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between 1920 and 1945 to go public with the records of their work during that time, "including the names of policy owners and the status of the policies." American
Insurance, along with several other insurance companies and trade associations filed suit claiming that the Act exceeded the powers of
160:
A state statute requiring insurance companies to go public with some of their records in foreign countries in order to "facilitate
Holocaust-era insurance claims" by the state's residents is unconstitutional because it interferes with the federal government's sovereignty over foreign
285:
invalidated a
California law that required any insurance company wishing to do business in the state to publish information regarding insurance policies held by persons in Europe from 1920 through 1945.
335:
wrote the majority opinion for the
Supreme Court. The Court held that California's HVIRA "interfere with the president's ability to conduct the nation's foreign policy and is therefore preempted."
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the State of
California since it is the federal government that has the power to regulate commerce and foreign affairs. The District Court ruled in favor of the plaintiffs, however the
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in "an attempt to facilitate
Holocaust-era insurance claims by California residents." The law required that insurance companies in California that sold
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Does the HVIRA "interfere with the federal government's sovereignty over foreign affairs established by
Article 1 of the Constitution?"
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Cal. Ins. Code Ann. §§13800-13807 (Holocaust Victim
Insurance Relief Act of 1999)
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The
Holocaust Victim Insurance Relief Act (HVIRA) was enacted in 1999 by the
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United States
Supreme Court cases of the Rehnquist Court
430:"American Ins. Assn. v. Garamendi - 539 U.S. 396 (2003)"
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Souter, joined by Rehnquist, O'Connor, Kennedy, Breyer
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412:Gerling Global Reinsurance Corp. of America v. Low
394:Gerling Global Reinsurance Corp. of America v. Low
2259:
2278:United States Constitution Article Two case law
1700:Civilians targeted during anti-partisan warfare
281:, 539 U.S. 396 (2003), was a case in which the
2242:
2060:Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law
548:
349:: Oregon law with foreign policy implications
1759:List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust
253:Ginsburg, joined by Stevens, Scalia, Thomas
54:American Insurance Association v. Garamendi
24:American Insurance Association v. Garamendi
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100:Motion for summary judgment denied, 186
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456:American Insurance Ass'n v. Garamendi
370:American Insurance Ass'n v. Garamendi
18:2003 United States Supreme Court case
2201:
1347:Reich Association of Jews in Germany
2273:The Holocaust and the United States
2152:Armenian genocide and the Holocaust
432:. Oyez: Chicago-Kent College of Law
422:
13:
2215:Supreme Court of the United States
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283:Supreme Court of the United States
36:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
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2303:United States Supreme Court stubs
2288:United States Supreme Court cases
2283:United States federalism case law
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466:396 (2003) is available from:
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315:Question before the Supreme Court
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1715:Polish leaders and intellectuals
1205:Concentration Camps Inspectorate
29:
2298:2003 in United States case law
2268:Insurance in the United States
1643:Attack on the twentieth convoy
1456:1941 pogroms in eastern Poland
404:
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329:American Insurance Association
327:In a 5–4 decision in favor of
276:American Insurance Association
1:
353:
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2221:. You can help Knowledge by
2213:This article related to the
1980:Jewish war conspiracy theory
1171:Extermination through labour
399:186 F. Supp. 2d 1099
309:9th Circuit Court of Appeals
296:California State Legislature
7:
2162:Righteous Among the Nations
1377:
848:Righteous Among the Nations
338:
10:
2319:
2200:
1899:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
1869:Lithuanian Security Police
1788:Reich Security Main Office
755:Evidence and documentation
525:Oyez (oral argument audio)
401: (E.D. Cal. 2001).
2115:Books and other resources
2102:
2018:
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419: (9th Cir. 2002).
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1705:People with disabilities
1638:Aid and Rescue Committee
1846:Order Police battalions
311:reversed the decision.
1695:Soviet urban residents
786:International response
760:Contemporary knowledge
126:2002); cert. granted,
2142:Memorials and museums
2080:Reparations Agreement
2075:Holocaust restitution
1653:Le Chambon-sur-Lignon
1176:Human experimentation
1015:Auschwitz II-Birkenau
323:Decision of the Court
78:123 S. Ct. 2374; 156
45:Decided June 23, 2003
43:Argued April 23, 2003
1342:Jewish Ghetto Police
1211:Politische Abteilung
1106:Risiera di San Sabba
967:Natzweiler-Struthof
417:296 F.3d 832
2120:Days of remembrance
2033:Holocaust survivors
2028:Depopulated shtetls
1879:Rollkommando Hamann
1725:Jehovah's Witnesses
1543:Kamianets-Podilskyi
605:Bohemia and Moravia
516:Library of Congress
346:Zschernig v. Miller
221:Ruth Bader Ginsburg
193:Sandra Day O'Connor
2103:History and memory
2007:Forced euthanasia
1955:Nazi racial policy
1658:Danish underground
1505:Operation Reinhard
1500:Wannsee Conference
264:U.S. Const. art. I
181:Associate Justices
142:Rehearing denied,
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1985:Jewish emigration
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1970:Haavara Agreement
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1801:Sicherheitsdienst
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177:William Rehnquist
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2010:
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1874:Nederlandsche SS
1841:Police Regiments
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1591:Jewish partisans
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1510:Holocaust trains
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150:982 (2003).
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1648:Kastner train
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1435:Kristallnacht
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1218:Sanitätswesen
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1181:Death marches
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1007:Extermination
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821:United States
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564:The Holocaust
558:
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480:CourtListener
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173:Chief Justice
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27:
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2223:expanding it
2212:
2197:
2172:Yizkor books
1833:
1780:
1525:
1473:in Lithuania
1433:
1331:
1216:
1209:
1198:
1132:
1110:
1091:
1072:
1055:
838:by Catholics
707:Soviet Union
575:By territory
455:
436:December 29,
434:. Retrieved
424:
411:
406:
393:
388:
383: (2003).
369:
344:
326:
318:
293:
278:v. Garamendi
274:
273:
272:
258:Laws applied
224:
212:
209:David Souter
200:
188:
112:
92:Case history
71:
53:
15:
2178:Never again
2009:(Action T4)
1935:Remembrance
1720:Homosexuals
1690:Soviet POWs
1618:Częstochowa
1166:Gas chamber
977:Ravensbrück
918:Gross-Rosen
913:Flossenbürg
796:Philippines
728:Yugoslavia
687:Netherlands
615:Sudetenland
102:F. Supp. 2d
2262:Categories
2167:Yad Vashem
2147:Uniqueness
2002:Nisko Plan
1775:Nazi Party
1583:Resistance
1553:Ninth Fort
1418:Vel' d'Hiv
1190:Nazi units
1128:Westerbork
1118:Amersfoort
972:Neuengamme
953:Mauthausen
933:Kaiserwald
903:Buchenwald
682:Luxembourg
354:References
290:Background
139:Subsequent
84:U.S. LEXIS
82:376; 2003
2125:Education
2020:Aftermath
1932:Aftermath
1894:Trawnikis
1818:Wehrmacht
1813:Waffen-SS
1613:Białystok
1441:Bucharest
1413:Marseille
1290:Elsewhere
1251:Białystok
1063:Breendonk
1040:Treblinka
893:Auschwitz
677:Lithuania
109:E.D. Cal.
80:L. Ed. 2d
60:Citations
2110:Academia
1563:Piaśnica
1533:Babi Yar
1461:Jedwabne
1400:Roundups
1333:Judenrat
1297:Budapest
1068:Mechelen
1030:Majdanek
987:Stutthof
948:Majdanek
843:by Poles
801:Portugal
779:Response
770:Timeline
748:Overview
610:Slovakia
597:Bulgaria
454:Text of
339:See also
300:policies
242:Majority
161:affairs.
124:9th Cir.
2137:Lessons
1573:Rumbula
1446:Dorohoi
1427:Pogroms
1379:Victims
1229:Ghettos
1161:Gas van
1149:Methods
1123:Schoorl
1101:Bolzano
1049:Transit
1035:Sobibor
1025:Chełmno
992:Vaivara
928:Hinzert
873:ghettos
826:Vatican
732:Croatia
722:Ukraine
712:Belarus
702:Romania
654:Hungary
637:Germany
627:Estonia
622:Denmark
592:Belgium
587:Austria
582:Albania
489:Findlaw
471:Cornell
250:Dissent
155:Holding
111:2001),
2043:Bricha
1809:(Orpo)
1682:Others
1668:Żegota
1630:Rescue
1608:Warsaw
1568:Ponary
1478:Kaunas
1281:Warsaw
1266:Lublin
1256:Kraków
1243:Poland
1087:Drancy
1020:Belzec
997:Warsaw
908:Dachau
816:Turkey
811:Sweden
737:Serbia
717:Russia
697:Poland
692:Norway
672:Latvia
642:Greece
632:France
528:
522:
519:
513:
510:
507:Justia
504:
501:
495:
492:
486:
483:
477:
474:
468:
415:,
397:,
372:,
304:Europe
227:
225:·
223:
215:
213:·
211:
203:
201:·
199:
191:
189:·
187:
115:, 296
2217:is a
2157:Humor
2130:Films
1827:Units
1558:Odesa
1408:Izieu
1322:Vilna
1307:Minsk
1302:Kovno
1276:Radom
1140:Sereď
957:Gusen
938:Kauen
869:Camps
806:Spain
791:Japan
665:Libya
659:Italy
462:
376:
146:
130:
113:aff'd
97:Prior
2219:stub
2048:List
1803:(SD)
1783:(SS)
1466:Lviv
1451:Iași
1391:Jews
1312:Riga
1271:Lwów
1261:Łódź
1233:list
1082:Gurs
955:and
871:and
464:U.S.
438:2013
378:U.S.
148:U.S.
132:U.S.
117:F.3d
105:1099
86:4797
73:more
65:U.S.
63:539
1197:SS-
460:539
381:396
374:539
144:539
128:537
120:832
68:396
2264::
1134:sk
1112:nl
1094:it
1075:fr
1057:be
458:,
362:^
331:,
2250:e
2243:t
2236:v
2225:.
2180:"
2176:"
1493:"
1489:"
1235:)
1231:(
556:e
549:t
542:v
440:.
122:(
107:(
76:)
70:(
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