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everywhere on their tour, posing as his sister and doing most of the talking. The two of them had cover stories as salesmen for agricultural products. They had success in finding many recruits for resistance groups and farm fields suitable for clandestine landings of airplanes and drops of containers of arms. Borrel, Suttill, and the radio operator, Gilbert Norman, became an inseparable trio. Borrel and Norman became lovers. They were a pair in contrast. He was handsome, "upper-caste", and rich. She was "shrewd and common". Whilst working in
Prosper she took part in a wide range of activities including the creation of circuits in Paris and northern France, sabotage, weapons training, and supervising weapons drops. Suttill was impressed with Borrel's performance. In a note to SOE in March 1943, Suttill wrote:
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course, there was the danger too. Back in
England they told us the reception committee had a man missing so they couldn't place the lights for the signal the way they were supposed to. We went back again the next night. We sat on the floor of the airplane , much too tense for conversation, which in any case was not possible because of the noise. I don't remember how long it was until the dispatcher opened the hole, which meant we were arriving. We crept nearer, getting our legs into position. We had drawn straws and luck gave Andrée the first jump. I went immediately after her. You had to jump very quickly, one right after the other, because the plane is going on and you might be dropped very far from each other.
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650:. The agents were treated no differently from other prisoners – markedly better than those in concentration camps – and were given manual work to do, peeling potatoes, sewing, etc., which helped pass the time. Occasionally, through the high bars, they could hear Allied bombers headed for targets within Germany, so on the whole things looked good for them even if there was the possibility of dying in an air raid. The war was unmistakably coming closer to an end and they could reasonably expect to be liberated by the Allies before too long.
539:. Prosper engaged many of the same people on the list in building its resistance networks. The Germans did not take immediate action to suppress the resistors, but bided their time. The rapid growth of Prosper and the large number of people associated with the network, including nearly 30 SOE agents sent from Britain, resulted in loose security. At least 10 SOE agents used the apartment of Geraldine Tambour as a safe house and letter drop, violating SOE doctrine to avoid face-to-face contact among agents. One radio operator,
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831: Lt. Borrel was also given the task of organising parachute dropping operations, and took part in several coups de mains, notably an operation against the Chevilly power station in March 1943. She distinguished herself by her coolness and efficiency and always volunteered for the most dangerous tasks. Her commanding officer paid tribute to her great qualities, describing her as "a perfect lieutenant, an excellent organiser who shares all the dangers".
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308:), which helped British airmen shot down over France, SOE agents, Jews and others escape German controlled France. The villa proved too small and at the beginning of October they rented the Villa Anita. Toward the end of December the escape network had been compromised by the Germans. Borrel and Dufour found other accommodation to avoid arrest until eventually escaping over the Pyrénées in mid-February to Spain and from there to
727:, recognized Borrel as one of his former helpers. He exchanged a few words with another one of the women, who said she was English (Leigh or Rowden) before she disappeared into the cellblock building. At the post-war trial of the men charged with the execution of the four women, Guérisse stated that he was in the infirmary and had seen the women, one by one, being escorted by SS guards from the cellblock (
33:
742:, which the doctor believed was lethal. When the woman became unconscious after the injection, she was inserted into the crematorium oven. Guérrise said, "The next morning the German prisoner in charge of the crematorium explained to me that each time the door of the oven was opened, the flames came out of the chimney and that meant a body had been put in the oven. I saw the flames four times."
585:, struck at Prosper's leadership. Borrel, Norman, and Suttill were arrested. Hundreds of others, including both French helpers and SOE agents, were also arrested in the ensuing months. Borrel was interrogated, but according to one author exhibited a fearless contempt for her captors, maintaining "a silence so disdainful that the Germans did not attempt to break it." Later transferred to the
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277:. One of Borrel's co-workers there was Lieutenant Maurice Dufour, and when the hospital was closed they were both sent to Hôpital Compliméntaire. Towards the end of July that hospital was to be closed and, at the request of Dufour, Borrel was allowed to resign from this quasi-military institution, after which she immediately went to work with Dufour for the
1060:. Did General De Gaulle tell the whole truth about the French resistance? This is the purpose of this documentary. Jean Marie Barrere, the French director, uses the story of his own grandfather (Robert) to tell the French what SOE did at that time. Robert was a French teacher based in the southwest of France, who worked with SOE agent
850:(KCBC). The concentration camp where she died is a now a French government historical site, where a plaque to Borrel and the three women who died with her is part of the Deportation Memorial on the site. As one of the SOE agents who died for the liberation of her country, Lieutenant Borrel is listed on the "Roll of Honor" on the
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More than one witness talked of a struggle when the fourth woman was shoved into the furnace. According to a Polish prisoner named Walter
Schultz, the SS medical orderly Emil Brüttel told him the following: "When the last woman was halfway in the oven (she had been put in feet first), she had come to
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men led the four women through the center of the camp down to the cellblock at the bottom of the camp. They were held there until later that night. "One could see from their appearance that they hadn't come from a camp," said a French prisoner. "They seemed young, they were fairly well groomed, their
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This officer was parachuted into France in
November 1942 as an assistant to an organiser in the Paris area. She proved herself an able and devoted lieutenant, and was appointed second in command of the organisation. Owing to her cool judgment she was always chosen for the most delicate and dangerous
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The prisoner Guérisse referred to was Franz Berg, who assisted in the crematorium and had stoked the fire that night before being sent back to the room he shared with two other prisoners before the executions. The door was locked from the outside during the executions, but it was possible to see the
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The four women were initially together but later put into individual cells. Through the windows, which faced those of the infirmary, they managed to communicate with several prisoners, including a
Belgian prisoner, Dr Georges Boogaerts, who passed one of the women (whom he later identified as Borrel
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Between five and six in the morning on 6 July 1944, not quite two months after their arrival in
Karlsruhe prison, Borrel, Leigh, Olschanezky and Rowden were taken to the reception room, given their personal possessions, and escorted by two Gestapo men 100 kilometres south-west by closed truck to the
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Mlle Borrel's story seems perfectly straightforward. It is corroborated by Dufour who, on arriving in
England, vouched for her. She is an excellent type of country girl, who has intelligence and seems a keen patriot. From a security point of view, I can find nothing against Mlle Borrel and recommend
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Her father (Louis) died when she was 11, and to help support her family Borrel left school at 14 to work for a dress designer. When she was 16, her family moved to Paris, where Borrel spent two years as a shop assistant in
Boulangerie Pajo, a bakery. After this she worked at the Bazar d'Amsterdam as
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Of sound intelligence, if lacking somewhat in imagination. She has little organising ability and will do her best work under definite instructions. She is thoroughly tough and self-reliant with no nerves. Has plenty of common sense and is well able to look after herself in any circumstances and she
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We were starting on this journey together in fear, but all of us hoping for something above all that we would remain together. We had all had a taste already of what things could be like, none of us did expect for anything very much, we all knew that they could put us to death. I was the only one
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As it happens, we went twice. The pilot wouldn't drop us the first time because the lights of the landing field were not quite accurate, so we had to come all the way back, which was very trying. You were squashed in that little place with a parachute on your back and your legs drawn up, and, of
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of the Free French movement but they have made it a condition that she should give them all the intelligence concerning the organization for which she was working in France. This she refuses to do and apparently they refuse to employ her unless she does. I think that she would make an excellent
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Suttill initially did not wish to have Borrel work with him because "as a married man" he "might find the enforced proximity a strain." However, SOE insisted she was the best person to serve as his courier. She became more than that. Suttill's French was not flawless and Borrel accompanied him
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Everyone who has come into contact with her in her work agrees with myself that she is the best of us all. In J…'s absence, she acted as my
Lieutenant. Shared every danger. Took part in a December reception committee with myself and some others. Has a perfect understanding of security and an
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but they were not enthusiastic about French citizens who had worked with the
British (who were deeply involved in the escape network Borrel had been working with), and were not interested in Borrel as she refused to divulge information about all her prior activities. Borrel was subsequently
589:, Borrel smuggled out notes to her mother written on cigarette paper hidden in lingerie she sent her sister for washing. Most messages were to reassure her mother and request items like a notebook and hairpins, ending with many kisses. Borrel's mother and sister lived in Paris.
834: Lt Borrel was arrested by the Gestapo in July 1943. For her great bravery and devotion to duty during nine months of active underground work in France, it is recommended that she be appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (civil division).
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When had gone, we went to the crematorium oven, opened the door and saw that there were four blackened bodies within. Next morning in the course of my duties I had to clear the ashes out of the crematorium oven. I found a pink woman's stocking garter on the floor near the
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her senses and struggled. As there were sufficient men there, they were able to push her into the oven, but not before she had resisted and scratched Straub's face." The next day Schultz noticed that the face of the camp executioner (Straub) had been severely scratched.
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Not long before World War II broke out, Borrel's socialist sympathies led her to travel to Spain to help the Republican government in its fight against the Nazi-backed fascists in Spain. However, she found that the war had all but been lost, and returned to France.
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and become the first female SOE agents to parachute into German-occupied France early on the morning of 25 September, as part of operation "Whitebeam" to set up resistance networks in Paris and Northern France (circuits and sub-circuits). They were flown in from
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is absolutely reliable. Has lost her attitude of over-confidence and has benefited enormously from the course and developed a thoroughly level headed approach towards problems. A very pleasant personality and she should eventually develop into a first class agent.
235:, a north-western suburb of Paris, France. She was good at sports, while her older sister (Léone) described Borrel as a tom-boy who had the strength, endurance and interests of boys whose favourite pastimes were bicycling in the countryside, hiking and climbing.
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codenamed "Felix" and "Cat", respectively. The film tells the story of the training of agents for SOE and their operations in France. The training sequences were filmed using the SOE equipment at the training schools at Traigh and Garramor (South Morar) and at
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The men she trained with found her "informal by habit, lower-class, and scrappy." She was said to be "accessible, playful, easy to like, easy to share a smoke and a laugh with, but innocent too, neither hardened nor hurt by the rough wear of war."
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games with other SOE agents in a Paris cafe violated SOE's doctrine that for security reasons networks should be independent of each other with as little contact as possible between and among networks and even among members of the same network.
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in early February, though Borrel was sent back 15 days later following a decree that nurses under the age of 21 were not allowed to serve in hospitals. This decree was revoked a few days later and she was sent to the Hôpital de Beaucaire in
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In September 1942, Borrel was the first female agent of SOE to arrive in France by parachute, which also made her the first female secret agent known to have parachuted into enemy territory. Based in Paris, she became a member of the SOE's
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We heard low voices in the next room and then the noise of a body being dragged along the floor, and he whispered to me that he could see people dragging something along the floor which was below his angle of vision through the fanlight.
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Madam Guépin, the wife of George Darling (who ran a resistance group in north-west France), said Borrel "Had a head on her shoulders and a will of iron", and was "utterly loyal and devoted to Prosper , as her chief, and to Archambaud
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concentration camp in France, where they arrived around three-thirty in the afternoon. The women's arrival was apparently unexpected as was the order by one of the women's escorts that the four women were to be executed immediately.
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a shop assistant which allowed her to have Sundays off so she could enjoy her passion for cycling. In October 1939, Borrel's mother (Eugenie) was advised to move to a warmer climate for her health, so took Andrée and her sister to
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to volunteer her services. She enrolled in a crash course in nursing that she completed on 20 January 1940, which qualified her to serve as a nurse in the Association des Dames Françaises. First at Hôpital Compliméntaire in
795:, was executed after the war. Franz Berg was sentenced to five years in prison but received the death penalty in another trial for a different crime and was hanged on the same day as Rohde. The camp commandant,
768:". We then heard the noise of a struggle and the muffled cries of the woman. I assumed that someone held a hand over her mouth. I heard the woman being dragged away too. She was groaning louder than the others.
535:, "its growth made catastrophe certain." The German occupiers were paying attention. In November 1942, a German agent stole a list of the names of more than 200 supporters of the resistance group called the
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885:, who saw Borrel and the three other female SOE agents at the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp just before their deaths, painted a poignant watercolour of the four women which now hangs in the
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Buckmaster was the head of SOE's F Section, who infamously ignored security checks by captured SOE wireless operators that indicated their capture, resulting in agents being captured and executed.
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480:, Suttill and Borrell embarked on a tour of northern France to begin creating and organizing groups to resist the German occupation. They had early success and on 17/18 November Suttill, Borrel,
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Inside the building housing the crematorium, each woman in turn was told to undress for a medical check and a doctor gave her an injection for what he told one of them was a vaccination against
625:, all of whom were F Section agents. Later that day they were taken to the railway station, and each handcuffed to a guard upon boarding the train. Sansom, in an interview after the war, said:
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addition to our own Corps Féminin and it should not be difficult to get her… She said that she was perfectly willing to let us have the information she refuses to give to the Free French.
731:) to the crematorium a few yards away. He told the court: "I saw the four women going to the crematorium, one after the other. One went, and two or three minutes later another went."
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874:. A later memorial, the SOE Agents Memorial in Lambeth Palace Road (Westminster, London), is dedicated to all SOE agents. Borrel is also commemorated in column 3 of panel 26 of the
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where she worked as a courier. Prosper was SOE's largest and most important network in France and Borrel was an important figure in its leadership. She was arrested by the
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From the noise of the crematorium oven doors which I heard, I can state definitely that in each case the groaning women were placed immediately in the crematorium oven.
472:" but unofficially called "Prosper" after Suttill's codename). In early October 1942, Suttill and Borrel met in a Paris cafe she knew. With information supplied them by
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Tentative of History of In/Exfiltrations into/from France during WWII from 1940 to 1945 (Border Crossings, Parachutes, Planes PU & Sea Landings), rev108-31122023
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F. (Maurice Buckmaster). "Note to M.T. from F. in SOE about comment by Suttill about Borrel that was extracted from a report he submitted to SOE" (24 March 1943) .
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Television series that was broadcast between 1987 and 1990 featuring the exploits of the women and, less frequently, the men of SOE, which was renamed the 'Outfit'.
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On the night of 24 September 1942 (the night after their parachute drop was aborted due to the signals in the drop zone being incorrect), Borrel ("Denise") and
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543:, claimed to have transmitted messages for 24 different agents, again violating SOE doctrine. SOE agents in groups frequented restaurants specializing in
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Post-war report on the efforts to locate Andrée Borrel. She was identified as an S.O.E. secret agent, so the report was labelled "SECRET" (top of page).
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corridor from a small window above the door, so the prisoner in the highest bunk was able to keep up a running commentary on what he saw. Berg said:
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390:(FANY). Upon the successful completion of her training, she was promoted to lieutenant. The commandant's report contained the following appraisal:
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976:'s work for SOE, partly narrated by Wake (Wake was disappointed that the film was changed from an 8-hour resistance story to a 4-hour love story).
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Monique (SOE codename for the Whitebeam operation and subsequent work in France), Denise Urbain (alias while working as an SOE agent in France)
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A once classified report compiled in 1946 by a former member of SOE's F Section, Major Robert Bourne-Patterson, who was a planning officer.
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as a SAS operative in Brittany, later becoming Professor of Modern History at Manchester University and an official historian of the SOE).
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Focus on the four female SOE agents (Borrel, Leigh, Olschanezky and Rowden) executed in the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp.
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officially condemned to death. The others were not. But there is always a fugitive ray of hope that some miracle will take place.
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As women were a rarity in the camp their presence immediately attracted attention from both German guards and prisoners.
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At the same time that this body was being brought past we heard the noise of heavy breathing and low groaning combined.
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a parachute drop of containers with weapons for the resistance. It was the first of many over the next few months.
199:. SOE agents allied themselves with resistance groups and supplied them with weapons and equipment parachuted in from
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Because of Borrel's familiarity with Paris, it was natural that she be sent there to work as a courier for the new "
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near the Spanish border. This became the Pat Line's last safe house (before the hard and dangerous route over the
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from a photograph) cigarettes through the window. Borrel threw him a little tobacco pouch containing some money.
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Following Borrel's arrest by the Gestapo, the SOE produced a citation for an award that stated the following:
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1358:, Series: Correspondence, ca. 1942, File: 22666/A, ID: S.T.S 31, pp. 1. Kew, UK: The National Archives.
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191:. The purpose of SOE was to conduct espionage, sabotage, and reconnaissance in occupied Europe against the
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1600:, Series: Correspondence, ca. 1943, File: 22666/A, ID: R/532, pp. 1. Kew, UK: The National Archives.
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work such as recruiting and arranging rendezvous, and she acted as "cut-out" for her commanding officer.
642:) – Sansom with a woman who had been in prison for three years because her own daughter (a member of the
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A source of information about the dozens of female agents sent into France during WW2 including Borrel.
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Borrel seemed like just the type of woman SOE needed for a field agent. Her SOE interviewer commented:
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Written by the son of Major Francis Suttill, the Prosper network chief executed by the Nazis in 1945.
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in 2010. The cellblock is the building on the left and the crematorium is the building on the right.
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Overview of Atkins' activity at SOE (served as Buckmaster's intelligence officer in the F Section).
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757:…and again we heard the same noises and regular groans as the insensible women were dragged away.
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SOE in France 1941-1945: An Official Account of the Special Operations Executive's French Circuits
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Overview of the scores of female SOE agents sent into occupied Europe during WW2 including Borrel.
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Shadows in the Fog: The True Story of Major Suttill and the Prosper French Resistance Network
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Soon after landing in England, like all arrivals from the Continent, Borrel was taken to the
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Documents RAF small aircraft landings in France during WW2 (author was one of the pilots).
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Lonely Courage: The true story of the SOE heroines who fought to free Nazi-Occupied France
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At the beginning of August 1941, Borrel and Dufour established the Villa Rene-Therese in
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Spymistress: The Life of Vera Atkins, the Greatest Female Secret Agent of World War II
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When the women arrived in Germany they were put into separate cells in the prison in
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Agents Françaises: French women infiltrated into France during the Second World War
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Documents the activities of female OSS and SOE agents in France including Borrel.
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Documentary about the SOE "finishing school" on the Beaulieu estate in Hampshire.
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clothes were not rubbish, their hair was brushed, and each had a case in their (
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German suppression of Prosper began in April 1943. On 23 and 24 June 1943, the
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approached by the Special Operations Executive and joined it on 15 May 1942.
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Shadow Warriors: Daring Missions of World War II by Women of the OSS and SOE
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French film about five SOE female agents and their contribution towards the
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Documents Atkins' post-war search for missing SOE agents including Borrel.
1509:. Stroud, Gloucestershire: The History Press. pp. 60–72, Appendix 2.
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On 13 May 1944, Borrel along with three other captured female SOE agents,
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Documents the activities of female SOE agents in France including Borrel.
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Register from record of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission , May 2012
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http://www.plan-sussex-1944.net/anglais/pdf/infiltrations_into_france.pdf
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1651:. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. pp. 147, 205, 309–313.
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in recognition of her defence of France, while Britain awarded her the
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imperturbable calmness. Thank you very much for having sent her to me.
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Borrel undertook training with SOE to become a field agent with their
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Secret War: The Story of SOE, Britain's Wartime Sabotage Organization
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We Landed By Moonlight: The Secret RAF landings in France 1940-1944
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They Fought Alone: The True Story of SOE's Agents in Wartime France
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as one of 3,500 "to whom war denied a known and honoured grave".
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French people who died in Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp
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HS 9 – Special Operations Executive: Personnel Files (PF Series)
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HS 9 – Special Operations Executive: Personnel Files (PF Series)
1356:
HS 9 – Special Operations Executive: Personnel Files (PF Series)
760:
The fourth, however, resisted in the corridor. I heard her say "
219:
in June 1943. She was subsequently executed in July 1944 at the
3045:
2394:
Information about female SOE agents in France including Borrel.
1308:
1272:
995:
Filming began in 1944 and starred real-life SOE agents Captain
739:
735:
240:
1823:
1396:
1394:
1194:
1140:
1064:(codenamed "Hilaire", in charge of the "Wheelwright" circuit).
3752:
Special Operations Executive personnel killed in World War II
2078:
A Life in Secrets: Vera Atkins and the Missing Agents of WWII
1949:
1567:
1565:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1172:
1170:
953:
859:
819:
FANY (SOE) memorial, Brookwood Military Cemetery, 5 July 2017
506:
437:
281:, an underground organisation which Dufour was involved in.
2050:
1970:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1717:
1690:
1604:
1577:
1471:
1406:
1391:
1284:
1260:
1157:
1155:
658:
551:, was providing information to the Germans about Prosper.
2446:
Comprehensive coverage of the German occupation of France.
2379:
A Quiet Courage: The story of SOE's women agents in France
1958:
1616:
1562:
1552:
1550:
1206:
1167:
243:
on the Mediterranean coast where they had family friends.
1895:
1874:
1741:
1678:
1227:
359:
335:
305:
263:
When World War II broke out Borrel went to work with the
3747:
Recipients of the Queen's Commendation for Brave Conduct
1864:
1862:
1784:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1707:
1705:
1523:
1152:
1595:
1547:
1535:
1488:
1486:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1362:
1325:
1323:
1296:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1128:
574:
531:
The Prosper network grew rapidly, and, in the words of
1919:
1907:
1666:
1182:
862:
department of France. She is also commemorated on the
231:
Andrée Borrel was born into a working-class family in
1859:
1847:
1765:
1753:
1729:
1702:
1628:
3712:
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)
2226:
Mission France: The True History of the Women of SOE
1835:
1483:
1459:
1374:
1335:
1320:
1239:
373:
Since arriving in London, she attempted to join the
1931:
1507:
Prospect: Major Suttill's French Resistance Network
653:
338:security clearance centre. Their report concluded:
3722:French people executed in Nazi concentration camps
3586:Sons and Daughters of Jewish Deportees from France
2579:10 Amazing Female Spies Who Brought Down The Nazis
2452:
646:) had denounced her for listening to the BBC, and
1589:
1116:
505:Contrary to Suttill's opinion, Borrel's frequent
3673:
2372:Comprehensive coverage of the French Resistance.
2381:. Sparkford, UK: Patrick Stevens Ltd (Haynes).
2357:French Resistance Fighter: France's Secret Army
250:
1943:
1347:
1095:Military history of France during World War II
719:, a Belgian army physician who had headed the
449:
3732:French Special Operations Executive personnel
2605:
2302:Substantive history of the French Resistance.
2130:Churchill's Ministry of Ungentlemanly Warfare
908:Movie based on the book by R.J. Minney about
175:(18 November 1919 – 6 July 1944), code named
2175:
2153:
1976:
1964:
1723:
1696:
1610:
1583:
1571:
1477:
1412:
1400:
1354:SOE. "Commandant's Report" (21 June 1942) .
1314:
1290:
1278:
1266:
1233:
1221:
1200:
1176:
1146:
3580:Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Déportation
2890:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation
2619:
2431:Occupation: The Ordeal of France, 1940–1944
2612:
2598:
2553:Wanborough Manor: School for secret agents
2401:The Special Operations Executive 1940–1946
1988:
183:and as an agent for Britain's clandestine
31:
3737:Female resistance members of World War II
892:
403:
1429:. New York: Broadway Books. p. 24.
1090:British military history of World War II
838:Posthumously, France awarded Borrel the
814:
806:
778:
682:
670:
657:
558:
407:
319:
254:
3618:List of Holocaust memorials and museums
2900:Timeline of deportations to death camps
2285:Aubrac, Raymond; Aubrac, Lucie (2014).
1672:
1529:
1504:
1498:
738:, but was in fact a 10 cc dose of
667:Monument to the Departed in background.
521:
484:, and newly-arrived wireless operator,
3674:
3599:Mémorial des Martyrs de la Déportation
3105:Vichy Holocaust collaboration timeline
2433:. New York City: Cooper Square Press.
2223:
2197:
2127:
2101:
1991:"Memorial to female WW2 secret agents"
1901:
1880:
1868:
1853:
1841:
1829:
1795:
1778:
1759:
1747:
1735:
1711:
1684:
1634:
1556:
1492:
1465:
1385:
1368:
1341:
1329:
1302:
1254:
1188:
1161:
1134:
1039:. The film includes an interview with
687:The crematorium at Natzweiler-Struthof
677:Natzweiler-Struthof Concentration Camp
526:
360:Special Operations Executive (1942–44)
3727:People executed by Germany by burning
2593:
2245:Overview of the 39 female SOE agents.
870:in the county of Bedfordshire in the
848:King's Commendation for Brave Conduct
802:
315:
179:was a French woman who served in the
3180:Police collaboration in Vichy France
2507:Thomas, Gordon; Lewis, Greg (2016).
2249:
2075:
1937:
1925:
1913:
1646:
1640:
1622:
1541:
1424:
1418:
1122:
962:Nancy Wake Codename: The White Mouse
547:luxuries. Moreover, a double agent,
300:), an escape network established by
3606:Mémorial national de la déportation
2511:. Stroud, UK: Amberley Publishing.
2158:. Stroud, UK: Amberley Publishing.
1353:
592:
13:
2277:
386:while officially an ensign in the
16:French espionage agent (1919-1944)
14:
3773:
3762:First Aid Nursing Yeomanry people
2571:
2359:. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing.
2311:. Barnsley, UK: Frontline Books.
2307:Bourne-Patterson, Robert (2016).
573:, the intelligence agency of the
456:Timeline of SOE's Prosper Network
423:("Odile") leave England in a RAF
325:Royal Victoria Patriotic Building
654:Execution at Natzweiler-Struthof
37:Borrel in 1942 after joining SOE
3451:Marie-Claude Vaillant-Couturier
2068:
2039:
2030:
2009:
1982:
1950:Major-General C.Me V. Gubbins.
1886:
1814:
1811:New York: Doubleday, p. 260-261
1801:
1443:
881:In 1985, SOE agent and painter
640:Justizvollzugsanstalt Karlsruhe
554:
364:
2420:Overview of SOE (Foot won the
1989:Ben Farmer (3 December 2013).
1100:Resistance during World War II
351:Borrel had wanted to join the
259:German troops in Paris (1940).
1:
3661:Vichy anti-Jewish legislation
3651:History of the Jews in France
2895:Vichy anti-Jewish legislation
1456:), Le Plan Sussex 1944, p. 62
1105:
581:in Paris and headed by Major
226:
3742:French women in World War II
3039:Jeunesse Populaire Française
3003:Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel
2329:Buckmaster, Maurice (2014).
1505:Suttill, Francis J. (2018).
1110:
251:War work in Europe (1939–42)
185:Special Operations Executive
127:while actually an SOE agent)
106:Special Operations Executive
7:
3145:Louis Darquier de Pellepoix
3085:Louis Darquier de Pellepoix
2481:Suttill, Francs J. (2014).
2451:Stevenson, William (2006).
2271:Overview of SOE activities.
2149:A thorough overview of SOE.
1083:
1023:Movie based on the book by
450:Physician (Prosper) circuit
413:Armstrong Whitworth Whitley
10:
3778:
2176:O'Conner, Bernard (2016).
2154:O'Conner, Bernard (2014).
2017:"Tempsford Memorial Trust"
1043:, head of SOE's F-Section.
453:
388:First Aid Nursing Yeomanry
123:Lieutenant (nominally for
3697:French Resistance members
3626:
3569:
3464:
3394:
3341:
3188:
3125:
3055:
3016:
2908:
2880:
2797:
2744:
2627:
2555:. Hopfield Publications.
2551:Yarnold, Patrick (2009).
2533:. Manchester, UK: Crécy.
2289:. France: Hazan Editeur.
900:Carve Her Name with Pride
844:Médaille de la Résistance
436:, not far from the river
161:Médaille de la Résistance
152:
142:
131:
119:
111:
95:
87:
70:
50:
42:
30:
23:
3033:Parti Populaire Français
2583:Spartacus Educational -
2228:. New Haven and London:
2180:. UK: Bernard O'Conner.
2047:"Churchill's Spy School"
1832:, pp. 109–10, 118..
1663:First published in 1966.
3165:Charles du Paty de Clam
3065:Anti-Jewish legislation
2774:French Riviera roundups
2621:The Holocaust in France
721:Pat O'Leary escape line
464:" circuit to be led by
3636:Antisemitism in France
3556:André and Magda Trocmé
3361:Antoinette Feuerwerker
3140:Louis-Ferdinand Céline
2377:Escott, Beryl (1992).
2355:Crowdy, Terry (2007).
2256:Hodder & Stoughton
2128:Milton, Giles (2016).
1625:, pp. 115–125313.
1056:French documentary on
1049:Robert and the Shadows
926:Churchill's Spy School
893:Related cultural works
836:
820:
812:
784:
777:
688:
680:
668:
632:
566:
503:
447:
416:
404:Parachuted into France
397:
380:
349:
332:Royal Patriotic School
327:
260:
173:Andrée Raymonde Borrel
3486:Le Chambon-sur-Lignon
3027:Devisenschutzkommando
2529:Verity, Hugh (2000).
2399:Foot, M.R.D. (1999).
2287:The French Resistance
2230:Yale University Press
2224:Vigurs, Kate (2021).
2198:Stroud, Rick (2017).
2102:Kramer, Rita (1995).
1807:Helm, Sarah, (2005),
1647:Foot, M.R.D. (1976).
1062:George Reginald Starr
940:Les Femmes de l'Ombre
852:Valençay SOE Memorial
825:
818:
810:
782:
748:
686:
674:
661:
627:
562:
498:
442:
411:
392:
371:
340:
323:
258:
112:Years of service
3717:Female wartime spies
3692:People from Yvelines
3592:Mémorial de la Shoah
3546:Jules-Géraud Saliège
3506:Pierre-Marie Gerlier
3491:Château de Chabannes
3228:Messaoud El Mediouni
3111:Révolution nationale
2429:Ousby, Ian (2000) .
2250:West, Nigel (1992).
2204:Simon & Schuster
2076:Helm, Sarah (2005).
1425:Rose, Sarah (2020).
522:Arrest and execution
223:concentration camp.
3757:Red Cross personnel
3613:Rivesaltes Memorial
2968:Hans-Dietrich Ernst
2857:Royallieu-Compiègne
2827:Natzweiler-Struthof
2335:Biteback Publishing
2104:Flames in the Field
1904:, pp. 116–117.
1883:, pp. 115–116.
1750:, pp. 106–107.
1687:, pp. 103–104.
1544:, pp. 82, 138.
1317:, pp. 166–167.
1281:, pp. 165–166.
1203:, pp. 162–163.
1164:, pp. 181–206.
1149:, pp. 162–195.
887:Special Forces Club
811:SOE Agents Memorial
694:Natzweiler-Struthof
663:Natzweiler-Struthof
648:Jehovah's Witnesses
615:Madeleine Damerment
527:Problems of success
468:(officially named "
343:her release to the
292:coast just outside
221:Natzweiler-Struthof
81:Natzweiler-Struthof
3551:Pierre-Marie Théas
3008:Carltheo Zeitschel
2978:Ernst Heinrichsohn
2156:Churchill's Angels
1997:on 4 December 2013
1928:, pp. 272–73.
1916:, pp. 271–72.
1809:A Life in Secrets,
1798:, pp. 108–09.
1137:, pp. 85–104.
1058:France Télévisions
1041:Maurice Buckmaster
983:Now It Can Be Told
876:Brookwood Memorial
866:in the village of
864:Tempsford Memorial
821:
813:
803:Awards and honours
797:Fritz Hartjenstein
785:
689:
681:
669:
567:
417:
353:Free French Forces
328:
316:Arrival in England
261:
233:Bécon-les-Bruyères
64:Bécon-les-Bruyères
3669:
3668:
3526:Père Marie-Benoît
3366:David Feuerwerker
3323:Charlotte Salomon
3298:Sonia Olschanezky
3253:Maurice Halbwachs
3135:Robert Brasillach
3019:and organizations
2963:Theodor Dannecker
2807:Beaune-la-Rolande
2496:978-0-7509-5591-1
2487:The History Press
2470:978-1-5597-0763-3
2461:Arcade Publishing
2459:. New York City:
2388:978-1-8526-0289-5
2366:978-1-84603-076-5
2318:978-1-4738-8203-4
2239:978-0-300-20857-3
2202:. New York City:
2165:978-1-4456-3431-9
2143:978-1-444-79898-2
2117:978-1-4538-3427-5
2091:978-1-4000-3140-5
2080:. New York City:
1559:, pp. 97–98.
1532:, pp. 50–51.
1371:, pp. 88–89.
1305:, pp. 87–88.
1191:, pp. 85–86.
1001:Jacqueline Nearne
988:School for Danger
791:The camp doctor,
603:Sonia Olschanezky
571:Sicherheitsdienst
181:French Resistance
170:
169:
102:French Resistance
3769:
3646:Battle of France
3632:
3572:
3541:Germaine Ribière
3399:
3356:Jean Elleinstein
3344:
3308:Béatrice Reinach
3293:Casimir Oberfeld
3288:Irène Némirovsky
3238:Benjamin Fondane
3191:
2911:
2883:
2759:Clermont-Ferrand
2614:
2607:
2600:
2591:
2590:
2566:
2544:
2522:
2518:978-1445-6614-45
2500:
2474:
2458:
2444:
2418:
2392:
2370:
2348:
2344:978-1849-5469-28
2322:
2300:
2269:
2243:
2217:
2213:978-14711-5565-9
2191:
2187:978-1326-70328-8
2169:
2147:
2121:
2095:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1993:. Archived from
1986:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1820:Helm, p. 260-263
1818:
1812:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1782:
1776:
1763:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1739:
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1721:
1715:
1709:
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1601:
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1457:
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1404:
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1389:
1383:
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1345:
1339:
1333:
1327:
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1312:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1165:
1159:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1120:
918:Virginia McKenna
883:Brian Stonehouse
593:Moved to Germany
488:, received near
474:Germaine Tambour
415:in flight c1940.
147:Second World War
97:
77:
61:18 November 1919
60:
58:
35:
21:
20:
3777:
3776:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3766:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3656:Occupied France
3630:
3622:
3565:
3531:René de Naurois
3467:
3466:Righteous Among
3460:
3431:Denise Holstein
3397:
3390:
3337:
3328:Sascha Schapiro
3243:Otto Freundlich
3233:Jacques Feldbau
3184:
3121:
3095:Philippe Pétain
3075:François Darlan
3051:
3018:
3017:Nazi occupation
3012:
2923:Ernst Achenbach
2904:
2876:
2793:
2740:
2623:
2618:
2574:
2569:
2563:
2550:
2541:
2528:
2519:
2506:
2497:
2480:
2471:
2450:
2441:
2428:
2422:Croix de Guerre
2415:
2398:
2389:
2376:
2367:
2354:
2345:
2328:
2319:
2306:
2297:
2284:
2280:
2278:Further reading
2275:
2266:
2240:
2214:
2188:
2166:
2144:
2118:
2092:
2071:
2066:
2056:
2054:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2031:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2000:
1998:
1987:
1983:
1975:
1971:
1963:
1959:
1948:
1944:
1936:
1932:
1924:
1920:
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1766:
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1609:
1605:
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1528:
1524:
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1503:
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1464:
1460:
1448:
1444:
1437:
1423:
1419:
1411:
1407:
1399:
1392:
1384:
1375:
1367:
1363:
1352:
1348:
1340:
1336:
1328:
1321:
1313:
1309:
1301:
1297:
1289:
1285:
1277:
1273:
1265:
1261:
1253:
1240:
1232:
1228:
1220:
1207:
1199:
1195:
1187:
1183:
1175:
1168:
1160:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1133:
1129:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1086:
1025:Jerrard Tickell
895:
872:East of England
854:in the town of
840:Croix de Guerre
805:
717:Albert Guérisse
675:View of former
666:
656:
611:Yolande Beekman
595:
557:
549:Henri Déricourt
529:
524:
482:Yvonne Rudellat
466:Francis Suttill
458:
452:
421:Lise de Baissac
406:
367:
362:
318:
302:Albert Guérisse
253:
229:
213:occupied France
163:
159:
157:Croix de Guerre
115:1942–1944 (SOE)
104:
91:France, Britain
79:
75:
62:
56:
54:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3775:
3765:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3702:Executed spies
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3602:
3595:
3588:
3583:
3575:
3573:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3472:
3470:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3426:Nadine Heftler
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3402:
3400:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3347:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3278:Hélène Metzger
3275:
3273:Georges Mandel
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3194:
3192:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3131:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3080:Joseph Darnand
3077:
3072:
3067:
3061:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3030:
3022:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2983:Helmut Knochen
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2948:Karl Bömelburg
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2914:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2892:
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2878:
2877:
2875:
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2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
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2824:
2819:
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2809:
2803:
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2795:
2794:
2792:
2791:
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2781:
2776:
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2766:
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2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
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2678:
2673:
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2658:
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2648:
2643:
2638:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2617:
2616:
2609:
2602:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2581:
2573:
2572:External links
2570:
2568:
2567:
2562:978-0956348906
2561:
2548:
2539:
2526:
2517:
2504:
2495:
2485:. Stroud, UK:
2478:
2469:
2448:
2440:978-0815410430
2439:
2426:
2413:
2403:. London, UK:
2396:
2387:
2374:
2365:
2352:
2343:
2326:
2317:
2304:
2296:978-2850255670
2295:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2264:
2254:. London, UK:
2247:
2238:
2221:
2212:
2195:
2186:
2173:
2164:
2151:
2142:
2132:. London, UK:
2125:
2116:
2108:Michael Joseph
2106:. London, UK:
2099:
2090:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2038:
2029:
2008:
1981:
1979:, p. 195.
1969:
1957:
1942:
1940:, p. 283.
1930:
1918:
1906:
1894:
1885:
1873:
1871:, p. 115.
1858:
1856:, p. 109.
1846:
1834:
1822:
1813:
1800:
1783:
1781:, p. 108.
1764:
1762:, p. 107.
1752:
1740:
1738:, p. 105.
1728:
1726:, p. 185.
1716:
1714:, p. 104.
1701:
1699:, p. 181.
1689:
1677:
1675:, p. 325.
1665:
1657:
1639:
1637:, p. 103.
1627:
1615:
1613:, p. 179.
1603:
1588:
1586:, p. 178.
1576:
1574:, pp. 63.
1561:
1546:
1534:
1522:
1515:
1497:
1482:
1480:, p. 172.
1470:
1458:
1442:
1435:
1417:
1415:, p. 171.
1405:
1403:, p. 171.
1390:
1373:
1361:
1346:
1334:
1319:
1307:
1295:
1293:, p. 166.
1283:
1271:
1269:, p. 165.
1259:
1238:
1226:
1224:, p. 163.
1205:
1193:
1181:
1179:, p. 162.
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1103:
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957:
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921:
910:Violette Szabo
905:
904:
894:
891:
804:
801:
665:camp entrance.
655:
652:
619:Eliane Plewman
594:
591:
587:Fresnes Prison
579:84 Avenue Foch
564:Fresnes Prison
556:
553:
541:Jack Agazarian
528:
525:
523:
520:
516:Gilbert Norman
486:Gilbert Norman
451:
448:
405:
402:
366:
363:
361:
358:
317:
314:
304:(supported by
252:
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92:
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84:
78:(aged 24)
72:
68:
67:
52:
48:
47:
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40:
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36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3568:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3536:Paul Ramadier
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3511:Justin Godart
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3496:Jacques Ellul
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3476:Albert Bedane
3474:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3463:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3446:André Rogerie
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3421:Henry Bulawko
3419:
3417:
3416:Henri Borlant
3414:
3412:
3411:Joseph Bialot
3409:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3393:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3351:Guy Deutscher
3349:
3348:
3346:
3340:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3313:Claude Rodier
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3283:Bernard Natan
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3268:Bereck Kofman
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3248:Salomon Gluck
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3223:Marianne Cohn
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3198:Henri Abraham
3196:
3195:
3193:
3187:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3175:Xavier Vallat
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3160:Maurice Papon
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3127:Collaborators
3124:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3070:René Bousquet
3068:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3048:
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3041:
3040:
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3029:
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3024:
3023:
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3015:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2973:Herbert Hagen
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2958:Alois Brunner
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
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2915:
2913:
2907:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2882:Documentation
2879:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
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2800:
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2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2632:The Holocaust
2630:
2629:
2626:
2622:
2615:
2610:
2608:
2603:
2601:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2586:
2585:Andrée Borrel
2582:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2564:
2558:
2554:
2549:
2547:
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2503:
2498:
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2457:
2456:
2449:
2447:
2442:
2436:
2432:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2416:
2414:0-7126-6585-4
2410:
2406:
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2373:
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2327:
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2314:
2310:
2305:
2303:
2298:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2282:
2272:
2267:
2265:0-34-051870-7
2261:
2257:
2253:
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2235:
2231:
2227:
2222:
2220:
2215:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2194:
2189:
2183:
2179:
2174:
2172:
2167:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2150:
2145:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2124:
2119:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2098:
2093:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2073:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2033:
2018:
2012:
1996:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1977:O'Conner 2016
1973:
1967:, p. 65.
1966:
1965:O'Conner 2014
1961:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1934:
1927:
1922:
1915:
1910:
1903:
1898:
1889:
1882:
1877:
1870:
1865:
1863:
1855:
1850:
1844:, p. 56.
1843:
1838:
1831:
1826:
1817:
1810:
1804:
1797:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1780:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1761:
1756:
1749:
1744:
1737:
1732:
1725:
1724:O'Conner 2016
1720:
1713:
1708:
1706:
1698:
1697:O'Conner 2016
1693:
1686:
1681:
1674:
1669:
1660:
1654:
1650:
1649:SOE in France
1643:
1636:
1631:
1624:
1619:
1612:
1611:O'Conner 2016
1607:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1584:O'Conner 2016
1580:
1573:
1572:O'Conner 2014
1568:
1566:
1558:
1553:
1551:
1543:
1538:
1531:
1526:
1518:
1516:9780750989374
1512:
1508:
1501:
1495:, p. 92.
1494:
1489:
1487:
1479:
1478:O'Conner 2016
1474:
1468:, p. 80.
1467:
1462:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1438:
1436:9780451495105
1432:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1413:O'Conner 2014
1409:
1402:
1401:O'Conner 2016
1397:
1395:
1388:, p. 90.
1387:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1370:
1365:
1357:
1350:
1344:, p. 75.
1343:
1338:
1332:, p. 88.
1331:
1326:
1324:
1316:
1315:O'Conner 2016
1311:
1304:
1299:
1292:
1291:O'Conner 2016
1287:
1280:
1279:O'Conner 2016
1275:
1268:
1267:O'Conner 2016
1263:
1257:, p. 86.
1256:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1236:, p. 61.
1235:
1234:O'Conner 2014
1230:
1223:
1222:O'Conner 2016
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1202:
1201:O'Conner 2016
1197:
1190:
1185:
1178:
1177:O'Conner 2016
1173:
1171:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1148:
1147:O'Conner 2016
1143:
1136:
1131:
1125:, p. 12.
1124:
1119:
1115:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1037:Trevor Howard
1034:
1030:
1029:Odette Sansom
1026:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1002:
998:
994:
993:
989:
985:
984:
980:
979:
975:
971:
968:
967:
963:
960:
959:
955:
951:
950:
946:
945:Female Agents
942:
941:
937:
936:
932:
931:
927:
924:
923:
919:
915:
914:Paul Scofield
911:
907:
906:
902:
901:
897:
896:
890:
888:
884:
879:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
835:
832:
829:
824:
817:
809:
800:
798:
794:
789:
781:
776:
772:
769:
767:
763:
758:
755:
752:
747:
743:
741:
737:
732:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
708:
703:
698:
695:
685:
678:
673:
664:
660:
651:
649:
645:
641:
637:
631:
626:
624:
623:Odette Sansom
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
590:
588:
584:
583:Josef Kieffer
580:
576:
572:
565:
561:
552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
537:Carte network
534:
519:
517:
511:
508:
502:
497:
493:
491:
487:
483:
479:
478:Carte network
475:
471:
467:
463:
457:
446:
441:
439:
435:
431:
430:RAF Tempsford
426:
422:
414:
410:
401:
396:
391:
389:
385:
379:
376:
375:Corps Féminin
370:
357:
354:
348:
346:
339:
337:
333:
326:
322:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
290:Mediterranean
287:
282:
280:
276:
271:
266:
257:
248:
244:
242:
236:
234:
224:
222:
218:
214:
210:
204:
202:
198:
195:, especially
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
166:
162:
158:
155:
151:
148:
145:
141:
137:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
107:
103:
100:
94:
90:
86:
82:
73:
69:
65:
53:
49:
45:
41:
34:
29:
25:Andrée Borrel
22:
19:
3604:
3597:
3590:
3578:
3516:Père Jacques
3481:Marc Boegner
3441:Sarah Kofman
3406:Louise Alcan
3386:Rose Warfman
3303:Victor Perez
3258:Paul Hermann
3203:Victor Basch
3170:Paul Touvier
3117:Vichy Police
3109:
3100:André Tulard
3090:Pierre Laval
3057:Vichy France
3044:
3037:
3025:
2993:Kurt Lischka
2988:Josef Kramer
2953:Heinz Röthke
2933:Klaus Barbie
2928:Horst Ahnert
2910:Perpetrators
2789:Villeurbanne
2754:Green ticket
2634:by country:
2577:Listverse -
2552:
2545:
2540:0947554-75-0
2530:
2523:
2508:
2501:
2482:
2475:
2454:
2445:
2430:
2423:
2419:
2400:
2393:
2378:
2371:
2356:
2349:
2330:
2323:
2308:
2301:
2286:
2270:
2251:
2244:
2225:
2218:
2199:
2192:
2177:
2170:
2155:
2148:
2129:
2122:
2103:
2096:
2082:Anchor Books
2077:
2069:Bibliography
2055:. Retrieved
2041:
2032:
2020:. Retrieved
2011:
1999:. Retrieved
1995:the original
1984:
1972:
1960:
1945:
1933:
1921:
1909:
1897:
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545:black market
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189:World War II
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143:Battles/wars
76:(1944-07-06)
18:
3687:1944 deaths
3682:1919 births
3641:Armée Juive
3521:Henri Manen
3468:the Nations
3456:Léon Zyguel
3381:Simone Veil
3376:Léon Schwab
3371:David Olère
3333:David Vogel
3218:Kadmi Cohen
3208:Hélène Berr
3150:René Gérard
2943:Kurt Blanke
2938:Werner Best
2852:Romainville
2706:Netherlands
2134:John Murray
2057:8 September
1902:Kramer 1995
1881:Kramer 1995
1869:Kramer 1995
1854:Kramer 1995
1842:Kramer 1995
1830:Kramer 1995
1796:Kramer 1995
1779:Kramer 1995
1760:Kramer 1995
1748:Kramer 1995
1736:Kramer 1995
1712:Kramer 1995
1685:Kramer 1995
1635:Kramer 1995
1557:Kramer 1995
1493:Kramer 1995
1466:Vigurs 2021
1427:D-Day Girls
1386:Kramer 1995
1369:Kramer 1995
1342:Stroud 2017
1330:Kramer 1995
1303:Kramer 1995
1255:Kramer 1995
1189:Kramer 1995
1162:Kramer 1995
1135:Kramer 1995
1033:Anna Neagle
1031:, starring
912:, starring
889:in London.
766:Pour typhus
533:M.R.D. Foot
286:Canet-plage
211:network in
193:Axis powers
74:6 July 1944
43:Nickname(s)
3676:Categories
3561:Varian Fry
3501:Mary Elmes
3436:René Kapel
2998:Carl Oberg
2918:Otto Abetz
2862:Rivesaltes
2837:Pithiviers
2784:Vel' d'Hiv
2701:Luxembourg
1658:0116301929
1106:References
974:Nancy Wake
956:invasions.
709:) hand."
599:Vera Leigh
454:See also:
227:Early life
88:Allegiance
57:1919-11-18
3571:Memorials
3398:testimony
3343:Survivors
3318:Alma Rosé
3263:Max Jacob
3213:René Blum
3155:Jean Mamy
2867:Septfonds
2842:Récébédou
2769:Marseille
2696:Lithuania
2022:28 August
2001:28 August
1938:Helm 2005
1926:Helm 2005
1914:Helm 2005
1623:Foot 1976
1542:Rose 2020
1123:Helm 2005
1111:Citations
997:Harry Rée
970:Docudrama
868:Tempsford
858:, in the
729:Zellenbau
725:Marseille
636:Karlsruhe
577:based at
490:Étrépagny
470:Physician
384:F Section
294:Perpignan
288:, on the
275:Beaucaire
265:Red Cross
3631:See also
2847:Rieucros
2831:subcamps
2746:Roundups
2656:Bulgaria
1084:See also
990:) (1946)
947:) (2008)
856:Valençay
842:and the
762:Pourquoi
310:Portugal
298:Pyrénées
279:Pat Line
96:Service/
83:, France
66:, France
3608:
3396:Witness
3190:Victims
2736:Ukraine
2721:Romania
2676:Hungary
2666:Estonia
2661:Croatia
2651:Belgium
2646:Belarus
2641:Austria
2636:Albania
2405:Pimlico
1006:Ringway
476:of the
462:Prosper
425:Whitley
217:Gestapo
209:Prosper
201:England
177:Denise,
136:Prosper
3046:Milice
2872:Vernet
2822:Milles
2812:Drancy
2731:Serbia
2726:Russia
2716:Poland
2711:Norway
2686:Latvia
2671:France
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1027:about
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1015:Odette
972:about
964:(1987)
928:(2010)
903:(1958)
740:phenol
736:typhus
334:, the
241:Toulon
153:Awards
98:branch
2799:Camps
2764:Izieu
2691:Libya
2681:Italy
986:(aka
954:D-Day
943:(aka
860:Indre
775:oven.
507:poker
438:Loire
270:Nîmes
138:(SOE)
2817:Gurs
2779:Lyon
2557:ISBN
2535:ISBN
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2491:ISBN
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2409:ISBN
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2059:2017
2051:IMDb
2024:2017
2003:2017
1653:ISBN
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1431:ISBN
1035:and
999:and
916:and
621:and
605:and
518:)."
165:KCBC
132:Unit
125:FANY
120:Rank
71:Died
51:Born
723:in
707:sic
434:Mer
345:FFF
336:MI5
306:MI9
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