3676:. There are no well-preserved remains of ankylosaurs of that age. An incomplete radius and ulna from the Isle of Skye in Scotland are known, the exact affiliation of which to ankylosaurs or stegosaurs is not established. Most likely, ankylosaurs followed a different evolutionary path than stegosaurs, although it is unknown when and how they split off. In the latter, the osteoderms become raised, and the lateral protection disappears. Ankylosaurs evolved towards the development of osteoderms on the surface of the skull, increased armor and further consolidation of the carapace, which suggests that the ancestor of the carapace consisted of separate non-fused osteoderms.
6512:
3685:
5172:
5179:
5192:
702:, Madzia and colleagues considered a redefinition of Ankylosauria to be undesirable, instead preferring to abandon Ankylosauromorpha as a same-definition junior synonym of Ankylosauria. The informal clade Euankylosauria, suggested by Norman as an alternative to redefining Ankylosauria, was discussed as potentially being useful in future for the typical group of nodosaurids and ankylosaurids, and was defined in 2021 by Soto-Acuña and colleagues as such as the result of their novel phylogenetic results, which grouped
5199:
6507:
5185:
183:
111:
6535:
3712:
spaces between large plates. In all three groups, the first two rows of plates tend to form a sort of half-ring around the neck; in nodosaurids, this comes from adjacent plates fusing with each other (and there is a third row as well), while ankylosaurids usually have the plates fused to the top of another band of bone. The skull has armor plastered on to it, including a distinctive piece on the outside-rear of the lower jaw.
3658:
the
Eurypoda clade. They are united by the presence of osteoderms in the skin, the narrow triangular skull of stegosaurs is similar to that of nodosaurids, and some similarity is found in the structure of the palate. Since stegosaurs are known from the Middle Jurassic, ankylosaurs are probably of the same age. They may have split up during the Aalenian period, more than 170 million years ago, but they were definitely in
3724:. The large hyoid bones left in skeletons indicates that they had long, flexible tongues. They also had a large, side secondary palate. This means that they could breathe while chewing, unlike crocodiles. Their expanded gut region suggests the use of fermentation to digest their food, using symbiotic bacteria and gut flora. Their diet likely consisted of
544:
The name of this group of dinosaurs is associated with a number of anatomical features in which small and large bony shields fused together, completely covering their back and sides. On the skull these shields fused with the underlying bones, and the dorsal ribs fit snugly to the vertebrae. The Latin
3794:
Soto-Acuña, Sergio; Vargas, Alexander; Kaluza, Jonatan; Leppe, Marcelo; Botelho, Joao; Palma-Liberona, JosĂ©; Gutstein, Carolina; FernĂĄndez, Roy; Ortiz, Hector; Milla, VerĂłnica; Aravena, BĂĄrbara; ManrĂquez, Leslie M. E.; AlarcĂłn-Muñoz, Jhonatan; Pino, Juan Pablo; Trevisan, Cristine; Mansilla, HĂ©ctor;
3711:
All ankylosaurians had armor over much of their bodies, mostly scutes and nodules, with large spines in some cases. The scutes, or plates, are rectangular to oval objects organized in transverse (side to side) rows, often with keels on the upper surface. Smaller nodules and plates filled in the open
3657:
The origin of ankylosaurs is poorly understood, and only a few specimens from the Middle
Jurassic are known. The ancestry of ankylosaurs has long been sought among stegosaurs, the closest group to ankylosaurs compared to other dinosaurs. Currently, ankylosaurs are a close group of stegosaurs within
4215:
Tanke, D.H. and Brett-Surman, M.K. 2001. Evidence of
Hatchling and Nestling-Size Hadrosaurs (Reptilia:Ornithischia) from Dinosaur Provincial Park (Dinosaur Park Formation: Campanian), Alberta, Canada. pp. 206-218. In: Mesozoic Vertebrate LifeâNew Research Inspired by the Paleontology of Philip J.
4084:
Norman, D. B., Witmer, L. M. and
Weishampel, D. B. 2004. Basal Thyreophora. PŃ. 335â342. In D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmolska (eds.), The Dinosauria. Berkeley: University of California Press.
4117:
Maidment, Susannah C. R.; Strachan, Sarah J.; Ouarhache, Driss; Scheyer, Torsten M.; Brown, Emily E.; Fernandez, Vincent; Johanson, Zerina; Raven, Thomas J.; Barrett, Paul M. (2021-09-23).
4033:
Raven, T. J.; Barrett, P. M.; Joyce, C. B.; Maidment, S. C. R. (2023). "The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Thyreophora)".
560:
as a group of representatives with a "rigid spine", but noted the wide, curved shape of the ribs, suggesting a "strongly curved" back (an error based on the alleged similarity to
4075:
Arbour, V. M., Currie, P. J. 2016. Systematics, phylogeny and palaeobiogeography of the ankylosaurid dinosaurs. Journal of
Systematic Palaeontology 14 (5): 385â444.
1351:
A 2023 review of
Thyreophora rejects the traditional Ankylosauridae-Nodosauridae split, instead finding "nodosaurids" to be referrable to three separate families:
5425:
4179:
Clark, N.D.L. 2001. A thyreophoran dinosaur from the early
Bajocian (Middle Jurassic) of the Isle of Skye, Scotland. Scottish Journal of Geology, 37: 19â26.
3720:
Ankylosaurs were built low to the ground, typically one foot off the ground surface. They had small, triangular teeth that were loosely packed, similar to
3952:
Brown, B. 1908. The
Ankylosauridae, a new family of armored dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous. American Museum of Natural History Bulletin 24: 187â201.
3740:
during the Late
Cretaceous. It was concluded that ankylosaurs were generally restricted to feeding on vegetation at, or below, the height of 1 meter.
568:, as ankylosaurs have flat backs). Therefore, "rigid lizard" and "curved lizard" could be additional meanings applied to the name of ankylosaurs.
545:
name
Ankylosauria is derived from the Greek áŒÎłÎșÏÎ»ÎżÏ â "curved", "bent" with the anatomical meaning "hard" or "fused" and ÏαῊÏÎżÏ â "lizard".
6658:
4206:
T.A. Tumanova, 1987, "Pantsirnyye dinozavry Mongolii", Trudy Sovmestnaya Sovetsko-Mongol'skaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsiya 32: 1-80.
4093:
T.A. Tumanova, 1987, "Pantsirnyye dinozavry Mongolii", Trudy Sovmestnaya Sovetsko-Mongol'skaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsiya 32: 1-80.
640:. Phylogenetic and morphological studies have differed on the inclusion of certain early taxa into Ankylosauria, especially the armoured
4228:"Feeding height stratification among the herbivorous dinosaurs from the Dinosaur Park Formation (upper Campanian) of Alberta, Canada"
6663:
5466:
4382:
6511:
6648:
4403:
3937:
5487:
4287:"What Sounds Did Dinosaurs Make? - A new study of a fossilized ankylosaur suggests it could have uttered birdlike calls"
6653:
4188:
Coombs, W. P. 1978. The families of the ornithischian dinosaur order Ankylosauria. Journal of Paleontology 21: 143â170.
5171:
3986:
5191:
4103:
6528:
3771:
698:. However, as historically even these primitive forms were considered ankylosaurs if they were more derived than
5178:
4006:(Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: biology and phylogenetic relationships".
5198:
3008:
2025:
2001:
528:
system, the group is usually considered either a suborder or an infraorder. It is contained within the group
6506:
5184:
4286:
5142:
182:
5459:
4375:
1688:
4216:
Currie. Edited by D.H. Tanke and K. Carpenter. Indiana University Press: Bloomington. xviii + 577 pp.
2049:
622:
5557:
4470:
4197:
Maryanska, T. 1977. Ankylosauridae (Dinosauria) from Mongolia. Palaeontologia Polonica, 37: 85â151.
525:
6620:
3975:
Carpenter, K. (2001). "Phylogenetic Analysis of the Ankylosauria". In Carpenter, Kenneth (ed.).
682:, Carpenter and later Norman suggested redefining Ankylosauria to limit it to the two subclades
6593:
6555:
4566:
4319:
521:
296:
3859:
Madzia, D.; Arbour, V.M.; Boyd, C.A.; Farke, A.A.; Cruzado-Caballero, P.; Evans, D.C. (2021).
3748:
In February 2023, scientists reported that the possible sounds ankylosaurs may have made were
632:, the type species of both genera, a definition that was followed by Madzia and colleagues in
6615:
5584:
5452:
4819:
4368:
3758:
3700:
3032:
2309:
6643:
6602:
6538:
5087:
4842:
4239:
4130:
4042:
3808:
2243:
651:
633:
617:
597:
456:
329:
300:
4315:"An ankylosaur larynx provides insights for bird-like vocalization in non-avian dinosaurs"
8:
5944:
5841:
5119:
4687:
3684:
628:
156:
4243:
4134:
4046:
3812:
5680:
5404:
5131:
4341:
4314:
4291:
4262:
4227:
4162:
4058:
3887:
3860:
3832:
716:
442:
177:
3796:
6437:
5701:
5372:
4717:
4346:
4267:
4166:
4154:
4146:
4118:
4062:
3982:
3892:
3836:
3824:
3749:
2925:
1405:
593:
498:
390:
3961:
Carpenter, K., 1997, "Ankylosauria" pp. 16-20 in: P.J. Currie and K. Padian (eds.),
5902:
5849:
5687:
4951:
4336:
4328:
4257:
4247:
4138:
4050:
4015:
3882:
3872:
3816:
3168:
1906:
1360:
482:
4054:
6367:
6331:
6271:
6237:
6230:
6123:
6064:
5936:
5833:
5749:
5709:
5542:
5394:
5099:
4967:
4455:
4430:
4225:
4019:
3976:
3941:
3736:. Mallon et al. (2013) examined herbivore coexistence on the island continent of
3233:
3216:
2750:
2569:
2157:
1816:
1664:
1477:
1352:
1192:
957:
940:
796:
727:
655:
589:
510:
494:
398:
315:
138:
132:
120:
33:
29:
3931:
6430:
6416:
6402:
6310:
6283:
6179:
6160:
6075:
6021:
5886:
5856:
5826:
5789:
5765:
5409:
5389:
5340:
5265:
5050:
4960:
4898:
4863:
4783:
4332:
4142:
3820:
3350:
3144:
2984:
2856:
2726:
2552:
2417:
1542:
1265:
1130:
923:
810:
726:
as a unique group of non-euankylosaurian ankylosaurs, which they gave the name
710:
687:
670:
641:
557:
506:
335:
168:
6637:
6578:
6393:
6303:
6296:
6248:
6192:
6139:
6105:
6006:
5952:
5927:
5909:
5812:
5758:
5731:
5723:
5357:
5307:
5065:
5036:
5022:
5006:
4891:
4884:
4776:
4696:
4620:
4613:
4581:
4150:
3795:
Hinojosa, Luis Felipe; Muñoz-Walther, Vicente; Rubilar-Rogers, David (2021).
3302:
3063:
2688:
2611:
2202:
2171:
2073:
1511:
1497:
1356:
1059:
1008:
834:
751:
704:
646:
420:
412:
68:
4252:
3797:"Bizarre tail weaponry in a transitional ankylosaur from subantarctic Chile"
600:
the first informal definition of the group, as all ornithischians closer to
493:, with short, powerful limbs. They are known to have first appeared in the
6423:
6409:
6338:
6222:
6146:
6091:
6042:
6014:
5999:
5986:
5959:
5878:
5863:
5819:
5799:
5666:
5569:
5517:
5399:
5350:
5293:
5279:
5272:
5227:
5043:
4998:
4926:
4905:
4675:
4667:
4643:
4597:
4532:
4519:
4482:
4391:
4350:
4313:
Yoshida, Junki; Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu; Norell, Mark a. (15 February 2023).
4271:
4158:
3896:
3828:
3374:
3120:
2462:
2438:
2333:
2226:
2090:
1705:
1640:
1109:
1025:
991:
974:
892:
683:
602:
553:
549:
502:
478:
376:
362:
340:
243:
162:
150:
4226:
Mallon, Jordan C; David C Evans; Michael J Ryan; Jason S Anderson (2013).
6587:
6458:
6375:
6324:
6264:
6215:
6057:
6035:
5967:
5916:
5716:
5694:
5526:
5328:
5300:
5258:
5251:
5244:
5076:
4975:
4940:
4877:
4831:
4756:
4635:
4605:
4558:
4550:
3733:
3668:
3391:
2901:
2870:
2798:
2774:
1927:
1616:
1559:
1382:
1249:
1175:
1076:
1042:
774:
737:
613:
608:
581:
577:
565:
529:
471:
405:
383:
259:
144:
110:
43:
3877:
6451:
6444:
6382:
6257:
6208:
6200:
6153:
6098:
6084:
6050:
6028:
5894:
5738:
5673:
5321:
5314:
5108:
5057:
5029:
5014:
4990:
4933:
4912:
4790:
4769:
4745:
4738:
4724:
4710:
4659:
4651:
4627:
3721:
2942:
2702:
2642:
2528:
2479:
2350:
2285:
1799:
1453:
1429:
1225:
1144:
906:
664:
585:
561:
427:
369:
126:
88:
53:
536:, armored dinosaurs known for their combination of plates and spikes.
6465:
6345:
6132:
6112:
5974:
5871:
5773:
5286:
4919:
4703:
4589:
3737:
3663:
3192:
2659:
1977:
1944:
1877:
1592:
1093:
851:
722:
637:
533:
509:
are primarily known from the Northern Hemisphere, but the more basal
490:
194:
93:
6549:
3909:
Osborn, H. F. (1923). "Two Lower Cretaceous dinosaurs of Mongolia."
6572:
6472:
5508:
5499:
5237:
4731:
4574:
4439:
4415:
3080:
514:
474:
275:
227:
214:
83:
78:
63:
58:
48:
3918:
690:, creating the new clade Ankylosauromorpha for all taxa closer to
6360:
6352:
5365:
4797:
4421:
3696:
3673:
486:
98:
73:
6607:
4116:
636:
when the group name and definition was formalized following the
5493:
5444:
4409:
4360:
3753:
3729:
3659:
204:
6317:
4119:"Bizarre dermal armour suggests the first African ankylosaur"
592:. Historically used for forms lacking large vertical plates,
6479:
4983:
3793:
3725:
3326:
3861:"The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs"
4032:
4312:
3699:-sized ankylosaur fossils have been documented in the
730:. The result of their phylogenetic analysis is below.
5426:
List of stratigraphic units with ornithischian tracks
3858:
4209:
481:. It includes the great majority of dinosaurs with
118:Collection of ankylosaurs. From top left to right:
6635:
650:. As some analyses, like that of Carpenter from
3934:Dinosauria Translation and Pronunciation Guide.
3789:
3787:
5541:
4454:
584:, a group of armoured dinosaurs distinct from
5460:
4376:
720:sp. of earlier analyses) and their new taxon
4278:
3968:
3955:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3784:
5646:
4530:
4306:
485:in the form of bony osteoderms, similar to
5467:
5453:
4383:
4369:
3927:
3925:
109:
4340:
4261:
4251:
4008:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
3995:
3981:. Indiana University Press. p. 455.
3974:
3903:
3886:
3876:
3843:
612:. This definition was further refined by
580:together form the two major subgroups of
3683:
501:. The two main families of Ankylosaurs,
3922:
6636:
4001:
6554:
6553:
5486:
5448:
5214:
4517:
4402:
4364:
4284:
548:In the 1908 description of the genus
497:, and persisted until the end of the
6659:Taxa named by Henry Fairfield Osborn
662:and possibly other early forms like
4285:Wilke, Carolyn (24 February 2023).
4035:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
3752:based on a finding of a fossilized
3715:
13:
14:
6675:
571:
6534:
6533:
6510:
6505:
5474:
5197:
5190:
5183:
5177:
5170:
4518:
4390:
520:Ankylosauria was first named by
181:
41:
4219:
4200:
4191:
4182:
4173:
4110:
4096:
4087:
4078:
4069:
3772:Timeline of ankylosaur research
3743:
3679:
4123:Nature Ecology & Evolution
4026:
3946:
1:
6664:Fossil taxa described in 1923
4055:10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433
3777:
3009:Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus
2026:Struthiosaurus languedocensis
2002:Struthiosaurus transylvanicus
5215:
3652:
539:
353:Genera of uncertain affinity
7:
6649:Bathonian first appearances
3965:, Academic Press, San Diego
3765:
10:
6680:
4333:10.1038/s42003-023-04513-x
4143:10.1038/s41559-021-01553-6
4020:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa061
3821:10.1038/s41586-021-04147-1
1689:Gastonia lorriemcwhinneyae
532:, which also includes the
16:Extinct order of dinosaurs
6654:Maastrichtian extinctions
6562:
6523:
6503:
6392:
6291:
6282:
6247:
6187:
6178:
6122:
6074:
5994:
5985:
5926:
5807:
5798:
5787:
5748:
5661:
5657:
5642:
5623:
5595:
5577:
5568:
5550:
5537:
5482:
5418:
5382:
5338:
5225:
5221:
5210:
5167:
5130:
5107:
5098:
5075:
4950:
4872:
4861:
4830:
4807:
4764:
4755:
4686:
4545:
4541:
4526:
4513:
4481:
4463:
4450:
4398:
3963:Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs
3911:American Museum Novitates
3688:Armour of the nodosaurid
3388:
3371:
3364:
3347:
3340:
3323:
3316:
3299:
3292:
3230:
3213:
3206:
3189:
3182:
3165:
3158:
3141:
3134:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3077:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3029:
3022:
3005:
2998:
2981:
2974:
2939:
2922:
2915:
2898:
2891:
2884:
2867:
2860:
2795:
2788:
2771:
2764:
2747:
2740:
2723:
2716:
2699:
2692:
2682:
2656:
2639:
2632:
2625:
2608:
2601:
2566:
2549:
2542:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2476:
2459:
2452:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2347:
2330:
2323:
2306:
2299:
2282:
2275:
2240:
2223:
2216:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2168:
2161:
2087:
2070:
2063:
2050:Struthiosaurus austriacus
2046:
2039:
2022:
2015:
1998:
1991:
1974:
1967:
1941:
1924:
1917:
1910:
1900:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1813:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1702:
1685:
1678:
1661:
1654:
1637:
1630:
1613:
1606:
1589:
1582:
1556:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1508:
1501:
1491:
1474:
1467:
1450:
1443:
1426:
1419:
1403:
1396:
1379:
1372:
1263:
1246:
1239:
1222:
1215:
1189:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1141:
1134:
1107:
1090:
1073:
1056:
1039:
1022:
1005:
988:
971:
954:
937:
920:
903:
896:
886:
848:
831:
824:
807:
800:
790:
772:
765:
748:
741:
623:Ankylosaurus magniventris
489:. Ankylosaurs were bulky
448:
441:
312:
307:
178:Scientific classification
176:
117:
108:
23:
4004:Scelidosaurus harrisonii
3706:
513:are known from southern
4253:10.1186/1472-6785-13-14
3750:bird-like vocalizations
3666:due to the presence of
526:Linnaean classification
517:during the Cretaceous.
4320:Communications Biology
4002:Norman, D.B. (2021). "
3692:
522:Henry Fairfield Osborn
39:BajocianâMaastrichtian
6616:Paleobiology Database
3978:The Armored Dinosaurs
3759:Pinacosaurus grangeri
3701:scientific literature
3687:
3033:Pinacosaurus grangeri
2310:Edmontonia rugosidens
556:described the family
3756:from the ankylosaur
2244:Edmontonia longiceps
4688:Heterodontosauridae
4244:2013BMCE...13...14M
4135:2021NatEE...5.1576M
4047:2023JSPal..2105433R
3878:10.7717/peerj.12362
3813:2021Natur.600..259S
629:Stegosaurus stenops
5405:Hypsilophodontidae
5143:Pachycephalosauria
5132:Pachycephalosauria
4292:The New York Times
3940:2011-11-11 at the
3693:
674:to fall closer to
6631:
6630:
6556:Taxon identifiers
6547:
6546:
6519:
6518:
6501:
6500:
6497:
6496:
6493:
6492:
6489:
6488:
6438:Nodocephalosaurus
6174:
6173:
6170:
6169:
5783:
5782:
5702:Serendipaceratops
5638:
5637:
5634:
5633:
5619:
5618:
5615:
5614:
5442:
5441:
5438:
5437:
5434:
5433:
5373:Serendipaceratops
5206:
5205:
5165:
5164:
5161:
5160:
5157:
5156:
5153:
5152:
4857:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4718:Heterodontosaurus
4509:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4129:(12): 1576â1581.
3807:(7888): 259â263.
3646:
3645:
3637:
3636:
3628:
3627:
3619:
3618:
3610:
3609:
3601:
3600:
3592:
3591:
3583:
3582:
3574:
3573:
3565:
3564:
3556:
3555:
3547:
3546:
3538:
3537:
3529:
3528:
3520:
3519:
3511:
3510:
3502:
3501:
3493:
3492:
3484:
3483:
3475:
3474:
3466:
3465:
3457:
3456:
3448:
3447:
3439:
3438:
3430:
3429:
3421:
3420:
3412:
3411:
3403:
3402:
3281:
3280:
3272:
3271:
3263:
3262:
3254:
3253:
3245:
3244:
3092:
3091:
2963:
2962:
2954:
2953:
2926:Nodocephalosaurus
2846:
2845:
2837:
2836:
2828:
2827:
2819:
2818:
2810:
2809:
2671:
2670:
2590:
2589:
2581:
2580:
2500:
2499:
2491:
2490:
2407:
2406:
2398:
2397:
2389:
2388:
2380:
2379:
2371:
2370:
2362:
2361:
2264:
2263:
2255:
2254:
2147:
2146:
2138:
2137:
2129:
2128:
2120:
2119:
2111:
2110:
2102:
2101:
1956:
1955:
1889:
1888:
1828:
1827:
1771:
1770:
1762:
1761:
1753:
1752:
1744:
1743:
1735:
1734:
1726:
1725:
1717:
1716:
1571:
1570:
1348:
1347:
1339:
1338:
1330:
1329:
1321:
1320:
1312:
1311:
1303:
1302:
1294:
1293:
1285:
1284:
1276:
1275:
1204:
1203:
1120:
1119:
872:
871:
863:
862:
594:Kenneth Carpenter
590:marginocephalians
576:Ankylosauria and
499:Cretaceous Period
465:
464:
459:
452:Ankylosauromorpha
436:
435:
391:Serendipaceratops
332:
303:
6671:
6624:
6623:
6611:
6610:
6598:
6597:
6596:
6583:
6582:
6581:
6551:
6550:
6537:
6536:
6514:
6509:
6289:
6288:
6185:
6184:
5992:
5991:
5903:Propanoplosaurus
5850:Glyptodontopelta
5805:
5804:
5796:
5795:
5688:Priodontognathus
5659:
5658:
5655:
5654:
5644:
5643:
5575:
5574:
5548:
5547:
5539:
5538:
5532:
5531:
5484:
5483:
5469:
5462:
5455:
5446:
5445:
5223:
5222:
5212:
5211:
5201:
5195:
5194:
5188:
5187:
5181:
5175:
5174:
5105:
5104:
4952:Thescelosauridae
4870:
4869:
4762:
4761:
4543:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4528:
4527:
4515:
4514:
4461:
4460:
4452:
4451:
4445:
4444:
4400:
4399:
4385:
4378:
4371:
4362:
4361:
4355:
4354:
4344:
4310:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4299:
4282:
4276:
4275:
4265:
4255:
4223:
4217:
4213:
4207:
4204:
4198:
4195:
4189:
4186:
4180:
4177:
4171:
4170:
4114:
4108:
4107:
4100:
4094:
4091:
4085:
4082:
4076:
4073:
4067:
4066:
4030:
4024:
4023:
3999:
3993:
3992:
3972:
3966:
3959:
3953:
3950:
3944:
3929:
3920:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3890:
3880:
3856:
3841:
3840:
3791:
3716:Diet and feeding
3367:
3366:
3343:
3342:
3319:
3318:
3295:
3294:
3209:
3208:
3185:
3184:
3169:Tarchia kielanae
3161:
3160:
3137:
3136:
3113:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3056:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3025:
3024:
3001:
3000:
2977:
2976:
2918:
2917:
2894:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2863:
2862:
2791:
2790:
2767:
2766:
2743:
2742:
2719:
2718:
2695:
2694:
2685:
2684:
2635:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2604:
2603:
2545:
2544:
2521:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2455:
2454:
2431:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2326:
2325:
2302:
2301:
2278:
2277:
2219:
2218:
2195:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2164:
2163:
2066:
2065:
2042:
2041:
2018:
2017:
1994:
1993:
1970:
1969:
1920:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1907:Struthiosauridae
1903:
1902:
1870:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1792:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1681:
1680:
1657:
1656:
1633:
1632:
1609:
1608:
1585:
1584:
1535:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1504:
1503:
1494:
1493:
1470:
1469:
1446:
1445:
1422:
1421:
1399:
1398:
1375:
1374:
1367:
1366:
1361:Struthiosauridae
1242:
1241:
1218:
1217:
1168:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1137:
1136:
899:
898:
889:
888:
827:
826:
803:
802:
793:
792:
768:
767:
744:
743:
734:
733:
524:in 1923. In the
454:
349:
348:
323:
295:
290:
274:
258:
242:
186:
185:
113:
103:
40:
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
6679:
6678:
6674:
6673:
6672:
6670:
6669:
6668:
6634:
6633:
6632:
6627:
6619:
6614:
6606:
6601:
6592:
6591:
6586:
6577:
6576:
6571:
6558:
6548:
6543:
6515:
6485:
6388:
6368:Tianzhenosaurus
6332:Minotaurasaurus
6278:
6272:Zhongyuansaurus
6243:
6238:Zhejiangosaurus
6231:Liaoningosaurus
6166:
6124:Struthiosaurini
6118:
6070:
6065:Tatankacephalus
5981:
5937:Gargoyleosaurus
5922:
5834:Gargoyleosaurus
5792:
5779:
5750:Parankylosauria
5744:
5710:Sinankylosaurus
5651:
5630:
5611:
5591:
5564:
5558:Avemetatarsalia
5543:Avemetatarsalia
5533:
5489:
5488:
5478:
5473:
5443:
5430:
5414:
5395:Phytodinosauria
5378:
5334:
5217:
5202:
5189:
5182:
5169:
5149:
5126:
5100:Marginocephalia
5094:
5071:
4968:Changchunsaurus
4946:
4866:
4849:
4826:
4803:
4751:
4682:
4535:
4522:
4497:
4477:
4471:Avemetatarsalia
4456:Avemetatarsalia
4446:
4431:Avemetatarsalia
4405:
4404:
4394:
4389:
4359:
4358:
4311:
4307:
4297:
4295:
4283:
4279:
4224:
4220:
4214:
4210:
4205:
4201:
4196:
4192:
4187:
4183:
4178:
4174:
4115:
4111:
4102:
4101:
4097:
4092:
4088:
4083:
4079:
4074:
4070:
4031:
4027:
4000:
3996:
3989:
3973:
3969:
3960:
3956:
3951:
3947:
3942:Wayback Machine
3930:
3923:
3908:
3904:
3857:
3844:
3792:
3785:
3780:
3768:
3746:
3718:
3709:
3682:
3655:
3649:
3647:
3638:
3629:
3620:
3611:
3602:
3593:
3584:
3575:
3566:
3557:
3548:
3539:
3530:
3521:
3512:
3503:
3494:
3485:
3476:
3467:
3458:
3449:
3440:
3431:
3422:
3413:
3404:
3282:
3273:
3264:
3255:
3246:
3234:Tarchia teresae
3217:Minotaurasaurus
3093:
2964:
2955:
2847:
2838:
2829:
2820:
2811:
2751:Liaoningosaurus
2672:
2591:
2582:
2570:Zhejiangosaurus
2501:
2492:
2408:
2399:
2390:
2381:
2372:
2363:
2265:
2256:
2158:Panoplosauridae
2148:
2139:
2130:
2121:
2112:
2103:
1957:
1890:
1829:
1817:Tatankacephalus
1772:
1763:
1754:
1745:
1736:
1727:
1718:
1665:Gastonia burgei
1572:
1478:Gargoyleosaurus
1353:Panoplosauridae
1349:
1340:
1331:
1322:
1313:
1304:
1295:
1286:
1277:
1205:
1193:Liaoningosaurus
1121:
941:Gargoyleosaurus
873:
864:
797:Parankylosauria
728:Parankylosauria
656:David B. Norman
574:
542:
511:Parankylosauria
495:Middle Jurassic
437:
399:Sinankylosaurus
354:
316:Parankylosauria
294:
288:
272:
256:
240:
180:
139:Gargoyleosaurus
133:Tianzhenosaurus
121:Liaoningosaurus
104:
102:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
38:
37:
34:Late Cretaceous
30:Middle Jurassic
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6677:
6667:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6629:
6628:
6626:
6625:
6612:
6599:
6584:
6568:
6566:
6560:
6559:
6545:
6544:
6542:
6541:
6531:
6524:
6521:
6520:
6517:
6516:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6498:
6495:
6494:
6491:
6490:
6487:
6486:
6484:
6483:
6476:
6469:
6462:
6455:
6448:
6441:
6434:
6431:Euoplocephalus
6427:
6420:
6417:Anodontosaurus
6413:
6406:
6403:Akainacephalus
6398:
6396:
6390:
6389:
6387:
6386:
6379:
6372:
6364:
6357:
6349:
6342:
6335:
6328:
6321:
6314:
6311:Crichtonsaurus
6307:
6300:
6292:
6286:
6284:Ankylosaurinae
6280:
6279:
6277:
6276:
6268:
6261:
6253:
6251:
6245:
6244:
6242:
6241:
6234:
6227:
6219:
6212:
6205:
6197:
6188:
6182:
6180:Ankylosauridae
6176:
6175:
6172:
6171:
6168:
6167:
6165:
6164:
6161:Struthiosaurus
6157:
6150:
6143:
6136:
6128:
6126:
6120:
6119:
6117:
6116:
6109:
6102:
6095:
6088:
6080:
6078:
6076:Panoplosaurini
6072:
6071:
6069:
6068:
6061:
6054:
6047:
6039:
6032:
6025:
6022:Niobrarasaurus
6018:
6011:
6003:
5995:
5989:
5983:
5982:
5980:
5979:
5971:
5964:
5956:
5949:
5941:
5932:
5930:
5924:
5923:
5921:
5920:
5913:
5906:
5899:
5891:
5887:Polacanthoides
5883:
5875:
5868:
5860:
5857:Horshamosaurus
5853:
5846:
5838:
5830:
5827:Dongyangopelta
5823:
5816:
5808:
5802:
5793:
5790:Euankylosauria
5788:
5785:
5784:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5777:
5770:
5766:Kunbarrasaurus
5762:
5754:
5752:
5746:
5745:
5743:
5742:
5735:
5728:
5720:
5713:
5706:
5698:
5691:
5684:
5677:
5670:
5662:
5652:
5647:
5640:
5639:
5636:
5635:
5632:
5631:
5624:
5621:
5620:
5617:
5616:
5613:
5612:
5610:
5609:
5608:
5607:
5601:
5599:
5593:
5592:
5590:
5589:
5588:
5587:
5578:
5572:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5551:
5545:
5535:
5534:
5530:
5529:
5520:
5511:
5502:
5496:
5480:
5479:
5472:
5471:
5464:
5457:
5449:
5440:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5432:
5431:
5429:
5428:
5422:
5420:
5419:Other articles
5416:
5415:
5413:
5412:
5410:Jeholosauridae
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5390:Ornithoscelida
5386:
5384:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5376:
5369:
5362:
5354:
5346:
5344:
5341:Incertae sedis
5336:
5335:
5333:
5332:
5325:
5318:
5311:
5304:
5297:
5290:
5283:
5276:
5269:
5266:Ferganocephale
5262:
5255:
5248:
5241:
5233:
5231:
5219:
5218:
5208:
5207:
5204:
5203:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5162:
5159:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5151:
5150:
5148:
5147:
5146:
5145:
5136:
5134:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5124:
5123:
5122:
5113:
5111:
5102:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5092:
5091:
5090:
5081:
5079:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5069:
5062:
5054:
5051:Thescelosaurus
5047:
5040:
5033:
5026:
5019:
5011:
5003:
4995:
4987:
4980:
4972:
4964:
4961:Albertadromeus
4956:
4954:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4944:
4937:
4930:
4923:
4916:
4909:
4902:
4899:Kulindadromeus
4895:
4888:
4881:
4873:
4867:
4864:Neornithischia
4862:
4859:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4846:
4845:
4836:
4834:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4824:
4823:
4822:
4813:
4811:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4801:
4794:
4787:
4784:Scutellosaurus
4780:
4773:
4765:
4759:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4749:
4742:
4735:
4728:
4721:
4714:
4707:
4700:
4692:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4672:
4664:
4656:
4648:
4640:
4632:
4624:
4617:
4610:
4602:
4594:
4586:
4578:
4571:
4563:
4555:
4546:
4536:
4531:
4524:
4523:
4511:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4499:
4498:
4496:
4495:
4494:
4493:
4487:
4485:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4475:
4474:
4473:
4464:
4458:
4448:
4447:
4443:
4442:
4433:
4424:
4418:
4412:
4396:
4395:
4388:
4387:
4380:
4373:
4365:
4357:
4356:
4305:
4277:
4218:
4208:
4199:
4190:
4181:
4172:
4109:
4095:
4086:
4077:
4068:
4041:(1). 2205433.
4025:
3994:
3987:
3967:
3954:
3945:
3932:Ben Creisler,
3921:
3902:
3842:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3774:
3767:
3764:
3745:
3742:
3717:
3714:
3708:
3705:
3681:
3678:
3654:
3651:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3617:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3608:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3563:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3527:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3500:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3370:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3351:Euoplocephalus
3346:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3322:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3298:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3212:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3188:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3164:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3145:Anodontosaurus
3140:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3116:
3111:
3109:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3059:
3054:
3052:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3028:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3004:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2985:Akainacephalus
2980:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2921:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2897:
2892:
2890:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2866:
2861:
2859:
2857:Ankylosaurinae
2853:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2794:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2770:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2746:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2727:Kunbarrasaurus
2722:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2698:
2693:
2691:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2638:
2633:
2631:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2607:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2553:Dongyangopelta
2548:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2524:
2519:
2517:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2458:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2434:
2429:
2427:
2422:
2420:
2418:Ankylosauridae
2414:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2329:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2305:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2281:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2222:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2198:
2193:
2191:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2167:
2162:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2045:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2021:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2006:
1997:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1973:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1923:
1918:
1916:
1911:
1909:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1873:
1868:
1866:
1861:
1859:
1854:
1852:
1847:
1845:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1795:
1790:
1788:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1660:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1636:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1612:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1588:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1543:Niobrarasaurus
1538:
1533:
1531:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1507:
1502:
1500:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1425:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1402:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1378:
1373:
1371:
1365:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1266:Ankylosaurinae
1262:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1245:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1131:Ankylosauridae
1127:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1004:
1001:
1000:
997:
996:
987:
984:
983:
980:
979:
970:
967:
966:
963:
962:
953:
950:
949:
946:
945:
936:
933:
932:
929:
928:
924:Dongyangopelta
919:
916:
915:
912:
911:
902:
897:
895:
887:
885:
883:Euankylosauria
879:
878:
875:
874:
870:
869:
866:
865:
861:
860:
857:
856:
847:
844:
843:
840:
839:
830:
825:
823:
820:
819:
816:
815:
811:Kunbarrasaurus
806:
801:
799:
791:
789:
783:
782:
779:
778:
771:
766:
764:
761:
760:
757:
756:
747:
742:
740:
732:
711:Kunbarrasaurus
688:Ankylosauridae
671:Scutellosaurus
642:Early Jurassic
573:
572:Classification
570:
558:Ankylosauridae
541:
538:
507:Ankylosauridae
470:is a group of
463:
462:
461:
460:
446:
445:
439:
438:
434:
433:
432:
431:
424:
417:
409:
402:
395:
387:
380:
373:
366:
356:
355:
352:
347:
346:
345:
344:
343:
338:
336:Ankylosauridae
321:Euankylosauria
318:
310:
309:
305:
304:
286:
279:
278:
270:
263:
262:
254:
247:
246:
238:
231:
230:
225:
218:
217:
212:
208:
207:
202:
198:
197:
192:
188:
187:
174:
173:
169:Akainacephalus
115:
114:
106:
105:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6676:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6641:
6639:
6622:
6617:
6613:
6609:
6604:
6600:
6595:
6589:
6585:
6580:
6574:
6570:
6569:
6567:
6565:
6561:
6557:
6552:
6540:
6532:
6530:
6526:
6525:
6522:
6513:
6508:
6482:
6481:
6477:
6475:
6474:
6470:
6468:
6467:
6463:
6461:
6460:
6456:
6454:
6453:
6449:
6447:
6446:
6442:
6440:
6439:
6435:
6433:
6432:
6428:
6426:
6425:
6421:
6419:
6418:
6414:
6412:
6411:
6407:
6405:
6404:
6400:
6399:
6397:
6395:
6394:Ankylosaurini
6391:
6385:
6384:
6380:
6378:
6377:
6373:
6370:
6369:
6365:
6363:
6362:
6358:
6355:
6354:
6350:
6348:
6347:
6343:
6341:
6340:
6336:
6334:
6333:
6329:
6327:
6326:
6322:
6320:
6319:
6315:
6313:
6312:
6308:
6306:
6305:
6304:Crichtonpelta
6301:
6299:
6298:
6297:Bissektipelta
6294:
6293:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6281:
6274:
6273:
6269:
6267:
6266:
6262:
6260:
6259:
6255:
6254:
6252:
6250:
6249:Shamosaurinae
6246:
6240:
6239:
6235:
6233:
6232:
6228:
6225:
6224:
6220:
6218:
6217:
6213:
6211:
6210:
6206:
6203:
6202:
6198:
6195:
6194:
6193:Ahshislepelta
6190:
6189:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6177:
6163:
6162:
6158:
6156:
6155:
6151:
6149:
6148:
6144:
6142:
6141:
6140:Hungarosaurus
6137:
6135:
6134:
6130:
6129:
6127:
6125:
6121:
6115:
6114:
6110:
6108:
6107:
6106:Panoplosaurus
6103:
6101:
6100:
6096:
6094:
6093:
6089:
6087:
6086:
6082:
6081:
6079:
6077:
6073:
6067:
6066:
6062:
6060:
6059:
6055:
6053:
6052:
6048:
6045:
6044:
6040:
6038:
6037:
6033:
6031:
6030:
6026:
6024:
6023:
6019:
6017:
6016:
6012:
6009:
6008:
6007:Ahshislepelta
6004:
6002:
6001:
5997:
5996:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5984:
5977:
5976:
5972:
5970:
5969:
5965:
5962:
5961:
5957:
5955:
5954:
5953:Hoplitosaurus
5950:
5947:
5946:
5942:
5939:
5938:
5934:
5933:
5931:
5929:
5928:Polacanthinae
5925:
5919:
5918:
5914:
5912:
5911:
5910:Rhadinosaurus
5907:
5905:
5904:
5900:
5897:
5896:
5892:
5889:
5888:
5884:
5881:
5880:
5876:
5874:
5873:
5869:
5866:
5865:
5861:
5859:
5858:
5854:
5852:
5851:
5847:
5844:
5843:
5839:
5836:
5835:
5831:
5829:
5828:
5824:
5822:
5821:
5817:
5815:
5814:
5813:Acanthopholis
5810:
5809:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5797:
5794:
5791:
5786:
5776:
5775:
5771:
5768:
5767:
5763:
5761:
5760:
5759:Antarctopelta
5756:
5755:
5753:
5751:
5747:
5741:
5740:
5736:
5734:
5733:
5732:Tianchisaurus
5729:
5726:
5725:
5724:Stegosaurides
5721:
5719:
5718:
5714:
5712:
5711:
5707:
5704:
5703:
5699:
5697:
5696:
5692:
5690:
5689:
5685:
5683:
5682:
5678:
5676:
5675:
5671:
5669:
5668:
5664:
5663:
5660:
5656:
5653:
5650:
5645:
5641:
5629:
5628:
5622:
5605:
5604:
5603:
5602:
5600:
5598:
5594:
5586:
5582:
5581:
5580:
5579:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5567:
5559:
5555:
5554:
5553:
5552:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5540:
5536:
5528:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5497:
5495:
5491:
5490:
5485:
5481:
5477:
5470:
5465:
5463:
5458:
5456:
5451:
5450:
5447:
5427:
5424:
5423:
5421:
5417:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5387:
5385:
5381:
5375:
5374:
5370:
5368:
5367:
5363:
5360:
5359:
5358:Dravidosaurus
5355:
5353:
5352:
5348:
5347:
5345:
5343:
5342:
5337:
5331:
5330:
5326:
5324:
5323:
5319:
5317:
5316:
5312:
5310:
5309:
5308:Syngonosaurus
5305:
5303:
5302:
5298:
5296:
5295:
5291:
5289:
5288:
5284:
5282:
5281:
5277:
5275:
5274:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5256:
5254:
5253:
5249:
5247:
5246:
5242:
5240:
5239:
5235:
5234:
5232:
5230:
5229:
5224:
5220:
5213:
5209:
5200:
5196:
5193:
5186:
5180:
5173:
5144:
5140:
5139:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5133:
5129:
5121:
5117:
5116:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5110:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5097:
5089:
5085:
5084:
5083:
5082:
5080:
5078:
5074:
5068:
5067:
5066:Zephyrosaurus
5063:
5060:
5059:
5055:
5053:
5052:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5041:
5039:
5038:
5037:Oryctodromeus
5034:
5032:
5031:
5027:
5025:
5024:
5023:Nevadadromeus
5020:
5017:
5016:
5012:
5009:
5008:
5007:Koreanosaurus
5004:
5001:
5000:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4988:
4986:
4985:
4981:
4978:
4977:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4965:
4963:
4962:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4953:
4949:
4943:
4942:
4938:
4936:
4935:
4931:
4929:
4928:
4924:
4922:
4921:
4917:
4915:
4914:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4896:
4894:
4893:
4892:Hypsilophodon
4889:
4887:
4886:
4885:Hexinlusaurus
4882:
4880:
4879:
4875:
4874:
4871:
4868:
4865:
4860:
4844:
4840:
4839:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4833:
4829:
4821:
4817:
4816:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4806:
4800:
4799:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4788:
4786:
4785:
4781:
4779:
4778:
4777:Scelidosaurus
4774:
4772:
4771:
4767:
4766:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4754:
4748:
4747:
4743:
4741:
4740:
4736:
4734:
4733:
4729:
4727:
4726:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4715:
4713:
4712:
4708:
4706:
4705:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4697:Abrictosaurus
4694:
4693:
4691:
4689:
4685:
4678:
4677:
4673:
4670:
4669:
4665:
4662:
4661:
4657:
4654:
4653:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4625:
4623:
4622:
4621:Lesothosaurus
4618:
4616:
4615:
4614:Laquintasaura
4611:
4608:
4607:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4595:
4592:
4591:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4582:Eucoelophysis
4579:
4577:
4576:
4572:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4548:
4547:
4544:
4540:
4537:
4534:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4516:
4512:
4491:
4490:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4484:
4480:
4472:
4468:
4467:
4466:
4465:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4441:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4411:
4407:
4406:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4386:
4381:
4379:
4374:
4372:
4367:
4366:
4363:
4352:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4321:
4316:
4309:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4281:
4273:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4222:
4212:
4203:
4194:
4185:
4176:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4113:
4105:
4099:
4090:
4081:
4072:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4029:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
3998:
3990:
3988:0-253-33964-2
3984:
3980:
3979:
3971:
3964:
3958:
3949:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3928:
3926:
3919:
3916:
3912:
3906:
3898:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3790:
3788:
3783:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3751:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3713:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3691:
3686:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3661:
3650:
3642:
3641:
3633:
3632:
3624:
3623:
3615:
3614:
3606:
3605:
3597:
3596:
3588:
3587:
3579:
3578:
3570:
3569:
3561:
3560:
3552:
3551:
3543:
3542:
3534:
3533:
3525:
3524:
3516:
3515:
3507:
3506:
3498:
3497:
3489:
3488:
3480:
3479:
3471:
3470:
3462:
3461:
3453:
3452:
3444:
3443:
3435:
3434:
3426:
3425:
3417:
3416:
3408:
3407:
3399:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3386:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3369:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3345:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3321:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3303:Antarctopelta
3297:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3277:
3276:
3268:
3267:
3259:
3258:
3250:
3249:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3211:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3187:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3163:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3139:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3115:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3064:Crichtonpelta
3058:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3027:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3003:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2979:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2959:
2958:
2950:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2937:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2920:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2896:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2865:
2864:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2842:
2841:
2833:
2832:
2824:
2823:
2815:
2814:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2793:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2769:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2745:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2721:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2697:
2696:
2690:
2689:Shamosaurinae
2687:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2637:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2612:Ahshislepelta
2606:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2586:
2585:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2564:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2547:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2523:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2496:
2495:
2487:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2457:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2433:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2403:
2402:
2394:
2393:
2385:
2384:
2376:
2375:
2367:
2366:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2328:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2304:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2280:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2260:
2259:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2221:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2203:Panoplosaurus
2197:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2172:Tianchisaurus
2166:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2143:
2142:
2134:
2133:
2125:
2124:
2116:
2115:
2107:
2106:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2074:Hungarosaurus
2068:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2044:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2020:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2003:
1996:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1972:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1922:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1872:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1794:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1767:
1766:
1758:
1757:
1749:
1748:
1740:
1739:
1731:
1730:
1722:
1721:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1683:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1659:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1635:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1611:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1587:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1537:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1512:Hoplitosaurus
1506:
1505:
1499:
1498:Polacanthidae
1496:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1472:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1448:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1424:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1377:
1376:
1370:Ankylosauria
1369:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1357:Polacanthidae
1354:
1344:
1343:
1335:
1334:
1326:
1325:
1317:
1316:
1308:
1307:
1299:
1298:
1290:
1289:
1281:
1280:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1244:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1220:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1170:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1139:
1138:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1060:Hoplitosaurus
1054:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1009:Panoplosaurus
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
995:
994:
993:
986:
985:
982:
981:
978:
977:
976:
969:
968:
965:
964:
961:
960:
959:
952:
951:
948:
947:
944:
943:
942:
935:
934:
931:
930:
927:
926:
925:
918:
917:
914:
913:
910:
909:
908:
901:
900:
894:
891:
890:
884:
881:
880:
877:
876:
868:
867:
859:
858:
855:
854:
853:
846:
845:
842:
841:
838:
837:
836:
835:Antarctopelta
829:
828:
822:
821:
818:
817:
814:
813:
812:
805:
804:
798:
795:
794:
788:
785:
784:
781:
780:
777:
776:
770:
769:
763:
762:
759:
758:
755:
754:
753:
752:Scelidosaurus
746:
745:
739:
736:
735:
731:
729:
725:
724:
719:
718:
713:
712:
707:
706:
705:Antarctopelta
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
672:
667:
666:
661:
660:Scelidosaurus
658:in 2021 find
657:
653:
649:
648:
647:Scelidosaurus
643:
639:
635:
631:
630:
625:
624:
619:
615:
611:
610:
605:
604:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
569:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
546:
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
518:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
477:of the clade
476:
473:
469:
458:
453:
450:
449:
447:
444:
440:
430:
429:
425:
423:
422:
421:Tianchisaurus
418:
415:
414:
413:Stegosaurides
410:
408:
407:
403:
401:
400:
396:
393:
392:
388:
386:
385:
381:
379:
378:
374:
372:
371:
367:
365:
364:
360:
359:
358:
357:
351:
350:
342:
339:
337:
334:
333:
331:
327:
322:
319:
317:
314:
313:
311:
306:
302:
298:
293:
287:
284:
281:
280:
277:
271:
268:
265:
264:
261:
255:
252:
249:
248:
245:
239:
236:
233:
232:
229:
226:
223:
220:
219:
216:
213:
210:
209:
206:
203:
200:
199:
196:
193:
190:
189:
184:
179:
175:
171:
170:
165:
164:
159:
158:
153:
152:
147:
146:
141:
140:
135:
134:
129:
128:
123:
122:
116:
112:
107:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
35:
31:
22:
19:
6594:Ankylosauria
6564:Ankylosauria
6563:
6478:
6471:
6464:
6457:
6450:
6443:
6436:
6429:
6424:Dyoplosaurus
6422:
6415:
6410:Ankylosaurus
6408:
6401:
6381:
6374:
6366:
6359:
6351:
6344:
6339:Pinacosaurus
6337:
6330:
6323:
6316:
6309:
6302:
6295:
6270:
6263:
6256:
6236:
6229:
6223:Hylaeosaurus
6221:
6214:
6207:
6199:
6191:
6159:
6152:
6147:Pawpawsaurus
6145:
6138:
6131:
6111:
6104:
6097:
6092:Denversaurus
6090:
6083:
6063:
6056:
6049:
6043:Peloroplites
6041:
6034:
6027:
6020:
6015:Borealopelta
6013:
6005:
6000:Acantholipan
5998:
5987:Nodosaurinae
5973:
5966:
5960:Peloroplites
5958:
5951:
5943:
5935:
5915:
5908:
5901:
5893:
5885:
5879:Mymoorapelta
5877:
5870:
5864:Hylaeosaurus
5862:
5855:
5848:
5840:
5832:
5825:
5820:Anoplosaurus
5818:
5811:
5800:Nodosauridae
5772:
5764:
5757:
5737:
5730:
5722:
5715:
5708:
5700:
5693:
5686:
5679:
5672:
5667:Cryptosaurus
5665:
5649:Ankylosauria
5648:
5627:Ankylosauria
5626:
5625:
5597:Ankylosauria
5596:
5585:Ornithischia
5570:Ornithischia
5522:
5518:Ornithischia
5513:
5504:
5476:Ankylosauria
5475:
5400:Silesauridae
5371:
5364:
5356:
5351:Ajkaceratops
5349:
5339:
5327:
5320:
5313:
5306:
5299:
5294:Notoceratops
5292:
5285:
5280:Gongbusaurus
5278:
5273:Geranosaurus
5271:
5264:
5257:
5250:
5243:
5236:
5228:Nomina dubia
5226:
5176:
5064:
5056:
5049:
5044:Parksosaurus
5042:
5035:
5028:
5021:
5013:
5005:
4999:Jeholosaurus
4997:
4989:
4982:
4974:
4966:
4959:
4939:
4932:
4927:Sanxiasaurus
4925:
4918:
4911:
4906:Minimocursor
4904:
4897:
4890:
4883:
4876:
4820:Ankylosauria
4809:Ankylosauria
4808:
4796:
4789:
4782:
4775:
4768:
4744:
4737:
4730:
4723:
4716:
4709:
4702:
4695:
4676:Technosaurus
4674:
4668:Soumyasaurus
4666:
4658:
4650:
4644:Pisanosaurus
4642:
4634:
4626:
4619:
4612:
4604:
4598:Ignotosaurus
4596:
4588:
4580:
4573:
4565:
4557:
4549:
4533:Ornithischia
4520:Ornithischia
4483:Ornithischia
4435:
4426:
4392:Ornithischia
4324:
4318:
4308:
4296:. Retrieved
4290:
4280:
4235:
4231:
4221:
4211:
4202:
4193:
4184:
4175:
4126:
4122:
4112:
4098:
4089:
4080:
4071:
4038:
4034:
4028:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3997:
3977:
3970:
3962:
3957:
3948:
3933:
3914:
3910:
3905:
3868:
3864:
3804:
3800:
3757:
3747:
3744:Vocalization
3719:
3710:
3694:
3689:
3680:Paleobiology
3667:
3656:
3648:
3390:
3389:
3375:Dyoplosaurus
3373:
3372:
3349:
3348:
3325:
3324:
3301:
3300:
3232:
3231:
3215:
3214:
3191:
3190:
3167:
3166:
3143:
3142:
3121:Ankylosaurus
3119:
3118:
3079:
3078:
3062:
3061:
3031:
3030:
3007:
3006:
2983:
2982:
2941:
2940:
2924:
2923:
2900:
2899:
2869:
2868:
2797:
2796:
2773:
2772:
2749:
2748:
2725:
2724:
2701:
2700:
2658:
2657:
2641:
2640:
2610:
2609:
2568:
2567:
2551:
2550:
2527:
2526:
2478:
2477:
2463:Mymoorapelta
2461:
2460:
2439:Borealopelta
2437:
2436:
2349:
2348:
2334:Anoplosaurus
2332:
2331:
2308:
2307:
2284:
2283:
2242:
2241:
2227:Denversaurus
2225:
2224:
2201:
2200:
2170:
2169:
2091:Pawpawsaurus
2089:
2088:
2072:
2071:
2048:
2047:
2024:
2023:
2000:
1999:
1976:
1975:
1943:
1942:
1926:
1925:
1876:
1875:
1815:
1814:
1798:
1797:
1706:Peloroplites
1704:
1703:
1687:
1686:
1663:
1662:
1641:Hylaeosaurus
1639:
1638:
1615:
1614:
1591:
1590:
1558:
1557:
1541:
1540:
1510:
1509:
1476:
1475:
1452:
1451:
1428:
1427:
1404:
1381:
1380:
1350:
1264:
1248:
1247:
1224:
1223:
1191:
1190:
1174:
1173:
1143:
1142:
1110:Nodosaurinae
1108:
1092:
1091:
1075:
1074:
1058:
1057:
1041:
1040:
1026:Peloroplites
1024:
1023:
1007:
1006:
992:Mymoorapelta
990:
989:
975:Hylaeosaurus
973:
972:
956:
955:
939:
938:
922:
921:
905:
904:
893:Nodosauridae
882:
850:
849:
833:
832:
809:
808:
787:Ankylosauria
786:
773:
750:
749:
721:
715:
709:
703:
699:
695:
692:Ankylosaurus
691:
684:Nodosauridae
679:
676:Ankylosaurus
675:
669:
663:
659:
645:
627:
621:
607:
603:Ankylosaurus
601:
596:proposed in
575:
554:Barnum Brown
550:Ankylosaurus
547:
543:
519:
503:Nodosauridae
479:Ornithischia
468:Ankylosauria
467:
466:
451:
426:
419:
411:
404:
397:
389:
382:
377:Mymoorapelta
375:
368:
363:Cryptosaurus
361:
341:Nodosauridae
325:
320:
292:Ankylosauria
291:
282:
266:
250:
244:Ornithischia
234:
221:
167:
163:Borealopelta
161:
155:
151:Denversaurus
149:
143:
137:
131:
125:
119:
18:
6644:Ankylosaurs
6588:Wikispecies
6459:Scolosaurus
6376:Tsagantegia
6325:Jinyunpelta
6265:Shamosaurus
6216:Chuanqilong
6058:Silvisaurus
6036:Patagopelta
5968:Polacanthus
5917:Sauroplites
5717:Spicomellus
5695:Sarcolestes
5527:Thyreophora
5329:Trimucrodon
5301:Siluosaurus
5259:Fabrosaurus
5252:Craspedodon
5245:Bienosaurus
5088:Ornithopoda
5077:Ornithopoda
4976:Changmiania
4941:Yandusaurus
4878:Agilisaurus
4843:Stegosauria
4832:Stegosauria
4757:Thyreophora
4636:Lutungutali
4606:Kwanasaurus
4559:Asilisaurus
4551:Amanasaurus
4298:26 February
4232:BMC Ecology
4014:(1): 1â86.
3734:angiosperms
3669:Spicomellus
3392:Scolosaurus
2902:Tsagantegia
2871:Jinyunpelta
2799:Shamosaurus
2775:Chuanqilong
1928:Silvisaurus
1617:Patagopelta
1560:Polacanthus
1383:Sarcolestes
1250:Shamosaurus
1176:Chuanqilong
1077:Sauroplites
1043:Polacanthus
775:Stegosauria
738:Thyreophora
700:Stegosaurus
696:Stegosaurus
680:Stegosaurus
620:to specify
614:Paul Sereno
609:Stegosaurus
586:ornithopods
582:Thyreophora
578:Stegosauria
566:glyptodonts
530:Thyreophora
472:herbivorous
455:Carpenter,
406:Spicomellus
384:Sarcolestes
324:Soto-Acuña
260:Thyreophora
145:Scolosaurus
24:Ankylosaurs
6638:Categories
6527:See also:
6452:Platypelta
6445:Oohkotokia
6383:Zaraapelta
6258:Gobisaurus
6209:Cedarpelta
6201:Aletopelta
6154:Stegopelta
6099:Edmontonia
6085:Animantarx
6051:Sauropelta
6029:Nodosaurus
5895:Priconodon
5739:Vectipelta
5674:Dracopelta
5606:see belowâ
5509:Dinosauria
5383:Other taxa
5322:Tichosteus
5315:Tatisaurus
5120:Ceratopsia
5109:Ceratopsia
5058:Yueosaurus
5030:Orodromeus
5015:Nanosaurus
4934:Xiaosaurus
4913:Nanosaurus
4791:Yuxisaurus
4770:Emausaurus
4746:Tianyulong
4739:Pegomastax
4725:Lycorhinus
4711:Fruitadens
4660:Silesaurus
4652:Sacisaurus
4628:Lewisuchus
4492:see belowâ
4440:Dinosauria
4422:Sauropsida
4327:(1): 152.
3871:: e12362.
3778:References
3722:stegosaurs
3690:Edmontonia
2943:Zaraapelta
2703:Gobisaurus
2643:Aletopelta
2529:Vectipelta
2480:Stegopelta
2351:Dracopelta
2286:Nodosaurus
1800:Sauropelta
1454:Cedarpelta
1430:Animantarx
1226:Gobisaurus
1145:Aletopelta
907:Cedarpelta
665:Emausaurus
562:stegosaurs
534:stegosaurs
491:quadrupeds
428:Vectipelta
370:Dracopelta
308:Subgroups
228:Dinosauria
127:Edmontonia
6466:Talarurus
6346:Saichania
6133:Europelta
6113:Texasetes
5975:Taohelong
5872:Invictarx
5774:Stegouros
5492:Kingdom:
5287:Laosaurus
4920:Phyllodon
4704:Echinodon
4590:Gamatavus
4408:Kingdom:
4238:(1): 14.
4167:237616095
4151:2397-334X
4063:258802937
3837:244799975
3738:Laramidia
3695:Possible
3664:Bathonian
3653:Evolution
3193:Saichania
2660:Talarurus
1978:Europelta
1945:Taohelong
1878:Invictarx
1593:Texasetes
1408:juvenile
1094:Taohelong
852:Stegouros
723:Stegouros
638:PhyloCode
540:Etymology
475:dinosaurs
201:Kingdom:
195:Eukaryota
6573:Wikidata
6539:Category
6529:Timeline
6473:Ziapelta
5945:Gastonia
5842:Gastonia
5500:Chordata
5498:Phylum:
5494:Animalia
5238:Alocodon
5216:See also
4732:Manidens
4575:Eocursor
4567:Diodorus
4416:Chordata
4414:Phylum:
4410:Animalia
4351:36792659
4272:23557203
4159:34556830
3938:Archived
3897:34966571
3829:34853468
3766:See also
3081:Ziapelta
958:Gastonia
515:Gondwana
443:Synonyms
276:Eurypoda
215:Chordata
211:Phylum:
205:Animalia
191:Domain:
157:Gastonia
6608:3014674
6579:Q273617
6361:Tarchia
6353:Shanxia
5366:Jakapil
4798:Jakapil
4420:Class:
4342:9932143
4263:3637170
4240:Bibcode
4131:Bibcode
4043:Bibcode
3917:: 1â10.
3888:8667728
3809:Bibcode
3697:neonate
3674:Morocco
3662:by the
1406:Paw Paw
487:turtles
6621:147920
4349:
4339:
4270:
4260:
4165:
4157:
4149:
4104:"PBDB"
4061:
3985:
3895:
3885:
3835:
3827:
3801:Nature
3754:larynx
3732:, and
3730:cycads
3660:Africa
1359:, and
326:et al.
297:Osborn
6318:Datai
5681:Minmi
5523:Clade
5514:Clade
5505:Clade
4436:Clade
4427:Clade
4163:S2CID
4059:S2CID
3865:PeerJ
3833:S2CID
3726:ferns
3707:Armor
717:Minmi
694:than
678:than
644:form
606:than
483:armor
283:Clade
267:Clade
251:Clade
235:Clade
222:Clade
6480:Zuul
5583:see
5556:see
5141:see
5118:see
5086:see
4991:Haya
4984:Fona
4841:see
4818:see
4469:see
4347:PMID
4300:2023
4268:PMID
4155:PMID
4147:ISSN
3983:ISBN
3893:PMID
3825:PMID
3327:Zuul
686:and
668:and
652:2001
634:2021
626:and
618:2005
598:1997
588:and
564:and
505:and
457:2001
330:2021
301:1923
166:and
44:Preê
6603:EoL
4337:PMC
4329:doi
4325:152
4258:PMC
4248:doi
4139:doi
4051:doi
4016:doi
4012:191
3883:PMC
3873:doi
3817:doi
3805:600
3672:in
654:or
616:in
6640::
6618::
6605::
6590::
6575::
5525::
5516::
5507::
4438::
4429::
4345:.
4335:.
4323:.
4317:.
4289:.
4266:.
4256:.
4246:.
4236:13
4234:.
4230:.
4161:.
4153:.
4145:.
4137:.
4125:.
4121:.
4057:.
4049:.
4039:21
4037:.
4010:.
3924:^
3915:95
3913:,
3891:.
3881:.
3867:.
3863:.
3845:^
3831:.
3823:.
3815:.
3803:.
3799:.
3786:^
3762:.
3728:,
3703:.
1363:.
1355:,
708:,
552:,
328:,
299:,
285::
269::
253::
237::
224::
172:.
160:,
154:,
148:,
142:,
136:,
130:,
124:,
94:Pg
36:,
6371:?
6356:?
6275:?
6226:?
6204:?
6196:?
6046:?
6010:?
5978:?
5963:?
5948:?
5940:?
5898:?
5890:?
5882:?
5867:?
5845:?
5837:?
5769:?
5727:?
5705:?
5468:e
5461:t
5454:v
5361:?
5061:?
5018:?
5010:?
5002:?
4994:?
4979:?
4971:?
4679:?
4671:?
4663:?
4655:?
4647:?
4639:?
4631:?
4609:?
4601:?
4593:?
4585:?
4570:?
4562:?
4554:?
4384:e
4377:t
4370:v
4353:.
4331::
4302:.
4274:.
4250::
4242::
4169:.
4141::
4133::
4127:5
4106:.
4065:.
4053::
4045::
4022:.
4018::
3991:.
3899:.
3875::
3869:9
3839:.
3819::
3811::
714:(
416:?
394:?
289:â
273:â
257:â
241:â
99:N
89:K
84:J
79:T
74:P
69:C
64:D
59:S
54:O
49:ê
32:â
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