:
29:
10921:
10863:
10800:
10762:Public Switched Telephone
10722:
10686:
10643:
10584:
10574:telecommunication circuit
10535:Fiber-optic communication
10518:
10280:Francis Blake (telephone)
10227:
10075:Optical telecommunication
9919:
9847:
9826:
9805:
9754:
9649:Relay satellite companies
9648:
9602:
9550:
9469:
9446:High-throughput satellite
9431:Satellite Internet access
9413:
9347:
9296:
9186:
9165:
9119:
9112:
9071:
9010:
8999:
8960:
8322:
8289:
8256:
8225:
8190:
8155:
8122:
8087:
8058:
8029:
7996:
7967:
7907:
7874:
7841:
7812:
7783:
7754:
7729:
7658:
7603:Amateur-satellite service
7539:Amateur-satellite service
7465:Amateur-satellite service
5908:(Navy-OSCAR 104, NO-104)
5881:(Navy-OSCAR 103, NO-103)
5668:(Jordan-OSCAR 97, JO-97)
4234:(Cute-1.7+APD II, CO-65)
2223:(UOSAT 5, UO-22 UoSAT-F)
2142:(JAS 1B, FO-20, Fuji-1B)
1980:(UoSAT-3, UO-14 UoSAT-D)
1487:
1388:doppler effect correction
1308:
1250:
1205:
590:
76:"Amateur radio satellite"
18:Amateur-satellite service
10984:Amateur radio satellites
10673:Orbital angular-momentum
10110:Satellite communications
9949:Communications satellite
9407:Satellite communications
8973:Emergency communications
8725:
7590:(article 1) as follows:
7462:It has been merged from
7442:International regulation
7008:
6257:(DIY-OSCAR 111, DO-111)
5641:(VUsat-OSCAR 96, VO-96)
5292:(LUSEX OSCAR 87, LO-87)
5105:(OSCAR 84, NO-84, PSAT)
2385:(POSAT, PO-28, Posat-1)
1008:
612:Satellite communications
601:highly elliptical orbits
205:Emergency communications
10552:Molecular communication
10375:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
10204:Undersea telegraph line
9939:Cable protection system
9755:Satellite manufacturers
9043:International operation
8788:. N7HPR. Archived from
8545:"Fox-1 Operating Guide"
5774:(Fuji-OSCAR 99, FO-99)
5747:(Fuji-OSCAR 98, FO-98)
4496:(SumbandilaSat, SO-67)
3419:(XO-53, SSETI Express)
2916:(AO-40, Phase 3D, P3D)
2777:(OO-38, StenSat, OPAL)
2439:(JAS 2, FO-29, Fuji-2)
1953:(Phase 3C, AO-13, P3C)
1833:(Phase 3B, AO-10, P3B)
1427:amateur radio repeaters
503:amateur radio operators
369:amateur radio operators
361:amateur radio satellite
10694:Communication protocol
10480:Charles Sumner Tainter
10295:Walter Houser Brattain
10240:Edwin Howard Armstrong
10048:Information revolution
9365:Amateur radio in India
9309:Amateur radio software
9113:Modes of communication
9023:Amateur radio operator
8763:. Space Today Online.
8356:Additional allocations
7652:Allocation to services
7535:
7521:
7500:
7486:
6150:(AmSat Fox-1, AO-109)
3438:(CO-58, Cubesat XI-V)
1618:(OSCAR 5, AO-5, AO-A)
1414:
1358:
1300:
1242:
1172:
1134:
1095:
1066:
1037:
1001:
535:
490:
479:
290:Special event stations
180:Amateur radio operator
155:
32:OSCAR (disambiguation)
10668:Polarization-division
10400:Narinder Singh Kapany
10365:Erna Schneider Hoover
10285:Jagadish Chandra Bose
10265:Alexander Graham Bell
9996:online video platform
9304:Amateur radio station
9089:Frequency allocations
9063:Vintage amateur radio
8988:High-speed telegraphy
7968:5 830–5 850
7937:5 830–5 850
7588:ITU Radio Regulations
7527:
7506:
7492:
7478:
4180:(PEHUENSAT-1, PO-63)
3429:European Space Agency
3105:(SO-50, Saudisat-1C)
2943:(SO-43, Starshine 3)
2858:(SO-42, Saudisat 1B)
2831:(SO-41, Saudisat 1A)
1431:handheld transceivers
1409:
1359:
1301:
1243:
1173:
1135:
1096:
1067:
1038:
1036:{\displaystyle f_{u}}
1002:
1000:{\displaystyle f_{d}}
899:uplink / 2 m downlink
533:
488:
477:
225:High-speed telegraphy
220:High speed multimedia
210:Frequency allocations
153:
10510:Vladimir K. Zworykin
10470:Almon Brown Strowger
10440:Charles Grafton Page
10095:Prepaid mobile phone
10023:Electrical telegraph
9421:Satellite television
8482:"Es'hail 2 / QO-100"
8001: AMATEUR
7641:frequency allocation
7612:Frequency allocation
7545:) is – according to
7344:United Arab Emirates
7014:Multinational effort
6203:(Satish Dhawan Sat)
5337:United Arab Emirates
3051:(BO-48, IDEFIX CU2)
3024:(BO-47, IDEFIX CU1)
1753:(RadioSkaf-2, RS-2)
1726:(RadioSkaf-1, RS-1)
1423:frequency modulation
1392:Frequency modulation
1313:
1255:
1210:
1149:
1124:
1085:
1056:
1020:
984:
61:improve this article
10460:Johann Philipp Reis
10219:Wireless revolution
10181:The Telephone Cases
10038:Hydraulic telegraph
9806:Trade organizations
9797:Thales Alenia Space
9610:Astra Digital Radio
9603:Broadcast companies
9532:Satellite data unit
7557:(RR) – defined as «
4637:Beacon-Operational
4494:Sumbandila-OSCAR 67
4321:(Yubileiny, RS-30)
3493:Deployment failure
2194:Radio Sputnik 12/13
1924:Radio Sputnik 10/11
1198:Downlink Correction
1195:Change in frequency
1077:original frequency
441:"store-and-forward"
423:linear transponders
10994:Satellites by type
10658:Frequency-division
10635:Telephone exchange
10505:Charles Wheatstone
10435:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
10410:Innocenzo Manzetti
10345:Reginald Fessenden
10080:Optical telegraphy
9913:Telecommunications
9625:Sirius XM Holdings
9516:Parabolic antennas
8875:2015-01-25 at the
8792:on August 23, 2006
7536:
7522:
7501:
7487:
7432:Robert A. Heinlein
6601:Fengtai Shaonian 2
6485:
5693:D-Star ONE Sparrow
5614:(OSCAR 95, AO-95)
5533:(OSCAR 94, LO-94)
5506:(OSCAR 93, LO-93)
5453:(OSCAR 92, AO-92)
5213:(OSCAR 85, AO-85)
4664:2012-04-18 at the
4630:2013-05-28 at the
4385:2012-02-29 at the
4351:2012-10-25 at the
4317:2012-02-29 at the
4207:(Delfi-C3, DO-64)
4178:Pehuensat-OSCAR 63
3939:2011-07-16 at the
3517:(CO-56, Cute-1.7)
3274:2012-02-29 at the
3135:2012-02-29 at the
3049:BreizhSAT-OSCAR 48
3022:BreizhSAT-OSCAR 47
2997:(NO-45, Sapphire)
2941:Starshine-OSCAR 43
2883:Malaysian-OSCAR 46
2723:(UOSAT 12, UO-36)
2573:2012-02-29 at the
2358:(EYESAT-1, AO-27)
1564:(OSCAR 3, EGRS-3)
1415:
1384:computer interface
1354:
1296:
1238:
1201:Uplink Correction
1168:
1130:
1091:
1062:
1033:
997:
970:of the satellite.
581:linear transponder
536:
491:
480:
367:built and used by
260:Portable operation
156:
10971:
10970:
10709:Store and forward
10704:Data transmission
10618:Network switching
10569:Transmission line
10415:Guglielmo Marconi
10380:Internet pioneers
10245:Mohamed M. Atalla
10214:Whistled language
9879:
9878:
9436:Amateur satellite
9373:
9372:
9292:
9291:
8864:AMSAT Corporation
8719:978-0-87259-658-0
8668:"KiwiSAT, Status"
8450:"AMSAT Spotlight"
8353:
8352:
8336:AMATEUR-SATELLITE
8307:Amateur-satellite
8274:Amateur-satellite
8239:AMATEUR-SATELLITE
8208:Amateur-satellite
8171:Amateur-satellite
8136:AMATEUR-SATELLITE
8105:Amateur-satellite
8072:AMATEUR-SATELLITE
8043:AMATEUR-SATELLITE
8014:AMATEUR-SATELLITE
7978:Amateur-satellite
7955:Amateur-satellite
7921:AMATEUR-SATELLITE
7892:AMATEUR-SATELLITE
7855:AMATEUR-SATELLITE
7826:AMATEUR-SATELLITE
7797:AMATEUR-SATELLITE
7768:AMATEUR-SATELLITE
7741:AMATEUR-SATELLITE
7555:Radio Regulations
7473:
7472:
6983:
6982:
5617:Semi-Operational
5429:Semi-Operational
5399:01/02 (CAS 4A/B)
5001:Semi-Operational
4871:Non-Operational?
4816:(LUSAT-OSCAR 74)
4290:Semi-Operational
4261:(SEED II, CO-66)
3339:Non-Operational
2973:Semi-Operational
2631:(PAN SAT, PO-34)
2607:Semi-Operational
2543:(TMSAT-1, TO-31)
2442:Semi-Operational
2415:Semi-Operational
2331:(ITAMSAT, IO-26)
2037:Semi-Operational
1875:Semi-Operational
1675:Semi-Operational
1616:Australis-OSCAR 5
1372:relative velocity
1368:
1367:
1349:
1291:
1236:
1190:
1189:
1133:{\displaystyle c}
1094:{\displaystyle v}
1065:{\displaystyle f}
869:
868:
486:
427:store and forward
363:is an artificial
357:
356:
190:Direction finding
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
11001:
10961:
10960:
10951:
10950:
10941:
10940:
10931:
10930:
10929:
10802:Notable networks
10792:Wireless network
10732:Cellular network
10724:Types of network
10699:Computer network
10586:Network topology
10500:Thomas A. Watson
10355:Oliver Heaviside
10340:Philo Farnsworth
10315:Daniel Davis Jr.
10290:Charles Bourseul
10250:John Logie Baird
9959:Data compression
9954:Computer network
9906:
9899:
9892:
9883:
9882:
9867:
9866:
9855:
9854:
9782:Northrop Grumman
9461:Carriage dispute
9400:
9393:
9386:
9377:
9376:
9117:
9116:
9005:
8983:DX communication
8947:
8940:
8933:
8924:
8923:
8915:
8914:
8913:
8903:
8902:
8901:
8894:
8850:
8848:
8847:
8825:
8823:
8822:
8800:
8798:
8797:
8775:
8773:
8772:
8750:
8748:
8747:
8706:
8701:
8695:
8689:
8683:
8682:
8680:
8679:
8664:
8658:
8657:
8655:
8654:
8635:
8629:
8628:
8626:
8624:
8615:. 28 June 2017.
8603:
8597:
8596:
8594:
8593:
8587:
8580:
8572:
8566:
8565:
8563:
8562:
8556:
8549:
8541:
8535:
8534:
8532:
8531:
8516:
8510:
8507:
8501:
8500:
8498:
8497:
8478:
8472:
8471:
8461:
8453:
8445:
8439:
8438:
8436:
8435:
8420:
8414:
8408:
7983:(space-to-Earth)
7960:(space-to-Earth)
7944:(space-to-Earth)
7941:FIXED-SATELLITE
7720:RADIO NAVIGATION
7648:
7647:
7454:
7453:
7446:
7407:
7405:
7404:
7394:
7392:
7391:
7381:
7379:
7378:
7368:
7366:
7365:
7355:
7353:
7352:
7342:
7340:
7339:
7329:
7327:
7326:
7316:
7314:
7313:
7303:
7301:
7300:
7290:
7288:
7287:
7277:
7275:
7274:
7264:
7262:
7261:
7251:
7249:
7248:
7238:
7236:
7235:
7225:
7223:
7222:
7212:
7210:
7209:
7199:
7197:
7196:
7186:
7184:
7183:
7173:
7171:
7170:
7160:
7158:
7157:
7147:
7145:
7144:
7134:
7132:
7131:
7121:
7119:
7118:
7108:
7106:
7105:
7095:
7093:
7092:
7082:
7080:
7079:
7069:
7067:
7066:
7056:
7054:
7053:
7043:
7041:
7040:
7030:
7028:
7027:
6976:
6974:
6973:
6950:
6948:
6947:
6920:
6918:
6917:
6894:
6892:
6891:
6867:
6865:
6864:
6841:
6839:
6838:
6814:
6812:
6811:
6788:
6786:
6785:
6762:
6760:
6759:
6736:
6734:
6733:
6725:
6723:
6722:
6699:
6697:
6696:
6673:
6671:
6670:
6646:
6644:
6643:
6619:
6617:
6616:
6592:
6590:
6589:
6565:
6563:
6562:
6539:
6537:
6536:
6513:
6511:
6510:
6486:
6484:
6483:
6459:
6457:
6456:
6432:
6430:
6429:
6405:
6403:
6402:
6379:
6377:
6376:
6352:
6350:
6349:
6326:
6324:
6323:
6299:
6297:
6296:
6273:
6271:
6270:
6246:
6244:
6243:
6219:
6217:
6216:
6192:
6190:
6189:
6166:
6164:
6163:
6139:
6137:
6136:
6112:
6110:
6109:
6086:
6084:
6083:
6059:
6057:
6056:
6043:(CAS-6, TO-108)
6032:
6030:
6029:
6005:
6003:
6002:
5978:
5976:
5975:
5951:
5949:
5948:
5924:
5922:
5921:
5897:
5895:
5894:
5870:
5868:
5867:
5843:
5841:
5840:
5830:Non-Operational
5817:
5815:
5814:
5790:
5788:
5787:
5763:
5761:
5760:
5736:
5734:
5733:
5710:
5708:
5707:
5684:
5682:
5681:
5657:
5655:
5654:
5630:
5628:
5627:
5603:
5601:
5600:
5576:
5574:
5573:
5549:
5547:
5546:
5522:
5520:
5519:
5509:Non-Operational
5495:
5493:
5492:
5482:Non-Operational
5469:
5467:
5466:
5442:
5440:
5439:
5415:
5413:
5412:
5402:Non-Operational
5388:
5386:
5385:
5361:
5359:
5358:
5335:
5333:
5332:
5308:
5306:
5305:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5268:Non-Operational
5255:
5253:
5252:
5242:Non-Operational
5229:
5227:
5226:
5216:Non-Operational
5202:
5200:
5199:
5175:
5173:
5172:
5162:Non-Operational
5148:
5146:
5145:
5121:
5119:
5118:
5094:
5092:
5091:
5067:
5065:
5064:
5054:Non-Operational
5040:
5038:
5037:
5027:Non-Operational
5023:ARTSAT2-DESPATCH
5014:
5012:
5011:
4990:
4988:
4987:
4977:Non-Operational
4966:
4964:
4963:
4953:Non-Operational
4939:
4937:
4936:
4912:
4910:
4909:
4884:
4882:
4881:
4858:
4856:
4855:
4845:Non-Operational
4832:
4830:
4829:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4793:
4791:
4790:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4724:Non-Operational
4711:
4709:
4708:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4671:Non-Operational
4650:
4648:
4647:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4590:
4588:
4587:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4538:
4536:
4535:
4512:
4510:
4509:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4458:
4456:
4455:
4432:
4430:
4429:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4371:
4369:
4368:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4303:
4301:
4300:
4277:
4275:
4274:
4259:Cubesat-OSCAR 66
4250:
4248:
4247:
4232:Cubesat-OSCAR 65
4223:
4221:
4220:
4196:
4194:
4193:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4156:Non-Operational
4143:
4141:
4140:
4130:Non-Operational
4117:
4115:
4114:
4104:Non-Operational
4091:
4089:
4088:
4078:Non-Operational
4065:
4063:
4062:
4039:
4037:
4036:
4012:
4010:
4009:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3909:(HITSat, HO-59)
3898:
3896:
3895:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3520:Non-Operational
3515:CubeSat-OSCAR 56
3506:
3504:
3503:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3467:Non-Operational
3454:
3452:
3451:
3441:Non-Operational
3436:CubeSat-OSCAR 58
3422:Non-Operational
3417:eXpress-OSCAR 53
3391:
3389:
3388:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3336:, VO-52, VUSat)
3321:
3319:
3318:
3308:Non-Operational
3294:
3292:
3291:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3247:Non-Operational
3234:
3232:
3231:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3195:Non-Operational
3182:
3180:
3179:
3166:(CubeSat-XI-IV)
3164:CubeSat-OSCAR 57
3155:
3153:
3152:
3130:CubeSat-OSCAR 55
3121:
3119:
3118:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3081:Non-Operational
3067:
3065:
3064:
3054:Non-Operational
3040:
3038:
3037:
3027:Non-Operational
3013:
3011:
3010:
3000:Non-Operational
2986:
2984:
2983:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2919:Non-Operational
2905:
2903:
2902:
2892:Non-Operational
2874:
2872:
2871:
2861:Non-Operational
2847:
2845:
2844:
2834:Non-Operational
2820:
2818:
2817:
2807:Non-Operational
2804:(WO-39, JAWSAT)
2793:
2791:
2790:
2780:Non-Operational
2766:
2764:
2763:
2753:Non-Operational
2739:
2737:
2736:
2726:Non-Operational
2712:
2710:
2709:
2699:Non-Operational
2696:(SUNSAT, SO-35)
2685:
2683:
2682:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2634:Non-Operational
2620:
2618:
2617:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2580:Non-Operational
2559:
2557:
2556:
2546:Non-Operational
2532:
2530:
2529:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2469:Non-Operational
2455:
2453:
2452:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2410:Radio Sputnik 15
2401:
2399:
2398:
2388:Non-Operational
2374:
2372:
2371:
2361:Non-Operational
2347:
2345:
2344:
2334:Non-Operational
2320:
2318:
2317:
2307:Non-Operational
2293:
2291:
2290:
2280:Non-Operational
2277:(Arsene, AO-24)
2266:
2264:
2263:
2253:Non-Operational
2239:
2237:
2236:
2226:Non-Operational
2212:
2210:
2209:
2199:Non-Operational
2185:
2183:
2182:
2172:Non-Operational
2158:
2156:
2155:
2145:Non-Operational
2131:
2129:
2128:
2118:Non-Operational
2104:
2102:
2101:
2091:Non-Operational
2077:
2075:
2074:
2064:Non-Operational
2050:
2048:
2047:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2010:Non-Operational
1996:
1994:
1993:
1983:Non-Operational
1969:
1967:
1966:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1929:Non-Operational
1915:
1913:
1912:
1902:Non-Operational
1888:
1886:
1885:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1836:Non-Operational
1822:
1820:
1819:
1809:Non-Operational
1796:
1794:
1793:
1780:(UOSAT 1, UO-9)
1769:
1767:
1766:
1756:Non-Operational
1742:
1740:
1739:
1729:Non-Operational
1715:
1713:
1712:
1702:Non-Operational
1688:
1686:
1685:
1661:
1659:
1658:
1648:Non-Operational
1634:
1632:
1631:
1621:Non-Operational
1607:
1605:
1604:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1567:Non-Operational
1553:
1551:
1550:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1485:
1484:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1342:
1325:
1324:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1284:
1267:
1266:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1237:
1229:
1192:
1191:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1042:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1006:
1004:
1003:
998:
996:
995:
973:
972:
685:
684:
643:Mode designators
597:low Earth orbits
526:Other satellites
487:
429:digital relays.
349:
342:
335:
319:
318:
250:Operating awards
195:DX communication
139:
138:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
11009:
11008:
11004:
11003:
11002:
11000:
10999:
10998:
10974:
10973:
10972:
10967:
10927:
10925:
10917:
10859:
10796:
10718:
10682:
10639:
10588:
10580:
10521:
10514:
10420:Robert Metcalfe
10275:Tim Berners-Lee
10223:
10043:Information Age
9915:
9910:
9880:
9875:
9843:
9822:
9801:
9777:Lockheed Martin
9750:
9656:AST SpaceMobile
9644:
9598:
9552:Satellite radio
9546:
9527:Satellite modem
9522:Satellite phone
9507:Multi-satellite
9465:
9451:Relay satellite
9426:Satellite radio
9409:
9404:
9374:
9369:
9355:Shortwave radio
9343:
9288:
9269:Spread spectrum
9182:
9161:
9108:
9099:Maritime mobile
9067:
9006:
8997:
8956:
8951:
8921:
8911:
8909:
8899:
8897:
8889:
8877:Wayback Machine
8860:
8855:
8845:
8843:
8834:
8820:
8818:
8809:
8795:
8793:
8784:
8770:
8768:
8759:
8745:
8743:
8734:
8728:
8710:
8709:
8702:
8698:
8690:
8686:
8677:
8675:
8666:
8665:
8661:
8652:
8650:
8637:
8636:
8632:
8622:
8620:
8605:
8604:
8600:
8591:
8589:
8585:
8578:
8574:
8573:
8569:
8560:
8558:
8554:
8547:
8543:
8542:
8538:
8529:
8527:
8518:
8517:
8513:
8508:
8504:
8495:
8493:
8480:
8479:
8475:
8455:
8454:
8446:
8442:
8433:
8431:
8422:
8421:
8417:
8409:
8405:
8400:
8358:
8339:Radio astronomy
8338:
8324:
8305:
8303:
8291:
8272:
8270:
8258:
8242:Radio astronomy
8241:
8227:
8210:
8206:
8204:
8203:RADIO ASTRONOMY
8192:
8175:
8174:Radio astronomy
8173:
8169:
8157:
8140:
8139:Radio astronomy
8138:
8124:
8107:
8103:
8101:
8089:
8060:
8031:
8002:
7976:
7969:
7953:
7938:
7909:
7880:
7843:
7814:
7785:
7756:
7731:
7717:MARITIME MOBILE
7711:
7702:MARITIME MOBILE
7696:
7687:MARITIME MOBILE
7681:
7614:
7599:(article 1.56)
7597:Amateur service
7591:
7578:
7569:amateur service
7520:
7499:
7485:
7469:
7455:
7451:
7444:
7418:
7413:
7402:
7400:
7389:
7387:
7376:
7374:
7363:
7361:
7350:
7348:
7337:
7335:
7324:
7322:
7311:
7309:
7298:
7296:
7285:
7283:
7272:
7270:
7259:
7257:
7246:
7244:
7233:
7231:
7220:
7218:
7207:
7205:
7194:
7192:
7181:
7179:
7168:
7166:
7155:
7153:
7142:
7140:
7129:
7127:
7116:
7114:
7103:
7101:
7090:
7088:
7077:
7075:
7064:
7062:
7051:
7049:
7038:
7036:
7025:
7023:
7016:
7011:
6988:
6971:
6969:
6945:
6943:
6915:
6913:
6889:
6887:
6862:
6860:
6836:
6834:
6809:
6807:
6783:
6781:
6757:
6755:
6731:
6729:
6720:
6718:
6694:
6692:
6668:
6666:
6641:
6639:
6614:
6612:
6587:
6585:
6560:
6558:
6534:
6532:
6508:
6506:
6481:
6479:
6454:
6452:
6427:
6425:
6400:
6398:
6374:
6372:
6347:
6345:
6321:
6319:
6294:
6292:
6268:
6266:
6241:
6239:
6214:
6212:
6187:
6185:
6161:
6159:
6134:
6132:
6107:
6105:
6081:
6079:
6054:
6052:
6027:
6025:
6000:
5998:
5973:
5971:
5946:
5944:
5919:
5917:
5892:
5890:
5865:
5863:
5838:
5836:
5812:
5810:
5785:
5783:
5758:
5756:
5731:
5729:
5719:D-Star ONE iSat
5705:
5703:
5679:
5677:
5652:
5650:
5625:
5623:
5598:
5596:
5571:
5569:
5544:
5542:
5517:
5515:
5490:
5488:
5464:
5462:
5437:
5435:
5410:
5408:
5383:
5381:
5356:
5354:
5330:
5328:
5303:
5301:
5276:
5274:
5250:
5248:
5224:
5222:
5197:
5195:
5170:
5168:
5143:
5141:
5116:
5114:
5089:
5087:
5062:
5060:
5035:
5033:
5009:
5007:
4985:
4983:
4961:
4959:
4934:
4932:
4921:Lituanica SAT-1
4907:
4905:
4879:
4877:
4853:
4851:
4827:
4825:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4788:
4786:
4759:
4757:
4732:
4730:
4706:
4704:
4679:
4677:
4666:Wayback Machine
4645:
4643:
4632:Wayback Machine
4611:
4609:
4585:
4583:
4559:
4557:
4533:
4531:
4507:
4505:
4480:
4478:
4453:
4451:
4427:
4425:
4400:
4398:
4387:Wayback Machine
4366:
4364:
4353:Wayback Machine
4332:
4330:
4319:Wayback Machine
4298:
4296:
4272:
4270:
4245:
4243:
4218:
4216:
4191:
4189:
4164:
4162:
4138:
4136:
4112:
4110:
4086:
4084:
4060:
4058:
4034:
4032:
4007:
4005:
3980:
3978:
3953:
3951:
3941:Wayback Machine
3920:
3918:
3907:HITSat-OSCAR 59
3893:
3891:
3885:Launch Failure
3867:
3865:
3859:Launch Failure
3840:
3838:
3832:Launch Failure
3814:
3812:
3806:Launch Failure
3788:
3786:
3780:Launch Failure
3762:
3760:
3754:Launch Failure
3736:
3734:
3728:Launch Failure
3710:
3708:
3702:Launch Failure
3684:
3682:
3676:Launch Failure
3658:
3656:
3650:Launch Failure
3632:
3630:
3624:Launch Failure
3606:
3604:
3598:Launch Failure
3580:
3578:
3572:Launch Failure
3554:
3552:
3546:Launch Failure
3528:
3526:
3501:
3499:
3475:
3473:
3449:
3447:
3386:
3384:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3347:
3345:
3316:
3314:
3289:
3287:
3276:Wayback Machine
3255:
3253:
3229:
3227:
3203:
3201:
3177:
3175:
3150:
3148:
3137:Wayback Machine
3116:
3114:
3089:
3087:
3062:
3060:
3035:
3033:
3008:
3006:
2981:
2979:
2970:(NO-44, PCSat)
2954:
2952:
2927:
2925:
2900:
2898:
2869:
2867:
2842:
2840:
2815:
2813:
2788:
2786:
2761:
2759:
2734:
2732:
2707:
2705:
2694:Sunsat-OSCAR 35
2680:
2678:
2668:
2666:
2642:
2640:
2629:Pansat-OSCAR 34
2615:
2613:
2602:SEDSat-OSCAR 33
2588:
2586:
2575:Wayback Machine
2568:Gurwin-OSCAR 32
2554:
2552:
2527:
2525:
2515:
2513:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2477:
2475:
2464:Mexico-OSCAR 30
2450:
2448:
2423:
2421:
2396:
2394:
2369:
2367:
2342:
2340:
2315:
2313:
2302:KitSAT-OSCAR 25
2288:
2286:
2275:Arsene-OSCAR 24
2261:
2259:
2248:KitSAT-OSCAR 23
2234:
2232:
2207:
2205:
2180:
2178:
2153:
2151:
2126:
2124:
2099:
2097:
2072:
2070:
2045:
2043:
2018:
2016:
1991:
1989:
1964:
1962:
1937:
1935:
1910:
1908:
1899:(JAS 1, FO-12)
1883:
1881:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1844:
1842:
1817:
1815:
1791:
1789:
1764:
1762:
1751:Radio Sputnik 2
1737:
1735:
1724:Radio Sputnik 1
1710:
1708:
1683:
1681:
1656:
1654:
1629:
1627:
1602:
1600:
1575:
1573:
1548:
1546:
1521:
1519:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1448:
1443:
1419:low Earth orbit
1404:
1396:single-sideband
1378:. Many modern
1364:
1341:
1320:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1283:
1262:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1228:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1162:
1158:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1115:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1027:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1017:
991:
987:
985:
982:
981:
913:
831:
765:
758:
751:
744:
737:
730:
723:
716:
709:
702:
695:
645:
614:
609:
593:
577:
528:
511:
482:
472:
466:
461:
353:
240:Maritime mobile
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
11007:
10997:
10996:
10991:
10986:
10969:
10968:
10966:
10965:
10955:
10945:
10935:
10922:
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10916:
10915:
10908:
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10898:
10893:
10888:
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10886:
10881:
10873:
10867:
10865:
10861:
10860:
10858:
10857:
10852:
10847:
10842:
10837:
10832:
10827:
10822:
10817:
10812:
10806:
10804:
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10797:
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10794:
10789:
10784:
10779:
10774:
10769:
10764:
10759:
10754:
10749:
10744:
10739:
10734:
10728:
10726:
10720:
10719:
10717:
10716:
10711:
10706:
10701:
10696:
10690:
10688:
10684:
10683:
10681:
10680:
10675:
10670:
10665:
10660:
10655:
10653:Space-division
10649:
10647:
10641:
10640:
10638:
10637:
10632:
10631:
10630:
10625:
10615:
10614:
10613:
10603:
10598:
10592:
10590:
10582:
10581:
10579:
10578:
10577:
10576:
10566:
10565:
10564:
10554:
10549:
10544:
10543:
10542:
10532:
10526:
10524:
10516:
10515:
10513:
10512:
10507:
10502:
10497:
10492:
10490:Camille Tissot
10487:
10482:
10477:
10472:
10467:
10465:Claude Shannon
10462:
10457:
10455:Tivadar Puskás
10452:
10447:
10442:
10437:
10432:
10427:
10425:Antonio Meucci
10422:
10417:
10412:
10407:
10402:
10397:
10395:Charles K. Kao
10392:
10387:
10382:
10377:
10372:
10370:Harold Hopkins
10367:
10362:
10357:
10352:
10347:
10342:
10337:
10332:
10327:
10322:
10317:
10312:
10307:
10302:
10297:
10292:
10287:
10282:
10277:
10272:
10270:Emile Berliner
10267:
10262:
10257:
10252:
10247:
10242:
10237:
10231:
10229:
10225:
10224:
10222:
10221:
10216:
10211:
10209:Videotelephony
10206:
10201:
10200:
10199:
10194:
10184:
10177:
10172:
10166:
10161:
10156:
10151:
10146:
10145:
10144:
10139:
10134:
10124:
10123:
10122:
10112:
10107:
10105:Radiotelephone
10102:
10097:
10092:
10087:
10082:
10077:
10072:
10071:
10070:
10060:
10055:
10050:
10045:
10040:
10035:
10030:
10025:
10020:
10015:
10010:
10009:
10008:
10003:
9998:
9993:
9991:Internet video
9983:
9982:
9981:
9976:
9971:
9966:
9956:
9951:
9946:
9941:
9936:
9931:
9925:
9923:
9917:
9916:
9909:
9908:
9901:
9894:
9886:
9877:
9876:
9874:
9873:
9861:
9848:
9845:
9844:
9842:
9841:
9836:
9830:
9828:
9824:
9823:
9821:
9820:
9815:
9809:
9807:
9803:
9802:
9800:
9799:
9794:
9789:
9784:
9779:
9774:
9769:
9764:
9758:
9756:
9752:
9751:
9749:
9748:
9743:
9738:
9733:
9728:
9723:
9718:
9713:
9708:
9703:
9698:
9693:
9688:
9683:
9678:
9673:
9668:
9663:
9658:
9652:
9650:
9646:
9645:
9643:
9642:
9637:
9632:
9627:
9622:
9617:
9612:
9606:
9604:
9600:
9599:
9597:
9596:
9591:
9586:
9581:
9576:
9571:
9566:
9560:
9558:
9548:
9547:
9545:
9544:
9539:
9534:
9529:
9524:
9519:
9512:Satellite dish
9509:
9504:
9499:
9494:
9489:
9484:
9479:
9473:
9471:
9467:
9466:
9464:
9463:
9458:
9453:
9448:
9443:
9441:Ground station
9438:
9433:
9428:
9423:
9417:
9415:
9411:
9410:
9403:
9402:
9395:
9388:
9380:
9371:
9370:
9368:
9367:
9362:
9357:
9351:
9349:
9345:
9344:
9342:
9341:
9336:
9331:
9326:
9321:
9316:
9311:
9306:
9300:
9298:
9294:
9293:
9290:
9289:
9287:
9286:
9281:
9276:
9271:
9266:
9261:
9256:
9251:
9241:
9236:
9231:
9226:
9221:
9216:
9211:
9206:
9201:
9196:
9190:
9188:
9184:
9183:
9181:
9180:
9175:
9169:
9167:
9163:
9162:
9160:
9159:
9154:
9149:
9144:
9139:
9134:
9129:
9123:
9121:
9114:
9110:
9109:
9107:
9106:
9101:
9096:
9091:
9086:
9081:
9075:
9073:
9069:
9068:
9066:
9065:
9060:
9055:
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9045:
9040:
9035:
9030:
9025:
9020:
9014:
9012:
9008:
9007:
9000:
8998:
8996:
8995:
8990:
8985:
8980:
8975:
8970:
8964:
8962:
8958:
8957:
8950:
8949:
8942:
8935:
8927:
8920:
8919:
8907:
8887:
8886:
8880:
8867:
8859:
8858:External links
8856:
8854:
8853:
8852:
8851:
8829:
8828:
8827:
8826:
8804:
8803:
8802:
8801:
8779:
8778:
8777:
8776:
8754:
8753:
8752:
8751:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8723:
8722:
8708:
8707:
8696:
8684:
8659:
8630:
8598:
8567:
8536:
8511:
8502:
8488:. 2015-06-05.
8473:
8440:
8415:
8402:
8401:
8399:
8396:
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8389:
8388:
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8287:
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8281:
8280:
8279:
8278:
8277:
8276:
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8212:
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8180:
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8150:
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8148:
8147:
8146:
8145:
8144:
8143:
8142:
8120:
8119:
8118:
8117:
8116:
8115:
8114:
8113:
8112:
8111:
8110:
8109:
8100:RADIOLOCATIONY
8085:
8084:
8083:
8082:
8081:
8080:
8079:
8078:
8077:
8076:
8075:
8074:
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8019:
8018:
8017:
8016:
7994:
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7990:
7989:
7988:
7987:
7986:
7985:
7973:
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7965:
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7963:
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7950:
7947:
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7932:
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7930:
7929:
7928:
7927:
7926:
7925:
7924:
7923:
7905:
7904:
7903:
7902:
7901:
7900:
7899:
7898:
7897:
7896:
7895:
7894:
7872:
7871:
7868:
7867:
7866:
7865:
7864:
7863:
7862:
7861:
7860:
7859:
7858:
7857:
7839:
7838:
7837:
7836:
7835:
7834:
7833:
7832:
7831:
7830:
7829:
7828:
7810:
7809:
7808:
7807:
7806:
7805:
7804:
7803:
7802:
7801:
7800:
7799:
7781:
7780:
7779:
7778:
7777:
7776:
7775:
7774:
7773:
7772:
7771:
7770:
7752:
7751:
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7749:
7748:
7747:
7746:
7745:
7744:
7743:
7727:
7726:
7725:
7724:
7721:
7718:
7715:
7708:
7707:
7706:
7703:
7700:
7693:
7692:
7691:
7688:
7685:
7674:
7673:
7670:
7669:
7666:
7663:
7655:
7654:
7646:
7645:
7643:
7636:
7635:
7632:
7629:
7613:
7610:
7609:
7608:
7607:
7606:
7605:(article 1.57)
7577:
7576:Classification
7574:
7561:space stations
7507:
7493:
7479:
7471:
7470:
7458:
7456:
7449:
7443:
7440:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7411:
7398:
7385:
7372:
7359:
7346:
7333:
7320:
7307:
7294:
7281:
7268:
7255:
7242:
7229:
7216:
7203:
7190:
7177:
7164:
7151:
7138:
7125:
7112:
7099:
7086:
7073:
7071:United Kingdom
7060:
7047:
7034:
7020:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7006:
7005:
6998:microsatellite
6987:
6986:In development
6984:
6981:
6980:
6967:
6964:
6961:
6955:
6954:
6941:
6938:
6935:
6925:
6924:
6911:
6908:
6905:
6899:
6898:
6885:
6882:
6879:
6872:
6871:
6858:
6855:
6852:
6846:
6845:
6832:
6829:
6826:
6819:
6818:
6805:
6802:
6799:
6793:
6792:
6779:
6776:
6773:
6767:
6766:
6753:
6750:
6747:
6741:
6740:
6716:
6713:
6710:
6708:RoseyCubesat-1
6704:
6703:
6690:
6687:
6684:
6678:
6677:
6664:
6661:
6658:
6651:
6650:
6637:
6634:
6631:
6624:
6623:
6610:
6607:
6604:
6597:
6596:
6583:
6580:
6577:
6570:
6569:
6556:
6553:
6550:
6544:
6543:
6541:Czech Republic
6530:
6527:
6524:
6518:
6517:
6504:
6501:
6498:
6491:
6490:
6477:
6474:
6471:
6464:
6463:
6450:
6447:
6444:
6437:
6436:
6423:
6420:
6417:
6410:
6409:
6407:Czech Republic
6396:
6393:
6390:
6384:
6383:
6370:
6367:
6364:
6357:
6356:
6343:
6340:
6337:
6331:
6330:
6317:
6314:
6311:
6304:
6303:
6290:
6287:
6284:
6278:
6277:
6264:
6261:
6258:
6251:
6250:
6237:
6234:
6231:
6224:
6223:
6210:
6207:
6204:
6197:
6196:
6183:
6180:
6177:
6171:
6170:
6157:
6154:
6151:
6144:
6143:
6130:
6127:
6124:
6117:
6116:
6103:
6100:
6097:
6091:
6090:
6077:
6074:
6071:
6064:
6063:
6050:
6047:
6044:
6037:
6036:
6023:
6020:
6017:
6016:(Jinniuzuo-1)
6010:
6009:
5996:
5993:
5990:
5983:
5982:
5969:
5966:
5963:
5956:
5955:
5942:
5939:
5936:
5929:
5928:
5915:
5912:
5909:
5902:
5901:
5888:
5885:
5882:
5875:
5874:
5861:
5858:
5855:
5848:
5847:
5834:
5831:
5828:
5822:
5821:
5808:
5805:
5802:
5801:(ExseedSat-2)
5795:
5794:
5781:
5778:
5775:
5768:
5767:
5754:
5751:
5748:
5741:
5740:
5727:
5724:
5721:
5715:
5714:
5701:
5698:
5695:
5689:
5688:
5675:
5672:
5669:
5662:
5661:
5648:
5645:
5642:
5635:
5634:
5621:
5618:
5615:
5608:
5607:
5594:
5591:
5588:
5581:
5580:
5567:
5564:
5561:
5554:
5553:
5540:
5537:
5534:
5527:
5526:
5513:
5510:
5507:
5500:
5499:
5486:
5483:
5480:
5474:
5473:
5460:
5457:
5454:
5447:
5446:
5433:
5430:
5427:
5420:
5419:
5406:
5403:
5400:
5393:
5392:
5379:
5376:
5373:
5372:(QB50, LO-90)
5366:
5365:
5352:
5349:
5346:
5340:
5339:
5326:
5323:
5320:
5313:
5312:
5299:
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5286:
5285:
5272:
5269:
5266:
5260:
5259:
5246:
5243:
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5233:
5220:
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5214:
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5179:
5166:
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5160:
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5139:
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5133:
5126:
5125:
5112:
5109:
5106:
5099:
5098:
5085:
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5079:
5072:
5071:
5058:
5055:
5052:
5045:
5044:
5031:
5028:
5025:
5019:
5018:
5005:
5002:
4999:
4995:
4994:
4981:
4978:
4975:
4971:
4970:
4968:United Kingdom
4957:
4954:
4951:
4944:
4943:
4930:
4927:
4924:
4917:
4916:
4903:
4900:
4897:
4889:
4888:
4875:
4872:
4869:
4863:
4862:
4849:
4846:
4843:
4837:
4836:
4823:
4820:
4817:
4810:
4809:
4795:United Kingdom
4784:
4781:
4778:
4769:
4768:
4755:
4752:
4749:
4742:
4741:
4728:
4725:
4722:
4716:
4715:
4702:
4699:
4696:
4689:
4688:
4675:
4672:
4669:
4655:
4654:
4641:
4638:
4635:
4634:(XW-1, HO-68)
4621:
4620:
4607:
4604:
4601:
4595:
4594:
4581:
4578:
4575:
4569:
4568:
4555:
4552:
4549:
4543:
4542:
4529:
4526:
4523:
4517:
4516:
4503:
4500:
4497:
4490:
4489:
4476:
4473:
4470:
4463:
4462:
4449:
4446:
4443:
4437:
4436:
4423:
4420:
4417:
4410:
4409:
4396:
4393:
4390:
4376:
4375:
4362:
4359:
4356:
4342:
4341:
4328:
4325:
4322:
4308:
4307:
4294:
4291:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4268:
4265:
4262:
4255:
4254:
4241:
4238:
4235:
4228:
4227:
4214:
4211:
4208:
4205:Delfi-OSCAR 64
4201:
4200:
4187:
4184:
4181:
4174:
4173:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4148:
4147:
4134:
4131:
4128:
4122:
4121:
4108:
4105:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4082:
4079:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4056:
4053:
4050:
4044:
4043:
4030:
4027:
4024:
4023:(FCAL, NO-62)
4017:
4016:
4003:
4000:
3997:
3996:(ANDE, NO-61)
3990:
3989:
3976:
3973:
3970:
3969:(RAFT, NO-60)
3963:
3962:
3949:
3946:
3943:
3930:
3929:
3916:
3913:
3910:
3903:
3902:
3889:
3886:
3883:
3877:
3876:
3863:
3860:
3857:
3856:(Mea Huaka'i)
3850:
3849:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3824:
3823:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3798:
3797:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3758:
3755:
3752:
3746:
3745:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3706:
3703:
3700:
3694:
3693:
3680:
3677:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3654:
3651:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3628:
3625:
3622:
3616:
3615:
3602:
3599:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3550:
3547:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3524:
3521:
3518:
3511:
3510:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3485:
3484:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3432:
3431:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3413:
3412:
3411:International
3409:
3406:
3403:
3400:AMSAT-OSCAR 54
3396:
3395:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3369:
3368:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3330:VUSat-OSCAR 52
3326:
3325:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3305:(Echo, AO-51)
3303:AMSAT-OSCAR 51
3299:
3298:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3278:(Mozhayets 4)
3265:
3264:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3160:
3159:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3126:
3125:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3103:Saudi-OSCAR 50
3099:
3098:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3076:AATiS-OSCAR 49
3072:
3071:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3045:
3044:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3018:
3017:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2991:
2990:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2964:
2963:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2937:
2936:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2914:AMSAT-OSCAR 40
2910:
2909:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2879:
2878:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2856:Saudi-OSCAR 42
2852:
2851:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2829:Saudi-OSCAR 41
2825:
2824:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2802:Weber-OSCAR 39
2798:
2797:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2771:
2770:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2744:
2743:
2741:United Kingdom
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:UoSat-OSCAR 36
2717:
2716:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2690:
2689:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2625:
2624:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2598:
2597:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2564:
2563:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2537:
2536:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2460:
2459:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2433:
2432:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2406:
2405:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:POSAT-OSCAR 28
2379:
2378:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:AMRAD-OSCAR 27
2352:
2351:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:Italy-OSCAR 26
2325:
2324:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2298:
2297:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2271:
2270:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2244:
2243:
2241:United Kingdom
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:UoSat-OSCAR 22
2217:
2216:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2190:
2189:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:AMSAT-OSCAR 21
2163:
2162:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2136:
2135:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:LUSAT-OSCAR 19
2109:
2108:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:Weber-OSCAR 18
2082:
2081:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2055:
2054:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:AMSAT-OSCAR 16
2028:
2027:
2025:United Kingdom
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:UOSAT-OSCAR 15
2001:
2000:
1998:United Kingdom
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:UOSAT-OSCAR 14
1974:
1973:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:AMSAT-OSCAR 13
1947:
1946:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1920:
1919:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1893:
1892:
1890:United Kingdom
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:UoSat-OSCAR 11
1866:
1865:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:AMSAT-OSCAR 10
1827:
1826:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:United Kingdom
1787:
1784:
1781:
1774:
1773:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1747:
1746:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1720:
1719:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1693:
1692:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1666:
1665:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1639:
1638:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1612:
1611:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1585:
1584:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1558:
1557:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1531:
1530:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1403:
1400:
1366:
1365:
1353:
1348:
1345:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1309:
1307:
1295:
1290:
1287:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1251:
1249:
1235:
1232:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1188:
1187:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1143:
1140:
1129:
1118:
1117:
1104:
1101:
1090:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1061:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1030:
1026:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1007:
994:
990:
978:
977:
932:Doppler effect
928:satellite pass
912:
909:
908:
907:
906:
905:
904:
903:
900:
893:
873:
872:
871:
870:
867:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
827:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
767:
766:
761:
759:
754:
752:
747:
745:
740:
738:
733:
731:
726:
724:
719:
717:
712:
710:
705:
703:
698:
696:
691:
689:
644:
641:
613:
610:
608:
605:
592:
589:
576:
573:
546:. (There is a
527:
524:
510:
507:
468:Main article:
465:
462:
460:
457:
355:
354:
352:
351:
344:
337:
329:
326:
325:
324:
323:
310:
309:
308:
307:
305:Vintage radios
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
160:Antenna theory
146:
145:
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11006:
10995:
10992:
10990:
10989:Amateur radio
10987:
10985:
10982:
10981:
10979:
10964:
10956:
10954:
10946:
10944:
10936:
10934:
10924:
10923:
10920:
10913:
10909:
10907:
10904:
10902:
10899:
10897:
10894:
10892:
10889:
10885:
10882:
10880:
10877:
10876:
10874:
10872:
10869:
10868:
10866:
10862:
10856:
10853:
10851:
10848:
10846:
10843:
10841:
10838:
10836:
10833:
10831:
10828:
10826:
10823:
10821:
10818:
10816:
10813:
10811:
10808:
10807:
10805:
10803:
10799:
10793:
10790:
10788:
10785:
10783:
10780:
10778:
10775:
10773:
10770:
10768:
10765:
10763:
10760:
10758:
10755:
10753:
10750:
10748:
10745:
10743:
10740:
10738:
10735:
10733:
10730:
10729:
10727:
10725:
10721:
10715:
10712:
10710:
10707:
10705:
10702:
10700:
10697:
10695:
10692:
10691:
10689:
10685:
10679:
10678:Code-division
10676:
10674:
10671:
10669:
10666:
10664:
10663:Time-division
10661:
10659:
10656:
10654:
10651:
10650:
10648:
10646:
10642:
10636:
10633:
10629:
10626:
10624:
10621:
10620:
10619:
10616:
10612:
10609:
10608:
10607:
10604:
10602:
10599:
10597:
10594:
10593:
10591:
10589:and switching
10587:
10583:
10575:
10572:
10571:
10570:
10567:
10563:
10560:
10559:
10558:
10555:
10553:
10550:
10548:
10545:
10541:
10540:optical fiber
10538:
10537:
10536:
10533:
10531:
10530:Coaxial cable
10528:
10527:
10525:
10523:
10517:
10511:
10508:
10506:
10503:
10501:
10498:
10496:
10493:
10491:
10488:
10486:
10483:
10481:
10478:
10476:
10473:
10471:
10468:
10466:
10463:
10461:
10458:
10456:
10453:
10451:
10448:
10446:
10445:Radia Perlman
10443:
10441:
10438:
10436:
10433:
10431:
10428:
10426:
10423:
10421:
10418:
10416:
10413:
10411:
10408:
10406:
10403:
10401:
10398:
10396:
10393:
10391:
10388:
10386:
10383:
10381:
10378:
10376:
10373:
10371:
10368:
10366:
10363:
10361:
10358:
10356:
10353:
10351:
10348:
10346:
10343:
10341:
10338:
10336:
10335:Lee de Forest
10333:
10331:
10330:Thomas Edison
10328:
10326:
10323:
10321:
10320:Donald Davies
10318:
10316:
10313:
10311:
10308:
10306:
10305:Claude Chappe
10303:
10301:
10298:
10296:
10293:
10291:
10288:
10286:
10283:
10281:
10278:
10276:
10273:
10271:
10268:
10266:
10263:
10261:
10258:
10256:
10253:
10251:
10248:
10246:
10243:
10241:
10238:
10236:
10233:
10232:
10230:
10226:
10220:
10217:
10215:
10212:
10210:
10207:
10205:
10202:
10198:
10195:
10193:
10190:
10189:
10188:
10185:
10183:
10182:
10178:
10176:
10173:
10170:
10167:
10165:
10162:
10160:
10157:
10155:
10152:
10150:
10149:Smoke signals
10147:
10143:
10140:
10138:
10135:
10133:
10130:
10129:
10128:
10127:Semiconductor
10125:
10121:
10118:
10117:
10116:
10113:
10111:
10108:
10106:
10103:
10101:
10098:
10096:
10093:
10091:
10088:
10086:
10083:
10081:
10078:
10076:
10073:
10069:
10066:
10065:
10064:
10061:
10059:
10056:
10054:
10051:
10049:
10046:
10044:
10041:
10039:
10036:
10034:
10031:
10029:
10026:
10024:
10021:
10019:
10016:
10014:
10011:
10007:
10004:
10002:
9999:
9997:
9994:
9992:
9989:
9988:
9987:
9986:Digital media
9984:
9980:
9977:
9975:
9972:
9970:
9967:
9965:
9962:
9961:
9960:
9957:
9955:
9952:
9950:
9947:
9945:
9942:
9940:
9937:
9935:
9932:
9930:
9927:
9926:
9924:
9922:
9918:
9914:
9907:
9902:
9900:
9895:
9893:
9888:
9887:
9884:
9872:
9871:
9862:
9860:
9859:
9850:
9849:
9846:
9840:
9837:
9835:
9832:
9831:
9829:
9825:
9819:
9816:
9814:
9811:
9810:
9808:
9804:
9798:
9795:
9793:
9790:
9788:
9785:
9783:
9780:
9778:
9775:
9773:
9770:
9768:
9765:
9763:
9760:
9759:
9757:
9753:
9747:
9744:
9742:
9739:
9737:
9734:
9732:
9729:
9727:
9724:
9722:
9719:
9717:
9714:
9712:
9709:
9707:
9704:
9702:
9699:
9697:
9694:
9692:
9689:
9687:
9684:
9682:
9679:
9677:
9674:
9672:
9669:
9667:
9664:
9662:
9659:
9657:
9654:
9653:
9651:
9647:
9641:
9638:
9636:
9633:
9631:
9628:
9626:
9623:
9621:
9618:
9616:
9613:
9611:
9608:
9607:
9605:
9601:
9595:
9592:
9590:
9587:
9585:
9582:
9580:
9577:
9575:
9572:
9570:
9567:
9565:
9562:
9561:
9559:
9557:
9553:
9549:
9543:
9540:
9538:
9535:
9533:
9530:
9528:
9525:
9523:
9520:
9517:
9513:
9510:
9508:
9505:
9503:
9500:
9498:
9495:
9493:
9490:
9488:
9485:
9483:
9482:Monoblock LNB
9480:
9478:
9475:
9474:
9472:
9468:
9462:
9459:
9457:
9454:
9452:
9449:
9447:
9444:
9442:
9439:
9437:
9434:
9432:
9429:
9427:
9424:
9422:
9419:
9418:
9416:
9414:Main articles
9412:
9408:
9401:
9396:
9394:
9389:
9387:
9382:
9381:
9378:
9366:
9363:
9361:
9358:
9356:
9353:
9352:
9350:
9346:
9340:
9337:
9335:
9334:Two-way radio
9332:
9330:
9327:
9325:
9322:
9320:
9317:
9315:
9312:
9310:
9307:
9305:
9302:
9301:
9299:
9295:
9285:
9282:
9280:
9277:
9275:
9272:
9270:
9267:
9265:
9262:
9260:
9257:
9255:
9252:
9249:
9245:
9242:
9240:
9237:
9235:
9232:
9230:
9229:Hellschreiber
9227:
9225:
9222:
9220:
9217:
9215:
9212:
9210:
9207:
9205:
9202:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9192:
9191:
9189:
9185:
9179:
9176:
9174:
9171:
9170:
9168:
9164:
9158:
9155:
9153:
9150:
9148:
9145:
9143:
9140:
9138:
9135:
9133:
9130:
9128:
9125:
9124:
9122:
9118:
9115:
9111:
9105:
9102:
9100:
9097:
9095:
9092:
9090:
9087:
9085:
9082:
9080:
9077:
9076:
9074:
9070:
9064:
9061:
9059:
9056:
9054:
9051:
9049:
9046:
9044:
9041:
9039:
9036:
9034:
9031:
9029:
9026:
9024:
9021:
9019:
9016:
9015:
9013:
9009:
9004:
8994:
8991:
8989:
8986:
8984:
8981:
8979:
8976:
8974:
8971:
8969:
8966:
8965:
8963:
8959:
8955:
8954:Amateur radio
8948:
8943:
8941:
8936:
8934:
8929:
8928:
8925:
8918:
8908:
8906:
8896:
8895:
8892:
8884:
8881:
8878:
8874:
8871:
8870:Project OSCAR
8868:
8865:
8862:
8861:
8842:on 2006-08-31
8841:
8837:
8833:
8832:
8831:
8830:
8817:on 2006-08-23
8816:
8812:
8808:
8807:
8806:
8805:
8791:
8787:
8783:
8782:
8781:
8780:
8766:
8762:
8758:
8757:
8756:
8755:
8742:on 2006-10-05
8741:
8737:
8733:
8732:
8731:
8730:
8720:
8716:
8712:
8711:
8705:
8700:
8694:
8688:
8673:
8669:
8663:
8648:
8644:
8643:www.amsat.org
8640:
8634:
8618:
8614:
8613:
8608:
8602:
8584:
8577:
8571:
8553:
8546:
8540:
8525:
8521:
8515:
8506:
8491:
8487:
8483:
8477:
8469:
8465:
8459:
8451:
8444:
8429:
8425:
8419:
8413:
8407:
8403:
8395:
8385:
8382:
8379:
8376:
8373:
8370:
8367:
8366:
8365:
8364:
8363:
8362:
8361:
8337:
8334:
8333:
8332:
8331:
8330:
8329:
8328:
8327:
8326:
8325:
8321:
8308:
8302:RADIOLOCATION
8301:
8300:
8299:
8298:
8297:
8296:
8295:
8294:
8293:
8292:
8288:
8275:
8269:RADIOLOCATION
8268:
8267:
8266:
8265:
8264:
8263:
8262:
8261:
8260:
8259:
8255:
8240:
8237:
8236:
8235:
8234:
8233:
8232:
8231:
8230:
8229:
8228:
8224:
8209:
8202:
8201:
8200:
8199:
8198:
8197:
8196:
8195:
8194:
8193:
8189:
8172:
8167:
8166:
8165:
8164:
8163:
8162:
8161:
8160:
8159:
8158:
8154:
8137:
8134:
8133:
8132:
8131:
8130:
8129:
8128:
8127:
8126:
8125:
8121:
8106:
8099:
8098:
8097:
8096:
8095:
8094:
8093:
8092:
8091:
8090:
8086:
8073:
8070:
8069:
8068:
8067:
8066:
8065:
8064:
8063:
8062:
8061:
8057:
8044:
8041:
8040:
8039:
8038:
8037:
8036:
8035:
8034:
8033:
8032:
8028:
8015:
8012:
8011:
8010:
8009:
8008:
8007:
8006:
8005:
8004:
8003:
8000:
7995:
7984:
7981:
7980:
7979:
7974:
7972:RADIOLOCATION
7971:
7970:
7961:
7958:
7957:
7956:
7951:
7949:RADIOLOCATION
7948:
7943:
7942:
7940:
7939:
7936:
7935:
7922:
7919:
7918:
7917:
7916:
7915:
7914:
7913:
7912:
7911:
7910:
7906:
7893:
7890:
7889:
7888:
7887:
7886:
7885:
7884:
7883:
7882:
7881:
7878:
7873:
7856:
7853:
7852:
7851:
7850:
7849:
7848:
7847:
7846:
7845:
7844:
7840:
7827:
7824:
7823:
7822:
7821:
7820:
7819:
7818:
7817:
7816:
7815:
7811:
7798:
7795:
7794:
7793:
7792:
7791:
7790:
7789:
7788:
7787:
7786:
7782:
7769:
7766:
7765:
7764:
7763:
7762:
7761:
7760:
7759:
7758:
7757:
7753:
7742:
7739:
7738:
7737:
7736:
7735:
7734:
7733:
7732:
7728:
7722:
7719:
7716:
7713:
7712:
7709:
7704:
7701:
7698:
7697:
7694:
7689:
7686:
7683:
7682:
7680:
7676:
7675:
7667:
7664:
7661:
7653:
7644:
7642:
7638:
7637:
7633:
7630:
7627:
7626:
7625:
7621:
7619:
7604:
7601:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7594:
7593:
7589:
7585:
7584:
7573:
7571:
7570:
7566:
7562:
7556:
7552:
7548:
7544:
7540:
7534:
7530:
7526:
7518:
7514:
7513:Expedition 24
7510:
7509:Doug Wheelock
7505:
7497:
7491:
7483:
7477:
7467:
7466:
7461:
7457:
7448:
7447:
7439:
7437:
7433:
7429:
7427:
7422:
7416:Related names
7410:
7399:
7397:
7386:
7384:
7373:
7371:
7360:
7358:
7347:
7345:
7334:
7332:
7321:
7319:
7308:
7306:
7295:
7293:
7282:
7280:
7269:
7267:
7256:
7254:
7243:
7241:
7230:
7228:
7217:
7215:
7204:
7202:
7191:
7189:
7178:
7176:
7165:
7163:
7152:
7150:
7139:
7137:
7126:
7124:
7113:
7111:
7100:
7098:
7087:
7085:
7074:
7072:
7061:
7059:
7048:
7046:
7035:
7033:
7032:United States
7022:
7021:
7019:
7003:
6999:
6995:
6994:
6990:
6989:
6979:
6968:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6956:
6953:
6942:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6930:
6927:
6926:
6923:
6922:United States
6912:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6900:
6897:
6886:
6883:
6880:
6877:
6874:
6873:
6870:
6859:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6847:
6844:
6833:
6830:
6827:
6824:
6821:
6820:
6817:
6806:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6794:
6791:
6780:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6768:
6765:
6754:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6742:
6739:
6728:
6717:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6705:
6702:
6691:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6682:INSPIRE-Sat 7
6680:
6679:
6676:
6665:
6662:
6659:
6657:(APRSDP-BTN)
6656:
6653:
6652:
6649:
6638:
6635:
6632:
6629:
6626:
6625:
6622:
6611:
6608:
6605:
6602:
6599:
6598:
6595:
6584:
6581:
6578:
6575:
6572:
6571:
6568:
6557:
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6551:
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6542:
6531:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6519:
6516:
6505:
6502:
6499:
6496:
6493:
6492:
6489:
6478:
6475:
6472:
6469:
6466:
6465:
6462:
6451:
6448:
6445:
6442:
6439:
6438:
6435:
6424:
6421:
6418:
6415:
6412:
6411:
6408:
6397:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6385:
6382:
6371:
6368:
6365:
6362:
6359:
6358:
6355:
6344:
6341:
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6336:
6333:
6332:
6329:
6318:
6315:
6312:
6309:
6306:
6305:
6302:
6291:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6279:
6276:
6265:
6262:
6259:
6256:
6253:
6252:
6249:
6238:
6235:
6232:
6229:
6226:
6225:
6222:
6211:
6208:
6205:
6202:
6199:
6198:
6195:
6184:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6172:
6169:
6168:United States
6158:
6155:
6152:
6149:
6146:
6145:
6142:
6141:United States
6131:
6128:
6125:
6122:
6119:
6118:
6115:
6104:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6092:
6089:
6078:
6075:
6072:
6069:
6066:
6065:
6062:
6051:
6048:
6045:
6042:
6039:
6038:
6035:
6024:
6021:
6018:
6015:
6012:
6011:
6008:
5997:
5994:
5991:
5988:
5985:
5984:
5981:
5970:
5967:
5964:
5961:
5958:
5957:
5954:
5953:United States
5943:
5940:
5937:
5934:
5931:
5930:
5927:
5926:United States
5916:
5913:
5910:
5907:
5904:
5903:
5900:
5899:United States
5889:
5886:
5883:
5880:
5877:
5876:
5873:
5862:
5859:
5856:
5853:
5850:
5849:
5846:
5835:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5823:
5820:
5809:
5806:
5803:
5800:
5797:
5796:
5793:
5782:
5779:
5776:
5773:
5770:
5769:
5766:
5755:
5752:
5749:
5746:
5743:
5742:
5739:
5728:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5713:
5702:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5690:
5687:
5676:
5673:
5670:
5667:
5664:
5663:
5660:
5649:
5646:
5643:
5640:
5637:
5636:
5633:
5632:United States
5622:
5619:
5616:
5613:
5610:
5609:
5606:
5595:
5592:
5589:
5586:
5583:
5582:
5579:
5568:
5565:
5562:
5559:
5556:
5555:
5552:
5541:
5538:
5535:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5525:
5514:
5511:
5508:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5498:
5487:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5475:
5472:
5471:United States
5461:
5458:
5455:
5452:
5449:
5448:
5445:
5444:United States
5434:
5431:
5428:
5425:
5422:
5421:
5418:
5407:
5404:
5401:
5398:
5395:
5394:
5391:
5380:
5377:
5374:
5371:
5368:
5367:
5364:
5353:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5341:
5338:
5327:
5324:
5321:
5318:
5315:
5314:
5311:
5300:
5297:
5294:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5284:
5273:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5258:
5247:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5232:
5231:United States
5221:
5218:
5215:
5212:
5209:
5208:
5205:
5194:
5191:
5188:
5185:
5182:
5181:
5178:
5167:
5164:
5161:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5151:
5140:
5137:
5134:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5124:
5123:United States
5113:
5110:
5107:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5097:
5096:United States
5086:
5083:
5080:
5077:
5074:
5073:
5070:
5059:
5056:
5053:
5050:
5047:
5046:
5043:
5032:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5020:
5017:
5006:
5003:
5000:
4997:
4996:
4993:
4982:
4979:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4969:
4958:
4955:
4952:
4949:
4946:
4945:
4942:
4931:
4928:
4925:
4922:
4919:
4918:
4915:
4904:
4901:
4898:
4895:
4891:
4890:
4887:
4876:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4864:
4861:
4860:United States
4850:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4835:
4824:
4821:
4818:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4808:
4796:
4785:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4767:
4766:United States
4756:
4753:
4750:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4740:
4729:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4714:
4703:
4700:
4697:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4687:
4686:United States
4676:
4673:
4670:
4667:
4663:
4660:
4657:
4656:
4653:
4642:
4639:
4636:
4633:
4629:
4626:
4625:Hope Oscar 68
4623:
4622:
4619:
4608:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4593:
4582:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4567:
4556:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4541:
4530:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4515:
4504:
4501:
4498:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4488:
4487:United States
4477:
4474:
4471:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4461:
4460:United States
4450:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4435:
4424:
4421:
4418:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4408:
4397:
4394:
4391:
4388:
4384:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4374:
4363:
4360:
4357:
4354:
4350:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4340:
4329:
4326:
4323:
4320:
4316:
4313:
4310:
4309:
4306:
4295:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4280:
4269:
4266:
4263:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4253:
4242:
4239:
4237:Operational?
4236:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4226:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4199:
4188:
4185:
4182:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4172:
4171:United States
4161:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4146:
4145:United States
4135:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4120:
4119:United States
4109:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4094:
4083:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4068:
4067:United States
4057:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4042:
4041:United States
4031:
4028:
4025:
4022:
4021:Navy-OSCAR 62
4019:
4018:
4015:
4014:United States
4004:
4001:
3998:
3995:
3994:Navy-OSCAR 61
3992:
3991:
3988:
3987:United States
3977:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3967:Navy-OSCAR 60
3965:
3964:
3961:
3960:United States
3950:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3928:
3917:
3914:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3875:
3874:United States
3864:
3861:
3858:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3848:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3822:
3821:United States
3811:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3796:
3795:United States
3785:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3770:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3744:
3743:United States
3733:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3718:
3717:United States
3707:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3692:
3691:United States
3681:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3666:
3665:United States
3655:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3639:United States
3629:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3614:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3587:United States
3577:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3562:
3561:United States
3551:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3536:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3509:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3457:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3427:
3424:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3393:United States
3383:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3367:
3355:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3324:
3323:United States
3313:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3015:United States
3005:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2995:Navy-OSCAR 45
2993:
2992:
2989:
2988:United States
2978:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2968:Navy-OSCAR 44
2966:
2965:
2962:
2961:United States
2951:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2935:
2934:United States
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2850:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2823:
2822:United States
2812:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2795:United States
2785:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2775:OPAL-OSCAR 38
2773:
2772:
2769:
2768:United States
2758:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2676:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2649:United States
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2622:United States
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2535:
2523:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2497:
2485:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2437:Fuji-OSCAR 29
2435:
2434:
2431:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2404:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2376:United States
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2140:Fuji-OSCAR 20
2138:
2137:
2134:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2106:United States
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2059:Dove-OSCAR 17
2057:
2056:
2053:
2052:United States
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1897:Fuji-OSCAR 12
1895:
1894:
1891:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1852:
1851:United States
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1778:UoSat-OSCAR 9
1776:
1775:
1772:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1717:United States
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1697:AMSAT-OSCAR 8
1695:
1694:
1691:
1690:United States
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1670:AMSAT-OSCAR 7
1668:
1667:
1664:
1663:United States
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1643:AMSAT-OSCAR 6
1641:
1640:
1637:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1609:United States
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1582:United States
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1555:United States
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1528:United States
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1453:
1452:chronological
1446:Past launches
1438:
1436:
1433:using manual
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1412:
1408:
1402:FM satellites
1399:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1346:
1343:
1338:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1288:
1285:
1280:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1263:
1259:
1233:
1230:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1185:
1181:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1144:
1141:
1127:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1088:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1059:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1028:
1024:
1016:
1015:
1011:
992:
988:
980:
979:
975:
974:
971:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
934:. While the
933:
929:
925:
922:
918:
911:Doppler shift
901:
898:
894:
891:
887:
883:
882:
881:
880:
879:
878:
877:
864:
861:
858:
855:
853:3.4 GHz
852:
850:2.4 GHz
849:
847:1.2 GHz
846:
844:435 MHz
843:
841:145 MHz
840:
837:
834:
829:
828:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
769:
768:
764:
760:
757:
753:
750:
746:
743:
739:
736:
732:
729:
725:
722:
718:
715:
711:
708:
704:
701:
697:
694:
690:
687:
686:
683:
682:
681:
680:
679:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
640:
638:
634:
630:
627:
623:
619:
604:
602:
598:
588:
587:connections.
586:
582:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
549:
545:
541:
532:
523:
520:
516:
506:
504:
500:
499:Discoverer 36
496:
476:
471:
456:
454:
450:
444:
442:
439:
435:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
395:
393:
389:
385:
380:
378:
377:amateur radio
374:
370:
366:
362:
350:
345:
343:
338:
336:
331:
330:
328:
327:
322:
314:
313:
312:
311:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
265:QRP operation
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
144:
143:Amateur radio
141:
140:
131:
128:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
10645:Multiplexing
10520:Transmission
10485:Nikola Tesla
10475:Henry Sutton
10430:Samuel Morse
10360:Robert Hooke
10325:Amos Dolbear
10260:John Bardeen
10179:
10159:Telautograph
10063:Mobile phone
10018:Edholm's law
10001:social media
9934:Broadcasting
9869:
9857:
9696:Intersputnik
9620:Dish Network
9435:
9339:Transceivers
9328:
9297:Technologies
9244:Packet radio
9187:Data/Digital
8844:. Retrieved
8840:the original
8819:. Retrieved
8815:the original
8794:. Retrieved
8790:the original
8769:. Retrieved
8744:. Retrieved
8740:the original
8703:
8699:
8692:
8687:
8676:. Retrieved
8662:
8651:. Retrieved
8642:
8633:
8621:. Retrieved
8610:
8601:
8590:. Retrieved
8570:
8559:. Retrieved
8539:
8528:. Retrieved
8514:
8505:
8494:. Retrieved
8485:
8476:
8443:
8432:. Retrieved
8418:
8411:
8406:
8393:
8368:
8359:
8335:
8306:
8273:
8238:
8207:
8170:
8135:
8104:
8071:
8042:
8013:
7982:
7977:
7959:
7954:
7920:
7891:
7854:
7825:
7796:
7767:
7740:
7710:135.7–137.8
7695:135.7–137.8
7677:135.7–137.8
7651:
7622:
7617:
7615:
7602:
7587:
7581:
7579:
7558:
7547:Article 1.57
7546:
7542:
7538:
7537:
7495:
7463:
7459:
7424:
7419:
7266:Saudi Arabia
7240:South Africa
7017:
6991:
6937:Operational
6907:Operational
6854:Operational
6828:Operational
6801:Operational
6749:Operational
6724:
6712:Operational
6660:Operational
6633:Operational
6606:Operational
6579:Operational
6526:Operational
6446:Operational
6419:Operational
6392:Operational
6366:Operational
6339:Operational
6286:Operational
6126:Operational
6073:Operational
6046:Operational
5723:Operational
5697:Operational
5671:Operational
5644:Operational
5590:Operational
5563:Operational
5536:Operational
5189:Operational
5135:Operational
5103:ParkinsonSAT
4819:Operational
4780:Operational
4603:Operational
4577:Operational
4551:Operational
4537:
4525:Operational
4514:South Africa
4392:Operational
4358:Operational
4324:Operational
4264:Operational
3281:Operational
3169:Operational
3142:Operational
3123:Saudi Arabia
3108:Operational
2876:Saudi Arabia
2849:Saudi Arabia
2748:ASU-OSCAR 37
2714:South Africa
2214:Soviet Union
2187:Soviet Union
1971:West Germany
1944:Soviet Union
1863:West Germany
1824:Soviet Union
1771:Soviet Union
1744:Soviet Union
1479:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1449:
1417:A number of
1416:
1411:Yagi antenna
1380:transceivers
1369:
963:
959:
955:
951:
943:
939:
914:
874:
865:47 GHz
862:24 GHz
859:10 GHz
838:29 MHz
835:21 MHz
762:
755:
748:
741:
734:
727:
720:
713:
706:
699:
692:
675:
667:
659:
655:
646:
633:Packet radio
615:
594:
585:packet radio
578:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
537:
512:
492:
445:
431:
411:packet radio
405:) and data (
396:
387:
383:
381:
360:
358:
274:
255:Packet radio
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
10845:NPL network
10557:Radio waves
10495:Alfred Vail
10405:Hedy Lamarr
10390:Dawon Kahng
10350:Elisha Gray
10310:Yogen Dalal
10235:Nasir Ahmed
10169:Teleprinter
10033:Heliographs
9706:SED Systems
9640:1worldspace
9456:Transponder
9033:DX-pedition
8993:Homebrewing
8917:Spaceflight
7639:Example of
7396:Philippines
7318:Netherlands
7175:South Korea
6966:2024-08-29
6940:2024-08-16
6910:2024-07-04
6884:2024-03-23
6857:2024-03-04
6831:2023-11-11
6804:2023-11-11
6790:Philippines
6778:2023-07-19
6752:2023-04-15
6727:Switzerland
6715:2023-04-15
6689:2023-04-15
6663:2023-02-10
6636:2022-11-12
6609:2022-12-09
6582:2022-07-13
6555:2022-05-25
6529:2022-05-25
6503:2022-01-13
6476:2022-01-13
6449:2022-01-13
6422:2022-01-13
6395:2022-01-03
6369:2021-12-26
6361:CAMSAT XW-3
6342:2021-08-17
6316:2021-06-03
6289:2021-03-22
6263:2021-03-22
6236:2021-03-22
6209:2021-02-28
6182:2021-01-24
6156:2024-01-17
6129:2020-09-02
6102:2020-07-03
6076:2019-12-26
6049:2019-12-20
6022:2019-12-09
5995:2019-12-06
5968:2019-12-06
5941:2019-11-02
5914:2019-06-25
5887:2019-06-25
5860:2019-07-25
5833:2019-05-12
5826:AztechSat 1
5807:2019-04-01
5780:2019-01-18
5753:2019-01-18
5726:2018-12-27
5700:2018-12-27
5674:2018-12-03
5647:2018-12-03
5639:ExseedSat-1
5620:2018-12-03
5593:2018-11-15
5578:Philippines
5566:2018-10-29
5539:2018-05-20
5512:2018-05-20
5497:South Korea
5485:2018-03-12
5459:2017-01-12
5432:2017-11-18
5405:2017-06-15
5378:2017-04-18
5351:2016-12-09
5325:2017-02-15
5298:2016-05-30
5271:2016-02-17
5245:2016-02-17
5219:2015-10-08
5192:2015-09-28
5165:2015-09-19
5138:2015-09-19
5111:2015-05-20
5084:2015-05-20
5078:(OSCAR 83)
5057:2014-12-03
5030:2014-12-03
5004:2014-07-19
4980:2014-07-19
4956:2014-07-08
4929:2014-02-27
4902:2014-02-27
4886:Netherlands
4874:2013-11-21
4848:2013-11-21
4822:2013-11-21
4807:Netherlands
4783:2013-11-21
4754:2013-11-20
4727:2013-05-07
4701:2012-02-13
4674:2011-10-28
4640:2009-12-15
4606:2009-09-23
4580:2009-09-23
4554:2009-09-23
4540:Switzerland
4528:2009-09-23
4502:2009-09-17
4475:2009-07-30
4448:2009-07-30
4422:2009-01-23
4395:2009-01-23
4361:2009-01-23
4327:2008-05-23
4293:2008-04-28
4267:2008-04-28
4240:2008-04-28
4225:Netherlands
4213:2008-04-28
4186:2007-10-01
4159:2007-04-17
4133:2007-04-17
4107:2007-04-17
4081:2007-04-17
4055:2007-03-09
4048:FalconSAT-3
4029:2006-12-21
4002:2006-12-21
3975:2006-12-21
3948:2006-12-16
3915:2006-09-22
3888:2006-07-26
3862:2006-07-26
3835:2006-07-26
3809:2006-07-26
3783:2006-07-26
3757:2006-07-26
3731:2006-07-26
3705:2006-07-26
3679:2006-07-26
3653:2006-07-26
3627:2006-07-26
3613:South Korea
3601:2006-07-26
3575:2006-07-26
3549:2006-07-26
3523:2006-02-21
3496:2005-10-27
3470:2005-10-27
3444:2005-10-27
3425:2005-10-27
3408:2005-09-08
3381:2005-08-03
3366:Netherlands
3342:2005-05-05
3311:2004-06-28
3284:2003-09-27
3250:2003-06-30
3243:AAU Cubesat
3224:2003-06-30
3198:2003-06-30
3172:2003-06-30
3145:2003-06-30
3111:2002-12-20
3084:2002-12-20
3057:2002-05-04
3030:2002-05-04
3003:2001-09-30
2976:2001-09-30
2949:2001-09-30
2922:2000-11-16
2895:2000-09-26
2864:2000-09-26
2837:2000-09-26
2810:2000-01-27
2783:2000-01-27
2756:2000-01-27
2729:1999-04-21
2702:1999-02-23
2663:1997-11-03
2637:1998-10-29
2610:1998-10-24
2583:1998-07-10
2549:1998-07-10
2510:1997-11-03
2472:1996-09-05
2445:1996-08-17
2418:1994-12-26
2391:1993-09-26
2364:1993-09-26
2337:1993-09-26
2322:South Korea
2310:1993-09-26
2283:1993-05-12
2268:South Korea
2256:1992-08-10
2229:1991-07-17
2202:1991-02-05
2175:1991-01-29
2148:1990-02-07
2121:1990-01-22
2094:1990-01-22
2067:1990-01-22
2040:1990-01-22
2013:1990-01-22
1986:1990-01-22
1959:1988-06-15
1932:1987-06-23
1905:1986-08-12
1878:1984-03-01
1839:1983-06-16
1812:1981-12-17
1786:1981-10-06
1759:1978-10-26
1732:1978-10-26
1705:1978-03-05
1678:1974-11-15
1651:1972-10-15
1624:1970-01-23
1597:1965-12-21
1570:1965-03-09
1543:1962-06-02
1516:1961-12-12
924:frequencies
856:5 GHz
688:Designator
515:Radio Shack
434:transponder
200:DX-pedition
10978:Categories
10891:Antarctica
10850:Toasternet
10772:Television
10255:Paul Baran
10187:Television
10171:(teletype)
10164:Telegraphy
10142:transistor
10120:Phryctoria
10090:Photophone
10068:Smartphone
10058:Mass media
9671:Globalstar
9166:Television
9072:Governance
9058:Radiosport
8978:Contesting
8961:Activities
8846:2006-09-07
8821:2006-09-05
8796:2006-09-05
8771:2006-09-05
8746:2006-09-05
8678:2019-12-11
8653:2021-04-19
8592:2020-04-27
8561:2020-04-27
8530:2019-01-31
8496:2019-06-22
8434:2017-10-20
8398:References
7997:10.5–10.6
7565:satellites
6548:ForeSail 1
6522:Planetum-1
6148:RadFxSat-2
5933:HuskySat-1
5745:OrigamiSat
5612:Fox-1Cliff
5370:LilacSat-1
5264:CHUBUSAT-3
5130:LilacSat-2
4950:(UKube-1)
4867:DELFI-N3XT
4659:AubieSat-1
4074:Libertad-1
3646:ICE Cube 2
3620:ICE Cube 1
2887:TIUNGSAT-1
2656:Sputnik 41
2503:Sputnik 40
1591:(OSCAR 4)
1537:(OSCAR 2)
1510:(OSCAR 1)
1382:include a
832:(General)
620:voice and
607:Operations
379:stations.
300:Television
275:Satellites
245:Morse code
185:Contesting
175:Call signs
117:April 2016
87:newspapers
10875:Americas
10864:Locations
10835:Internet2
10596:Bandwidth
10300:Vint Cerf
10197:streaming
10175:Telephone
10115:Semaphore
10006:streaming
9477:SAT>IP
9329:Satellite
9104:Licensing
8623:18 August
8581:. AMSAT.
8550:. AMSAT.
8522:. AMSAT.
7618:Article 5
7563:on earth
7436:Sputnik 1
7331:Indonesia
7110:Argentina
7045:Australia
7000:built by
6825:(SO-121)
6574:GreenCube
6468:SanoSat-1
6328:Mauritius
6308:MIR-Sat 1
6275:Argentina
6068:DOSAAF-85
6041:Tianqin-1
5935:(HO-107)
5879:BricSat-2
5585:Es'hail 2
5310:Argentina
5204:Indonesia
5132:(CAS-3H)
5076:BRICSat-P
5049:Shin’en-2
4948:FunCube-2
4941:Lithuania
4834:Argentina
4814:CubeBug-2
4773:FUNcube-1
4720:ESTCube-1
4521:SwissCube
4469:(BEVO-1)
4441:Aggiesat2
4389:(KISEKI)
4355:(HITOMI)
4286:COMPASS-1
4198:Argentina
3934:GeneSat-1
3375:(PCSAT2)
3139:(Cute-1)
2133:Argentina
1636:Australia
1562:OSCAR III
1499:Launched
1339:−
1226:×
1214:Δ
1156:×
948:satellite
936:satellite
888:uplink /
830:Frequency
666:band and
599:and into
519:QSL cards
495:Sputnik I
425:, and as
419:repeaters
365:satellite
10943:Category
10830:Internet
10820:CYCLADES
10737:Ethernet
10687:Concepts
10611:terminal
10562:wireless
10385:Bob Kahn
10228:Pioneers
10053:Internet
9944:Cable TV
9858:Category
9726:Starlink
9721:Star One
9691:Intelsat
9686:Inmarsat
9676:Hispasat
9666:Eutelsat
9661:EchoStar
9537:Spacebus
9470:Hardware
9219:EchoLink
9048:QSL card
8883:Work-Sat
8873:Archived
8765:Archived
8672:Archived
8647:Archived
8617:Archived
8583:Archived
8552:Archived
8524:Archived
8490:Archived
8486:AMSAT-UK
8458:cite web
8428:Archived
7875:28–29.7
7660:Region 1
7496:OSCAR 10
7305:Colombia
7253:Malaysia
7227:Thailand
7162:Portugal
7123:Pakistan
7002:AMSAT-ZL
6881:Decayed
6850:SONATE-2
6816:Slovakia
6797:Veronika
6775:Decayed
6686:Decayed
6628:XiWang-4
6552:Failure
6500:Decayed
6473:Decayed
6313:Decayed
6301:Slovakia
6282:GRBAlpha
6260:Decayed
6233:Decayed
6206:Decayed
6175:UVSQ-Sat
6153:Decayed
6099:Decayed
6070:(RS-44)
6019:Decayed
6014:Taurus-1
5992:Decayed
5965:Decayed
5938:Decayed
5911:Decayed
5884:Decayed
5857:Decayed
5804:Decayed
5777:Decayed
5750:Decayed
5558:Diwata-2
5456:Decayed
5397:ZHUHAI-1
5375:Decayed
5348:Decayed
5322:Decayed
5319:(EO-88)
5295:Decayed
5238:HORYU-IV
5186:(IO-86)
5184:Lapan-A2
5159:(CAS-3)
5108:Decayed
5081:Decayed
5051:(FO-82)
4926:Decayed
4923:(LO-78)
4899:Decayed
4896:(CO-77)
4775:(AO-73)
4751:Decayed
4748:(LO-75)
4698:Decayed
4695:(MO-72)
4668:(AO-71)
4662:Archived
4628:Archived
4547:ITUpSAT1
4499:Decayed
4472:Decayed
4467:PARADIGM
4445:Decayed
4419:Unknown
4416:(KUKAI)
4383:Archived
4349:Archived
4315:Archived
4210:Decayed
4183:Decayed
4093:Colombia
4052:Decayed
4026:Decayed
3999:Decayed
3972:Decayed
3945:Decayed
3937:Archived
3912:Decayed
3594:HAUSAT 1
3542:K7RR-Sat
3405:Decayed
3378:Decayed
3272:Archived
3221:Decayed
3133:Archived
2946:Decayed
2907:Malaysia
2885:(MO-46,
2660:Decayed
2571:Archived
2561:Thailand
2507:Decayed
2403:Portugal
1956:Decayed
1783:Decayed
1594:Decayed
1589:OSCAR IV
1540:Decayed
1535:OSCAR II
1513:Decayed
1502:Country
1441:Launches
1376:software
968:velocity
921:downlink
895:Mode B:
892:downlink
884:Mode A:
672:downlink
652:downlink
575:Hardware
544:CubeSats
509:OSCAR 10
321:Category
295:Stations
280:Software
270:QSL card
230:Homebrew
10963:Commons
10953:Outline
10906:Oceania
10825:FidoNet
10810:ARPANET
10623:circuit
10192:digital
9921:History
9870:Commons
9741:Turksat
9731:Telesat
9701:Iridium
9635:Allente
9615:DirecTV
9589:ISDB-S3
9584:DVB-S2X
9574:DVB-RCS
9348:Related
9279:WIRES-X
9038:Hamfest
9018:History
9011:Culture
8891:Portals
8304:Amateur
8271:Amateur
8205:Amateur
8168:Amateur
8102:Amateur
7975:Amateur
7952:Amateur
7723:Amateur
7705:Amateur
7690:Amateur
7549:of the
7541:(also:
7529:FASTRAC
7482:OSCAR 1
7421:SuitSat
7409:Hungary
7279:Germany
6993:KiwiSAT
6963:Future
6952:Germany
6903:MESAT-1
6876:Kashiwa
6869:Germany
6823:HADES-D
6567:Finland
6414:EASAT-2
6388:BDSat-2
6248:Hungary
6179:Rarely
6007:Hungary
5980:Hungary
5799:AISAT-1
5738:Germany
5712:Germany
5531:DSLWP-B
5504:DSLWP-A
5317:Nayif-1
5290:ÑuSat-1
5016:Belgium
4998:QB50P2
4992:Belgium
4894:INVADER
4892:ARTSAT
4841:$ 50SAT
4739:Estonia
4713:Hungary
4693:Masat-1
4618:Germany
4592:Germany
4305:Germany
3854:Voyager
3750:nCUBE 1
3698:KUTESat
3489:NCube-2
3482:Germany
3262:Denmark
3236:Denmark
3096:Germany
1496:Status
1480:country
1435:doppler
1178:
976:Where:
670:is the
662:is the
470:OSCAR 1
464:OSCAR 1
459:History
438:digital
285:Skywarn
215:Hamfest
101:scholar
10901:Europe
10871:Africa
10855:Usenet
10815:BITNET
10752:Mobile
10628:packet
10137:MOSFET
10132:device
9929:Beacon
9787:SpaceX
9767:Boeing
9762:Airbus
9746:Viasat
9736:Tooway
9681:Hughes
9630:Sky UK
9579:DVB-S2
9564:DVB-SH
9487:DiSEqC
9360:Q code
9254:PACTOR
9214:DAPNET
9209:D-STAR
9132:DSB-SC
9053:Q code
9028:Awards
8717:
7553:(ITU)
7519:, 2010
7498:, 1983
7484:, 1961
7406:
7393:
7383:Jordan
7380:
7367:
7354:
7341:
7328:
7315:
7302:
7289:
7276:
7263:
7250:
7237:
7224:
7214:Israel
7211:
7201:Mexico
7198:
7185:
7172:
7159:
7149:France
7146:
7136:Russia
7133:
7120:
7107:
7097:Brazil
7094:
7081:
7068:
7055:
7042:
7029:
6975:
6959:SAKURA
6949:
6919:
6893:
6866:
6840:
6813:
6787:
6771:MAYA-6
6764:Taiwan
6761:
6745:IRIS-C
6738:Monaco
6735:
6701:France
6698:
6675:Bhutan
6672:
6655:EOS–07
6645:
6618:
6591:
6564:
6538:
6515:Israel
6512:
6458:
6431:
6404:
6378:
6351:
6335:LEDSAT
6325:
6298:
6272:
6245:
6228:SMOG-1
6218:
6194:France
6191:
6165:
6138:
6123:(ISS)
6111:
6095:BY70-2
6088:Russia
6085:
6058:
6031:
6004:
5977:
5960:SMOG-P
5950:
5923:
5906:PSAT-2
5896:
5869:
5852:CAS-7B
5845:Mexico
5842:
5816:
5789:
5762:
5735:
5709:
5686:Jordan
5683:
5666:JY1Sat
5656:
5629:
5602:
5575:
5548:
5521:
5494:
5468:
5451:Fox-1D
5441:
5424:Fox-1B
5414:
5387:
5360:
5334:
5307:
5280:
5254:
5228:
5211:Fox-1A
5201:
5174:
5147:
5120:
5093:
5066:
5039:
5013:
4989:
4965:
4938:
4911:
4883:
4857:
4831:
4804:
4792:
4763:
4746:CAPE 2
4736:
4710:
4683:
4649:
4615:
4599:BEESAT
4589:
4566:Turkey
4563:
4511:
4484:
4457:
4431:
4404:
4380:KKS-1
4370:
4346:PRISM
4339:Russia
4336:
4312:RS-30
4302:
4276:
4249:
4222:
4195:
4168:
4142:
4116:
4100:CAPE-1
4090:
4064:
4038:
4011:
3984:
3957:
3924:
3897:
3881:PicPot
3871:
3844:
3818:
3802:SACRED
3792:
3776:RINCON
3769:Norway
3766:
3740:
3724:MEROPE
3714:
3688:
3662:
3636:
3610:
3584:
3558:
3532:
3508:Norway
3505:
3479:
3453:
3390:
3373:PCSat2
3363:
3351:
3334:HAMSAT
3320:
3296:Russia
3293:
3259:
3233:
3217:DTUSat
3210:Canada
3207:
3191:CanX-1
3181:
3154:
3120:
3093:
3069:France
3066:
3042:France
3039:
3012:
2985:
2958:
2931:
2904:
2873:
2846:
2819:
2792:
2765:
2738:
2711:
2687:Russia
2684:
2675:France
2672:
2646:
2619:
2595:Israel
2592:
2558:
2534:Russia
2531:
2522:France
2519:
2496:Russia
2493:
2484:Mexico
2481:
2454:
2430:Russia
2427:
2400:
2373:
2346:
2319:
2295:France
2292:
2265:
2238:
2211:
2184:
2157:
2130:
2103:
2079:Brazil
2076:
2049:
2022:
1995:
1968:
1941:
1914:
1887:
1860:
1848:
1821:
1795:
1768:
1741:
1714:
1687:
1660:
1633:
1606:
1579:
1552:
1525:
1463:orange
964:higher
952:higher
944:higher
940:higher
917:uplink
819:1.2 cm
664:uplink
658:where
648:Uplink
637:PSK-31
635:) and
591:Orbits
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
10884:South
10879:North
10840:JANET
10777:Telex
10767:Radio
10606:Nodes
10601:Links
10522:media
10100:Radio
10085:Pager
10013:Drums
9979:video
9974:image
9964:audio
9827:Lists
9772:INVAP
9569:S-DMB
9492:USALS
9204:AMTOR
9120:Voice
8905:Radio
8726:Notes
8612:AMSAT
8586:(PDF)
8579:(PDF)
8555:(PDF)
8548:(PDF)
8369:5.282
7714:FIXED
7699:FIXED
7684:FIXED
7580:This
7370:Qatar
7357:China
7292:India
7188:Italy
7084:Japan
7058:Spain
7009:Facts
6978:Japan
6896:Japan
6843:Spain
6648:China
6621:China
6594:Italy
6495:Tevel
6488:Nepal
6461:Spain
6441:HADES
6434:Spain
6381:China
6354:Italy
6255:DIY-1
6221:India
6201:SDSAT
6114:China
6061:China
6034:China
5987:ATL-1
5872:China
5819:India
5792:Japan
5772:NEXUS
5765:Japan
5659:India
5605:Qatar
5551:China
5524:China
5478:K2SAT
5417:China
5390:China
5363:Japan
5344:ITF 2
5283:Japan
5257:Japan
5177:China
5150:China
5069:Japan
5042:Japan
4914:Japan
4652:China
4573:UWE-2
4434:Japan
4414:STARS
4407:Japan
4373:Japan
4279:Japan
4252:Japan
3927:Japan
3900:Italy
3847:Japan
3828:SEEDS
3535:Japan
3463:UWE-1
3456:Japan
3354:India
3269:RS-22
3184:Japan
3157:Japan
2457:Japan
2349:Italy
2160:Japan
1917:Japan
1508:OSCAR
1493:Name
1475:black
1457:Green
960:lower
956:lower
897:70 cm
799:13 cm
794:23 cm
789:70 cm
770:Band
626:AX.25
540:JAS-1
453:AMSAT
449:AMSAT
421:, as
407:AX.25
392:AMSAT
384:OSCAR
108:JSTOR
94:books
10896:Asia
10782:UUCP
10742:ISDN
9314:IRLP
9274:C4FM
9264:RTTY
9248:APRS
9239:MFSK
9178:SSTV
8968:ARDF
8715:ISBN
8625:2015
8468:link
8464:link
6996:- A
6933:QUBE
6929:KUBE
6878:(柏)
6497:1-8
5157:XW-2
919:and
890:10 m
824:6 mm
814:3 cm
809:5 cm
804:9 cm
779:10 m
774:15 m
650:and
415:APRS
80:news
10787:WAN
10757:NGN
10747:LAN
10028:Fax
9969:DCT
9792:SSL
9711:SES
9324:SDR
9319:QRP
9284:DMR
9259:PSK
9234:DMT
9224:FT8
9199:ALE
9173:ATV
9147:AME
9142:SSB
9137:ISB
7999:GHz
7877:MHz
7679:kHz
7572:.»
7517:ISS
7430:by
4152:CP4
4126:CP3
3672:ION
3568:CP2
1469:Red
1186:).
886:2 m
784:2 m
676:X/y
656:X/Y
629:FSK
622:SSB
550:).
403:SSB
359:An
63:by
10980::
9556:TV
9554:/
9194:CW
9157:PM
9152:FM
9127:AM
8670:.
8645:.
8641:.
8609:.
8484:.
8460:}}
8456:{{
8426:.
2889:)
1160:10
735:S2
639:.
618:FM
603:.
451:.
413:,
409:,
401:,
399:FM
10914:)
10910:(
9905:e
9898:t
9891:v
9518:)
9514:(
9399:e
9392:t
9385:v
9250:)
9246:(
8946:e
8939:t
8932:v
8893::
8849:.
8824:.
8799:.
8774:.
8749:.
8721:.
8681:.
8656:.
8627:.
8595:.
8564:.
8533:.
8499:.
8470:)
8437:.
7468:.
7428:,
6931:/
3332:(
2677:/
2524:/
1352:)
1347:c
1344:v
1336:1
1333:(
1330:f
1327:=
1322:u
1318:f
1294:)
1289:c
1286:v
1281:+
1278:1
1275:(
1272:f
1269:=
1264:d
1260:f
1234:c
1231:v
1223:f
1220:=
1217:f
1184:s
1182:/
1180:m
1164:8
1153:3
1142:=
1128:c
1114:.
1112:s
1110:/
1108:m
1103:=
1089:v
1074:=
1060:f
1045:=
1029:u
1025:f
1009:=
993:d
989:f
763:R
756:K
749:X
742:C
728:S
721:L
714:U
707:V
700:A
693:H
668:Y
660:X
631:(
348:e
341:t
334:v
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
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