1882:
977:
2679:
2736:
160:
5250:
1626:
5061:
1453:, impacted the authority of clergyman and scripture, making way for democratic principles. The increase in population helped account for the greater diversity of opinion in religious and political life, as seen in the literature of this time. In 1670, the population of the colonies numbered approximately 111,000. Thirty years later, it was more than 250,000. By 1760, it reached 1,600,000. The growth of communities, and therefore social life, led people to become more interested in the progress of individuals and their shared experience in the colonies. These new ideas can be seen in the popularity of
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516:
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180:
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1945:. Neal criticized Irving and Cooper for relying on old British conventions of authorship to frame American phenomena, arguing that "to succeed ... must resemble nobody ... must be unlike all that have gone before " and issue "another Declaration of Independence, in the great Republic of Letters." As a pioneer of the literary device he referred to "natural writing", Neal was "the first in America to be natural in his diction" and his work represents "the first deviation from ... Irvingesque graciousness."
243:
191:
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1017:
literature was larger than what was published in North
America. However, printing was established in the American colonies before it was allowed in most of England. In England, restrictive laws had long confined printing to four locations, where the government could monitor what was published: London, York, Oxford, and Cambridge. Because of this, the colonies ventured into the modern world earlier than their provincial English counterparts.
47:
171:
2801:(1899–1961) saw violence and death as an ambulance driver in World War I, and the carnage persuaded him that abstract language was empty and misleading. He cut out unnecessary words from his writing, simplified sentence structure, and concentrated on concrete objects and actions. He adhered to a moral code that emphasized grace under pressure, and his protagonists were strong, silent men who often dealt awkwardly with women.
2433:(1843–1916) confronted the Old World-New World dilemma by writing directly about it. Although he was born in New York City, James spent most of his adult life in England. Many of his novels center on Americans who live in or travel to Europe. With its intricate, highly qualified sentences and dissection of emotional and psychological nuance, James's fiction can be daunting. Among his more accessible works are the novellas
200:
3375:(1975) are presented largely in terms of unattributed dialog that requires almost unexampled reader participation. Gaddis's primary themes include forgery, capitalism, religious zealotry, and the legal system, constituting a sustained polyphonic critique of modern American life. Gaddis's work, though largely ignored for years, anticipated and influenced the development of such ambitious "postmodern" fiction writers as
3185:
3418:
1304:(1782) addresses the question "What is an American?", by moving between praise for the opportunities and peace offered in the new society and recognition that the solid life of the farmer must rest, uneasily, between the oppressive aspects of the urban life and the lawless aspects of the frontier, where the lack of social structures leads to the loss of civilized living.
3611:, the novel, widely studied in American schools, includes an elaborate description of incestuous rape and explores the conventions of beauty established by a historically racist society, painting a portrait of a self-immolating black family in search of beauty in whiteness. Since then, Morrison has experimented with lyric fantasy, as in her two best-known later works,
2346:(1884). Twain's style – influenced by journalism, wedded to the vernacular, direct and unadorned but also highly evocative and irreverently humorous – changed the way Americans write their language. His characters speak like real people and sound distinctively American, using local dialects, newly invented words, and regional accents.
4752:(1890), which addressed issues of social determinism through realistic dialogue, psychological insight, and symbolism. The play was not successful, and both critics and audiences thought it dwelt too much on unseemly topics and included improper scenes, such as the main character nursing her husband's illegitimate child onstage.
3980:, the autofictional subgenre blends autobiography and fiction, thereby allowing authors to go beyond the limitations of form and substance imposed by these genres. A well-established term in the French literary world, it has been less discussed in American literary criticism, despite the recent proliferation of such novels.
2194:(1851) became not only an adventure tale about the pursuit of a white whale, but also an exploration of obsession, the nature of evil, and human struggle against the elements. It was a critical and commercial failure, as were his subsequent novels. He turned to poetry and did not return to fiction until the short novel
3303:
2760:, is the tendency of youth's golden dreams to dissolve in failure and disappointment. Fitzgerald also dwells on the collapse of long-held American Ideals, such as liberty, social unity, good governance and peace, features which were severely threatened by the pressures of modern early 20th century society.
1350:
3987:
American autofiction is best regarded less as a form which interrogates the complex workings of memory and their effect on subjectivity and more as evidence of the preoccupation with the conditions of authorship, especially institutional, which has characterized
American writing in the late twentieth
1592:
is a seduction tale, written in the third person, which warns against listening to the voice of love and counsels resistance. She also wrote nine novels, six theatrical works, two collections of poetry, six textbooks, and countless songs. Reaching more than a million and a half readers over a century
1648:
essential goodness of humanity. Sentimentalism is often thought to be a reaction against the
Calvinistic belief in the depravity of human nature. While many of these novels were popular, the economic infrastructure of the time did not allow these writers to make a living through their writing alone.
1647:
are novels that treat the right of women to live as equals as the new democratic experiment. These novels are of the sentimental genre, characterized by overindulgence in emotion, an invitation to listen to the voice of reason against misleading passions, as well as an optimistic overemphasis on the
4825:
One of the developments in late-20th-century
American literature was the increase of literature written by and about ethnic minorities beyond African Americans and Jewish Americans. This development came alongside the growth of the Civil Rights Movement and its corollary, the ethnic pride movement,
1436:
During the 18th century, writing shifted from the
Puritanism of Winthrop and Bradford to Enlightenment ideas of reason. The belief that human and natural occurrences were messages from God no longer fit with the budding anthropocentric culture. Many intellectuals believed that the human mind could
2727:
demonstrate the growth of an international perspective in
American literature. American writers had long looked to European models for inspiration, but whereas the literary breakthroughs of the mid-19th century came from finding distinctly American styles and themes, writers from this period were
1617:
was published in 1797 and was extremely popular. Told from Foster's point of view and based on the real life of Eliza
Whitman, the novel is about a woman who is seduced and abandoned. Eliza is a "coquette" who is courted by two very different men: a clergyman who offers her a comfortable domestic
1016:
From 1696 to 1700, only about 250 separate items were issued from the major printing presses in the
American colonies. This is a small number, compared to the output of the printers in London at the time. London printers published materials written by New England authors, so, the body of American
4655:
American dramatic literature, by contrast, remained dependent on
European models, although many playwrights did attempt to apply these forms to American topics and themes, such as immigrants, westward expansion, temperance, etc. At the same time, American playwrights created several long-lasting
1552:
In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the first
American novels were published. These fictions were too lengthy to be printed for public reading. Publishers took a chance on these works in hopes they would become steady sellers and need to be reprinted. This scheme was ultimately successful
1008:
tribes. However, with the onset of English settlement of North America, the English language established a foothold in North America that would spread with the growth of England's political influence in the continent and the continued arrival of settlers from the British Isles. This included the
2968:
observes and depicts the lives of three struggling tenant-farming families in Alabama in 1936. Combining factual reporting with poetic beauty, Agee presented an accurate and detailed report of what he had seen coupled with insight into his feelings about the experience and the difficulties of
4247:
4859:
2201:, which he left unfinished at his death in 1891. In it, Melville dramatizes the conflicting claims of duty and compassion on board a ship in time of war. His more profound books sold poorly, and he had been long forgotten by the time of his death. He was rediscovered in the 1920s.
3280:
of Roth. With these techniques, and armed with his articulate and fast-paced style, Roth explores the distinction between reality and fiction in literature while provocatively examining American culture. His most famous work includes the Zuckerman novels, the controversial
4200:, in which he uses a free-flowing verse and lines of irregular length to depict the all-inclusiveness of American democracy. Taking that motif one step further, the poet equates the vast range of American experience with himself without being egotistical. For example, in
3215:. Notable among Updike's characteristic innovations was his use of present-tense narration, his rich, stylized language, and his attention to sensual detail. His work is also deeply imbued with Christian themes. The two final installments of the Rabbit series,
2782:
which extended into the Depression. Experimental in form, the U.S.A. trilogy weaves together various narrative strands, which alternate with contemporary news reports, snatches of the author's autobiography, and capsule biographies of public figures including
3132:
referred to the countercultural rhythm of the Jazz scene, to a sense of rebellion regarding the conservative stress of post-war society, and to an interest in new forms of spiritual experience through drugs, alcohol, philosophy, and religion (specifically
3828:(1996), a futuristic portrait of America and a playful critique of the media-saturated nature of American life, has been consistently ranked among the most important works of the 20th century, and his final novel, unfinished at the time of his death,
999:
was in German and was the largest book printed in any of the colonies before the American Revolution. Spanish and French had two of the strongest colonial literary traditions in the areas that now comprise the United States. Moreover, a wealth of
1204:
stands out as a theologian and historian, who wrote the history of the colonies with a view to God's activity in their midst and to connecting the Puritan leaders with the great heroes of the Christian faith. His best-known works include the
4136:(also known as the Schoolroom or Household Poets) were some of America's first major poets domestically and internationally. They were known for their poems being easy to memorize due to their general adherence to poetic form (standard
3206:
over the course of four decades against the backdrop of the major events of the second half of the 20th century, broke new ground on its release in its characterization and detail of the American middle class and frank discussion of
4234:. Her poetry is ingenious, witty, and penetrating. Her work was unconventional for its day, and little of it was published during her lifetime. Many of her poems dwell on the topic of death, often with a mischievous twist. One, "
1543:
Early American literature struggled to find a unique voice in existing literary genre, and this tendency was reflected in novels. European styles were frequently imitated, but critics usually considered the imitations inferior.
1618:
life and a noted libertine. Unable to choose between them, she finds herself single when both men get married. She eventually yields to the artful libertine and gives birth to an illegitimate stillborn child at an inn.
2975:'s semi-autobiographical novels of sexual exploration, written and published in Paris, were deemed pornographic and officially banned from the United States until 1962. By then, the themes and stylistic innovations in
8494:
4238:", begins, "He kindly stopped for me". The opening of another Dickinson poem toys with her position as a woman in a male-dominated society and an unrecognized poet: "I'm nobody! Who are you? / Are you nobody too?"
2904:(1939), considered his masterpiece, is a strong, socially-oriented novel of the Joads, a poor family from Oklahoma and their journey to California in search of a better life. Other of his popular novels include
2160:, a volume rich in symbolism and occult incidents. Hawthorne went on to write full-length "romances", quasi-allegorical novels that explore the themes of guilt, pride, and emotional repression. His masterpiece,
8272:
2714:
The 1920s brought sharp changes to American literature. Many writers had direct experience of the First World War, and they used it to frame their writings. Writers like Henry James, Gertrude Stein, and poets
6862:
3768:
and is usually considered his masterpiece. It was also the runner-up in a survey that asked writers to identify the most important work of fiction of the last 25 years. Among his other important novels are
11723:
4175:
Longfellow achieved the highest level of acclaim and is often considered the first internationally acclaimed American poet, being the first American poet given a bust in Westminster Abbey's Poets' Corner.
3943:, a distinctly Faulknerian, polyphonic examination of the tribal experience set against the backdrop of murder in the fictional town of Pluto, North Dakota, was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize, and her
3455:(1960), with deeply religious themes, focusing particularly on the search for truth and religious skepticism against the backdrop of the nuclear age. Other important practitioners of the form include
995:
have often been regarded as the center of early American literature. However, the first European settlements in North America had been founded elsewhere, many years earlier. The first item printed in
2898:, where he was born. His style was simple and evocative, winning him the favor of the readers but not of the critics. His poor, working-class characters struggled to lead a decent and honest life.
11851:
2051:, which argued that men should dispense with organized religion and reach a lofty spiritual state by studying and interacting with the natural world. He expanded his influence with his lecture "
8737:
3175:
11846:
11826:
3758:. He is listed by Harold Bloom as being among the preeminent contemporary American writers, in the company of such figures as Philip Roth, Cormac McCarthy, and Thomas Pynchon. His 1997 novel
9457:
3081:(1964), Bellow painted vivid portraits of Jewish life in America that opened the way for further work. He was honored by the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1976. Other noteworthy novels are
2728:
finding ways of contributing to a flourishing international literary scene, not as imitators but as equals. Something similar was happening back in the States, as Jewish writers (such as
9949:
4618:
7558:
4830:
programs in most major universities. These programs helped establish the new ethnic literature as worthy objects of academic study, alongside such other new areas of literary study as
902:, prior to the arrival of European colonists. The traditional territories of some tribes traverse national boundaries and such literature is not homogeneous but reflects the different
11776:
11713:
3900:
about the disintegrating Lambert family, has been called "the literary phenomenon of decade" and was ranked as one of the greatest novels of the past century. In 2010, he published
2188:, adventure tales based loosely on his own life at sea and jumping ship to live among South Sea natives. Becoming a friend of Hawthorne's in 1850, Melville was inspired by his work.
7383:
7219:
11623:
11816:
9822:
4081:(1660), describes the time of judgment. It was published in the same year that anti-Puritan Charles II was restored to the British throne. He followed it two years later with
2222:
4351:
Pound's poetry is complex and sometimes obscure, with references to other art forms and to a vast range of Western and Eastern literature. He influenced many poets, notably
2503:(1860–1940) wrote about the problems of American farmers and other social issues from a naturalist perspective. Garland is best known for his fiction involving hard-working
1122:) in 1630. This work outlined the ideal society that he and the other Separatists would build, in an attempt to realize a "Puritan utopia". Other religious writers included
2055:", delivered in Cambridge in 1837, which called upon Americans to create a uniquely American writing style. Both the nation and the individual should declare independence.
7097:"Summary of Autobiography of Omar ibn Said, Slave in North Carolina, 1831. Ed. John Franklin Jameson. From The American Historical Review, 30, No. 4. (July 1925), 787–795"
7241:
3435:
esthetic in which characters acted at one level as people and at another as symbols. A devout Catholic, O'Connor often imbued her stories, among them the widely studied "
11841:
11836:
11821:
9539:
4059:; however, the translators' intention was not to create literature, but to create hymns that could be used in worship. Among lyric poets, the most important figures are
1622:
is praised for its demonstration of the era's contradictory ideas of womanhood. even as it has been criticized for delegitimizing protest against women's subordination.
4359:, he embodied a jaundiced vision of post–World War I society in fragmented, haunted images. Like Pound's, Eliot's poetry could be highly allusive, and some editions of
11806:
9544:
8264:
3293:(1959). Among the most decorated American writers of his generation, he has won every major American literary award, including the Pulitzer Prize for his major novel
11796:
11718:
9639:
8979:
8849:
3403:
addresses themes of violence and eroticism and experiments audaciously with narrative voice and style. Among his most important works is the short nightmarish novel
11791:
8438:
1325:
7965:
4739:
plays, it also showed up in the more subdued, less romantic tone that reflected the effects of the Civil War and continued social turmoil on the American psyche.
3352:
education in the segregated South, fictionalizing and exaggerating some elements as he saw fit. Because of its polemical themes and Wright's involvement with the
2563:
At the beginning of the 20th century, American novelists were expanding fiction to encompass a broader range of experiences, and sometimes connected these to the
10229:
9109:
2106:(1835 and 1840) described his travels through the young nation, making observations about the relations between American politics, individualism, and community.
1554:
878:
4735:. Although realism was most influential in set design and staging—audiences loved the special effects offered up by the popular melodramas—and in the growth of
11781:
11771:
11766:
11756:
11673:
11633:
10988:
9716:
9484:
9318:
8974:
7350:
5929:
2707:, jazz, and other movements in contemporary art and music. Stein labeled a group of expatriate literary figures who lived in Paris in the 1920s and 1930s the "
544:
11658:
10005:
9572:
9462:
4962:
who has to wait 18 years to divorce his wife for another woman, all the while having to worry about persecution for his protracted affair, and twice won the
1291:
described the Southern landscape and the Indian tribes he encountered; Bartram's book was popular in Europe, being translated into German, French and Dutch.
862:
450:
3929:
about falsified intelligence during Vietnam both won the National Book Award and was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and was called by critic
2067:, a nonconformist and critic of American commercial culture. After living mostly by himself for two years in a nearby cabin by a wooded pond, Thoreau wrote
11061:
9340:
933:
1020:
Some American literature of the time consisted of pamphlets and writings extolling the benefits of the colonies to both a European and colonial audience.
11761:
11149:
10983:
9377:
6158:
11831:
9917:
9775:
810:
In late 20th century and early 21st century, there has been increased popular and academic acceptance of literature written by immigrant, ethnic, and
9479:
9266:
505:
2778:, describing scenes of blind hatred, stupidity, and criminality; and the suffocating regimentation of army life. He also wrote about the war in the
976:
9971:
9944:
9261:
8305:
8137:
7750:
7525:
4924:
After being relegated to cookbooks and autobiographies for most of the 20th century, Asian American literature achieved widespread notice through
3752:, a work broaching the subjects of death and consumerism and doubling as a piece of comic social criticism, began his writing career in 1971 with
10319:
10279:
8615:
3147:(1956), a work that begins: "I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness". Among the achievements of the Beats, in the novel, are
1176:
7457:
6485:
1294:
As the colonies moved toward independence from Britain, an important discussion of American culture and identity came from the French immigrant
11598:
10127:
9045:
8532:
3167:(1959), a more experimental work structured as a series of vignettes relating, among other things, the narrator's travels and experiments with
6546:
4101:
The 18th century saw an increasing emphasis on America itself as fit subject matter for its poets. This trend is most evident in the works of
10936:
10341:
9577:
8784:
7689:
7548:
6362:
6265:
5423:
903:
7490:
2294:
608:
in the early- to mid-nineteenth century helped advance America toward a unique literature and culture, by criticizing predecessors, such as
11231:
9959:
9556:
9372:
9313:
8896:
8854:
8610:
8605:
8600:
8595:
8590:
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8580:
8575:
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4877:(1991). She is the recipient of numerous awards including a National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship, and is regarded as a key figure in
4105:(1752–1832), who is also notable for the unusually sympathetic attitude to Native Americans, which was reflective of his skepticism toward
3915:
2831:
region of his own invention. He recorded his characters' seemingly unedited ramblings to represent their inner states, a technique called "
1871:
A Voyage to the Moon: With Some Account of the Manners and Customs, Science and Philosophy, of the People of Morosofia, and Other Lunarians
7619:
7372:
2969:
capturing it for a broad audience. In doing so, he created an enduring portrait of a nearly invisible segment of the American population.
1603:. Although Rowson was extremely popular in her time and is often acknowledged in accounts of the development of the early American novel,
11083:
10926:
10821:
10566:
10304:
9424:
9335:
9077:
9062:
8944:
7211:
4223:
wrote that Whitman "was the first to smash the old moral conception that the soul of man is something 'superior' and 'above' the flesh."
8462:
8077:
7406:
2096:
As one of the great works of the Revolutionary period was written by a Frenchman, so too was a work about America from this generation.
1895:, there was an increasing desire to produce a uniquely American literature and culture. Literary figures who took up the cause included
10909:
10424:
10419:
10409:
9782:
9511:
8759:
6515:
6079:
5922:
3919:(2000) tells the story of two friends, Joe Kavalier and Sam Clay, as they rise through the ranks of the comics industry in its heyday;
2170:
Massachusetts, about a woman cast out of her community for committing adultery with a minister who refuses to acknowledge his own sin.
537:
5212:
11078:
11021:
10914:
10743:
10185:
8688:
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3834:(2011), has garnered much praise and attention. In addition to his novels, he also authored three acclaimed short story collections:
3601:, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature, writing in a distinctive lyrical prose style, published her controversial debut novel,
3128:" developed, initially from a New York circle of intellectuals and then established more officially later in San Francisco. The term
1501:
1279:(1728) described the expedition to survey the swamp between Virginia and North Carolina but also comments on the differences between
1266:
New England was not the only area in the colonies with a literature: southern literature was also growing at this time. The diary of
4763:, as well as by the maturation of the American musical, which had found a way to integrate script, music and dance in such works as
3533:, a seminal practitioner of the form, drew in his work on modernist fixtures such as temporal distortion, unreliable narrators, and
1081:
The religious disputes that prompted settlement in America were important topics of early American literature. A journal written by
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9902:
9842:
9402:
9057:
8949:
8799:
6754:
5178:
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3525:
Though its exact parameters remain disputable, from the early 1990s to the present day the most salient literary movement has been
1571:
published in 1789. Brown's novel depicts a tragic love story between siblings who fell in love without knowing they were related.
111:
11031:
11004:
10963:
10958:
10931:
10861:
10748:
10544:
10351:
9939:
9763:
9661:
9293:
8213:
7720:
7658:
4873:
4459:(National Book Award, 2014), who is additionally the only living American author publishing primarily written poetry awarded the
4385:
3976:
is a literary movement that has gained steam in American literature throughout the 21st century. Coined in 1977 by French author
1189:
312:
6898:
83:
11565:
11132:
10841:
10524:
10429:
10259:
10207:
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9735:
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9584:
9521:
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9452:
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The period of peace and debt-fueled economic expansion that followed WWI was the setting for many of the stories and novels of
2119:
2056:
1394:
1354:
4579:
Stylistic and cultural diversity remain distinguishing features of American poetry. Notable poets of the 21st century include
3545:
characterization, unrealistic names (Oedipa Maas, Benny Profane, etc.), plot elements and hyperbolic humor, deliberate use of
3320:
was instantly recognized as among the most powerful and important works of the immediate post-war years. The story of a black
11887:
10948:
10836:
10706:
10610:
10519:
10443:
9988:
9954:
8969:
8959:
8954:
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5915:
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1280:
561:
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in the urban north, the novel laid bare the often repressed racial tension that still prevailed while also succeeding as an
3272:, Roth's work is known to be highly autobiographical, and many of Roth's main characters, most famously the Jewish novelist
2581:(1920), centers on a man who chooses to marry a conventional, socially acceptable woman rather than a fascinating outsider.
11882:
11294:
11144:
11041:
10978:
10968:
10851:
10642:
10605:
10534:
10366:
10331:
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1951:
was born in Boston but raised in Virginia and identified with the South. In 1832, he began writing short stories, such as "
1295:
866:
403:
90:
64:
35:
4186:(1830–1886), two of America's greatest 19th-century poets could hardly have been more different in temperament and style.
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11088:
11026:
10783:
10274:
10173:
9770:
9429:
9325:
9209:
4155:"), as well as working with distinctly American themes, including some political issues such as abolition. They included
3666:
seizes on the literary traditions of several regions of the United States and includes multiple genres. He writes in the
3440:
1919:(1809). Bryant wrote early romantic and nature-inspired poetry, which evolved away from their European origins. Cooper's
17:
8401:
11877:
11591:
11379:
11073:
11014:
10899:
10894:
10831:
10593:
10554:
10514:
10361:
10314:
10294:
9907:
9534:
9529:
9434:
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8911:
8666:
8525:
8411:
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6208:
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4235:
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had already set an example that paved the way for sexually frank novels of personal experience of the 1950s and 1960s.
2678:
2489:
1398:
are esteemed works, with their wit and influence toward the formation of a budding American identity. Paine's pamphlet
1005:
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10904:
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2324:, 1835–1910) was among the first major American writers to be born away from the East Coast – in the border state of
2110:
2082:
635:
485:
335:
130:
97:
31:
2750:(1896–1940). Fitzgerald's work captured the restless, pleasure-hungry, defiant mood of the 1920s, a decade he named
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11051:
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Hamilton, Kristie. "An Assault on the Will: Republican Virtue and the City in Hannah Webster Foster's 'The Coquette
6396:
6304:
4210:, Whitman writes: "These are really the thoughts of all men in all ages and lands, they are not original with me".
1275:
874:
5121:
4656:
American character types, especially the "Yankee", the "Negro" and the "Indian", exemplified by the characters of
3736:(2007). His novels are noted for achieving both commercial and critical success, several of his works having been
814:
writers, and of writings in languages other than English. Examples of pioneers in these areas include LGBT author
11264:
11154:
10943:
10884:
10793:
10684:
10659:
10156:
10146:
9711:
9629:
9567:
9551:
9397:
9392:
9156:
9136:
9126:
9121:
7934:
Born for the Shade: Stereotypes of the Native American in United States Literature and the Visual Arts, 1776–1894
7774:"Autofiction, Autobiografiction, Autofabrication, and Heterony: Differentiating Versions of the Autobiographical"
6595:
6316:
4355:(1888–1965), another expatriate. Eliot wrote spare, cerebral poetry, carried by a dense structure of symbols. In
2832:
1633:
1300:
1073:
480:
433:
418:
413:
340:
6834:
5237:
5108:, released to widespread commercial and critical success, Lahiri shifts focus and treats the experiences of the
4109:. However, this late colonial-era poetry generally was influenced by contemporary poetry in Europe. The work of
1492:
The opening of the original printing of the Declaration, printed on July 4, 1776, under Jefferson's supervision.
1077:
is one of the first in the canon of American literature, and has influenced a diverse range of subsequent works.
886:
79:
11728:
11465:
11284:
11137:
10811:
10758:
10674:
10664:
10632:
10561:
10549:
10504:
10391:
10289:
10151:
10071:
10061:
9847:
9704:
9407:
9365:
9308:
9082:
8993:
6391:
6350:
6282:
5874:
5717:
5218:
4804:
4702:
4441:
3706:, the most monstrous apparition in all of American literature"; in a much more pastoral tone in his celebrated
3427:
In the postwar period, the art of the short story again flourished. Among its most respected practitioners was
2342:
1960:
1509:
1213:
1013:
in 1664, with the English renaming it New York and changing the administrative language from Dutch to English.
377:
302:
68:
8017:
3890:, discussing the cultural role of the writer in the new millennium through the prism of his own frustrations.
2735:
1881:
1449:(1721). The enormous scientific, economic, social, and philosophical, changes of the 18th century, called the
950:
A significant event in the development of Native American literature in English came with the awarding of the
11663:
11584:
10889:
10753:
10669:
10600:
10571:
10509:
10399:
10371:
10015:
9387:
9280:
8518:
6328:
4736:
4260:
4005:
3967:
3718:
3071:
2519:
2459:
1964:
1942:
1224:
438:
408:
319:
3395:. Another neglected and challenging postwar American novelist, albeit one who wrote much shorter works, was
11872:
11490:
11339:
11184:
11177:
11110:
10973:
10856:
10778:
10768:
10622:
10583:
10539:
10499:
10456:
10404:
10336:
10309:
10269:
10247:
10056:
9870:
9817:
9750:
9607:
9563:
9491:
9412:
9330:
9141:
9005:
8834:
8742:
8550:
8320:
6384:
6294:
6277:
6168:
5851:
5791:
5784:
4612:
4572:
4152:
4106:
3333:
2964:
2640:
1979:
1127:
1105:
382:
350:
297:
266:
4491:, which won both the Pulitzer Prize and National Book Award for Poetry in 2008 and 2007 respectively; and
3062:, winner of the National Book Award; his attempt at exploring "the dislocation of man in the modern age."
1679:
The first writer to be able to support himself through the income generated by his publications alone was
1625:
11426:
11319:
11217:
11105:
11056:
10871:
10773:
10696:
10578:
10474:
10299:
10284:
10222:
9857:
9812:
9619:
9501:
9355:
6340:
6299:
6163:
6085:
5505:
5370:
4959:
4816:
4808:
4455:
3249:
2385:). A version of local color regionalism that focused on minority experiences can be seen in the works of
1991:
1952:
1935:, 1826) treated uniquely American material in ways that were popular both in the new country and Europe.
1834:
1528:
presented a significant historical discussion of American government organization and republican values.
1308:
1137:
915:
455:
428:
8265:"Luis A. Miranda, Jr. Doesn't 'Need To Be Liked' but This New Documentary Will Make You Like Him Anyway"
5297:
5278:, best known for "Eccentric Neighborhoods". Puerto Rico has also produced important playwrights such as
4629:'s troupe in the mid-18th century and was very active in the 19th century, as seen by the popularity of
2298:(1854), which is considered the first American Indian novel but is also an early story that talks about
1553:
because male and female literacy rates were increasing at the time. Among the first American novels are
11384:
11359:
11349:
11009:
10879:
10711:
10691:
10679:
10489:
10479:
10161:
10066:
9679:
9669:
9196:
9191:
9181:
9176:
8698:
8403:
The Multilingual Anthology of American Literature: A Reader of Original Texts with English Translations
8119:
7742:
7513:
6311:
5869:
5547:
5542:
5526:
5521:
5168:
4812:
4254:
American poetry arguably reached its peak in the early-to-mid-20th century, with such noted writers as
4156:
3760:
3568:
3436:
3228:
2022:
1862:
1505:
1414:
1388:
1207:
851:
569:
423:
372:
345:
5249:
4727:
Realism began to influence American drama, partly through Howells, but also through Europeans such as
3686:
tradition, with grotesquely drawn characters and symbolic narrative turns reminiscent of Melville, in
3332:
was catapulted to fame by the publication in subsequent years of his now widely studied short story, "
2073:(1854), a memoir that urges resistance to the dictates of society. Other Transcendentalists included
11607:
11485:
11369:
11334:
11259:
10588:
9894:
9699:
9694:
9256:
8710:
8383:
Chicago and the Making of American Modernism: Cather, Hemingway, Faulkner, and Fitzgerald in Conflict
7449:
6461:
6335:
6232:
6228:
6180:
5943:
5742:
5158:
4985:
4917:
4867:
4820:
4649:
4520:
schools of poetry enjoyed popular and academic success, producing such widely anthologized voices as
4460:
4364:
4172:
3654:
Writing in a lyrical, flowing style that eschews excessive use of the comma and semicolon, recalling
2929:
2814:
2026:
1371:
1244:
475:
159:
8000:
11615:
11495:
11329:
10701:
10081:
10051:
10046:
10036:
9802:
9758:
9599:
9360:
9146:
9010:
8824:
8764:
8452:
8421:
7681:
6919:
6538:
6403:
6323:
6272:
6248:
5635:
5455:
5072:
5060:
4911:
4645:
3608:
3451:
3196:
approached American life from a more reflective but no less subversive perspective. His 1960 novel
2977:
2453:
2417:
2336:
2003:
1956:
1931:
1857:
1788:
1773:
1704:
Female Quixotism: Exhibited in the Romantic Opinions and Extravagant Adventure of Dorcasina Sheldon
1445:. The first book published in North America that promoted Newton and natural theology was Mather's
1172:
1168:
1145:
1090:
947:(Potawatomi, 1830–99) was "the first Native American novel devoted to the subject of Indian life".
495:
4113:(1772–1855), is still relevant today, writing about the environment as well as also human nature.
2584:
Social issues and the power of corporations was the central concern of some writers at this time.
11811:
11560:
11515:
10195:
9931:
9689:
8656:
8447:
8425:
8159:
Peterson, Kathleen (January 1, 2013), "Poetry", in Rubin, Joan Shelley; Casper, Scott E. (eds.),
7482:
6379:
6345:
6216:
5588:
5307:
5088:
4843:
4748:
4341:
4323:
4164:
3902:
3872:
3814:
3613:
3329:
3268:
in American society, especially in the postwar era and the early 21st century. Frequently set in
3237:
2835:". He also jumbled time sequences to show how the past – especially the slave-holding era of the
2614:
2606:(1876–1916) was also very committed to social justice and socialism through some of his books as
2564:
2374:
2366:
2330:
2124:
1909:
1691:
1180:
1159:
Other late writings described conflicts and interaction with the Indians, as seen in writings by
1045:
882:
104:
57:
11786:
7593:
5337:
5115:
Hispanic literature also became important during this period, starting with acclaimed novels by
2390:
1026:
A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Noate as Hath Happened in Virginia ...
985:
A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Noate as Hath Happened in Virginia ...
11648:
11449:
11374:
11274:
11269:
11254:
11193:
10647:
9997:
9807:
9787:
9589:
9444:
9239:
9186:
9171:
9015:
8703:
8433:
7627:
6224:
5842:
5448:
5435:. The success of these authors has brought renewed attention to earlier generations, including
5403:
and several other novels that use a recurring set of characters and locations in the manner of
5379:
4999:
4839:
4308:
4231:
4049:
Puritan poetry was highly religious, and one of the earliest books of poetry published was the
3836:
3694:
3396:
3321:
3283:
3087:
3028:
2853:
2847:
2495:
2137:(1852). These efforts were supported by the continuation of the slave narrative autobiography.
2114:
1838:
1651:
1582:, published in London in 1791. In 1794 the novel was reissued in Philadelphia under the title,
1450:
1132:
1057:
899:
891:
767:
684:
11550:
5289:
5033:. Equally important has been the effort to recover earlier Asian American authors, started by
4885:
The second half of the twentieth century saw the emergence of American Jewish writers such as
4640:, American drama attained international status only in the 1920s and 1930s, with the works of
11801:
11708:
11703:
11678:
11668:
11444:
10846:
10529:
9644:
9201:
9166:
9161:
9104:
9087:
8817:
8480:
The Cambridge History of English and American Literature: an Encyclopedia in Eighteen Volumes
8069:
6006:
5837:
5821:
5593:
5583:
5109:
4831:
4380:
4266:
4160:
4025:
3456:
3113:
2951:
2788:
2572:
2552:
2441:
2362:
2128:
2097:
1963:", that explore hidden depths of human psychology and push the boundaries of fiction. Poe's "
1921:
1915:
1904:
1900:
1852:
1714:
1699:
1610:
1567:
1248:
1232:
1021:
980:
639:
600:
6507:
3623:(1987), for which she was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction; along these lines, critic
2693:
Experimentation in style and form soon joined the new latitudes in subject matter. In 1909,
280:
11545:
11475:
11289:
11198:
10326:
10200:
10091:
9469:
8901:
8881:
8829:
8779:
8720:
8651:
8170:
6674:
6255:
6236:
6148:
6134:
6074:
5889:
5779:
5769:
5671:
5661:
5656:
5563:
5408:
5203:
5094:
4925:
4755:
In the middle of the 20th century, American drama was dominated by the work of playwrights
4168:
4121:
4110:
4072:
3886:
3881:
3809:
3648:
3579:
3559:
3500:
3428:
3380:
3158:
2983:
2924:
2824:
2623:
2577:
2509:
2423:
2408:
2358:
2167:
2133:
2102:
2052:
2018:
1810:
1599:
1430:
1422:
1037:
819:
520:
8160:
3963:
3856:, Wallace's friend and contemporary, rose to prominence after the 2001 publication of his
2823:(1897–1962) won the Nobel Prize in 1949. Faulkner encompassed a wide range of humanity in
8:
11744:
11693:
11688:
11643:
11638:
11628:
11470:
11436:
11421:
11354:
11279:
10738:
10464:
10180:
9865:
9496:
8693:
6244:
6220:
6212:
6200:
6190:
6068:
5759:
5749:
5727:
5691:
5681:
5666:
5630:
5625:
5459:
5440:
5413:
5374:
5099:
4949:
4697:
4681:
4661:
4503:
3939:
3857:
3783:
3748:
3723:
3564:
3353:
3048:
2918:
2900:
2895:
2747:
2682:
2656:
2386:
2378:
2253:
2151:
2144:
2074:
2064:
2042:
2035:
1999:
1759:
1406:
1400:
1362:
The Revolutionary period also contained political writings, including those by colonists
1260:
870:
787:
757:
700:
647:
625:
617:
575:
445:
360:
247:
6751:
2140:
727:, adopted experimental forms. American modernist poets included diverse figures such as
11698:
11683:
11540:
11404:
11344:
11240:
9978:
9966:
9684:
9674:
9651:
9634:
9030:
8774:
8769:
8641:
8342:
8205:
8124:
7785:
7712:
7650:
7377:
7019:
7011:
6854:
6477:
6367:
6204:
6196:
6185:
6010:
5879:
5796:
5774:
5754:
5722:
5712:
5686:
5616:
5598:
5444:
5365:
5346:
5341:
5185:
5150:
5104:
4963:
4878:
4756:
4191:
3944:
3867:
3819:
3707:
3672:
3637:
3534:
3269:
3243:
2881:
2809:
2803:
2699:
2635:
2354:
2217:
2196:
2162:
1938:
1885:
1784:
1744:
1562:
1517:
1465:
1410:
writings are seen as playing a key role in influencing the political tone of the time.
1184:
1164:
964:
924:, by Samson Occom, from the Mohegan tribe, was published and went through 19 editions.
815:
796:
719:
713:
652:
643:
605:
595:
583:
565:
8501:
Audio lectures on American Literature in TheEnglishCollection.com (clickable timeline)
8442:. Vol. 1–4. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press; G. P. Putnam's Sons.
5369:, Native American literature showed explosive growth during this period, known as the
5173:
1108:" by John Winthrop, the first governor of Massachusetts, was a Sermon preached on the
11520:
11364:
10721:
9877:
9229:
8727:
8646:
8631:
8429:
8407:
8368:
8300:
8246:
8174:
8129:
7937:
7867:
7817:
7412:
7195:
7066:
7056:
7023:
7003:
6962:
6656:
6481:
6440:
6357:
6120:
6065:(Fiction, Drama and poetry, as well as various non-fiction and journalist categories)
5957:
5905:
5811:
5801:
5764:
5737:
5707:
5578:
5279:
5242:
5030:
5026:
4989:(1989), tracing the lives of four immigrant families brought together by the game of
4940:
4930:
4717:
4641:
4151:) and were often recited in the home (hence the name) as well as in school (such as "
3993:
3848:
3754:
3519:
3400:
3295:
3289:
3043:
2941:
2841:
2765:
2644:(1907) also depicted a stinging description of the education system and modern life.
2370:
2289:
2279:
2060:
1995:
1896:
1847:
1732:
1685:
A History of New-York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty
1680:
1629:
1454:
1426:
1379:
1228:
992:
929:
895:
792:
782:
621:
609:
579:
8346:
7849:"Eye to I: American Autofiction and Its Contexts from Jerzy Kosinski to Dave Eggers"
7156:
American Writers: A Series of Papers Contributed to Blackwood's Magazine (1824–1825)
7096:
6935:
Reynolds, Guy. "The Winning of the West: Washington Irving's 'A Tour on the Prairies
6858:
4405:, winner of both the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award for Poetry in 1957;
3557:
themes, and a subversive commingling of high and low culture. In 1973, he published
2473:(1871–1945) portrayed a country girl who moves to Chicago and becomes a kept woman.
1654:
is the earliest American novelist whose works are still commonly read. He published
515:
11653:
11555:
11416:
11408:
11394:
10637:
10484:
10190:
10010:
9020:
8861:
8844:
8839:
8678:
8332:
8166:
7907:
7859:
7553:
7348:"Existentialism, Semiotics and Iced Tea, Review of Conversations with Walker Percy"
6995:
6890:
6846:
6469:
6240:
5985:
5978:
5884:
5806:
5732:
5676:
5404:
5360:
5319:
5261:
5141:
5131:
4689:
4657:
4525:
4426:
4397:(Pulitzer Prize for Poetry, 1956) and "Geography III" (National Book Award, 1970);
4390:
3977:
3930:
3853:
3805:
3659:
3655:
3585:
3476:
3365:
3273:
3254:
3102:
2946:
2887:
2820:
2798:
2756:
2739:
2686:
2631:
2556:
2540:
2504:
2470:
2394:
2299:
2205:
2156:
2086:
1584:
1497:
1367:
1312:
1049:
955:
748:
724:
708:
591:
398:
234:
7154:
5275:
242:
11535:
10346:
10122:
10020:
9792:
9092:
9025:
8794:
8715:
8661:
8316:
8105:
8098:
8004:
7993:
7986:
7863:
7811:
7588:
7354:
6758:
6599:
6260:
6090:
5816:
5463:
5311:
5146:
5079:
5054:
4954:
4906:
4862:
4847:
4771:
4707:
4345:
4328:
4302:
4286:
4255:
4227:
4196:
4183:
4077:
4060:
4029:
4020:
3892:
3862:
3737:
3667:
3663:
3644:
3619:
3591:
3432:
3388:
3265:
3203:
3125:
2912:
2859:
2769:
2708:
2667:
2648:
2350:
2173:
2078:
1968:
1948:
1656:
1375:
1320:
1316:
1288:
1270:
1123:
1001:
804:
728:
704:
671:
657:
613:
490:
365:
218:
8390:
6038:
5116:
4625:
Although the American theatrical tradition can be traced back to the arrival of
4541:
4446:
3992:
Notable American authors known to have written in the autofiction genre include
230:
179:
11530:
10816:
10716:
10099:
9234:
9224:
9219:
9214:
8886:
8749:
8683:
8337:
8295:
For references on specific authors or topics, please see the relevant article.
6473:
6372:
6100:
6095:
6062:
6017:
5992:
5950:
5573:
5418:
5394:
5384:
5352:
5302:
5227:
5223:
5199:
5064:
5046:
5005:
4835:
4827:
4521:
4398:
4337:
4333:
4276:
4220:
4202:
4141:
4133:
4102:
4086:
4051:
3934:
3910:
3688:
3628:
3603:
3530:
3468:
3384:
3376:
3360:
3325:
3223:
3217:
3138:
3077:
2936:
2891:
2792:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2761:
2694:
2627:
2585:
2531:
2500:
2412:
2227:
2047:
2014:
1575:
1533:
1513:
1488:
1252:
1141:
1119:
1094:
951:
752:
744:
222:
190:
7445:
7070:
5086:
won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for her debut collection of short stories,
4137:
3631:, and the Nobel committee to "Faulkner and to the Latin American tradition ."
3174:
2236:(1861). At this time, American Indian autobiography develops, most notably in
1476:
history. Colden also wrote a book on botany, which attracted the attention of
1068:
795:, who won a Nobel Prize. In the mid-twentieth century, drama was dominated by
612:, for imitating their British counterparts and by influencing writers such as
11866:
11525:
9797:
9097:
8906:
8541:
8457:
8250:
8133:
7007:
6024:
5964:
5568:
5399:
5207:
5163:
5154:
5126:
5083:
4994:
4894:
4890:
4788:
4760:
4677:
4630:
4596:
4584:
4580:
4568:
4553:
4507:
4436:
4406:
4064:
4001:
3925:
3920:
3830:
3824:
3794:
3771:
3712:
3692:(1985), which Harold Bloom styled "the greatest single book since Faulkner's
3598:
3526:
3488:
3405:
3316:
3311:
3082:
3054:
3033:
3023:
3004:
2906:
2754:. Fitzgerald's characteristic theme, expressed poignantly in his masterpiece
2729:
2619:
2608:
2568:
2465:
2448:
2402:
2271:
2263:
2245:
2237:
2204:
Anti-transcendental works from Melville, Hawthorne, and Poe all comprise the
2031:
1987:
1826:
1753:
1672:
1537:
1521:
1477:
1442:
1267:
1256:
1240:
1201:
1160:
1082:
1033:
1010:
944:
835:
831:
827:
800:
772:
762:
226:
11576:
8466:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 831–842.
6713:
The History of the Five Indian Nations Depending on the Province of New-York
5189:
5069:
RED INK: International Journal of Indigenous Literature, Art, and Humanities
4732:
4035:
3157:(1957), the chronicle of a soul-searching travel through the continent, and
2252:(1847). Moreover, minority authors were beginning to publish fiction, as in
616:. Edgar Allan Poe took American poetry and short fiction in new directions.
10104:
10076:
9131:
8487:
5468:
5329:
5270:
5260:
Celebrated Puerto Rican novelists who write in English and Spanish include
5018:
5014:
4792:
4776:
4712:
4626:
4537:
4512:
4376:
4281:
4187:
4179:
4125:
3699:
3683:
3624:
3554:
3546:
3496:
3472:
3464:
3460:
3421:
3356:, the novel's final part, "American Hunger", was not published until 1977.
3349:
3302:
3148:
3134:
3097:
3092:
3059:
3052:(1969). While the Korean war was a source of trauma for the protagonist of
2972:
2751:
2663:
2474:
2435:
2314:
1926:
1727:
1666:
1500:
established his place in American literature through his authorship of the
1438:
1383:
1363:
1330:
1259:(who wrote a diary revealing the daily life of the late 17th century), and
1197:
printed 1,000 copies on the first printing press in the American colonies.
1194:
1156:
and declared that the local Native Americans were better people than them.
1041:
996:
736:
667:
587:
8451:
8392:
Handbook of the American Novel of the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries
7911:
4600:
4540:, among many others. Other notable poets of the late 20th century include
3880:, but did not gain national attention until the publication of his essay,
3746:, who rose to literary prominence with the publication of his 1985 novel,
3359:
Perhaps the most ambitious and challenging post-war American novelist was
10381:
9912:
9249:
9151:
8891:
8754:
8510:
8497:
The Ohio State University Libraries Rare Books and Manuscripts Collection
6850:
5999:
5971:
5428:
5136:
5042:
5038:
5022:
4902:
4898:
4886:
4784:
4780:
4743:
4742:
The most ambitious attempt at bringing modern realism into the drama was
4592:
4588:
4549:
4545:
4533:
4529:
4517:
4484:
4476:
4464:
4414:
4352:
4271:
3997:
3973:
3897:
3743:
3607:, to critical acclaim in 1970. Coming on the heels of the signing of the
3538:
3515:
3504:
3392:
3261:
3198:
3193:
3178:
3163:
3153:
3143:
3066:
2877:
2828:
2724:
2670:(1909–1993), both of whom had a major opus set largely in their regions.
2652:
2603:
2430:
2010:
1983:
1892:
1801:
1779:
1529:
1418:
1329:(1789). At this time, American Indian literature also began to flourish.
1053:
823:
732:
692:
679:
7900:
Arizona Quarterly: A Journal of American Literature, Culture, and Theory
7895:
7789:
7773:
7153:
Pattee, Fred Lewis (1937). "Introduction". In Pattee, Fred Lewis (ed.).
7015:
3121:
was a less intense novel of racial inequality and white responsibility.
2955:
satirizes Hollywood stereotypes and the dark ironies of Hollywood life.
1869:. He followed in 1827 with one of the country's first science fictions:
9244:
9050:
8876:
8871:
8789:
6999:
6983:
6174:
5483:
5436:
5344:, a Nuyorican poet and playwright, wrote the popular Broadway musicals
5284:
5253:
5198:, which tells the story of an overweight Dominican boy growing up as a
5050:
5034:
4431:
4318:
4313:
4297:
4039:
4009:
3801:
3790:
3492:
3445:
3338:
3232:
3168:
3118:
3000:
2959:
2836:
2732:) used the English language to reach an international Jewish audience.
2716:
2594:
2589:
2478:
2321:
2090:
1975:
1480:, and he maintained a long term correspondence with Benjamin Franklin.
740:
675:
500:
214:
150:
8505:
8226:'Braschi: one of the most revolutionary voices in Latin America today'
7050:
6592:
5256:
has gained recognition for her nuanced exploration of family dynamics.
4617:
3487:
Major American essayists of the 20th century included writers such as
1349:
564:. The American literary tradition is part of the broader tradition of
11209:
10733:
10726:
8478:
8162:
The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Cultural and Intellectual History
7858:. Palgrave Studies in Life Writing. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 257.
6031:
5432:
5265:
4972:
4765:
4669:
4634:
4564:
4492:
3877:
3703:
3344:
3277:
3184:
3012:
2939:
produced two short novels that later came to be considered classics.
2651:, who published five influential works from 1900 to 1903. Similarly,
2599:
2310:
2190:
1437:
comprehend the universe through the laws of physics, as described by
1236:
1193:. It was the first complete Bible printed in the Western hemisphere;
1099:
839:
696:
662:
307:
7268:
The War That Used Up Words: American Writers and the First World War
4909:. Potok's novels about a young New York Jewish boy's coming of age,
4230:
lived the sheltered life of a genteel unmarried woman in small-town
1030:
The Generall Historie of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles
46:
8916:
8866:
8021:
6752:"The Declaration of Independence: The Mystery of the Lost Original"
4673:
4090:
3765:
3732:
3550:
3542:
3212:
3202:, the first of four chronicling the rising and falling fortunes of
3038:
2483:
2382:
2325:
1574:
In the next decade, important women writers also published novels.
1525:
1473:
1115:
777:
761:(1939). America's involvement in World War II led to works such as
7816:. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 1–2.
4246:
2349:
Other writers interested in regional differences and dialect were
1865:
produced in 1824 the first fiction of Virginia colonial life with
1144:
more fiercely argued state and church separation. Others, such as
932:(Cherokee, 1827–67) was the first novel by a Native American, and
560:
is literature written or produced in the United States and in the
170:
8420:
7483:"What Is the Best Work of American Fiction of the Last 25 Years?"
4990:
4980:
4858:
4363:
come with footnotes supplied by the poet. In 1948, Eliot won the
4190:
was a working man, a traveler, a self-appointed nurse during the
4063:, who wrote personal poems about her family and homelife; pastor
3678:
3016:
2535:
2398:
2284:
1153:
1110:
1004:
traditions existed on the continent among the numerous different
4413:, (Pulitzer Prize for Poetry, 1964, National Book Award, 1968);
3069:
became one of the most influential American writers. Works like
1285:
Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West
1235:, a religious revival in the early 18th century that emphasized
199:
6437:
That Wild Fellow John Neal and the American Literary Revolution
4945:
4148:
4056:
3983:
Of the autofiction genre, English professor Bran Nicol states:
3777:
3537:
and coupled them with distinctly postmodern techniques such as
3417:
3342:(1940), and his legacy was cemented by the 1945 publication of
3107:
2704:
2258:
2069:
1830:
1378:, the last being a loyalist to the crown. Two key figures were
666:(1851). Major American poets of the nineteenth century include
630:
6439:. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. p. 80.
2813:
are generally considered his best novels; in 1954, he won the
2662:
Prominent among mid-western and western American writers were
2223:
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave
7159:. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. p. 22.
6646:
the Bay Psalm Book exhibition at the Library of Congress 2015
6462:"Ch. 22: American Literature in Languages Other Than English"
4728:
4506:, whose origin is often traced to the publication in 1959 of
4145:
3208:
2768:
also wrote novels with critical depictions of American life.
2178:
1829:, a Muslim slave in the Carolinas, wrote an autobiography in
1024:
could be considered the first American author with his works
959:
5462:
of the 1920s, has become more prominent through the work of
5145:. Latina writing became important thanks to authors such as
4071:, were written to help him prepare for leading worship; and
3641:
as the most important work of fiction of the last 25 years.
2575:
society in which she had grown up. One of her finest books,
1472:, published in 1727 was one of the first texts published on
987:(1608) can be considered America's first work of literature.
678:
was the first major American writer to be born in the West.
634:, was influenced by this movement. The conflict surrounding
6773:
6771:
5192:
received the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for his 2007 novel
4213:
In his words Whitman was a poet of "the body electric". In
3933:"one of the classic works of literature produced by "; and
3764:
chronicles American life through and immediately after the
3363:, whose uncompromising, satiric, and large novels, such as
3019:, and explorations of personal, racial, and ethnic themes.
2720:
2184:
1540:
are also valued for their political writings and orations.
922:
A Sermon Preached at the Execution of Moses Paul, an Indian
811:
6926:. Atlanta: The Franklin Printing and Publishing Co., 1902.
6835:"Maintaining Stability: Fancy and Passion in the Coquette"
6777:
Parker, Patricia L. "Charlotte Temple by Susanna Rowson".
6739:
Cadwallader Colden: A Figure of the American Enlightenment
3808:, and strongly influenced by the works of Thomas Pynchon,
3348:, a work in which Wright drew on his childhood and mostly
3011:
The period was dominated by the last few of the realistic
2945:
plumbs the life of reluctant (and, to comic effect, male)
2457:(1895), depicted the life of New York City prostitutes in
1597:
was the biggest seller of the 19th century before Stowe's
656:(1850) explored the dark side of American history, as did
8099:
Groundbreaking Book: Life Studies by Robert Lowell (1959)
4194:(1861–1865), and a poetic innovator. His magnum opus was
3909:
Other notable writers at the turn of the century include
3371:
1607:
often is criticized as a sentimental novel of seduction.
7651:"A Family Full of Unhappiness, Hoping for Transcendence"
6768:
5310:
who write about the life of American immigrants include
2703:, an innovative work influenced by her familiarity with
2647:
Race was a common issue as well, as seen in the work of
1326:
The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano
920:
In 1771 the first work by a Native American in English,
8311:. Vol. 1–8. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7997:
6416:
3573:
2890:
era literature offered blunt, direct social criticism.
2697:(1874–1946), by then an expatriate in Paris, published
2544:(1888) was concerned with political and social issues.
2216:
Slave narrative autobiography from this period include
1876:
1283:
and the white settlers in the area. In a similar book,
879:
List of writers from peoples indigenous to the Americas
30:"American fiction" redirects here. For other uses, see
7052:
Muslim American Slave : the Life of Omar Ibn Said
6587:
Henry L. Schoolcraft, "The Capture of New Amsterdam",
6071:(Fiction, Non-Fiction, Poetry and Young-Adult Fiction)
4668:. In addition, new dramatic forms were created in the
4421:
won a National Book Award in 1973 and whose long poem
3022:
World War II was the subject of several major novels:
2045:, who had renounced his ministry, published his essay
7958:"Our Land, Our Literature: Literature – Rebecca Lard"
7842:
7840:
7735:
7713:"In Vietnam: Stars and Stripes, and Innocence Undone"
6675:"Sarah Kemble Knight | American diarist | Britannica"
4375:
Among the most respected postwar American poets are:
2949:
who cannot deal with the tragic letters he receives.
863:
Mythologies of the indigenous peoples of the Americas
791:(1969). Prominent playwrights of these years include
578:(1775–1783) is notable for the political writings of
27:
Literature written in or related to the United States
8367:. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press.
7813:
The Story of "Me": Contemporary American Autofiction
6175:
Regional and minority focuses in American literature
6110:
5484:
Nobel Prize in Literature winners (American authors)
5393:
and numerous essays on Native American literature),
5092:(1999), and went on to write a well-received novel,
4621:
U.S. postage stamp of Eugene O'Neill issued in 1967.
3571:
that year. His other major works include his debut,
2839:– endures in the present. Among his great works are
2305:
682:
achieved international recognition with novels like
6578:. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2007. Print.
6159:
List of 20th-century American writers by birth year
4775:. Later American playwrights of importance include
3951:, which builds on the same themes, was awarded the
3800:Seizing on the distinctly postmodern techniques of
2250:
The Life, History and Travels of Kah-ge-ga-gah-bowh
1683:. He completed his first major book in 1809 titled
1097:also recorded a diary of the first years after the
71:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
8304:
7837:
4439:and his epic poem of communication with the dead,
1200:Of the second generation of New England settlers,
887:Mexican literature § Pre-Columbian literature
7673:
7340:
6570:
6568:
6566:
6564:
6020:(poet and essayist, wrote in English and Russian)
5029:have also achieved prominence, as has playwright
4871:(1983) and her subsequent short story collection
4326:and his epic poem about his New Jersey hometown,
2618:. Other political writers of the period included
11864:
9945:Native American recognition in the United States
7704:
7642:
6984:"African Muslims in African American Literature"
6744:
6726:Cadwallader Colden: As Scientist and Philosopher
4798:
2477:'s (1870–1902) fiction was predominantly in the
2451:(1871–1900), best known for his Civil War novel
1974:Humorous writers were also popular and included
1916:A History of New York, by Diedrich Knickerbocker
1335:A Sermon Preached at the Execution of Moses Paul
217:; 19th-century writer, poet and literary critic
8299:
7540:
7408:The Golden Age of the American Essay: 1945–1970
7297:. United States of America: The Modern Library.
7048:
5162:is taught in schools across the United States,
4979:Other notable Asian-American novelists include
4850:as a key component of academic literary study.
2285:Our Nig: Sketches from the Life of a Free Black
7613:
7611:
7309:American moderns, from rebellion to conformity
6891:"The Early American Novel: Introductory Notes"
6763:Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography
6561:
5102:in 2007. In her second collection of stories,
4055:(1640), a set of translations of the biblical
4042:of the copy of the Bay Psalm Book held by the
3563:, a leading work in this genre, which won the
3336:" (1939), and his controversial second novel,
3260:Frequently linked with Updike is the novelist
2655:wrote about Chinese-American experiences, and
2567:school of realism. In her stories and novels,
2439:(1878), about an American girl in Europe, and
2208:sub-genre of popular literature at this time.
1855:was a notable author best known for his novel
1615:The Coquette: Or, the History of Eliza Wharton
1239:. Other Puritan and religious writers include
699:rejected nineteenth-century forms and values.
11606:
11592:
11225:
10342:Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States
8526:
8365:Understanding Contemporary Chicana Literature
7505:
7438:
7361:, August 4, 1985, Accessed September 24, 2006
6266:Black lesbian literature in the United States
5923:
5424:The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven
5135:), and the emergence of Chicano theater with
3916:The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay
3310:In the realm of African-American literature,
2711:," a term later used as by Ernest Hemingway.
2288:(1859) as early African-American novels, and
2154:(1804–1864) collected some of his stories as
1089:, discussed the religious foundations of the
1032:(1624). Other writers of this genre included
845:
703:captured the carefree mood of the 1920s, but
538:
8439:The Cambridge History of American Literature
8399:
8307:The Cambridge History of American Literature
8240:
7477:
7475:
6422:
5037:and his colleagues; this effort has brought
2990:
2328:. His regional masterpieces were the memoir
1941:as a critic played a key role in developing
8400:Shell, Marc; Sollors, Werner, eds. (2000).
8321:"American Literature: A Vanishing subject?"
7809:
7620:"Jonathan Franzen: Great American Novelist"
7608:
7181:Lease 1972, p. 70, quoting Harold C. Martin
6576:The Norton Anthology of American Literature
6045:
5340:, a performance space for poetry readings.
2063:. Among the leaders was Emerson's friend,
1547:
1255:. Less strict and serious writers included
642:, and authors of slave narratives, such as
11599:
11585:
11232:
11218:
8540:
8533:
8519:
8186:
7925:
7578:
7576:
7335:William Faulkner: seeing through the South
7292:
6884:
6882:
6880:
5930:
5916:
2659:wrote about Mexican-American experiences.
2397:novelists to write in English, and in the
2295:The Life and Adventures of JoaquĂn Murieta
926:The Life and Adventures of Joaquin Murieta
545:
531:
9955:Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes
8446:
8336:
8236:
8234:
7679:
7472:
6655:
6144:American literature (academic discipline)
4680:. Among the best plays of the period are
4044:Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
3670:aesthetic in his Faulknerian 1965 debut,
3635:was chosen in a 2006 survey conducted by
2866:
2571:(1862–1937) scrutinized the upper-class,
2176:(1819–1891) made a name for himself with
1421:" were popular. Major satirists included
568:but also includes literature produced in
131:Learn how and when to remove this message
8495:19th Century American Fiction and Poetry
8385:. New York; London: Bloomsbury Academic.
8315:
8158:
7771:
7710:
7648:
7617:
7584:"All-Time 100 Novels: The Complete List"
7373:"Seeking Salvation On the Silver Screen"
7370:
7364:
7322:Ernest Hemingway: The Search for Courage
6888:
6741:. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 2002.
5248:
5179:Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza
5059:
4857:
4616:
4563:
4245:
4120:
4034:
4024:
3962:
3804:, narrative fragmentation and elaborate
3789:
3643:
3514:
3416:
3301:
3183:
3173:
3141:set the tone with his Whitmanesque poem
3007:, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1948
2999:
2876:
2734:
2677:
2551:
2415:tradition through his novels, including
2309:
2139:
2030:
1880:
1833:in 1831, considered an early example of
1676:. These novels are of the Gothic genre.
1624:
1487:
1348:
1148:, cared little for the church; Morton's
1067:
1063:
975:
826:, and African Americans authors such as
241:
10006:List of counties and county equivalents
7931:
7573:
6901:from the original on September 29, 2005
6877:
6832:
6711:Colden, Cadwallader, and John G. Shea.
6617:
6615:
6613:
6611:
6609:
6607:
6518:from the original on September 28, 2020
6459:
6410:
5213:How the GarcĂa Girls Lost Their Accents
4874:Woman Hollering Creek and Other Stories
3510:
3482:
2894:(1902–1968) set many of his stories in
1344:
1339:Collection of Hymns and Spiritual Songs
1190:Mamusse Wunneetupanatamwe Up-Biblum God
1133:History of Plymouth Plantation, 1620–47
1130:, author of the journal published as a
1009:English capture of the Dutch colony of
604:, published in 1791. Writer and critic
259:This article is part of a series on the
14:
11865:
11239:
8388:
8362:
8231:
8192:
8117:
8092:
7692:from the original on September 3, 2011
7404:
7371:Kakutani, Michiko (January 12, 1996).
7222:from the original on November 10, 2012
7194:. New York: Hill and Wang, 2007: 7–8.
7152:
6404:Romani literature § United States
4921:figured prominently in this movement.
4471:(Pulitzer Prize for Poetry, 1971) and
4453:(Pulitzer Prize for Poetry, 1993) and
4216:Studies in Classic American Literature
3567:and was unanimously nominated for the
3065:Though born in Canada, Chicago raised
2873:List of writers of the Lost Generation
2389:(writing about African Americans), of
1470:The History of the Five Indian Nations
1395:The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin
1355:The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin
1307:This same period saw the beginning of
971:
11580:
11213:
8514:
8275:from the original on January 26, 2021
8243:Norton Anthology of Latino Literature
7987:"A Brief Guide to the Fireside Poets"
7968:from the original on December 1, 2022
7893:
7846:
7753:from the original on October 26, 2018
7711:Kakutani, Michiko (August 31, 2007).
7649:Kakutani, Michiko (August 15, 2010).
7546:
7528:from the original on November 5, 2013
7511:
7192:American Transcendentalism: A History
7163:from the original on January 17, 2021
7077:from the original on February 5, 2023
7030:from the original on February 6, 2021
6981:
6956:
6865:from the original on February 5, 2023
6765:100, number 4 (October 1976), p. 456.
6549:from the original on December 4, 2021
6434:
5098:(2003), which was shortly adapted to
4502:In addition, in this same period the
4379:, the key figure of the surrealistic
3124:The 1950s poetry and fiction of the "
2547:
2233:Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl
2006:writing about the American frontier.
8506:Electronic Texts in American Studies
8353:
8216:from the original on August 28, 2017
8171:10.1093/acref/9780199764358.001.0001
8080:from the original on October 8, 2020
8070:"The Nobel Prize in Literature 2020"
7547:Bloom, Harold (September 24, 2003).
7411:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
6889:Campbell, Donna M. (July 14, 2008).
6692:
6604:
6058:American Academy of Arts and Letters
5195:The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao
4853:
4722:Witchcraft; or, the Martyrs of Salem
4686:Superstition; or, the Fanatic Father
4370:
3730:genre in the Pulitzer Prize-winning
2259:Clotel; or, The President's Daughter
1877:19th century – Unique American style
1483:
867:American Indian literary nationalism
838:. In 2016, the folk-rock songwriter
69:adding citations to reliable sources
40:
36:American literature (disambiguation)
8484:(Online Version of 1907–1921 print)
8140:from the original on April 30, 2018
8118:Hassan, Adeel (February 28, 2018).
7493:from the original on August 8, 2020
7450:"Nobel Prize Award Ceremony Speech"
7435:, page 269. Touchstone Press, 2000.
6661:The Life and Times of Cotton Mather
6505:
4713:The Octoroon; or, Life in Louisiana
4499:(Pulitzer Prize for Poetry, 1987).
4483:(Pulitzer Prize for Poetry, 1999);
4475:(Pulitzer Prize for Poetry, 2009);
4445:(Pulitzer Prize for Poetry, 1977);
4435:(Pulitzer Prize for Poetry, 1954);
4389:(Pulitzer Prize for Poetry, 1976);
3818:, published to moderate acclaim in
3627:has drawn favorable comparisons to
3441:Everything That Rises Must Converge
2109:The political conflict surrounding
2059:fostered the movement now known as
1787:as the basis for a novel) in 1828.
842:won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
221:; 20th-century writer and novelist
24:
8111:
8020:. January 24, 2018. Archived from
7723:from the original on June 23, 2011
7680:Tanenhaus, Sam (August 19, 2010).
7592:. October 16, 2005. Archived from
7561:from the original on June 17, 2006
7107:from the original on July 12, 2020
6536:
6466:A Companion to American Literature
5390:Bearheart: The Heirship Chronicles
5336:). Pietri was a co-founder of the
5233:The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love
4236:Because I could not stop for Death
4083:God's Controversy With New England
3876:, a novel centering on his native
3231:. Other notable works include the
2626:. Journalistic critics, including
2490:The Octopus: A Story of California
2484:McTeague: A Story of San Francisco
1561:, published in London in 1775 and
1341:, "the first Indian best-seller".
909:
856:
279:
25:
11899:
9351:Director of National Intelligence
8471:
7661:from the original on May 12, 2011
7618:Grossman, Lev (August 12, 2010).
7460:from the original on May 31, 2022
7444:
7405:Lopate, Phillip (April 6, 2021).
7386:from the original on May 20, 2013
7242:"Hamlin Garland and Henry George"
7055:. University of Wisconsin Press.
6961:. Twayne Publishers. p. 82.
6488:from the original on May 31, 2022
6154:List of American literary critics
6052:Category:American literary awards
4958:, about a Chinese soldier in the
4865:, best known for her first novel
3866:. He began his writing career in
3843:Brief Interviews with Hideous Men
2634:, were labeled "The Muckrakers".
2588:(1878–1968), most famous for his
2481:genre. His notable works include
2421:(1885) and his work as editor of
2320:Mark Twain (the pen name used by
2306:Late 19th century Realist fiction
2211:
1907:. Irving wrote humorous works in
576:The American Revolutionary Period
213:19th-century writer and humorist
32:American Fiction (disambiguation)
11724:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
9507:Government Accountability Office
8356:A History of American Literature
7324:(Rowman & Littlefield, 2014)
7218:. Wisconsin Historical Society.
6700:A History of American Literature
6397:List of Mexican-American writers
6305:List of African-American writers
6127:
6113:
5899:
4941:Tripmaster Monkey: His Fake Book
4386:Self-portrait in a Convex Mirror
3412:
1433:also wrote poems about the War.
1276:The History of the Dividing Line
875:Indigenous literatures in Canada
514:
225:; 20th-century writer, novelist
198:
189:
178:
169:
158:
149:
45:
8290:
8257:
8198:
8152:
8062:
8049:
8036:
8010:
7980:
7950:
7887:
7803:
7765:
7549:"Dumbing down American readers"
7512:Bloom, Harold (June 15, 2009).
7425:
7398:
7327:
7314:
7301:
7286:
7273:
7260:
7234:
7216:Dictionary of Wisconsin History
7204:
7184:
7175:
7146:
7137:
7128:
7119:
7089:
7042:
6975:
6950:
6941:The Yearbook of English Studies
6929:
6913:
6826:
6805:
6788:
6731:
6718:
6715:. New York: T.H. Morrell, 1866.
6705:
6667:
6649:
6640:
6317:List of Jewish American writers
6195:Literature of Southern states:
4993:, and Korean American novelist
4559:
4241:
4116:
4096:
3913:, whose Pulitzer Prize-winning
2772:wrote a famous anti-war novel,
2526:
1660:in 1798, and in 1799 published
1464:Even earlier than Franklin was
1301:Letters from an American Farmer
1296:J. Hector St. John de Crèvecœur
1074:Letters from an American Farmer
56:needs additional citations for
11150:Separation of church and state
9366:National Reconnaissance Office
9309:President of the United States
8358:. Malden, Ma: Wiley-Blackwell.
7810:Worthington, Marjorie (2018).
6628:
6581:
6530:
6499:
6453:
6428:
6392:List of Cuban-American writers
6351:List of Asian American writers
6283:American literature in Spanish
5458:, largely unnoticed since the
5219:In the Time of the Butterflies
4805:American literature in Spanish
4442:The Changing Light at Sandover
4383:of poetry, and his celebrated
3958:
3812:began his writing career with
3431:, who developed a distinctive
3257:called "arguably his finest".
3253:(1996), which literary critic
3227:(1990), were both awarded the
2343:Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
2276:Blake; or, The Huts of America
2013:, a group of writers known as
1961:The Fall of the House of Usher
1713:Other notable authors include
1510:Notes on the State of Virginia
1263:(who likewise wrote a diary).
1214:Wonders of the Invisible World
1183:translated the Bible into the
898:has existed among the various
13:
1:
8212:. Library of Congress. 2012.
7847:Nicol, Bran (June 15, 2018).
7281:Scott Fitzgerald: A Biography
7270:(Yale University Press, 2015)
7212:"Garland, Hamlin 1860 – 1940"
6625:, Barron's Educational, 1992.
6329:List of Arab American writers
5294:The Passion of Antigone Perez
5122:...y no se lo tragĂł la tierra
4826:which led to the creation of
4799:Ethnic studies and literature
4694:Fashion; or, Life in New York
3101:(1963), and Russian-American
3072:The Adventures of Augie March
2460:Maggie: A Girl of the Streets
2381:, and William Sydney Porter (
1965:The Murders in the Rue Morgue
1943:American literary nationalism
1106:A modell of Christian Charity
11888:Culture of the United States
11852:United States Virgin Islands
9512:Government Publishing Office
8980:Technological and industrial
8120:"A Young Poet's Inspiration"
8057:The invisible poet: TS Eliot
7864:10.1007/978-3-319-89902-2_14
6539:"Native American Literature"
6508:"Native American Literature"
6385:List of Puerto Rican writers
6295:Armenian American literature
6278:American Catholic literature
6169:Theater in the United States
5373:, through such novelists as
5206:. Another Dominican author,
4983:, best known for her novel,
4613:Theater of the United States
4573:National Youth Poet Laureate
4425:earned him another in 1993;
4206:, the long, central poem in
3698:", calling the character of
3475:, and the more experimental
3334:The Man Who Was Almost a Man
2965:Let Us Now Praise Famous Men
2641:The Education of Henry Adams
2268:The Garies and Their Friends
1980:Benjamin Penhallow Shillaber
1706:in 1801; Royall Tyler wrote
1578:is best known for her novel
570:languages other than English
7:
11883:English-language literature
10984:Women's reproductive health
9950:Federally recognized tribes
9813:Public utilities commission
9717:Public Health Service Corps
9620:Code of Federal Regulations
9502:Congressional Budget Office
9356:Central Intelligence Agency
9262:Water supply and sanitation
8689:Declaration of Independence
8453:"American Literature"
8381:Moore, Michelle E. (2019).
8363:Madsen, Deborah L. (2000).
7743:"2012 National Book Awards"
6833:Joudrey, Thomas J. (2013).
6794:Schweitzer, Ivy. "Review".
6468:, Wiley, pp. 349–364,
6464:, in Belasco, Susan (ed.),
6460:Kellman, Steven G. (2020),
6341:Chinese American literature
6300:African-American literature
6164:Poetry of the United States
6106:
6086:United States Poet Laureate
5506:List of years in literature
5371:Native American Renaissance
5110:second and third generation
4817:African-American literature
4809:Mexican American literature
4703:Putnam, the Iron Son of '76
4456:Faithful and Virtuous Night
4306:(1926) and the epic cycle,
4075:, whose best-selling poem,
3988:and twenty-first centuries.
3906:to great critical acclaim.
3264:. Roth vigorously explores
3250:In the Beauty of the Lilies
3111:(1955). The highly popular
3058:(1962), by Southern author
2638:'s literate autobiography,
2166:(1850), is a drama, set in
1992:Augustus Baldwin Longstreet
1953:The Masque of the Red Death
1835:African-American literature
1502:Declaration of Independence
1417:, poems and songs such as "
1309:African-American literature
916:Native American Renaissance
566:English-language literature
10:
11904:
11566:Women's writing in English
10162:Red states and blue states
10067:City commission government
10062:Council–manager government
8338:10.1162/daed.2006.135.2.22
8003:December 18, 2015, at the
7353:December 13, 2007, at the
6757:February 12, 2015, at the
6663:. New York: HarperCollins.
6637:by Robert J. Allison, p.14
6545:. Weber State University.
6474:10.1002/9781119056157.ch84
6312:Jewish American literature
6289:Ethnic minority literature
6049:
5941:
5870:History of science fiction
5363:'s Pulitzer Prize–winning
5359:Spurred by the success of
5169:The Last of the Menu Girls
5057:and others to prominence.
4944:. Chinese-American author
4836:gay and lesbian literature
4813:Jewish American literature
4802:
4610:
4157:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
4018:
3569:Pulitzer Prize for Fiction
3437:A Good Man is Hard to Find
3229:Pulitzer Prize for Fiction
2870:
2499:(1903). Norris along with
2023:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
1580:Charlotte: A Tale of Truth
1208:Magnalia Christi Americana
1087:The History of New England
913:
860:
852:Native American literature
849:
846:Native American literature
620:pioneered the influential
29:
11878:North American literature
11827:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
11742:
11614:
11608:North American literature
11508:
11458:
11435:
11403:
11310:
11303:
11247:
11171:
10997:
10870:
10802:
10455:
10451:
10442:
10390:
10255:
10246:
10142:
10113:
10090:
10029:
9996:
9987:
9930:
9918:Comparison of governments
9893:
9856:
9833:
9749:
9729:
9660:
9598:
9520:
9443:
9301:
9292:
9288:
9279:
9001:
8992:
8937:
8897:Post-Cold War (1991–2008)
8738:drafting and ratification
8711:Articles of Confederation
8624:
8558:
8549:
8395:. Boston, Ma: de Gruyter.
8018:"Emily Dickinson Archive"
7992:January 16, 2014, at the
7293:Dos Passos, John (1932).
6957:Sears, Donald A. (1978).
6839:The New England Quarterly
6817:Early American Literature
6796:Early American Literature
6635:A Short History of Boston
6589:English Historical Review
6363:Hispanic American writers
6336:Asian American literature
6181:Literature of New England
5967:(biographer and novelist)
5944:Nobel Prize in Literature
5159:The House on Mango Street
5149:, an icon of an emerging
5067:reading at the launch of
4868:The House on Mango Street
4821:Asian American literature
4461:Nobel prize in literature
4419:Collected Poems 1951–1971
4365:Nobel Prize in Literature
4173:Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.
4014:
2991:Post-World War II fiction
2930:Nobel Prize in Literature
2815:Nobel Prize in Literature
2113:inspired the writings of
2027:Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.
1967:", is seen as the first
1690:Of the picaresque genre,
1508:, his autobiography, his
1447:The Christian Philosopher
935:O-gi-maw-kwe Mit-I-gwa-ki
904:cultures of these peoples
818:, Asian American authors
711:, who became famous with
562:colonies that preceded it
246:Main reading room at the
11847:Turks and Caicos Islands
10937:Prescription drug prices
10057:Mayor–council government
10047:Coterminous municipality
10037:Consolidated city-county
9803:Agriculture commissioner
9453:House of Representatives
9361:National Security Agency
9011:Contiguous United States
8448:Woodberry, George Edward
8406:. New York: SUNY Press.
7747:National Book Foundation
7049:Said, Omar Ibn. (2014).
6982:Marfo, Florence (2009).
6819:. 24.2: (1989) 135–151.
6798:. 23.2: (1988) 221–225.
6435:Lease, Benjamin (1972).
6324:Arab American literature
6273:Deaf American literature
6046:American literary awards
5456:Arab American literature
5073:Arizona State University
4840:working-class literature
4606:
4067:, whose best poems, the
3953:2012 National Book Award
3609:Civil Rights Act of 1965
3452:The Violent Bear It Away
2995:
2673:
2454:The Red Badge of Courage
2418:The Rise of Silas Lapham
2337:Adventures of Tom Sawyer
2322:Samuel Langhorne Clemens
2004:George Washington Harris
1957:The Pit and the Pendulum
1932:The Last of the Mohicans
1893:war with Britain in 1812
1867:The Valley of Shenandoah
1858:The Last of the Mohicans
1789:Catherine Maria Sedgwick
1548:The first American novel
1512:, and his many letters.
1496:In the post-war period,
1468:(1689–1776), whose book
1337:and a popular hymnbook,
1091:Massachusetts Bay Colony
210:Clockwise from top left:
11561:Postcolonial literature
11516:Anglo-Norman literature
11022:Criticism of government
10367:Social welfare programs
9960:State-recognized tribes
8945:Outline of U.S. history
8657:Continental Association
8463:Encyclopædia Britannica
7962:digitalresearch.bsu.edu
7932:Lubbers, Klaus (1994).
6728:. Burlington, Vt, 1935.
6598:August 7, 2020, at the
6380:Puerto Rican literature
6346:Korean American writers
5556:20th–21st century
5514:Early modern by century
5478:The Language of Baklava
5466:, whose novels include
5089:Interpreter of Maladies
4934:(1976), and her novels
4844:postcolonial literature
4342:Edna St. Vincent Millay
4324:William Carlos Williams
4219:, the English novelist
4165:John Greenleaf Whittier
4089:was also known for his
4069:Preparatory Meditations
3873:The Twenty-Seventh City
3870:with the well-received
3815:The Broom of the System
3238:The Witches of Eastwick
3204:Harry "Rabbit" Angstrom
2833:stream of consciousness
2615:The People of the Abyss
2445:(1898), a ghost story.
2375:Mary E. Wilkins Freeman
2367:Charles Egbert Craddock
2331:Life on the Mississippi
2125:John Greenleaf Whittier
1819:The Dutchman's Fireside
1692:Hugh Henry Brackenridge
1504:, his influence on the
1389:Poor Richard's Almanack
883:Mesoamerican literature
638:inspired writers, like
11777:British Virgin Islands
11325:American Sign Language
11084:Environmental movement
10927:Health insurance costs
10822:Educational attainment
10347:Federal Reserve System
10305:Science and technology
9808:Insurance commissioner
9346:Intelligence Community
9041:minor outlying islands
8804:Civil rights movement
8354:Gray, Richard (2011).
8210:National Book Festival
8044:The Life of Ezra Pound
7856:Autofiction in English
7772:Saunders, Max (2020).
7283:(HarperCollins, 1994).
7125:Lease 1972, pp. 42, 69
6781:. 65.1: (1976) 59–60.
5316:I was my own route fui
5257:
5076:
4952:for his second novel,
4882:
4622:
4576:
4469:The Carrier of Ladders
4251:
4232:Amherst, Massachusetts
4129:
4046:
4032:
3990:
3970:
3860:-winning third novel,
3837:Girl with Curious Hair
3797:
3722:(1992), winner of the
3651:
3522:
3424:
3307:
3306:Flannery-O'Connor 1947
3189:
3181:
3088:The Catcher in the Rye
3029:The Naked and the Dead
3015:, the wildly Romantic
3008:
2884:
2867:1930s – Depression-era
2854:The Sound and the Fury
2743:
2690:
2560:
2559:in World War I uniform
2393:, one of the earliest
2317:
2147:
2115:William Lloyd Garrison
2038:
2021:, then in later years
1888:
1839:Robert Montgomery Bird
1652:Charles Brockden Brown
1636:
1493:
1359:
1150:The New English Canaan
1078:
1056:, Gabriel Thomas, and
988:
768:The Naked and the Dead
751:-era writers included
685:The Portrait of a Lady
284:
251:
11714:Saint Kitts and Nevis
10910:Immigrant health care
10425:Transportation safety
10420:Transportation policy
10410:Public transportation
9480:President pro tempore
9336:Executive departments
9105:National Park Service
8760:Territorial evolution
8389:MĂĽller, Timo (2017).
8241:Ilan Stavans (2011).
8104:May 29, 2010, at the
8007:. Accessed 10-07-2015
7912:10.1353/arq.2020.0003
7896:"Becoming Autotheory"
7894:Clare, Ralph (2020).
7749:. November 14, 2012.
6591:(1907) 22#88 674–693
6007:Isaac Bashevis Singer
5974:(poet and playwright)
5942:Further information:
5906:Literature portal
5875:Literature by country
5535:Mid-modern by century
5334:Puerto Rican Obituary
5308:Puerto Rican diaspora
5252:
5240:received acclaim for
5063:
4928:'s fictional memoir,
4861:
4620:
4567:
4267:The Auroras of Autumn
4249:
4161:William Cullen Bryant
4124:
4038:
4028:
3985:
3966:
3793:
3719:All the Pretty Horses
3647:
3518:
3457:Katherine Anne Porter
3420:
3305:
3187:
3177:
3114:To Kill a Mockingbird
3003:
2952:The Day of the Locust
2928:. He was awarded the
2880:
2871:Further information:
2738:
2681:
2555:
2442:The Turn of the Screw
2411:also represented the
2363:Mary Noailles Murfree
2313:
2143:
2129:Harriet Beecher Stowe
2098:Alexis de Tocqueville
2034:
1922:Leatherstocking Tales
1905:James Fenimore Cooper
1901:William Cullen Bryant
1884:
1853:James Fenimore Cooper
1783:(earliest use of the
1715:William Gilmore Simms
1700:Tabitha Gilman Tenney
1628:
1611:Hannah Webster Foster
1568:The Power of Sympathy
1555:Thomas Attwood Digges
1491:
1352:
1071:
1064:Topics of early prose
979:
962:tribe) for his novel
914:Further information:
861:Further information:
640:Harriet Beecher Stowe
601:The Power of Sympathy
283:
245:
80:"American literature"
11546:Great American Novel
11265:Early English Jewish
11079:Environmental issues
10744:Political ideologies
10643:Indigenous languages
9843:List of legislatures
9640:separation of powers
9341:Independent agencies
9267:World Heritage Sites
8902:September 11 attacks
8825:Spanish–American War
8765:Mexican–American War
8721:Confederation period
8652:Continental Congress
8436:, eds. (1917–1921).
8108:Accessed May 5, 2010
6947:. Web. 1 March 2010.
6943:. 34: (2004) 88–99.
6851:10.1162/TNEQ_a_00257
6802:. Web. 1 March 2010.
6785:. Web. 1 March 2010.
6737:Hoermann, Alfred R.
6411:Notes and references
6256:Literature in Hawaii
6149:Great American Novel
6135:United States portal
6075:American Book Awards
6009:(novelist, wrote in
5890:Intellectual history
5338:Nuyorican Poets Café
5210:, is well known for
5204:Paterson, New Jersey
4997:, who has published
4926:Maxine Hong Kingston
4473:The Shadow of Sirius
4403:Things of This World
4169:James Russell Lowell
4111:Rebecca Hammond Lard
4073:Michael Wigglesworth
3882:"Perchance to Dream"
3822:. His second novel,
3810:David Foster Wallace
3649:David Foster Wallace
3580:The Crying of Lot 49
3553:, a strong focus on
3511:Contemporary fiction
3483:Literary non-fiction
3381:David Foster Wallace
3276:, are thought to be
3159:William S. Burroughs
2825:Yoknapatawpha County
2624:William Vaughn Moody
2578:The Age of Innocence
2510:Main-Travelled Roads
2424:The Atlantic Monthly
2409:William Dean Howells
2401:-inflected works of
2391:MarĂa Ruiz de Burton
2359:Joel Chandler Harris
2131:in her world-famous
2103:Democracy in America
2053:The American Scholar
2019:James Russell Lowell
1815:The Lion of the West
1811:James Kirke Paulding
1708:The Algerine Captive
1559:Adventures of Alonso
1431:Philip Morin Freneau
1345:Revolutionary period
1219:The Biblia Americana
820:Maxine Hong Kingston
807:was also prominent.
697:modernist literature
594:. An early novel is
521:United States portal
506:World Heritage Sites
65:improve this article
11873:American literature
11729:Trinidad and Tobago
11624:Antigua and Barbuda
11551:Jèrriais literature
11541:European literature
10922:Health care finance
10415:Rail transportation
10181:Imperial presidency
9903:State constitutions
9848:List of legislators
9798:Auditor/Comptroller
9771:Lieutenant governor
9497:Library of Congress
9388:Diplomatic Security
9031:Indian reservations
8694:American Revolution
8303:, ed. (1994–2005).
8271:. October 5, 2020.
8024:on January 24, 2018
7596:on October 19, 2005
7433:How to Read and Why
7248:on February 3, 2014
6920:Rutherford, Mildred
6823:. Web. 1 March 2010
6779:The English Journal
6623:American Literature
6423:ShellSollors (2000)
6191:Southern literature
6080:PEN literary awards
6069:National Book Award
5718:Bangladeshi English
5460:New York Pen League
5441:John Joseph Mathews
5414:Winter in the Blood
5375:Leslie Marmon Silko
5290:Luis Rafael Sánchez
5230:won a Pulitzer for
4950:National Book Award
4698:Nathaniel Bannister
4682:James Nelson Barker
4569:Amanda S. C. Gorman
3940:The Plague of Doves
3937:, whose 2008 novel
3923:, whose 2007 novel
3858:National Book Award
3724:National Book Award
3565:National Book Award
3443:", and two novels,
3284:Portnoy's Complaint
3049:Slaughterhouse-Five
2935:In his short life,
2901:The Grapes of Wrath
2896:Salinas, California
2748:F. Scott Fitzgerald
2683:F. Scott Fitzgerald
2657:Maria Cristina Mena
2387:Charles W. Chesnutt
2379:Henry Cuyler Bunner
2254:William Wells Brown
2242:A Son of the Forest
2152:Nathaniel Hawthorne
2150:In 1837, the young
2145:Nathaniel Hawthorne
2075:Amos Bronson Alcott
2065:Henry David Thoreau
2057:Emerson's influence
2043:Ralph Waldo Emerson
2036:Ralph Waldo Emerson
2000:Thomas Bangs Thorpe
1632:and his friends at
1441:. One of these was
1407:The American Crisis
1311:, through the poet
1261:Sarah Kemble Knight
972:Colonial literature
871:Hawaiian literature
788:Slaughterhouse-Five
758:The Grapes of Wrath
701:F. Scott Fitzgerald
648:Nathaniel Hawthorne
626:Henry David Thoreau
618:Ralph Waldo Emerson
558:American literature
328:Arts and literature
250:in Washington, D.C.
248:Library of Congress
18:American Literature
11664:Dominican Republic
11241:English literature
11032:affirmative action
11005:Capital punishment
10964:Poverty and health
10959:Physician shortage
10932:Health care prices
10862:Standard of living
10545:standard of living
10352:Financial position
9979:Hawaiian home land
9967:Indian reservation
9940:Tribal sovereignty
9783:Secretary of state
9652:United States Code
9568:Territorial courts
9540:Associate Justices
9425:Inspector generals
8912:War in Afghanistan
8775:Reconstruction era
8642:Stamp Act Congress
8301:Bercovitch, Sacvan
8206:"Giannina Braschi"
8125:The New York Times
7717:The New York Times
7686:The New York Times
7655:The New York Times
7630:on August 15, 2010
7487:The New York Times
7378:The New York Times
7333:John T. Matthews,
7000:10.1353/cal.0.0567
6895:Literary Movements
6702:. Blackwell, 2004.
6679:www.britannica.com
6657:Silverman, Kenneth
6621:Skipp, Francis E.
6514:. Britannica.com.
6368:Chicano literature
6186:Chicago literature
5880:History of theater
5366:House Made of Dawn
5342:Lin-Manuel Miranda
5306:). Major poets of
5258:
5186:Dominican-American
5151:Chicano literature
5105:Unaccustomed Earth
5077:
4964:PEN/Faulkner Award
4960:Revolutionary Army
4883:
4879:Chicana literature
4846:, and the rise of
4832:women's literature
4757:Tennessee Williams
4623:
4577:
4489:Time and Materials
4252:
4192:American Civil War
4153:Paul Revere's Ride
4130:
4047:
4033:
3971:
3798:
3673:The Orchard Keeper
3662:in equal measure,
3652:
3638:The New York Times
3535:internal monologue
3523:
3425:
3308:
3270:Newark, New Jersey
3235:novels (1970–98),
3190:
3188:Eudora Welty, 1962
3182:
3009:
2885:
2882:Zora Neale Hurston
2810:A Farewell to Arms
2804:The Sun Also Rises
2789:Robert La Follette
2744:
2691:
2685:, photographed by
2636:Henry Brooks Adams
2598:(1906), advocated
2561:
2548:20th century prose
2355:Thomas Nelson Page
2318:
2218:Frederick Douglass
2163:The Scarlet Letter
2148:
2123:, along with poet
2039:
1889:
1793:A New England Tale
1785:Salem witch trials
1637:
1563:William Hill Brown
1518:Alexander Hamilton
1494:
1466:Cadwallader Colden
1360:
1185:Algonquin language
1165:Alexander Whitaker
1079:
1022:Captain John Smith
989:
981:Captain John Smith
965:House Made of Dawn
939:Queen of the Woods
816:Michael Cunningham
797:Tennessee Williams
720:A Farewell to Arms
714:The Sun Also Rises
653:The Scarlet Letter
644:Frederick Douglass
596:William Hill Brown
584:Alexander Hamilton
313:race and ethnicity
285:
252:
11860:
11859:
11749:other territories
11574:
11573:
11521:Celtic literature
11504:
11503:
11295:Twentieth century
11207:
11206:
11167:
11166:
11163:
11162:
11133:National security
10842:Income inequality
10722:Statue of Liberty
10525:income inequality
10438:
10437:
10430:Trucking industry
10242:
10241:
10238:
10237:
10169:Foreign relations
10157:Electoral College
10138:
10137:
9926:
9925:
9878:District attorney
9725:
9724:
9552:Courts of appeals
9275:
9274:
8988:
8987:
8929:COVID-19 pandemic
8882:Feminist Movement
8728:American frontier
8647:Thirteen Colonies
8374:978-1-57003-379-7
8180:978-0-19-976435-8
7943:978-90-5183-628-8
7873:978-3-319-89901-5
7514:"Harold Bloom on
7418:978-0-525-56733-2
7307:Maxwell Geismar,
7266:Hazel Hutchison,
7200:978-0-8090-3477-2
7143:Sears 1978, p. 57
7134:Sears 1978, p. 80
7062:978-0-299-24953-3
6543:faculty.weber.edu
6358:Latino literature
6121:Literature portal
6082:(multiple awards)
5940:
5939:
5857:
5856:
5785:Pakistani English
5579:Poststructuralism
5493:modern literature
5243:Dreaming in Cuban
5031:David Henry Hwang
5027:Janice Mirikitani
4986:The Joy Luck Club
4931:The Woman Warrior
4854:Ethnic literature
4718:Cornelius Mathews
4637:Uncle Tom's Cabin
4571:became the first
4497:Thomas and Beulah
4395:North & South
4371:Post-World War II
3994:Bret Easton Ellis
3887:Harper's Magazine
3849:Oblivion: Stories
3586:Mason & Dixon
3560:Gravity's Rainbow
3520:Joyce Carol Oates
3501:Flannery O'Connor
3429:Flannery O'Connor
3401:visionary fiction
3328:character study.
3296:American Pastoral
3290:Goodbye, Columbus
3044:Kurt Vonnegut Jr.
2942:Miss Lonelyhearts
2842:Absalom, Absalom!
2766:Sherwood Anderson
2371:Sarah Orne Jewett
2290:John Rollin Ridge
2280:Harriet E. Wilson
2134:Uncle Tom's Cabin
2061:Transcendentalism
1996:Johnson J. Hooper
1897:Washington Irving
1861:written in 1826.
1848:Nick of the Woods
1733:Lydia Maria Child
1681:Washington Irving
1630:Washington Irving
1600:Uncle Tom's Cabin
1506:U.S. Constitution
1484:Post-independence
1455:Benjamin Franklin
1427:Francis Hopkinson
1415:Revolutionary War
1380:Benjamin Franklin
1237:Calvinist thought
1229:George Whitefield
993:Thirteen Colonies
930:John Rollin Ridge
900:Indigenous tribes
783:Kurt Vonnegut Jr.
622:Transcendentalism
610:Washington Irving
580:Benjamin Franklin
555:
554:
270:
141:
140:
133:
115:
16:(Redirected from
11895:
11817:Saint Barthélemy
11616:Sovereign states
11601:
11594:
11587:
11578:
11577:
11556:Literary fiction
11320:African American
11308:
11307:
11234:
11227:
11220:
11211:
11210:
11187:
11180:
11067:African American
10949:Health insurance
10837:Household income
10707:National symbols
10638:American English
10611:Federal holidays
10520:household income
10453:
10452:
10449:
10448:
10253:
10252:
10191:Anti-Americanism
10115:Special district
10042:Independent city
10011:County executive
9994:
9993:
9788:Attorney general
9747:
9746:
9736:Federal District
9319:Executive Office
9299:
9298:
9290:
9289:
9286:
9285:
9046:populated places
9026:federal enclaves
9021:federal district
8999:
8998:
8862:American Century
8845:Great Depression
8840:Roaring Twenties
8800:Women's suffrage
8679:Halifax Resolves
8672:Founding Fathers
8667:military history
8632:Pre-colonial era
8556:
8555:
8535:
8528:
8521:
8512:
8511:
8491:
8485:
8467:
8455:
8443:
8417:
8396:
8378:
8359:
8350:
8340:
8317:Delbanco, Andrew
8312:
8310:
8285:
8284:
8282:
8280:
8261:
8255:
8254:
8238:
8229:
8228:
8223:
8221:
8202:
8196:
8190:
8184:
8183:
8156:
8150:
8149:
8147:
8145:
8115:
8109:
8096:
8090:
8089:
8087:
8085:
8066:
8060:
8053:
8047:
8040:
8034:
8033:
8031:
8029:
8014:
8008:
7984:
7978:
7977:
7975:
7973:
7954:
7948:
7947:
7929:
7923:
7922:
7920:
7918:
7891:
7885:
7884:
7882:
7880:
7853:
7844:
7835:
7834:
7832:
7830:
7807:
7801:
7800:
7798:
7796:
7769:
7763:
7762:
7760:
7758:
7739:
7733:
7732:
7730:
7728:
7708:
7702:
7701:
7699:
7697:
7677:
7671:
7670:
7668:
7666:
7646:
7640:
7639:
7637:
7635:
7626:. Archived from
7615:
7606:
7605:
7603:
7601:
7580:
7571:
7570:
7568:
7566:
7554:The Boston Globe
7544:
7538:
7537:
7535:
7533:
7509:
7503:
7502:
7500:
7498:
7489:. May 21, 2006.
7479:
7470:
7469:
7467:
7465:
7442:
7436:
7429:
7423:
7422:
7402:
7396:
7395:
7393:
7391:
7368:
7362:
7344:
7338:
7331:
7325:
7318:
7312:
7305:
7299:
7298:
7290:
7284:
7279:Jeffrey Meyers,
7277:
7271:
7264:
7258:
7257:
7255:
7253:
7244:. Archived from
7238:
7232:
7231:
7229:
7227:
7208:
7202:
7190:Gura, Philip F.
7188:
7182:
7179:
7173:
7172:
7170:
7168:
7150:
7144:
7141:
7135:
7132:
7126:
7123:
7117:
7116:
7114:
7112:
7101:docsouth.unc.edu
7093:
7087:
7086:
7084:
7082:
7046:
7040:
7039:
7037:
7035:
6994:(4): 1213–1222.
6979:
6973:
6972:
6954:
6948:
6938:
6933:
6927:
6924:American Authors
6917:
6911:
6910:
6908:
6906:
6886:
6875:
6874:
6872:
6870:
6830:
6824:
6814:
6809:
6803:
6792:
6786:
6775:
6766:
6750:Julian P. Boyd,
6748:
6742:
6735:
6729:
6724:Gitin, Louis L.
6722:
6716:
6709:
6703:
6696:
6690:
6689:
6687:
6685:
6671:
6665:
6664:
6653:
6647:
6644:
6638:
6632:
6626:
6619:
6602:
6585:
6579:
6574:Baym, Nina, ed.
6572:
6559:
6558:
6556:
6554:
6534:
6528:
6527:
6525:
6523:
6503:
6497:
6496:
6495:
6493:
6457:
6451:
6450:
6432:
6426:
6420:
6137:
6132:
6131:
6130:
6123:
6118:
6117:
6116:
5986:Ernest Hemingway
5979:William Faulkner
5932:
5925:
5918:
5904:
5903:
5902:
5885:History of ideas
5613:
5612:
5488:
5487:
5405:William Faulkner
5361:N. Scott Momaday
5325:Empire of Dreams
5320:Giannina Braschi
5264:, author of the
5262:Giannina Braschi
5142:Teatro Campesino
5132:Bless Me, Ultima
5013:. Such poets as
4970:and in 2005 for
4948:in 1999 won the
4749:Margaret Fleming
4690:Anna Cora Mowatt
4674:showboat theater
4526:Charles Bukowski
4427:Theodore Roethke
4391:Elizabeth Bishop
4182:(1819–1892) and
4107:American culture
3978:Serge Doubrovsky
3931:Michiko Kakutani
3854:Jonathan Franzen
3728:post-apocalyptic
3660:Ernest Hemingway
3656:William Faulkner
3477:Donald Barthelme
3399:, whose surreal
3366:The Recognitions
3274:Nathan Zuckerman
3255:Michiko Kakutani
3103:Vladimir Nabokov
2978:Tropic of Cancer
2958:In non-fiction,
2947:advice columnist
2821:William Faulkner
2799:Ernest Hemingway
2757:The Great Gatsby
2740:William Faulkner
2687:Carl van Vechten
2666:(1873–1947) and
2632:Lincoln Steffens
2622:(1852–1940) and
2573:Eastern-seaboard
2557:Ernest Hemingway
2541:Looking Backward
2471:Theodore Dreiser
2395:Mexican-American
2300:Mexican-American
2206:Dark romanticism
2157:Twice-Told Tales
2087:Orestes Brownson
1929:(which includes
1774:Brother Jonathan
1645:Charlotte Temple
1605:Charlotte Temple
1595:Charlotte Temple
1590:Charlotte Temple
1585:Charlotte Temple
1498:Thomas Jefferson
1313:Phillis Wheatley
1281:American Indians
1231:represented the
1225:Jonathan Edwards
1128:William Bradford
1050:William Strachey
956:N. Scott Momaday
725:William Faulkner
709:Ernest Hemingway
670:, Melville, and
592:Thomas Jefferson
547:
540:
533:
518:
467:
273:
268:
260:
254:
253:
235:Ernest Hemingway
202:
193:
182:
173:
162:
153:
136:
129:
125:
122:
116:
114:
73:
49:
41:
21:
11903:
11902:
11898:
11897:
11896:
11894:
11893:
11892:
11863:
11862:
11861:
11856:
11750:
11748:
11738:
11610:
11605:
11575:
11570:
11536:English studies
11500:
11454:
11431:
11399:
11385:Native American
11360:Jewish American
11350:Franco American
11304:Regional/ethnic
11299:
11243:
11238:
11208:
11203:
11190:
11183:
11176:
11159:
11145:Opioid epidemic
11062:Native American
11042:intersex rights
10993:
10989:Life expectancy
10979:Medical deserts
10969:Race and health
10866:
10852:Personal income
10798:
10702:National anthem
10535:personal income
10500:Economic issues
10434:
10386:
10234:
10134:
10123:School district
10109:
10092:Minor divisions
10086:
10025:
9983:
9922:
9908:Statutory codes
9889:
9852:
9829:
9739:
9734:
9721:
9656:
9613:civil liberties
9594:
9585:Other tribunals
9564:District courts
9516:
9475:current members
9458:current members
9439:
9373:Law enforcement
9271:
8984:
8933:
8924:Great Recession
8795:Progressive Era
8785:Native genocide
8716:Perpetual Union
8704:Treaty of Paris
8662:United Colonies
8620:
8545:
8539:
8483:
8477:
8474:
8414:
8375:
8319:(Spring 2006).
8293:
8288:
8278:
8276:
8263:
8262:
8258:
8239:
8232:
8219:
8217:
8204:
8203:
8199:
8191:
8187:
8181:
8157:
8153:
8143:
8141:
8116:
8112:
8106:Wayback Machine
8097:
8093:
8083:
8081:
8068:
8067:
8063:
8054:
8050:
8041:
8037:
8027:
8025:
8016:
8015:
8011:
8005:Wayback Machine
7994:Wayback Machine
7985:
7981:
7971:
7969:
7956:
7955:
7951:
7944:
7930:
7926:
7916:
7914:
7892:
7888:
7878:
7876:
7874:
7851:
7845:
7838:
7828:
7826:
7824:
7808:
7804:
7794:
7792:
7770:
7766:
7756:
7754:
7741:
7740:
7736:
7726:
7724:
7709:
7705:
7695:
7693:
7682:"Peace and War"
7678:
7674:
7664:
7662:
7647:
7643:
7633:
7631:
7616:
7609:
7599:
7597:
7582:
7581:
7574:
7564:
7562:
7545:
7541:
7531:
7529:
7510:
7506:
7496:
7494:
7481:
7480:
7473:
7463:
7461:
7443:
7439:
7431:Bloom, Harold:
7430:
7426:
7419:
7403:
7399:
7389:
7387:
7369:
7365:
7355:Wayback Machine
7346:Kimball, Roger
7345:
7341:
7332:
7328:
7320:Keith Ferrell,
7319:
7315:
7306:
7302:
7291:
7287:
7278:
7274:
7265:
7261:
7251:
7249:
7240:
7239:
7235:
7225:
7223:
7210:
7209:
7205:
7189:
7185:
7180:
7176:
7166:
7164:
7151:
7147:
7142:
7138:
7133:
7129:
7124:
7120:
7110:
7108:
7095:
7094:
7090:
7080:
7078:
7063:
7047:
7043:
7033:
7031:
6980:
6976:
6969:
6955:
6951:
6936:
6934:
6930:
6918:
6914:
6904:
6902:
6887:
6878:
6868:
6866:
6831:
6827:
6812:
6810:
6806:
6793:
6789:
6776:
6769:
6759:Wayback Machine
6749:
6745:
6736:
6732:
6723:
6719:
6710:
6706:
6698:Gray, Richard.
6697:
6693:
6683:
6681:
6673:
6672:
6668:
6654:
6650:
6645:
6641:
6633:
6629:
6620:
6605:
6600:Wayback Machine
6586:
6582:
6573:
6562:
6552:
6550:
6535:
6531:
6521:
6519:
6506:Gunther, Erna.
6504:
6500:
6491:
6489:
6458:
6454:
6447:
6433:
6429:
6421:
6417:
6413:
6408:
6261:LGBT literature
6177:
6133:
6128:
6126:
6119:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6091:Bollingen Prize
6054:
6048:
5946:
5936:
5900:
5898:
5492:
5486:
5476:and the memoir
5464:Diana Abu-Jaber
5454:More recently,
5445:D'Arcy McNickle
5312:Julia de Burgos
5238:Cristina GarcĂa
5174:Gloria AnzaldĂşa
5147:Sandra Cisneros
5080:Indian-American
5055:Hisaye Yamamoto
4907:Bernard Malamud
4863:Sandra Cisneros
4856:
4848:literary theory
4823:
4803:Main articles:
4801:
4772:West Side Story
4708:Dion Boucicault
4646:Pulitzer Prizes
4644:, who won four
4635:adaptations of
4615:
4609:
4562:
4481:Blizzard of One
4411:The Dream Songs
4381:New York School
4373:
4346:Langston Hughes
4303:White Buildings
4287:North of Boston
4256:Wallace Stevens
4244:
4228:Emily Dickinson
4208:Leaves of Grass
4197:Leaves of Grass
4184:Emily Dickinson
4119:
4099:
4078:The Day of Doom
4061:Anne Bradstreet
4030:Emily Dickinson
4023:
4021:American poetry
4017:
3961:
3949:The Round House
3893:The Corrections
3863:The Corrections
3738:adapted to film
3682:(1979); in the
3668:Southern Gothic
3664:Cormac McCarthy
3614:Song of Solomon
3592:Against the Day
3513:
3485:
3433:Southern gothic
3415:
3389:William H. Gass
3354:Communist Party
3322:Underground Man
3266:Jewish identity
3244:Roger's Version
3211:topics such as
3126:Beat Generation
2998:
2993:
2913:Of Mice and Men
2875:
2869:
2860:Light in August
2770:John Dos Passos
2709:Lost Generation
2676:
2668:Wallace Stegner
2649:Pauline Hopkins
2550:
2529:
2463:(1893). And in
2351:George W. Cable
2334:and the novels
2308:
2214:
2174:Herman Melville
2079:Margaret Fuller
2015:Boston Brahmins
1969:detective story
1949:Edgar Allan Poe
1913:and the satire
1879:
1696:Modern Chivalry
1550:
1486:
1376:Joseph Galloway
1347:
1321:Olaudah Equiano
1317:slave narrative
1289:William Bartram
1233:Great Awakening
1173:Benjamin Church
1124:Increase Mather
1066:
1006:Native American
974:
918:
912:
910:Published books
892:Oral literature
889:
859:
857:Oral literature
854:
848:
805:Musical theater
729:Wallace Stevens
705:John Dos Passos
672:Emily Dickinson
658:Herman Melville
614:Edgar Allan Poe
551:
519:
465:
271:
269:Culture of the
267:
258:
240:
239:
238:
237:
233:, and novelist
219:Edgar Allan Poe
212:
205:
204:
203:
195:
194:
185:
184:
183:
175:
174:
165:
164:
163:
155:
154:
137:
126:
120:
117:
74:
72:
62:
50:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
11901:
11891:
11890:
11885:
11880:
11875:
11858:
11857:
11855:
11854:
11849:
11844:
11839:
11837:Sint Eustatius
11834:
11829:
11824:
11819:
11814:
11809:
11804:
11799:
11794:
11789:
11784:
11782:Cayman Islands
11779:
11774:
11769:
11764:
11759:
11753:
11751:
11743:
11740:
11739:
11737:
11736:
11731:
11726:
11721:
11716:
11711:
11706:
11701:
11696:
11691:
11686:
11681:
11676:
11671:
11666:
11661:
11656:
11651:
11646:
11641:
11636:
11631:
11626:
11620:
11618:
11612:
11611:
11604:
11603:
11596:
11589:
11581:
11572:
11571:
11569:
11568:
11563:
11558:
11553:
11548:
11543:
11538:
11533:
11531:English poetry
11528:
11523:
11518:
11512:
11510:
11509:Related topics
11506:
11505:
11502:
11501:
11499:
11498:
11493:
11488:
11483:
11478:
11473:
11468:
11462:
11460:
11456:
11455:
11453:
11452:
11447:
11441:
11439:
11433:
11432:
11430:
11429:
11424:
11419:
11413:
11411:
11401:
11400:
11398:
11397:
11392:
11387:
11382:
11377:
11372:
11367:
11362:
11357:
11352:
11347:
11342:
11337:
11335:Asian American
11332:
11327:
11322:
11316:
11314:
11305:
11301:
11300:
11298:
11297:
11292:
11287:
11282:
11277:
11272:
11267:
11262:
11260:Middle English
11257:
11251:
11249:
11245:
11244:
11237:
11236:
11229:
11222:
11214:
11205:
11204:
11202:
11201:
11196:
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11118:
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11108:
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11101:Mass shootings
11098:
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11089:Climate change
11086:
11076:
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11069:
11064:
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11027:Discrimination
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10817:American Dream
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10784:Transportation
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10275:Communications
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10196:exceptionalism
10193:
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10174:foreign policy
10166:
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9871:Chief justices
9866:Supreme courts
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9608:Bill of Rights
9604:
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9587:
9582:
9581:
9580:
9578:list of judges
9575:
9573:list of courts
9561:
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9557:list of judges
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8684:Lee Resolution
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8473:
8472:External links
8470:
8469:
8468:
8458:Chisholm, Hugh
8444:
8430:Sherman, S. P.
8418:
8413:978-0814797525
8412:
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8074:NobelPrize.org
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7572:
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7516:Blood Meridian
7504:
7471:
7454:NobelPrize.org
7437:
7424:
7417:
7397:
7363:
7359:New York Times
7339:
7337:(Wiley, 2011).
7326:
7313:
7300:
7295:Three Soldiers
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6373:Chicano poetry
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6233:South Carolina
6229:North Carolina
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6101:O. Henry Award
6098:
6096:Pushcart Prize
6093:
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6083:
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6072:
6066:
6063:Pulitzer Prize
6060:
6047:
6044:
6043:
6042:
6035:
6028:
6021:
6018:Joseph Brodsky
6014:
6003:
5996:
5993:John Steinbeck
5989:
5982:
5975:
5968:
5961:
5958:Eugene O'Neill
5954:
5951:Sinclair Lewis
5938:
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5908:
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5862:Related topics
5859:
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5745:
5743:Indian English
5735:
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5574:Deconstruction
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5482:
5419:Sherman Alexie
5395:Louise Erdrich
5385:Gerald Vizenor
5353:In the Heights
5228:Oscar Hijuelos
5224:Cuban American
5200:social outcast
5065:Sherman Alexie
5047:Carlos Bulosan
5006:A Gesture Life
5000:Native Speaker
4966:, in 2000 for
4855:
4852:
4828:Ethnic Studies
4800:
4797:
4642:Eugene O'Neill
4631:minstrel shows
4611:Main article:
4608:
4605:
4603:, and others.
4561:
4558:
4556:, and others.
4522:Allen Ginsberg
4399:Richard Wilbur
4372:
4369:
4361:The Waste Land
4357:The Waste Land
4338:E. E. Cummings
4334:Marianne Moore
4277:The Waste Land
4243:
4240:
4221:D. H. Lawrence
4203:Song of Myself
4134:Fireside Poets
4118:
4115:
4103:Philip Freneau
4098:
4095:
4087:Nicholas Noyes
4052:Bay Psalm Book
4019:Main article:
4016:
4013:
3960:
3957:
3935:Louise Erdrich
3911:Michael Chabon
3713:bildungsromans
3708:Border Trilogy
3695:As I Lay Dying
3689:Blood Meridian
3629:Virginia Woolf
3604:The Bluest Eye
3531:Thomas Pynchon
3512:
3509:
3484:
3481:
3469:Raymond Carver
3414:
3411:
3385:Joseph McElroy
3377:Thomas Pynchon
3361:William Gaddis
3330:Richard Wright
3314:'s 1952 novel
3224:Rabbit at Rest
3218:Rabbit is Rich
3139:Allen Ginsberg
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2937:Nathanael West
2892:John Steinbeck
2868:
2865:
2848:As I Lay Dying
2793:Isadora Duncan
2780:U.S.A. trilogy
2775:Three Soldiers
2762:Sinclair Lewis
2695:Gertrude Stein
2675:
2672:
2628:Ida M. Tarbell
2586:Upton Sinclair
2549:
2546:
2532:Edward Bellamy
2528:
2525:
2501:Hamlin Garland
2307:
2304:
2278:(1859–62) and
2228:Harriet Jacobs
2213:
2212:Ethnic writers
2210:
2117:and his paper
2100:'s two-volume
1878:
1875:
1698:in 1792–1815;
1576:Susanna Rowson
1549:
1546:
1514:The Federalist
1485:
1482:
1372:John Dickinson
1346:
1343:
1333:published his
1253:Samuel Willard
1245:Thomas Shepard
1142:Nathaniel Ward
1138:Roger Williams
1136:. Others like
1120:Winthrop Fleet
1095:Edward Winslow
1065:
1062:
973:
970:
952:Pulitzer Prize
911:
908:
858:
855:
850:Main article:
847:
844:
793:Eugene O'Neill
753:John Steinbeck
745:E. E. Cummings
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121:September 2020
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11330:Arab American
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11074:Energy policy
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11040:
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11025:
11023:
11020:
11016:
11015:incarceration
11013:
11012:
11011:
11008:
11006:
11003:
11002:
11000:
10996:
10990:
10987:
10985:
10982:
10980:
10977:
10975:
10972:
10970:
10967:
10965:
10962:
10960:
10957:
10955:
10952:
10950:
10947:
10945:
10942:
10938:
10935:
10933:
10930:
10928:
10925:
10924:
10923:
10920:
10916:
10913:
10911:
10908:
10906:
10903:
10901:
10900:Prenatal care
10898:
10896:
10895:Birth control
10893:
10891:
10888:
10887:
10886:
10883:
10881:
10878:
10877:
10875:
10873:
10869:
10863:
10860:
10858:
10855:
10853:
10850:
10848:
10845:
10843:
10840:
10838:
10835:
10833:
10832:Homeownership
10830:
10828:
10825:
10823:
10820:
10818:
10815:
10813:
10810:
10809:
10807:
10805:
10801:
10795:
10792:
10790:
10787:
10785:
10782:
10780:
10777:
10775:
10772:
10770:
10767:
10765:
10762:
10760:
10757:
10755:
10752:
10750:
10747:
10745:
10742:
10740:
10737:
10735:
10732:
10728:
10725:
10723:
10720:
10718:
10715:
10713:
10710:
10709:
10708:
10705:
10703:
10700:
10698:
10695:
10693:
10690:
10686:
10683:
10681:
10678:
10676:
10673:
10671:
10668:
10666:
10663:
10662:
10661:
10658:
10656:
10653:
10649:
10646:
10644:
10641:
10639:
10636:
10635:
10634:
10631:
10629:
10626:
10624:
10621:
10619:
10616:
10612:
10609:
10608:
10607:
10604:
10602:
10599:
10595:
10592:
10591:
10590:
10587:
10585:
10582:
10580:
10577:
10573:
10570:
10568:
10565:
10564:
10563:
10560:
10556:
10555:working class
10553:
10551:
10548:
10546:
10543:
10541:
10538:
10536:
10533:
10531:
10528:
10526:
10523:
10521:
10518:
10516:
10515:homeownership
10513:
10511:
10508:
10506:
10503:
10502:
10501:
10498:
10496:
10493:
10491:
10488:
10486:
10483:
10481:
10478:
10476:
10473:
10471:
10468:
10466:
10463:
10462:
10460:
10458:
10454:
10450:
10447:
10445:
10441:
10431:
10428:
10426:
10423:
10421:
10418:
10416:
10413:
10411:
10408:
10406:
10403:
10401:
10398:
10397:
10395:
10393:
10389:
10383:
10380:
10378:
10375:
10373:
10370:
10368:
10365:
10363:
10360:
10358:
10355:
10353:
10350:
10348:
10345:
10343:
10340:
10338:
10335:
10333:
10330:
10328:
10325:
10321:
10318:
10316:
10313:
10311:
10308:
10306:
10303:
10301:
10298:
10296:
10295:Manufacturing
10293:
10291:
10288:
10286:
10283:
10281:
10278:
10276:
10273:
10271:
10268:
10266:
10263:
10262:
10261:
10258:
10257:
10254:
10251:
10249:
10245:
10231:
10228:
10224:
10223:Third parties
10221:
10219:
10216:
10214:
10211:
10210:
10209:
10206:
10202:
10199:
10197:
10194:
10192:
10189:
10188:
10187:
10184:
10182:
10179:
10175:
10172:
10171:
10170:
10167:
10163:
10160:
10158:
10155:
10154:
10153:
10150:
10148:
10145:
10144:
10141:
10129:
10126:
10125:
10124:
10121:
10120:
10118:
10116:
10112:
10106:
10103:
10101:
10098:
10097:
10095:
10093:
10089:
10083:
10080:
10078:
10075:
10073:
10070:
10068:
10065:
10063:
10060:
10058:
10055:
10053:
10050:
10048:
10045:
10043:
10040:
10038:
10035:
10034:
10032:
10028:
10022:
10019:
10017:
10014:
10012:
10009:
10007:
10004:
10003:
10001:
9999:
9995:
9992:
9990:
9986:
9980:
9977:
9973:
9970:
9969:
9968:
9965:
9961:
9958:
9956:
9953:
9951:
9948:
9947:
9946:
9943:
9941:
9938:
9937:
9935:
9933:
9929:
9919:
9916:
9914:
9911:
9909:
9906:
9904:
9901:
9900:
9898:
9896:
9892:
9884:
9881:
9880:
9879:
9876:
9872:
9869:
9868:
9867:
9864:
9863:
9861:
9859:
9855:
9849:
9846:
9844:
9841:
9840:
9838:
9836:
9832:
9824:
9821:
9820:
9819:
9816:
9814:
9811:
9809:
9806:
9804:
9801:
9799:
9796:
9794:
9791:
9789:
9786:
9784:
9781:
9777:
9774:
9773:
9772:
9769:
9765:
9762:
9761:
9760:
9757:
9756:
9754:
9752:
9748:
9745:
9743:
9737:
9732:
9728:
9718:
9715:
9713:
9710:
9706:
9703:
9701:
9698:
9696:
9693:
9691:
9688:
9686:
9683:
9681:
9678:
9676:
9673:
9672:
9671:
9668:
9667:
9665:
9663:
9659:
9653:
9650:
9646:
9643:
9641:
9638:
9636:
9633:
9631:
9628:
9627:
9626:
9623:
9621:
9618:
9614:
9611:
9610:
9609:
9606:
9605:
9603:
9601:
9597:
9591:
9590:U.S. attorney
9588:
9586:
9583:
9579:
9576:
9574:
9571:
9570:
9569:
9565:
9562:
9558:
9555:
9554:
9553:
9550:
9546:
9543:
9541:
9538:
9536:
9535:Chief Justice
9533:
9532:
9531:
9530:Supreme Court
9528:
9527:
9525:
9523:
9519:
9513:
9510:
9508:
9505:
9503:
9500:
9498:
9495:
9493:
9490:
9486:
9483:
9481:
9478:
9476:
9473:
9472:
9471:
9468:
9464:
9461:
9459:
9456:
9455:
9454:
9451:
9450:
9448:
9446:
9442:
9436:
9435:Public policy
9433:
9431:
9430:Civil service
9428:
9426:
9423:
9419:
9416:
9414:
9411:
9409:
9406:
9404:
9401:
9399:
9396:
9394:
9391:
9389:
9386:
9384:
9381:
9379:
9376:
9375:
9374:
9371:
9367:
9364:
9362:
9359:
9357:
9354:
9352:
9349:
9348:
9347:
9344:
9342:
9339:
9337:
9334:
9332:
9329:
9327:
9324:
9320:
9317:
9315:
9312:
9311:
9310:
9307:
9306:
9304:
9300:
9297:
9295:
9291:
9287:
9284:
9282:
9278:
9268:
9265:
9263:
9260:
9258:
9255:
9251:
9248:
9246:
9243:
9241:
9238:
9236:
9233:
9231:
9228:
9226:
9223:
9221:
9218:
9216:
9213:
9212:
9211:
9207:
9203:
9200:
9198:
9195:
9193:
9190:
9188:
9185:
9183:
9180:
9178:
9175:
9173:
9170:
9168:
9165:
9163:
9160:
9158:
9155:
9153:
9150:
9148:
9145:
9143:
9140:
9138:
9135:
9133:
9130:
9128:
9125:
9123:
9120:
9119:
9118:
9115:
9111:
9108:
9107:
9106:
9103:
9099:
9098:Sierra Nevada
9096:
9094:
9091:
9089:
9086:
9084:
9081:
9079:
9076:
9075:
9074:
9071:
9069:
9066:
9064:
9061:
9059:
9056:
9052:
9049:
9047:
9044:
9042:
9039:
9037:
9036:insular zones
9034:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9022:
9019:
9017:
9014:
9012:
9009:
9008:
9007:
9004:
9003:
9000:
8997:
8995:
8991:
8981:
8978:
8976:
8973:
8971:
8968:
8966:
8963:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8953:
8951:
8948:
8946:
8943:
8942:
8940:
8936:
8930:
8927:
8925:
8922:
8918:
8915:
8913:
8910:
8909:
8908:
8907:War on Terror
8905:
8903:
8900:
8898:
8895:
8893:
8890:
8888:
8887:LGBT Movement
8885:
8883:
8880:
8878:
8875:
8873:
8870:
8868:
8865:
8863:
8860:
8856:
8853:
8852:
8851:
8848:
8846:
8843:
8841:
8838:
8836:
8833:
8831:
8828:
8826:
8823:
8819:
8816:
8814:
8811:
8809:
8806:
8805:
8803:
8801:
8798:
8796:
8793:
8791:
8788:
8786:
8783:
8781:
8778:
8776:
8773:
8771:
8768:
8766:
8763:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8753:
8751:
8748:
8744:
8741:
8739:
8736:
8735:
8734:
8731:
8729:
8726:
8722:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8713:
8712:
8709:
8705:
8702:
8700:
8697:
8696:
8695:
8692:
8690:
8687:
8685:
8682:
8680:
8677:
8673:
8670:
8668:
8665:
8663:
8660:
8658:
8655:
8653:
8650:
8648:
8645:
8643:
8640:
8639:
8638:
8635:
8633:
8630:
8629:
8627:
8623:
8617:
8614:
8612:
8609:
8607:
8604:
8602:
8599:
8597:
8594:
8592:
8589:
8587:
8584:
8582:
8579:
8577:
8574:
8572:
8569:
8567:
8564:
8563:
8561:
8557:
8554:
8552:
8548:
8543:
8542:United States
8536:
8531:
8529:
8524:
8522:
8517:
8516:
8513:
8507:
8504:
8502:
8499:
8496:
8493:
8489:
8482:
8481:
8476:
8475:
8465:
8464:
8459:
8454:
8449:
8445:
8441:
8440:
8435:
8434:Van Doren, C.
8431:
8427:
8423:
8419:
8415:
8409:
8405:
8404:
8398:
8394:
8393:
8387:
8384:
8380:
8376:
8370:
8366:
8361:
8357:
8352:
8348:
8344:
8339:
8334:
8330:
8326:
8322:
8318:
8314:
8309:
8308:
8302:
8298:
8297:
8296:
8274:
8270:
8266:
8260:
8252:
8248:
8244:
8237:
8235:
8227:
8215:
8211:
8207:
8201:
8195:, p. 107
8194:
8189:
8182:
8176:
8172:
8168:
8164:
8163:
8155:
8139:
8135:
8131:
8127:
8126:
8121:
8114:
8107:
8103:
8100:
8095:
8079:
8075:
8071:
8065:
8058:
8055:Hugh Kenner,
8052:
8045:
8039:
8023:
8019:
8013:
8006:
8002:
7999:
7995:
7991:
7988:
7983:
7967:
7963:
7959:
7953:
7945:
7939:
7935:
7928:
7913:
7909:
7906:(1): 85–107.
7905:
7901:
7897:
7890:
7875:
7869:
7865:
7861:
7857:
7850:
7843:
7841:
7825:
7823:9781496208750
7819:
7815:
7814:
7806:
7791:
7787:
7783:
7779:
7775:
7768:
7752:
7748:
7744:
7738:
7722:
7718:
7714:
7707:
7691:
7687:
7683:
7676:
7660:
7656:
7652:
7645:
7629:
7625:
7621:
7614:
7612:
7595:
7591:
7590:
7585:
7579:
7577:
7560:
7556:
7555:
7550:
7543:
7527:
7523:
7519:
7517:
7508:
7492:
7488:
7484:
7478:
7476:
7459:
7455:
7451:
7447:
7441:
7434:
7428:
7420:
7414:
7410:
7409:
7401:
7385:
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7379:
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7367:
7360:
7356:
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7343:
7336:
7330:
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7310:
7304:
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7269:
7263:
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7221:
7217:
7213:
7207:
7201:
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7187:
7178:
7162:
7158:
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7149:
7140:
7131:
7122:
7106:
7102:
7098:
7092:
7076:
7072:
7068:
7064:
7058:
7054:
7053:
7045:
7029:
7025:
7021:
7017:
7013:
7009:
7005:
7001:
6997:
6993:
6989:
6985:
6978:
6970:
6968:080-5-7723-08
6964:
6960:
6953:
6946:
6942:
6932:
6925:
6921:
6916:
6900:
6896:
6892:
6885:
6883:
6881:
6869:September 21,
6864:
6860:
6856:
6852:
6848:
6844:
6840:
6836:
6829:
6822:
6818:
6808:
6801:
6797:
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6780:
6774:
6772:
6764:
6760:
6756:
6753:
6747:
6740:
6734:
6727:
6721:
6714:
6708:
6701:
6695:
6680:
6676:
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6662:
6658:
6652:
6643:
6636:
6631:
6624:
6618:
6616:
6614:
6612:
6610:
6608:
6601:
6597:
6594:
6590:
6584:
6577:
6571:
6569:
6567:
6565:
6548:
6544:
6540:
6537:MacKay, K.L.
6533:
6517:
6513:
6509:
6502:
6487:
6483:
6479:
6475:
6471:
6467:
6463:
6456:
6448:
6446:0-226-46969-7
6442:
6438:
6431:
6424:
6419:
6415:
6405:
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6398:
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6393:
6390:
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6366:
6364:
6361:
6360:
6359:
6356:
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6337:
6334:
6330:
6327:
6326:
6325:
6322:
6318:
6315:
6314:
6313:
6310:
6306:
6303:
6302:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6292:
6288:
6287:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6267:
6264:
6263:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6250:
6249:West Virginia
6246:
6242:
6238:
6234:
6230:
6226:
6222:
6218:
6214:
6210:
6206:
6202:
6198:
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6179:
6178:
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6165:
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6136:
6125:
6122:
6111:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6070:
6067:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6055:
6053:
6040:
6036:
6033:
6029:
6026:
6025:Toni Morrison
6022:
6019:
6015:
6012:
6008:
6004:
6001:
5997:
5994:
5990:
5987:
5983:
5980:
5976:
5973:
5969:
5966:
5965:Pearl S. Buck
5962:
5959:
5955:
5952:
5948:
5947:
5945:
5933:
5928:
5926:
5921:
5919:
5914:
5913:
5911:
5910:
5907:
5897:
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5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5867:
5866:
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5861:
5860:
5853:
5850:
5849:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5835:
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5833:
5829:
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5823:
5820:
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5810:
5808:
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5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5786:
5783:
5782:
5781:
5778:
5776:
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5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
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5751:
5748:
5744:
5741:
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5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5705:
5704:
5703:
5699:
5698:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5649:
5648:
5647:
5643:
5642:
5637:
5636:South African
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5623:
5622:
5621:
5618:
5615:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5606:
5605:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5569:Structuralism
5567:
5565:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5559:
5555:
5554:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5540:
5539:
5538:
5534:
5533:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5519:
5518:
5517:
5513:
5512:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5502:
5501:
5497:
5496:
5490:
5489:
5481:
5479:
5475:
5471:
5470:
5465:
5461:
5457:
5452:
5450:
5449:Mourning Dove
5446:
5442:
5438:
5434:
5430:
5427:), and poets
5426:
5425:
5420:
5416:
5415:
5410:
5406:
5402:
5401:
5400:Love Medicine
5396:
5392:
5391:
5386:
5382:
5381:
5376:
5372:
5368:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5355:
5354:
5349:
5348:
5343:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5327:
5326:
5321:
5317:
5313:
5309:
5305:
5304:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5286:
5281:
5277:
5276:Rosario Ferré
5273:
5272:
5267:
5263:
5255:
5251:
5247:
5245:
5244:
5239:
5235:
5234:
5229:
5225:
5221:
5220:
5215:
5214:
5209:
5208:Julia Alvarez
5205:
5201:
5197:
5196:
5191:
5187:
5183:
5181:
5180:
5175:
5171:
5170:
5165:
5164:Denise Chavez
5161:
5160:
5156:
5155:bildungsroman
5152:
5148:
5144:
5143:
5138:
5134:
5133:
5128:
5127:Rudolfo Anaya
5124:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5111:
5107:
5106:
5101:
5097:
5096:
5091:
5090:
5085:
5084:Jhumpa Lahiri
5081:
5074:
5070:
5066:
5062:
5058:
5056:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5040:
5036:
5032:
5028:
5024:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5008:
5007:
5002:
5001:
4996:
4995:Chang-Rae Lee
4992:
4988:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4975:
4974:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4957:
4956:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4942:
4937:
4933:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4914:
4913:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4895:Joseph Heller
4892:
4891:Norman Mailer
4888:
4880:
4876:
4875:
4870:
4869:
4864:
4860:
4851:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4796:
4794:
4790:
4789:August Wilson
4786:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4773:
4768:
4767:
4762:
4761:Arthur Miller
4758:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4738:
4734:
4730:
4725:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4714:
4709:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4678:minstrel show
4675:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4653:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4639:
4638:
4632:
4628:
4619:
4614:
4604:
4602:
4598:
4597:Alex Dimitrov
4594:
4590:
4586:
4585:Saul Williams
4582:
4581:Amanda Gorman
4574:
4570:
4566:
4557:
4555:
4554:Robert Pinsky
4551:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4508:Robert Lowell
4505:
4500:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4457:
4452:
4451:The Wild Iris
4448:
4444:
4443:
4438:
4437:James Merrill
4434:
4433:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4407:John Berryman
4404:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4378:
4368:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4349:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4330:
4325:
4322:(1917–1969).
4321:
4320:
4315:
4311:
4310:
4305:
4304:
4299:
4295:
4294:
4293:New Hampshire
4289:
4288:
4283:
4279:
4278:
4273:
4269:
4268:
4263:
4262:
4257:
4250:First edition
4248:
4239:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4226:By contrast,
4224:
4222:
4218:
4217:
4211:
4209:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4127:
4123:
4114:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4094:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4079:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4065:Edward Taylor
4062:
4058:
4054:
4053:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4031:
4027:
4022:
4012:
4011:
4007:
4003:
4002:Maggie Nelson
3999:
3995:
3989:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3975:
3969:
3965:
3956:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3941:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3927:
3926:Tree of Smoke
3922:
3921:Denis Johnson
3918:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3905:
3904:
3899:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3888:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3865:
3864:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3850:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3832:
3831:The Pale King
3827:
3826:
3825:Infinite Jest
3821:
3817:
3816:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3796:
3795:Jhumpa Lahiri
3792:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3780:
3779:
3774:
3773:
3767:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3756:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3726:; and in the
3725:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3714:
3710:(1992–98) of
3709:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3681:
3680:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3599:Toni Morrison
3596:
3594:
3593:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3543:ideogrammatic
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3527:postmodernism
3521:
3517:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3489:James Baldwin
3480:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3423:
3419:
3413:Short fiction
3410:
3408:
3407:
3406:The Lime Twig
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3318:
3317:Invisible Man
3313:
3312:Ralph Ellison
3304:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3291:
3286:
3285:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3245:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3210:
3205:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3192:In contrast,
3186:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3136:
3131:
3127:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3083:J.D. Salinger
3080:
3079:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3055:The Moviegoer
3051:
3050:
3045:
3041:
3040:
3035:
3034:Joseph Heller
3031:
3030:
3025:
3024:Norman Mailer
3020:
3018:
3014:
3006:
3005:Norman Mailer
3002:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2908:
2907:Tortilla Flat
2903:
2902:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2883:
2879:
2874:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2849:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2829:Mississippian
2826:
2822:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2749:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2731:
2730:Abraham Cahan
2726:
2722:
2718:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2620:Edwin Markham
2617:
2616:
2611:
2610:
2609:The Iron Heel
2605:
2601:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2570:
2569:Edith Wharton
2566:
2558:
2554:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2533:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2520:Jason Edwards
2516:
2515:Prairie Folks
2512:
2511:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2485:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2467:
2466:Sister Carrie
2462:
2461:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2449:Stephen Crane
2446:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2404:
2403:Abraham Cahan
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2323:
2316:
2312:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2272:Martin Delany
2269:
2265:
2264:Frank J. Webb
2261:
2260:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2246:George Copway
2243:
2239:
2238:William Apess
2235:
2234:
2229:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2209:
2207:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2120:The Liberator
2116:
2112:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2083:George Ripley
2080:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1988:Davy Crockett
1985:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1887:
1883:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1863:George Tucker
1860:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1827:Omar ibn Said
1824:
1821:in 1831, and
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1805:in 1827, and
1804:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1777:in 1825, and
1776:
1775:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1725:in 1834, and
1724:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1673:Arthur Mervyn
1669:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1545:
1541:
1539:
1538:Patrick Henry
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1522:James Madison
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1490:
1481:
1479:
1478:Carl Linnaeus
1475:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1460:
1459:Autobiography
1456:
1452:
1451:Enlightenment
1448:
1444:
1443:Cotton Mather
1440:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1423:John Trumbull
1420:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1390:
1386:. Franklin's
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1368:Josiah Quincy
1365:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1269:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1257:Samuel Sewall
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1241:Thomas Hooker
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1209:
1203:
1202:Cotton Mather
1198:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1177:Daniel J. Tan
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1161:Daniel Gookin
1157:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1146:Thomas Morton
1143:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1083:John Winthrop
1076:
1075:
1070:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1034:Daniel Denton
1031:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1011:New Amsterdam
1007:
1003:
1002:oral literary
998:
994:
986:
982:
978:
969:
967:
966:
961:
957:
953:
948:
946:
945:Simon Pokagon
942:
940:
936:
931:
927:
923:
917:
907:
905:
901:
897:
893:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
853:
843:
841:
837:
836:Toni Morrison
833:
832:James Baldwin
829:
828:Ralph Ellison
825:
821:
817:
813:
808:
806:
802:
801:Arthur Miller
798:
794:
790:
789:
784:
780:
779:
774:
773:Joseph Heller
770:
769:
764:
763:Norman Mailer
760:
759:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
721:
716:
715:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
689:
687:
686:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
664:
659:
655:
654:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
632:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
602:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
548:
543:
541:
536:
534:
529:
528:
526:
525:
522:
517:
513:
512:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
473:
472:
471:
468:
463:
462:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
416:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
396:
395:
394:
390:
389:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
367:
364:
362:
359:
358:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
333:
332:
331:
327:
326:
321:
318:
314:
311:
310:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
295:
294:
293:
289:
288:
282:
278:
277:
274:
272:United States
265:
264:
261:
256:
255:
249:
244:
236:
232:
228:
227:Toni Morrison
224:
220:
216:
211:
201:
192:
181:
172:
161:
152:
143:
135:
132:
124:
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82: –
81:
77:
76:Find sources:
70:
66:
60:
59:
54:This article
52:
48:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
11842:Sint Maarten
11822:Saint Martin
11745:Dependencies
11733:
11311:
11116:Human rights
11096:Gun politics
11047:Islamophobia
11037:antisemitism
10905:Hospice care
10847:Middle class
10827:Homelessness
10804:Social class
10764:Social class
10654:
10628:Human rights
10618:Homelessness
10530:middle class
10495:Demographics
10470:Architecture
10377:Unemployment
10357:Labor unions
10105:Town meeting
10082:City council
10077:City manager
9818:State police
9680:Marine Corps
9670:Armed Forces
9645:civil rights
9625:Constitution
9197:Southwestern
9192:Southeastern
9182:Northwestern
9177:Northeastern
9142:Mid-Atlantic
9132:Great Plains
8850:World War II
8733:Constitution
8637:Colonial era
8616:2008–present
8488:Bartleby.com
8486:– via
8479:
8461:
8437:
8422:Trent, W. P.
8402:
8391:
8382:
8364:
8355:
8331:(2): 22–37.
8328:
8324:
8306:
8294:
8291:Bibliography
8277:. Retrieved
8268:
8259:
8242:
8225:
8220:February 17,
8218:. Retrieved
8209:
8200:
8188:
8161:
8154:
8142:. Retrieved
8123:
8113:
8094:
8082:. Retrieved
8073:
8064:
8056:
8051:
8043:
8042:Noel Stock,
8038:
8026:. Retrieved
8022:the original
8012:
7982:
7970:. Retrieved
7961:
7952:
7933:
7927:
7915:. Retrieved
7903:
7899:
7889:
7877:. Retrieved
7855:
7827:. Retrieved
7812:
7805:
7793:. Retrieved
7781:
7777:
7767:
7755:. Retrieved
7746:
7737:
7725:. Retrieved
7716:
7706:
7694:. Retrieved
7685:
7675:
7663:. Retrieved
7654:
7644:
7632:. Retrieved
7628:the original
7623:
7598:. Retrieved
7594:the original
7587:
7563:. Retrieved
7552:
7542:
7530:. Retrieved
7521:
7515:
7507:
7495:. Retrieved
7486:
7462:. Retrieved
7453:
7446:Allén, Sture
7440:
7432:
7427:
7407:
7400:
7388:. Retrieved
7376:
7366:
7358:
7342:
7334:
7329:
7321:
7316:
7308:
7303:
7294:
7288:
7280:
7275:
7267:
7262:
7250:. Retrieved
7246:the original
7236:
7224:. Retrieved
7215:
7206:
7191:
7186:
7177:
7165:. Retrieved
7155:
7148:
7139:
7130:
7121:
7109:. Retrieved
7100:
7091:
7079:. Retrieved
7051:
7044:
7032:. Retrieved
6991:
6987:
6977:
6958:
6952:
6944:
6940:
6931:
6923:
6915:
6903:. Retrieved
6894:
6867:. Retrieved
6842:
6838:
6828:
6820:
6816:
6807:
6799:
6795:
6790:
6782:
6778:
6762:
6746:
6738:
6733:
6725:
6720:
6712:
6707:
6699:
6694:
6682:. Retrieved
6678:
6669:
6660:
6651:
6642:
6634:
6630:
6622:
6588:
6583:
6575:
6551:. Retrieved
6542:
6532:
6520:. Retrieved
6511:
6501:
6490:, retrieved
6465:
6455:
6436:
6430:
6418:
6039:Louise GlĂĽck
6034:(songwriter)
5960:(playwright)
5651:
5589:Postcolonial
5477:
5473:
5469:Arabian Jazz
5467:
5453:
5422:
5412:
5398:
5388:
5378:
5364:
5358:
5351:
5345:
5333:
5330:Pedro Pietri
5324:
5315:
5301:
5293:
5283:
5280:René Marqués
5271:Yo-Yo Boing!
5269:
5259:
5241:
5231:
5217:
5211:
5193:
5184:
5177:
5167:
5157:
5140:
5130:
5120:
5117:Tomás Rivera
5114:
5103:
5095:The Namesake
5093:
5087:
5078:
5068:
5019:Li-Young Lee
5015:Marilyn Chin
5010:
5004:
4998:
4984:
4978:
4971:
4967:
4953:
4939:
4935:
4929:
4923:
4916:
4910:
4884:
4872:
4866:
4824:
4793:Tony Kushner
4777:Edward Albee
4770:
4764:
4754:
4747:
4741:
4726:
4721:
4711:
4701:
4693:
4685:
4654:
4636:
4627:Lewis Hallam
4624:
4578:
4560:21st century
4542:Louise GlĂĽck
4538:Sylvia Plath
4513:Life Studies
4511:
4504:confessional
4501:
4496:
4488:
4480:
4472:
4468:
4454:
4450:
4447:Louise GlĂĽck
4440:
4430:
4422:
4418:
4410:
4402:
4394:
4384:
4377:John Ashbery
4374:
4360:
4356:
4350:
4327:
4317:
4307:
4301:
4291:
4285:
4282:Robert Frost
4275:
4265:
4259:
4253:
4242:20th century
4225:
4214:
4212:
4207:
4201:
4195:
4188:Walt Whitman
4180:Walt Whitman
4178:
4131:
4126:Walt Whitman
4117:19th century
4100:
4097:18th century
4082:
4076:
4068:
4050:
4048:
3991:
3986:
3982:
3972:
3948:
3938:
3924:
3914:
3908:
3901:
3891:
3885:
3871:
3861:
3847:
3841:
3835:
3829:
3823:
3813:
3799:
3782:
3776:
3770:
3759:
3753:
3747:
3742:
3731:
3717:
3716:, including
3711:
3700:Judge Holden
3693:
3687:
3684:Epic Western
3677:
3671:
3653:
3636:
3632:
3625:Harold Bloom
3618:
3612:
3602:
3597:
3590:
3589:(1997), and
3584:
3578:
3572:
3558:
3555:postcolonial
3547:anachronisms
3524:
3497:Susan Sontag
3486:
3473:Tobias Wolff
3465:John Cheever
3461:Eudora Welty
3450:
3444:
3426:
3422:Lorrie Moore
3404:
3370:
3364:
3358:
3350:autodidactic
3343:
3337:
3315:
3309:
3294:
3288:
3287:(1969), and
3282:
3259:
3248:
3242:
3236:
3222:
3216:
3197:
3191:
3162:
3152:
3149:Jack Kerouac
3142:
3135:Zen Buddhism
3129:
3123:
3112:
3106:
3098:The Bell Jar
3096:
3093:Sylvia Plath
3086:
3076:
3070:
3064:
3060:Walker Percy
3053:
3047:
3037:
3027:
3021:
3010:
2984:Black Spring
2982:
2976:
2973:Henry Miller
2971:
2963:
2957:
2950:
2940:
2934:
2925:East of Eden
2923:
2917:
2911:
2905:
2899:
2886:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2840:
2819:
2808:
2802:
2797:
2773:
2755:
2752:the Jazz Age
2745:
2713:
2698:
2692:
2664:Willa Cather
2661:
2646:
2639:
2613:
2607:
2593:
2583:
2576:
2562:
2539:
2530:
2527:Social novel
2518:
2514:
2508:
2494:
2488:
2482:
2475:Frank Norris
2464:
2458:
2452:
2447:
2440:
2436:Daisy Miller
2434:
2429:
2422:
2416:
2407:
2348:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2319:
2315:Willa Cather
2293:
2283:
2275:
2267:
2257:
2249:
2241:
2231:
2221:
2215:
2203:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2172:
2161:
2155:
2149:
2132:
2118:
2111:abolitionism
2108:
2101:
2095:
2068:
2046:
2040:
2008:
1973:
1947:
1937:
1930:
1927:Natty Bumppo
1920:
1914:
1908:
1890:
1870:
1866:
1856:
1846:
1845:in 1834 and
1842:
1823:Westward Ho!
1822:
1818:
1814:
1807:The Linwoods
1806:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1778:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1748:
1740:
1739:in 1824 and
1736:
1728:The Yemassee
1726:
1722:
1719:Martin Faber
1718:
1717:, who wrote
1712:
1707:
1703:
1695:
1689:
1684:
1678:
1671:
1667:Edgar Huntly
1665:
1661:
1655:
1650:
1644:
1641:The Coquette
1640:
1638:
1620:The Coquette
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1598:
1594:
1593:and a half,
1589:
1583:
1579:
1573:
1566:
1558:
1551:
1542:
1495:
1469:
1463:
1458:
1446:
1439:Isaac Newton
1435:
1412:
1405:
1401:Common Sense
1399:
1393:
1387:
1384:Thomas Paine
1364:Samuel Adams
1361:
1353:
1338:
1334:
1331:Samson Occom
1324:
1306:
1299:
1293:
1284:
1274:
1271:William Byrd
1265:
1223:
1218:
1212:
1211:(1702), the
1206:
1199:
1195:Stephen Daye
1188:
1158:
1149:
1131:
1109:
1098:
1086:
1080:
1072:
1046:George Percy
1042:William Penn
1029:
1025:
1019:
1015:
997:Pennsylvania
990:
984:
963:
949:
938:
934:
925:
921:
919:
896:storytelling
890:
809:
786:
776:
766:
756:
755:, author of
737:Robert Frost
718:
712:
690:
683:
668:Walt Whitman
661:
651:
636:abolitionism
629:
628:, author of
599:
588:Thomas Paine
574:
557:
556:
355:
336:Architecture
257:
231:Louise GlĂĽck
209:
142:
127:
118:
108:
101:
94:
87:
75:
63:Please help
58:verification
55:
11812:Puerto Rico
11719:Saint Lucia
11669:El Salvador
11466:Bangladeshi
11450:New Zealand
11370:New England
11285:Romanticism
11275:Restoration
11270:Elizabethan
11255:Old English
11121:Immigration
11052:LGBT rights
10954:Food safety
10789:Video games
10382:Wall Street
10362:Public debt
10265:Agriculture
10201:nationalism
9913:Uniform act
9835:Legislative
9742:Territorial
9700:Coast Guard
9695:Space Force
9445:Legislative
9240:Red (South)
9230:Mississippi
9152:New England
9088:Appalachian
9058:Earthquakes
8955:Discoveries
8950:Demographic
8892:Vietnam War
8835:World War I
8830:Imperialism
8780:Indian Wars
8755:War of 1812
8426:Erskine, J.
8279:October 12,
8193:Madsen 2000
8028:January 24,
7757:December 2,
7600:December 4,
7565:December 4,
7497:December 4,
7390:December 3,
7252:January 29,
7226:October 17,
6553:December 3,
6522:December 4,
6225:Mississippi
6000:Saul Bellow
5972:T. S. Eliot
5843:New Zealand
5830:Australasia
5429:Simon Ortiz
5409:James Welch
5298:José Rivera
5153:whose 1983
5137:Luis Valdez
5043:Toshio Mori
5039:Sui Sin Far
5023:Kimiko Hahn
4938:(1980) and
4918:The Promise
4903:Chaim Potok
4899:Philip Roth
4887:Saul Bellow
4785:David Mamet
4781:Sam Shepard
4744:James Herne
4737:local color
4650:Nobel Prize
4593:Saeed Jones
4589:Ocean Vuong
4550:Gary Snyder
4546:Mary Oliver
4534:Anne Sexton
4530:Gary Snyder
4485:Robert Hass
4477:Mark Strand
4465:W.S. Merwin
4415:A.R. Ammons
4353:T. S. Eliot
4290:(1914) and
4272:T. S. Eliot
4264:(1923) and
4006:Chris Kraus
3998:Sheila Heti
3974:Autofiction
3968:Chris Kraus
3959:Autofiction
3898:tragicomedy
3846:(1999) and
3784:Falling Man
3781:(1991) and
3749:White Noise
3744:Don DeLillo
3617:(1977) and
3539:metafiction
3505:Joan Didion
3397:John Hawkes
3393:Don DeLillo
3369:(1955) and
3326:existential
3262:Philip Roth
3247:(1986) and
3221:(1981) and
3199:Rabbit, Run
3194:John Updike
3179:John Updike
3164:Naked Lunch
3154:On the Road
3075:(1953) and
3067:Saul Bellow
3042:(1961) and
2981:(1934) and
2919:Cannery Row
2785:Eugene Debs
2725:T. S. Eliot
2700:Three Lives
2653:Sui Sin Far
2604:Jack London
2493:(1901) and
2431:Henry James
2244:(1829) and
2226:(1845) and
2011:New England
1984:New England
1802:Hope Leslie
1780:Rachel Dyer
1760:Seventy-Six
1530:Fisher Ames
1419:Nathan Hale
1413:During the
1152:mocked the
1058:John Lawson
1054:Daniel Coxe
1038:Thomas Ashe
1028:(1608) and
954:in 1969 to
824:Ocean Vuong
781:(1961) and
733:T. S. Eliot
693:World War I
680:Henry James
11867:Categories
11807:Montserrat
11802:Martinique
11797:Guadeloupe
11649:Costa Rica
11445:Australian
11375:New Mexico
11248:Historical
11155:Xenophobia
10944:Disability
10885:Healthcare
10794:Visual art
10739:Philosophy
10685:television
10675:newspapers
10665:journalism
10655:Literature
10567:attainment
10218:Republican
10213:Democratic
10186:Ideologies
10147:Corruption
9712:NOAA Corps
9635:preemption
9630:federalism
9245:Rio Grande
9147:Midwestern
9127:West Coast
9122:East Coast
8965:Inventions
8877:Space Race
8872:Korean War
8855:home front
8790:Gilded Age
8245:. Norton.
7936:. Rodopi.
7784:(4): 763.
7696:August 19,
7665:August 16,
7634:August 16,
7167:August 10,
7071:1043364329
6512:Britannica
6050:See also:
6027:(novelist)
6002:(novelist)
5995:(novelist)
5988:(novelist)
5981:(novelist)
5953:(novelist)
5838:Australian
5822:Vietnamese
5594:Electronic
5584:Postmodern
5491:History of
5437:Zitkala-Sa
5285:The Oxcart
5254:Celeste Ng
5190:Junot DĂaz
5051:John Okada
5035:Frank Chin
4912:The Chosen
4432:The Waking
4319:The Cantos
4314:Ezra Pound
4309:The Bridge
4298:Hart Crane
4140:, regular
4040:Title page
4010:Ben Lerner
3802:digression
3761:Underworld
3702:"short of
3493:Gore Vidal
3446:Wise Blood
3339:Native Son
3278:alter egos
3233:Henry Bech
3169:hard drugs
3119:Harper Lee
3117:(1960) by
3013:modernists
2960:James Agee
2888:Depression
2837:Deep South
2717:Ezra Pound
2595:The Jungle
2590:muckraking
2565:naturalist
2507:farmers. (
2505:Midwestern
2479:naturalist
2197:Billy Budd
2091:Jones Very
1976:Seba Smith
1910:Salmagundi
1891:After the
1741:The Rebels
1723:Guy Rivers
1694:published
1534:James Otis
1516:essays by
1187:(1663) as
1181:John Eliot
1169:John Mason
1104:arrival. "
943:(1899) by
928:(1854) by
749:Depression
741:Ezra Pound
691:Following
676:Mark Twain
624:movement;
481:Great Seal
419:newspapers
356:Literature
215:Mark Twain
91:newspapers
11792:Greenland
11704:Nicaragua
11679:Guatemala
11491:Pakistani
11476:Caribbean
11290:Victorian
11138:Terrorism
10915:Rationing
10812:Affluence
10759:Sexuality
10727:Uncle Sam
10633:Languages
10562:Education
10505:affluence
10465:Americana
10392:Transport
10290:Insurance
10280:Companies
10260:By sector
10152:Elections
9793:Treasurer
9751:Executive
9690:Air Force
9662:Uniformed
9485:President
9302:Executive
9073:Mountains
9006:Territory
8994:Geography
8818:1954–1968
8813:1896–1954
8808:1865–1896
8770:Civil War
8611:1991–2008
8606:1980–1991
8601:1964–1980
8596:1945–1964
8591:1917–1945
8586:1865–1917
8581:1849–1865
8576:1815–1849
8571:1789–1815
8566:1776–1789
8559:By period
8251:607322888
8144:April 30,
8134:0362-4331
8084:March 21,
7998:Poets.org
7778:Biography
7727:April 17,
7522:A.V. Club
7111:August 8,
7081:August 8,
7034:August 8,
7024:161625199
7008:0161-2492
6959:John Neal
6845:: 60–88.
6684:March 27,
6482:216443099
6237:Tennessee
6217:Louisiana
6032:Bob Dylan
5780:Pakistani
5770:Malayalam
5672:Colombian
5662:Brazilian
5657:Argentine
5607:By region
5564:Modernism
5498:By decade
5433:Joy Harjo
5266:Spanglish
4973:War Trash
4936:China Men
4766:Oklahoma!
4670:Tom Shows
4601:Ada LimĂłn
4493:Rita Dove
4261:Harmonium
3878:St. Louis
3806:symbolism
3755:Americana
3704:Moby Dick
3551:archaisms
3345:Black Boy
2932:in 1962.
2600:socialism
2523:(1892).)
2270:, (1857)
2191:Moby-Dick
2041:In 1836,
2017:included
1939:John Neal
1886:John Neal
1851:in 1837.
1825:in 1832.
1817:in 1830,
1809:in 1835.
1799:in 1824,
1795:in 1822,
1771:in 1823,
1767:in 1823,
1763:in 1823,
1757:in 1822,
1751:in 1817,
1749:Keep Cool
1745:John Neal
1743:in 1825.
1731:in 1835.
1721:in 1833,
1710:in 1797.
1634:Sunnyside
1249:John Wise
1100:Mayflower
840:Bob Dylan
663:Moby-Dick
606:John Neal
486:Monuments
451:Mythology
446:Americana
404:Festivals
378:Sculpture
11757:Anguilla
11689:Honduras
11659:Dominica
11634:Barbados
11481:Filipino
11471:Canadian
11422:Scottish
11390:Southern
11380:New York
11340:Catholic
11312:American
11280:Augustan
11194:Category
10890:Abortion
10754:Religion
10712:Columbia
10670:internet
10606:Holidays
10601:Folklore
10572:literacy
10510:eviction
10400:Aviation
10372:Taxation
10327:Currency
10320:by state
10230:Scandals
10100:Township
9858:Judicial
9759:Governor
9522:Judicial
9408:Marshals
9281:Politics
9235:Missouri
9225:Columbia
9220:Colorado
9215:Arkansas
9208:Longest
9187:Southern
9172:Northern
9016:counties
8970:Military
8960:Economic
8938:By topic
8917:Iraq War
8867:Cold War
8625:By event
8450:(1911).
8347:57567897
8325:Daedalus
8273:Archived
8269:Remezcla
8214:Archived
8138:Archived
8102:Archived
8078:Archived
8001:Archived
7990:Archived
7966:Archived
7917:March 6,
7879:March 6,
7829:March 6,
7795:March 6,
7790:27100087
7751:Archived
7721:Archived
7690:Archived
7659:Archived
7559:Archived
7532:March 3,
7526:Archived
7491:Archived
7458:Archived
7384:Archived
7351:Archived
7220:Archived
7161:Archived
7105:Archived
7075:Archived
7028:Archived
7016:27743138
6988:Callaloo
6905:March 1,
6899:Archived
6863:Archived
6859:57567236
6755:Archived
6659:(1984).
6596:Archived
6593:in JSTOR
6547:Archived
6516:Archived
6486:archived
6245:Virginia
6221:Maryland
6213:Kentucky
6201:Arkansas
6107:See also
5760:Kashmiri
5750:Japanese
5728:Gujarati
5692:Peruvian
5682:Jamaican
5667:Canadian
5652:American
5644:Americas
5631:Nigerian
5626:Moroccan
5474:Crescent
5380:Ceremony
5347:Hamilton
5268:classic
4676:and the
4666:Metamora
4658:Jonathan
4648:and the
4429:and his
4417:, whose
4409:and his
4401:and his
4393:and her
4329:Paterson
4312:(1930),
4300:and his
4296:(1923),
4284:and his
4280:(1922),
4274:and his
4270:(1950),
4258:and his
4091:doggerel
3852:(2004).
3840:(1989),
3787:(2007).
3775:(1988),
3766:Cold War
3733:The Road
3595:(2006).
3583:(1966),
3577:(1963),
3449:(1952);
3409:(1961).
3299:(1997).
3241:(1984),
3213:adultery
3091:(1951),
3039:Catch-22
3032:(1948),
3017:beatniks
2517:(1892),
2513:(1891),
2487:(1899),
2469:(1900),
2383:O. Henry
2326:Missouri
2302:issues.
2262:(1853),
2199:, Sailor
1959:", and "
1765:Randolph
1526:John Jay
1474:Iroquois
1315:and the
1298:, whose
1273:and his
1154:Puritans
1116:flagship
968:(1968).
778:Catch-22
771:(1948),
688:(1881).
439:Internet
409:Folklore
320:Religion
303:Language
11787:Curaçao
11772:Bonaire
11767:Bermuda
11694:Jamaica
11674:Grenada
11629:Bahamas
11437:Oceanic
11405:British
11345:Chicago
11178:Outline
11126:illegal
11111:Smoking
10974:Obesity
10857:Poverty
10779:Theater
10769:Society
10623:Housing
10584:Fashion
10540:poverty
10485:Cuisine
10457:Culture
10444:Society
10405:Driving
10332:Exports
10310:Tourism
10270:Banking
10248:Economy
10208:Parties
10052:Charter
10016:Sheriff
9463:Speaker
9331:Cabinet
9294:Federal
9202:Western
9167:Eastern
9162:Central
9157:Pacific
9117:Regions
9068:Islands
8551:History
8460:(ed.).
8059:(1965).
7972:May 31,
7464:May 31,
6492:May 31,
6209:Georgia
6205:Florida
6197:Alabama
6011:Yiddish
5797:Punjabi
5775:Marathi
5755:Kannada
5723:Chinese
5713:Bengali
5687:Mexican
5599:Ergodic
5421:(e.g.,
5411:(e.g.,
5387:(e.g.,
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5296:), and
5226:author
5188:author
5082:author
5075:in 2016
4991:Mahjong
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4423:Garbage
4149:stanzas
4093:verse.
3903:Freedom
3679:Suttree
3633:Beloved
3620:Beloved
3439:" and "
2742:in 1954
2536:utopian
2496:The Pit
2413:realist
2399:Yiddish
2168:Puritan
1843:Calavar
1797:Redwood
1737:Hobomok
1657:Wieland
1268:planter
1118:of the
1111:Arbella
466:Symbols
399:Cuisine
383:Theater
351:Fashion
298:History
290:Society
229:, poet
105:scholar
11709:Panama
11699:Mexico
11644:Canada
11639:Belize
11486:Indian
11365:Latino
11355:Hawaii
11199:Portal
11106:Hunger
11057:racism
10998:Issues
10872:Health
10774:Sports
10734:People
10579:Family
10550:wealth
10475:Cinema
10300:Mining
10285:Energy
10030:Cities
9998:County
9932:Tribal
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9314:powers
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9083:ranges
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5977:1949:
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5852:Europe
5812:Telugu
5802:Sindhi
5792:Pashto
5765:Korean
5738:Indian
5708:Afghan
5617:Africa
5236:, and
5125:) and
5009:, and
4946:Ha Jin
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4057:Psalms
4015:Poetry
4008:, and
3947:novel
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3676:, and
3391:, and
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1925:about
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11684:Haiti
11459:Other
11427:Welsh
11417:Irish
11409:Irish
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10880:Aging
10697:Names
10692:Music
10680:radio
10660:Media
10490:Dance
10480:Crime
10315:Trade
10072:Mayor
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8343:S2CID
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8369:ISBN
8281:2020
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8222:2015
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8130:ISSN
8086:2021
8030:2018
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7881:2024
7868:ISBN
7831:2024
7818:ISBN
7797:2024
7759:2012
7729:2010
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7567:2009
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7392:2009
7254:2014
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6871:2017
6686:2023
6555:2021
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5548:19th
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5527:17th
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