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22:
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675:. Department and Foreign Service series ; 161 Department of State publication ; 8900. Washington : Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs, Dept. of State : for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.
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which alludes to the Eye in the Arms, meant for the Eye of
Providence." In western art, God is traditionally represented by the Eye of Providence, which principally symbolizes God's
137:
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243:
The pyramid signifies
Strength and Duration: The Eye over it & the Motto allude to the many signal interpositions of providence in favour of the American cause.
1182:
270:
as, "He has favored our undertakings" (brackets in original). However, the original Latin does not explicitly state who (or what) is the subject of the sentence.
277:
makes reference to God, examining the claim that the founders of the United States were deliberate to avoid references to God by choosing only secular mottos.
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128:, the standard translations are "Providence favors our undertakings" and "Providence has favored our undertakings."
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879:
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727:
178:, to bring a proposal for the national seal. For the reverse, Barton suggested a 13-layered pyramid underneath the
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A 2024 publication in the
Associated Gospel Churches Journal explores the question as to whether
1531:
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289:(meaning "He favours our undertakings") and the other motto on the reverse of the Great Seal,
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Almighty, favour bold undertakings", just before slaying an enemy warrior, Numanus.
199:
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239:. When he provided his official explanation of the meaning of this motto, he wrote:
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295:(meaning "new order of the ages"), can both be traced to lines by the Roman poet
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97:
455:"Annuit Coeptis – Origin and Meaning of the Motto Above the Pyramid & Eye"
342:
and translates to "give an easy path and nod at our audacious undertakings."
109:. The literal translation is " favors (or "has favored") undertakings", from
1782:
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1309:
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124:("commencement, undertaking"). Because of its context as a caption above the
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672:
The Eagle and the Shield: A History of the Great Seal of the United States
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334:. In line I.40 of that work is the phrase "da facilem cursum atque
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The same language also occurred in an earlier poem of Virgil, the
186:("with God's favor", or more literally, "with God favoring") and
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318:
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52:
182:. The mottos which Barton chose to accompany the design were
136:
110:
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The Oxford
Handbook of Church and State in the United States
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69:
16:
Motto on the reverse of the Great Seal of the United States
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According to
Richard S. Patterson and Richardson Dougall,
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78:
55:
46:
669:
Patterson, Richard Sharpe; Dougall, Richardson (1978) .
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498:"Third Committee's Design for the Great Seal – 1782"
380:
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When designing the final version of the Great Seal,
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523:U.S. Department of State Bureau of Public Affairs
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280:
154:Barton explained that the motto alluded to the
1632:Dunlap broadside, Declaration of Independence
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1190:
735:
1038:Art and engraving on United States banknotes
311:Iuppiter omnipotens, audacibus adnue coeptis
119:
113:
1763:Seal of the president of the United States
1605:Secretary, Continental Congress, 1774-1789
1573:
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1197:
1183:
742:
728:
246:
135:
20:
664:(Spring 2024) Volume 4, No. 1, p. 13ff.
626:(Spring 2024) Volume 4, No. 1, p. 13ff.
429:List of U.S. state and territory mottos
1781:
1794:National symbols of the United States
1554:
1206:National symbols of the United States
1178:
723:
545:"The Great Seal of the United States"
516:"The Great Seal of the United States"
96:
1610:Journals of the Continental Congress
317:, the son of the hero of the story,
131:
1580:
1159:Citizens Coinage Advisory Committee
13:
1420:America (My Country, 'Tis of Thee)
1098:Counterfeit United States currency
750:United States currency and coinage
652:
472:Papers of the Continental Congress
309:, book IX, line 635, which reads,
14:
1805:
1678:Secretary, Treaty of Easton, 1758
699:
190:("Everlasting"). The pyramid and
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837:Bureau of Engraving and Printing
705:
383:
39:
1637:Great Seal of the United States
1525:When Johnny Comes Marching Home
630:
614:
597:
107:Great Seal of the United States
27:Great Seal of the United States
1600:Sons of Liberty (Philadelphia)
1392:Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean
1293:Liberty Enlightening the World
1164:Promotional fake denominations
1108:National Numismatic Collection
1048:Black Eagle Silver Certificate
903:America the Beautiful (silver)
584:
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537:
508:
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355:
1:
1399:The Stars and Stripes Forever
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281:Classical source of the motto
434:United States national motto
338:." The line is addressed to
118:("I approve, I favor"), and
98:[ˈannʊ.ɪtˈkoe̯ptiːs]
7:
1694:Thomson's Bible translation
1620:Second Continental Congress
1504:Battle Hymn of the Republic
1441:The Army Goes Rolling Along
658:Gardiner, Richard. (2024).
620:Gardiner, Richard. (2024).
483:MacArthur, John D. (2011).
376:
194:motto had come from a $ 50
170:appointed a design artist,
105:on the reverse side of the
10:
1810:
1615:First Continental Congress
995:Discontinued denominations
474:, item 23, folios 137–139.
365:, and the pyramid portion
1758:Articles of Confederation
1745:
1718:
1702:
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1497:The Washington Post March
1434:Lift Every Voice and Sing
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1212:
1030:
994:
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592:"Portraits & Designs"
251:Reverse monochrome detail
1371:The Star-Spangled Banner
933:American Palladium Eagle
556:Bureau of Public Affairs
552:U.S. Department of State
348:
321:, which translates to, "
25:The reverse side of the
1753:Continental Association
1518:You're a Grand Old Flag
1073:Continental dollar coin
938:American Liberty (gold)
928:American Platinum Eagle
918:American Buffalo (gold)
645:. Retrieved 11-25-2011.
637:Vergilius Maro, Publius
609:Oxford University Press
594:. Retrieved 11-25-2011.
487:. Retrieved 11-25-2011.
424:List of national mottos
1625:Confederation Congress
1532:This Land Is Your Land
1093:Canceled denominations
1088:Obsolete denominations
768:Federal Reserve System
590:U.S. Treasury (2010).
525:. July 2003. p. 5
336:audacibus annue cœptis
252:
245:
151:
120:
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29:
1539:Battle Cry of Freedom
1490:National Emblem March
1385:America the Beautiful
1068:Continental banknotes
908:American Silver Eagle
577:Bureau of Engraving,
419:List of Latin phrases
361:The note can be seen
260:U.S. State Department
258:is translated by the
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241:
139:
24:
1260:Pledge of Allegiance
1250:General Grant (tree)
1149:Replacement banknote
1043:Bicentennial coinage
773:Federal Reserve Note
716:at Wikimedia Commons
391:United States portal
313:. It is a prayer by
196:Continental currency
1650:Novus ordo seclorum
1346:Novus ordo seclorum
1291:Statue of Liberty (
1138:Novus ordo seclorum
1083:Large denominations
948:Current paper money
923:First Spouse (gold)
913:American Gold Eagle
401:Novus ordo seclorum
292:Novus ordo seclorum
232:Novus ordo seclorum
1469:The Air Force Song
1063:Confederate dollar
842:Mutilated currency
660:"Annuit Coeptis,"
622:"Annuit Coeptis,"
253:
152:
30:
1776:
1775:
1548:
1547:
1427:God Bless America
1406:Hail to the Chief
1315:West Potomac Park
1172:
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880:Half dollar (50¢)
710:Media related to
485:"Third Committee"
414:Eye of Providence
200:Francis Hopkinson
198:bill designed by
180:Eye of Providence
156:Eye of Providence
132:On the Great Seal
126:Eye of Providence
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1339:E pluribus unum
1333:In God We Trust
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1154:Sales tax token
1124:E pluribus unum
1118:In God We Trust
1113:Coin production
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829:The Dalles Mint
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303:comes from the
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92:Classical Latin
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1789:Latin mottos
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1671:Other events
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1483:Semper Supra
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1300:Liberty Bell
1292:
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1738:(1972 film)
865:Nickel (5¢)
823:Manila Mint
818:New Orleans
803:Carson City
763:U.S. dollar
662:AGC Journal
624:AGC Journal
235:instead of
227:Deo Favente
225:instead of
208:Deo Favente
184:Deo Favente
166:. In 1782,
164:omniscience
160:Deo favente
145:Deo Favente
1783:Categories
1719:Portrayals
1230:Bald eagle
1225:Great Seal
870:Dime (10¢)
860:Penny (1¢)
798:West Point
441:References
266:, and the
1284:Landmarks
1235:Uncle Sam
1144:Nicknames
1078:Funnyback
1022:$ 100,000
813:Dahlonega
808:Charlotte
778:U.S. Mint
529:August 7,
264:U.S. Mint
1687:Writings
1240:Columbia
1017:$ 10,000
681:78602518
377:See also
331:Georgics
315:Ascanius
237:Perennis
192:Perennis
188:Perennis
149:Perennis
1746:Related
1213:Symbols
1031:Related
1012:$ 5,000
1007:$ 1,000
689:4268298
611:, 2010]
323:Jupiter
121:coeptum
1326:Mottos
783:Denver
756:Topics
687:
679:
642:Aeneid
558:. 2003
319:Aeneas
306:Aeneid
297:Virgil
262:, the
103:mottos
1378:Dixie
1363:Songs
1275:Bison
1002:$ 500
986:$ 100
548:(PDF)
519:(PDF)
349:Notes
115:annuo
111:Latin
1735:1776
1727:1776
1703:Home
1265:Rose
1220:Flag
1103:Mill
981:$ 50
976:$ 20
971:$ 10
685:OCLC
677:LCCN
564:2011
531:2024
367:here
363:here
229:and
147:and
1270:Oak
966:$ 5
961:$ 2
956:$ 1
603:In
210:to
174:of
158:: "
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