882:, other fish, and even each other. When potential prey is first spotted, the frogfish follows it with its eyes. Then, when it approaches within roughly seven body-lengths, the frogfish begins to move its illicium in such a way that the esca mimics the motions of the animal it resembles. As the prey approaches, the frogfish slowly moves to prepare for its attack; sometimes this involves approaching the prey or "stalking", while sometimes it is simply adjusting its mouth angle. The catch itself is made by the sudden opening of the jaws, which enlarges the volume of the mouth cavity up to 12-fold, pulling the prey into the mouth along with water. The attack can be as fast as 6
1056:
907:
1144:
935:
to several days before the egg-laying, the abdomen of the female starts to swell as up to 180,000 eggs absorb water. The male begins to approach the female around two days before the spawning. Whether the spawn is predetermined by some external factor, such as the phase of the moon, or if the male is attracted to a smell or signal released by the female, is unknown. In all hitherto observed breeding pairs, one partner was noticeably larger than the other, sometimes as much as 10 times. When the gender could be determined, the larger partner was always the female.
1104:
1078:
73:
1162:
1126:
679:
667:
921:
1180:
724:, has no esca at all. Despite very specific mimicry in the esca, examinations of stomach contents do not reveal any specialized predation patterns, for example, only worm-eating fish consumed by frogfishes with worm-mimicking esca. If lost, the esca can be regenerated. In many species, the illicium and esca can be withdrawn into a depression between the second and third dorsal fins for protection when they are not needed.
752:
49:
843:
942:. Just before the spawning, the female begins to swim above the ocean floor toward the surface. At the highest point of their swim, they release the eggs and sperm before descending. Sometimes, the male pulls the eggs out of the female with his mouth. After mating, the partners depart quickly as otherwise the smaller male would likely be eaten. A few species are substrate-spawners, notably the
706:, the front-most of the three fins is called the illicium or "rod" and is topped with the esca or "lure". The illicium often has striped markings, while the esca takes a different form in each species. Because of the variety of colours even within a single species, the esca and illicium are useful tools to differentiate among different varieties. Some of them resemble fish, some
934:
The reproductive behavior of the normally solitary frogfish is still not fully researched. Few observations in aquaria and even fewer from the wild have been made. Most species are free-spawning, with females laying the eggs in the water and males coming in behind to fertilize them. From eight hours
698:
and their mouths are upward-pointed with palatal teeth. They are often brightly coloured, white, yellow, red, green, or black or spotted in several colours to blend in with their coral surroundings. Coloration can also vary within one species, making it difficult to differentiate between them.
976:
The eggs are 0.5–1 mm (0.020–0.039 in) in diameter and cohere in a gelatinous mass or long ribbon, which in sargassumfish are up to a metre (3.3 ft) long and 16 cm (6.5 in) wide. These egg masses can include up to 180,000 eggs. For most species, the eggs drift on the
866:
In open water, frogfishes can swim with strokes of the caudal fin. They also use jet propulsion, often used by younger frogfish. It is achieved by rhythmically gulping water and forcing it out through their gill openings, also called opercular openings, which lie behind their pectoral fins.
833:
Many frogfishes can change their colour. The light colours are generally yellows or yellow-browns, while the darker are green, black, or dark red. They usually appear with the lighter color, but the change can last from a few days to several weeks. What triggers the change is unknown.
693:
Frogfishes have a stocky appearance, atypical of fish. Ranging from 2.5–38 cm (0.98–14.96 in) long, their plump, high-backed, unstreamlined body is scaleless and bare, often covered with bumpy, bifurcated spinules. Their short bodies have between 18 and 23
1326:
Arnold, R. J.; R. G. Harcourt; and T. W. Pietsch (2014). "A new genus and species of the frogfish family
Antennariidae (Teleostei: Lophiiformes: Antennarioidei) from New South Wales, Australia, with a diagnosis and key to the genera of the Histiophryninae".
854:
to walk along the floor. They rarely swim, preferring to clamber over the sea bottom with their fins in one of two "gaits". In the first, they alternately move their pectoral fins forward, propelling themselves somewhat like a two-legged
587:. Their habitat lies for the most part between the 20 °C isotherms, in areas where the surface level water usually has a temperature of 20 °C (68 °F) or more. They extend beyond the 20 °C isotherms in the area of the
963:, which lay their eggs on a solid surface, such as a plant or rock. Some species guard their eggs, a duty assigned to the male in almost all species, while most others do not. Several species practice brood carrying, for example the
993:. After this stage, at a length between 15 and 28 mm (0.59 and 1.10 in), they have the form of adult frogfish and begin their lives on the sea floor. Young frogfish often mimic the coloration of poisonous
863:, whereby they move their pectoral fins simultaneously forward and back, transferring their weight to the pelvic fins while moving the pectorals forward. With either gait, they can cover only short stretches.
1541:
Shedlock, A.M.; Pietsch, T.W.; Haygood, M.G.; Bentzen, P.; Hasegawa, M. (2004). "Molecular systematics and life history evolution of anglerfishes (Teleostei: Lophiiformes): evidence from mitochondrial DNA".
850:
Frogfishes generally do not move very much, preferring to lie on the sea floor and wait for prey to approach. Once the prey is spotted, they can approach slowly using their pectoral and
890:
closed with a special muscle to keep the victim from escaping. In addition to expanding their mouths, frogfish can also expand their stomachs to swallow animals up to twice their size.
1041:, is the first proven fossil frogfish, believed to be most closely related to the extant Senegalese frogfish. In 2009, a new fossil from the upper Ypresian Stage of the early
555:
member of this grouping and represents a separate lineage from all other frogfishes, leading to some consideration of it being placed in its own family, the
Tathicarpidae.
213:. In keeping with this camouflage, frogfishes typically move slowly, lying in wait for prey, and then striking extremely rapidly, in as little as 6 milliseconds.
1824:
G. Carnevale1 & T.W. Pietsch: Filling the gap: a fossil frogfish, genus
Antennarius (Teleostei, Lophiiformes, Antennariidae), from the Miocene of Algeria
1055:
964:
1361:
1510:
1457:"Order LOPHIIFORMES (part 1): Families LOPHIIDAE, ANTENNARIIDAE, TETRABRACHIIDAE, LOPHICHTHYIDAE, BRACHIONICHTHYIDAE, CHAUNACIDAE and OGCOCEPHALIDAE"
493:
190:. Frogfishes are found in almost all tropical and subtropical oceans and seas around the world, the primary exception being the Mediterranean Sea.
938:
During the free-spawning courtship ritual, the male swims beside and somewhat behind the female, nudges her with his mouth, then remains near her
1995:
810:
For the scaleless and unprotected frogfish, camouflage is an important defense against predators. Some species can also inflate themselves, like
497:
1077:
893:
Slow-motion filming has shown that the frogfish sucks in its prey in just six milliseconds, so fast that other animals cannot see it happen.
2034:
599:, along the Atlantic coast of the United States, on the south coast of Australia and the northern tip of New Zealand, coastal Japan, around
1854:
759:
The unusual appearance of the frogfish functions to conceal it from predators and sometimes to mimic a potential meal to lure it in. In
1836:
G. Carnevalel & T.W. Pietsch. 2009. An Eocene frogfish from Monte Bolca, Italy: The earliest known skeletal record for the family
818:. In aquaria and in nature, frogfish have been observed, when flushed from their hiding spots and clearly visible, to be attacked by
1716:
1969:
1143:
253:
recognises 13 genera within the family but no subfamilies. Other authorities recognise two subfamilies, the
Antennariinae and the
1103:
2008:
1652:
1624:
1283:
2013:
2129:
1773:
870:
The sargassum frogfish has adapted fins which can grab strands of sargassum, enabling it to "climb" through the seaweed.
186:. Antennariids are known as anglerfish in Australia, where the term "frogfish" refers to members of the unrelated family
1125:
767:. Their unusual shape, colour, and skin textures disguise frogfish. Some resemble stones or coral, while others imitate
985:
while their digestive systems continue to develop. The young have long fin filaments and can resemble tiny, tentacled
1798:
1788:
1758:
2096:
2039:
658:, which often floats into the deeper ocean and has been known to take the sargassum fish as far north as Norway.
1520:
1371:
316:, an allusion to first dorsal spine being adapted into a tentacle on the snout used as a lure to attract prey.
2021:
383:
17:
1025:
was initially described as a frogfish, but was later thought to belong to the closely related extant genus
72:
1930:
1917:
1588:
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are between 0.8 and 1.6 mm (0.031 and 0.063 in) long. For the first few days, they live on the
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31:
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257:, while others treat these as two separate families. The Antennariidae is classified within the
244:
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715:
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Very few fossil remains of frogfishes have been found. In the northern
Italian formation at
544:, which other authorities treat as a subfamily of Antennariidae, the Histiophryninae. ‘kThe
1956:
1506:
1409:
1398:"Evolutionary history of anglerfishes (Teleostei: Lophiiformes): a mitogenomic perspective"
1357:
1267:
1091:
732:
623:, divers have found 9 different species. Frogfish live generally on the ocean floor around
510:
916:
does not tolerate the smaller male after fertilization, and may eat him if he stays close.
240:
The frogfish family, Antennariidae, was first proposed as a family in 1822 by the Polish
8:
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859:, leaving the pelvic fins out. Alternately, they can move in something like a slow
736:
674:, with upturned mouth, very distinct spinules, and esca in the form of a white worm
1948:
1720:
1396:; J. Orr; R. Arnold; T. Satoh; A. Shedlock; H. Ho; M. Shimazaki; M. Yabe (2010).
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205:. Many species can change colour; some are covered with other organisms such as
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886:. The water flows out through the gills, while the prey is swallowed and the
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with dark splotches instead of holes. In 2005, a species was discovered, the
455:
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329:
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1422:
1309:
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Bertelsen, E.; Pietsch, T.W. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.).
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The frogfish family, Antennariidae is divided into the following genera:
296:
1569:
1325:
666:
1607:
No recognised taxon options: order, family, genus, species, subspecies.
1213:
Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014).
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surface. After two to five days, the fish hatch and the newly hatched
1987:
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and other appendages to aid in camouflage. The camouflage aids in
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807:
have been known to crawl over the fish without recognizing them.
751:
592:
584:
576:
378:
221:
194:
193:
Frogfishes are small, short and stocky, and sometimes covered in
842:
1042:
1018:
943:
939:
827:
768:
707:
683:
600:
588:
229:
94:
967:, whose eggs are attached to the male, and those in the genus
294:
The frogfish family, Antennariidae, has its name derived from
2083:
1961:
1391:
792:
283:
216:
Few traces of frogfishes remain in the fossil record, though
206:
1045:
found in Monte Bolca, Italy was described as a new species,
860:
628:
1859:
1748:
1021:(45 million years ago), a 3-cm (1.2 in) fossil named
407:
634:
A few exceptions to these general limits are known. The
1505:
1356:
727:
Frogfish have small, round gill openings behind their
611:, Mexico. The greatest diversity of species is in the
1454:
1509:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
1360:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
2116:
1461:The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database
1049:, and is the oldest known member of the family.
973:, whose brood are carried in the pectoral fins.
1753:. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 138–139.
755:A frogfish disguised as an algae-covered stone
718:, and some simply a formless lump; one genus,
615:region, with the highest concentration around
1615:
1613:
787:is coloured to blend in with the surrounding
540:classify these genera in the separate family
1860:Website only about Frogfishes (Anglerfishes)
631:, at most to 100 m (330 ft) deep.
619:. In the small Lembeh Strait, north-east of
1583:
1781:
1610:
271:. The Antennariidae is regarded, with its
47:
1684:
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1678:
1646:
1644:
1431:
1421:
1254:
1252:
1250:
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1707:
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1701:
1699:
1697:
1455:Christopher Scharpf (14 November 2022).
841:
750:
677:
665:
1619:
1587:; Pauly, Daniel, eds. (February 2006).
1534:
1481:
1475:
1352:
1350:
1262:; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016).
1208:
1206:
1013:, formed from the sedimentation of the
14:
2117:
1744:
1742:
1675:
1641:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1448:
1362:"Genera in the family Histiophrynidae"
1247:
638:is at home in ocean waters as well as
1869:
1868:
1734:Crawling fish accepted as new species
1723:Shedd Aquarium Explore by Animal 2009
1694:
1321:
1319:
1215:"Family-group names of recent fishes"
1037:Algeria (3 to 23 million years ago),
2089:FD1087D9-FFA1-4A50-FF67-A2414CF1FA08
2050:bc933c24-291f-473c-8203-ebcdcad3ae34
1815:National Sea Life Center, Birmingham
1511:"Genera in the family Antennariidae"
1347:
1203:
846:Longlure frogfish realigning its jaw
286:within the suborder Antennarioidei.
1787:Pietsch TW and Grobecker DT (1987)
1739:
1554:
1499:
1385:
989:. For one to two months, they live
24:
1316:
791:. Some frogfish are covered with
25:
2146:
1843:
1812:Frogfish spawn on Valentine's Day
1778:Florida Museum of Natural History
1650:
1178:
1160:
1142:
1124:
1102:
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1004:
919:
905:
830:, and in aquaria, to be killed.
71:
1830:
1818:
1804:
1767:
1726:
1601:
1577:
896:
1521:California Academy of Sciences
1372:California Academy of Sciences
269:Lophiiformes, the anglerfishes
13:
1:
1266:(5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ:
1196:
1850:Tree of Life - Antennariidae
761:the study of animal behavior
654:lives in clumps of drifting
289:
7:
2130:Taxa named by Theodore Gill
837:
814:, by sucking in water in a
743:to control their buoyancy.
661:
235:
10:
2151:
1793:Stanford University Press,
873:
29:
1877:
1571:Antennariidae: Frogfishes
1232:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1
1033:. In 2005, a fossil from
319:
247:. The 5th edition of the
199:protection from predators
162:
157:
68:Scientific classification
66:
55:
46:
41:
32:Frogfish (disambiguation)
1623:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
1574:Tree of Life Web Project
1495:. February 2024 version.
1485:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
1402:BMC Evolutionary Biology
1023:Histionotophorus bassani
925:Striated frogfish mating
731:. With the exception of
558:
1790:Frogfishes of the world
1423:10.1186/1471-2148-10-58
803:can be so perfect that
563:Frogfishes live in the
1855:Frogfishes in Fishbase
1751:Encyclopedia of Fishes
1653:"Family ANTENNARIIDAE"
1589:"Family Antennariidae"
1487:"Family Antennariidae"
1110:Red ocellated frogfish
847:
756:
747:Mimicry and camouflage
690:
675:
636:brackishwater frogfish
174:are any member of the
2071:Paleobiology Database
1507:Eschmeyer, William N.
1463:. Christopher Scharpf
1358:Eschmeyer, William N.
1276:10.1002/9781119174844
1268:John Wiley & Sons
1070:Antennarius commerson
845:
754:
681:
669:
1689:Diving with Frogfish
1270:. pp. 508–518.
1092:Netherlands Antilles
1062:Commerson's frogfish
702:Rather than typical
579:, as well as in the
500:& Pietsch, 2014
245:Feliks Paweł Jarocki
201:and enables them to
61:Antennarius striatus
30:For other uses, see
1691:Dive the World 2009
1657:Fishes of Australia
1637:. Sep 2009 version.
1414:2010BMCEE..10...58M
1264:Fishes of the World
965:three-spot frogfish
763:, this is known as
404:Fishes of the World
401:The 5th edition of
250:Fishes of the World
1719:2007-10-11 at the
1713:Frogfish Factsheet
1084:Ocellated frogfish
1047:Eophryne barbuttii
1039:Antennarius monodi
848:
765:aggressive mimicry
757:
691:
676:
546:monospecific genus
228:is known from the
226:Eophryne barbuttii
220:is known from the
218:Antennarius monodi
2112:
2111:
2058:Open Tree of Life
1871:Taxon identifiers
1775:Striated Frogfish
1516:Catalog of Fishes
1367:Catalog of Fishes
1341:10.1643/CI-13-155
1285:978-1-118-34233-6
1136:A. multiocellatus
1132:Longlure frogfish
914:striated frogfish
777:striated frogfish
739:, frogfish use a
733:Butler's frogfish
672:striated frogfish
531:Catalog of Fishes
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57:Striated frogfish
16:(Redirected from
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1663:on 19 April 2014
1659:. Archived from
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1168:Painted frogfish
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1150:Scarlet frogfish
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779:, that mimics a
737:rough anglerfish
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27:Family of fishes
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878:Frogfishes eat
876:
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609:Baja California
571:regions of the
561:
542:Histiophrynidae
392:Nudiantennarius
322:
292:
277:Tetrabrachiidae
255:Histiophryninae
238:
224:of Algeria and
182:, of the order
147:
70:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2148:
2138:
2137:
2135:Antennarioidei
2132:
2127:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2093:
2080:
2067:
2054:
2044:
2031:
2018:
2005:
1992:
1979:
1966:
1953:
1940:
1927:
1914:
1899:
1883:
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1875:
1874:
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1844:External links
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1640:
1621:Froese, Rainer
1609:
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1585:Froese, Rainer
1576:
1553:
1533:
1498:
1483:Froese, Rainer
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1384:
1346:
1335:(3): 534–539.
1315:
1284:
1246:
1201:
1200:
1198:
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1194:
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1186:Warty frogfish
1184:
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1175:
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1121:
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1017:in the middle
1006:
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991:planktonically
911:
904:
903:
902:
901:
900:
898:
895:
875:
872:
839:
836:
816:threat display
748:
745:
682:A frogfish in
663:
660:
652:sargassum fish
597:Canary Islands
560:
557:
526:
525:
515:
502:
485:
483:Pietsch, 1984
475:
462:
460:Pietsch, 1984
452:
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398:
396:Schultz, 1957
388:
375:
362:
360:Schultz, 1957
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262:Antennarioidei
237:
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188:Batrachoididae
167:
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135:Antennarioidei
132:
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115:Actinopterygii
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1923:Antennariidae
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1909:Antennariidae
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1879:Antennariidae
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1005:Fossil record
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785:sargassumfish
782:
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738:
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730:
729:pectoral fins
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523:Ogilby, 1907
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456:Kuiterichthys
453:
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428:
427:
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409:
408:
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394:
393:
389:
385:
381:
380:
376:
372:
368:
367:
366:Fowlerichthys
363:
358:
357:
353:
349:
345:
344:
340:
336:
332:
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330:Abantennarius
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180:Antennariidae
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145:Antennariidae
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
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62:
58:
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
18:Antennariinae
1878:
1832:
1820:
1810:
1806:
1789:
1783:
1774:
1769:
1750:
1728:
1712:
1665:. Retrieved
1661:the original
1656:
1632:
1626:
1603:
1592:
1579:
1570:
1547:
1544:Steenstrupia
1543:
1536:
1524:. Retrieved
1514:
1501:
1490:
1477:
1465:. Retrieved
1460:
1450:
1405:
1401:
1387:
1375:. Retrieved
1365:
1332:
1328:
1263:
1260:Nelson, J.S.
1225:(2): 1–230.
1222:
1218:
1190:A. maculatus
1189:
1171:
1154:A. coccineus
1153:
1135:
1117:
1096:A. ocellatus
1095:
1069:
1046:
1038:
1026:
1022:
1015:Tethys Ocean
1008:
975:
970:Histiophryne
968:
958:
954:Phyllophryne
952:
948:Lophiocharon
946:
937:
933:
897:Reproduction
892:
884:milliseconds
877:
869:
865:
849:
832:
809:
783:, while the
758:
726:
721:Echinophryne
719:
701:
692:
648:river mouths
633:
613:Indo-Pacific
605:South Africa
581:Indian Ocean
562:
551:is the most
548:
535:
529:
527:
517:
504:
487:
479:Phyllophryne
477:
466:Lophiocharon
464:
454:
443:Histiophryne
441:
426:Echinophryne
424:
413:Allenichthys
411:
402:
400:
390:
377:
364:
354:
341:
328:
323:
309:
305:
295:
293:
279:as the most
273:sister taxon
248:
239:
225:
217:
215:
192:
184:Lophiiformes
179:
171:
170:
163:
144:
125:Lophiiformes
60:
36:
1983:iNaturalist
1903:Wikispecies
1134:, Bonaire,
1118:. ocellatus
1011:Monte Bolca
912:The female
880:crustaceans
852:pelvic fins
773:sea squirts
741:gas bladder
712:polychaetes
704:dorsal fins
688:Philippines
644:fresh water
569:subtropical
549:Tathicarpus
519:Tathicarpus
343:Antennarius
306:Antennarius
297:Antennarius
264:within the
2119:Categories
1550:: 129–144.
1394:T. Pietsch
1392:Miya, M.;
1294:2015037522
1197:References
1068:, Hawaii,
824:damselfish
812:pufferfish
801:camouflage
781:sea urchin
489:Porophryne
356:Antennatus
302:type genus
232:of Italy.
176:anglerfish
172:Frogfishes
131:Suborder:
1667:6 October
1408:(1): 58.
1310:25909650M
1302:951899884
1172:A. pictus
1114:St. Kitts
999:flatworms
995:sea slugs
987:jellyfish
960:Rhycherus
927:- YouTube
888:esophagus
820:clownfish
805:sea slugs
789:sargassum
716:tubeworms
696:vertebrae
656:sargassum
617:Indonesia
607:, and at
528:However,
506:Rhycherus
431:McCulloch
308:suffixes
290:Etymology
242:zoologist
203:lure prey
164:see text
91:Kingdom:
85:Eukaryota
42:Frogfish
1888:Wikidata
1826:Abstract
1736:NBC News
1717:Archived
1634:FishBase
1594:FishBase
1526:22 March
1492:FishBase
1467:23 March
1442:20178642
1377:22 March
1241:25543675
1031:handfish
983:yolk sac
857:tetrapod
838:Movement
799:. Their
797:hydrozoa
735:and the
662:Features
640:brackish
627:or rock
621:Sulawesi
595:and the
583:and the
573:Atlantic
565:tropical
537:FishBase
498:Harcourt
259:suborder
236:Taxonomy
211:hydrozoa
195:spinules
141:Family:
105:Chordata
101:Phylum:
95:Animalia
81:Domain:
1894:Q540454
1433:2836326
1410:Bibcode
1219:Zootaxa
1088:Bonaire
1035:Miocene
874:Hunting
828:wrasses
769:sponges
714:, some
710:, some
646:around
593:Madeira
585:Red Sea
577:Pacific
553:derived
513:, 1907
473:, 1933
471:Whitley
450:, 1863
437:, 1918
420:, 1984
418:Pietsch
386:, 1813
384:Fischer
379:Histrio
373:, 1941
371:Barbour
350:, 1816
337:, 1957
335:Schultz
314:antenna
281:derived
222:Miocene
178:family
158:Genera
150:Jarocki
121:Order:
111:Class:
2102:125484
2076:266327
2063:740935
2047:NZOR:
2040:241819
2014:164518
2001:114140
1797:
1757:
1440:
1430:
1329:Copeia
1308:
1300:
1292:
1282:
1239:
1043:Eocene
1019:Eocene
979:alevin
957:, and
944:genera
940:cloaca
861:gallop
826:, and
708:shrimp
684:Mactan
650:. The
601:Durban
589:Azores
511:Ogilby
494:Arnold
433:&
348:Daudin
320:Genera
300:, its
275:, the
230:Eocene
152:, 1822
2097:WoRMS
2084:Plazi
1996:IRMNG
1988:63279
793:algae
629:reefs
625:coral
559:Range
435:Waite
284:clade
266:order
207:algae
2035:NCBI
2009:ITIS
1975:7677
1970:GBIF
1962:5466
1931:BOLD
1795:ISBN
1755:ISBN
1669:2014
1528:2024
1469:2024
1438:PMID
1379:2024
1333:2014
1298:OCLC
1290:LCCN
1280:ISBN
1237:PMID
1223:3882
1066:Kona
642:and
575:and
567:and
534:and
448:Gill
310:-ius
2022:NBN
1957:EoL
1949:6GM
1944:CoL
1936:815
1918:AFD
1428:PMC
1418:doi
1337:doi
1272:doi
1227:doi
1116:, F
1029:or
997:or
795:or
771:or
312:to
209:or
2121::
2099::
2086::
2073::
2060::
2037::
2024::
2011::
1998::
1985::
1972::
1959::
1946::
1933::
1920::
1905::
1890::
1741:^
1696:^
1677:^
1655:.
1643:^
1631:.
1612:^
1591:.
1556:^
1548:28
1546:.
1519:.
1513:.
1489:.
1459:.
1436:.
1426:.
1416:.
1406:10
1404:.
1400:.
1370:.
1364:.
1349:^
1331:.
1318:^
1306:OL
1304:.
1296:.
1288:.
1278:.
1249:^
1235:.
1221:.
1217:.
1205:^
1188:,
1170:,
1152:,
1112:,
1094:,
1090:,
1086:,
1064:,
1001:.
951:,
822:,
686:,
670:A
603:,
591:,
496:,
304:.
59:,
1801:.
1763:.
1671:.
1629:"
1625:"
1597:.
1530:.
1471:.
1444:.
1420::
1412::
1381:.
1343:.
1339::
1312:.
1274::
1243:.
1229::
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
