524:. The family Antennariidae use a unique form of locomotion which includes a jet type like propulsion that involves breathing. Water is taken in from the mouth and expelled through tube like gill openings behind the pectoral fins that propel the fish forward by performing opercular exhalations The family generally has a globulous body shape with a large mouth upturned in the front of the body. This modification of increased oral cavity and reduced gill openings combined with pulsed water jet like propulsion expelled from breathing allow the fish to propel itself along the floor. They also have a unique jointed pectoral and pelvic fins that allow them to walk along the floor using their anterior dorsal fin in conjunction with their anal tail. Their fins are not modified for actual swimming therefore they remain benthic on the ocean floor. While frogfish have the ability to take in their surroundings and camouflage, they also have the ability to express batesian mimicry where they mimic other dangerous species such as the sea anemone to prevent predators from attacking. An example of such is frogfishes mimicking sea urchins resting on the floor. These fish also have a defense mechanism for when they are found by predators which includes swelling their body with water and remaining inflated to make swallowing difficult. Frogfish are carnivorous, mainly feeding on a diet of small marine fish and crustaceans, but have been known to perform in acts of cannibalism. A. striatus is one of the rare species of this family that exhibits a chemical attractant as well when fishing which is mainly used at night when light is unavailable. It is also observed that the esca is very susceptible to predators therefore the fish rolls it up close to the body when not hunting, and in some species, such as the
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365:, which otherwise has similar physical characteristics (stripes, coloration, cutaneous appendages) and with which it is often confused. The illicium has the same length as the second dorsal spine and it is often darkly banded. The second dorsal spine is practically vertical and is movable, while the third one is bent towards the back of the body. They are well separated from each other and also from the
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a certain environment, they are able to take in their settings and change color over the span of a few weeks to blend in with the surroundings. With the oceans gradually becoming warmer, their pH levels are lowering (becoming more acidic), causing the waters to hold less oxygen. This is greatly expressed in the coral reefs in regard to
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the lower jaw and extending the upper. The trick remains in gaining the preys attention by moving their illicium usually in an arch like or wiggly fashion to mimic that of a small distressed animal. Once the frogfish can bring their prey close enough, they are able to inhale their prey in six thousandths of a second.
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Frogfishes have the capacity to change coloration and pigment pattern, taking only a few weeks to adapt. The dominant coloration varies from yellow to brownish-orange, passing through a range of shades, but it can also be green, gray, brown, almost white, or even completely black without any pattern.
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As general daily temperatures continue to rise, this poses a big problem for the oceans and their inhabitants that rely on the ecosystems within to survive. The frogfish is no exception, as they are dependent on coral reefs to blend in and prey on smaller fish. After a frogfish has been subjected to
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they have a pocket like structure they can place the esca in between the second and third dorsal spine. Frogfish have one of the fastest eating methods known in the animal kingdom, the fish lacks any teeth and uses suction to inhale its food whole and live. They expand their oral cavity by lowering
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This species inhabits shallow, sandy areas or rocky and coral reefs to deep waters. It can be found from the surface to 210 m (690 ft) with average occurrence at 40 m (130 ft) deep. They often mimic coral or sponges around them to blend in with the environment known as cryptic
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where habitats are being lost daily. These acidic conditions bleach the coral, causing it to lose all color. As coral loses its color, the frogfish must adapt and overcome or become more vulnerable to predators. This is seen through the species
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resembling hairs. Its large mouth is forwardly extensible, allowing it to swallow prey as large as itself. The coloring of its body is extremely variable because individual fish tend to match their living environments.
943:
Arnold, R.J. & Pietsch, T.W. (2012) Evolutionary history of frogfishes (Teleostei: Lophiiformes: Antennariidae): a molecular approach. Molecular
Phylogenetics and Evolution, 62, 117–129.
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This small fish grows up to 22 cm (8.7 in) long. Like other members of its family, it has a rounded, extensible body, and its soft skin is covered with irregularly-arranged dermal
934:
Williams, Jeffrey T. 1989. "Book review of: Frogfishes of the World, by T. W. Pietsch and D. B. Grobecker" National
Geographic Research. ( ).. 5 (3):277-280.
355:) which, when waved, attracts unsuspecting prey. The dorsal spine is composed of two to seven elongated appendages. The lure is a way to easily distinguish
952:
Smith-Vaniz, W. and H. L. Jelks 2014. Marine and inland fishes of St. Croix, U. S. Virgin
Islands: an annotated checklist. Zootaxa 3803 (no. 1): 1-120.
420:. The only waters these fish are not found in are the Mediterranean and the Arctic. Williams (1989) and Arnold and Pietsch (2012), however, considered
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which will devour all right-sized prey that pass within reach, usually other fish, but sometimes even its own kind. It can swallow prey its own size.
789:"Order LOPHIIFORMES (part 1): Families LOPHIIDAE, ANTENNARIIDAE, TETRABRACHIIDAE, LOPHICHTHYIDAE, BRACHIONICHTHYIDAE, CHAUNACIDAE and OGCOCEPHALIDAE"
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5. Fish, F. E. (1987). Kinematics and Power Output of Jet
Propulsion by the Frogfish Genus Antennarius (Lophiiformes: Antennariidae).
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Body and fins can be marked with roughly parallel dark stripes or elongated blotches, some with rays radiating outward from the eye.
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308:), an allusion to its first dorsal spine being adapted into a tentacle on the snout used as a lure to attract prey. The
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7. Pietsch, T. W., & Grobecker, D. B. (1990). Science in
Pictures: Frogfishes. Scientific American, 262(6), 96–103.
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and solitary lifestyle. They gather during mating period, but do not tolerate each other any more after the act of
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where the frogfish has changed to a white color in order to blend in with the bleached coral in the Indian Ocean
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918:"Descriptions and articles about the Striated Frogfish (Antennarius striatus) - Encyclopedia of Life"
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Striated frogfish gather during the mating period but do not tolerate each other after fertilization.
347:, tips forward, and is modified for use like a fishing rod. Its tip has a characteristic worm-like
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315:(meaning "striped" or "streaked") refers to the numerous black streaks on the body of this fish.
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Grimsditch, G.; Basheer, A.; Bryant, D. E. (2016). "Extreme White
Colouration of Frogfish
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The striated frogfish is found in the tropical and subtropical waters from the
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McEachran, J.D.; Polanco
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639:}}: |volume= / |doi= mismatch, |date= / |doi= mismatch (
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657:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
622:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T16406979A16510007.en
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793:The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database
434:in having a bifid esca and 11-12 pectoral rays.
280:in the family Antennariidae within the suborder
221:, the frogfishes. This species is found in the
1072:Video of Antennarius striatus by Nies Damien
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424:a species complex, and the putative synonym
516:Like other members of its family, it has a
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787:Scharpf, Christopher (14 November 2022).
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296:The striated frogfish has the genus name
233:The striated frogfish was first formally
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1067:Antennarius striatus in www.frogfish.ch
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726:; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016).
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430:is apparently a distinct species from
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730:(5th ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey:
1289:251dfe96-308f-4097-82e4-da0764f59436
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863:
1338:IUCN Red List least concern species
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962:"Science in Pictures: Frogfishes".
907:"Encyclopedia of Life: Antennarius"
824:Pietsch TW and Grobecker DT (1987)
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608:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
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987:Due to Coral Bleaching Event".
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673:California Academy of Sciences
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286:Lophiiformes, the anglerfishes
263:, this species belongs to the
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478:The Insatiable Hairy Frogfish
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343:The first dorsal spine, the
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225:and eastern Atlantic Ocean.
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1343:Fish of the Atlantic Ocean
830:Stanford University Press,
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210:) is a species of marine
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615:: e.T16406979A115354869.
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376:are angled, and with the
241:by the English biologist
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70:Scientific classification
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1022:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
505:As with all frogfishes,
494:Striated Frogfish Mating
400:on the western coast of
827:Frogfishes of the world
1353:Fish described in 1794
850:"Antennarius striatus"
659:"Species in the genus
408:coast to the southern
328:
1087:on Sealife Collection
1036:. April 2012 version.
985:Antennarius maculatus
888:University of Florida
795:. Christopher Scharpf
740:10.1002/9781119174844
732:John Wiley & Sons
655:Eschmeyer, William N.
454:Antennarius maculatus
392:to the center of the
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276:classifies the genus
270:. The 5th edition of
1162:Antennarius_striatus
1149:Antennarius_striatus
1135:Antennarius striatus
1105:Antennarius striatus
1026:Antennarius striatus
922:Encyclopedia of Life
874:Antennarius striatus
734:. pp. 508–518.
696:Antennarius striatus
601:Antennarius striatus
422:Antennarius striatus
412:coast including the
362:Antennarius hispidus
257:. Within the genus
207:Antennarius striatus
179:Antennarius striatus
965:Scientific American
872:"Striated Frogfish
728:Fishes of the World
273:Fishes of the World
40:Conservation status
870:Bester, Cathleen.
427:Antennarius scaber
329:
24:Striated frogfish
1325:
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1097:Taxon identifiers
1085:Striated frogfish
749:978-1-118-34233-6
668:Catalog of Fishes
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284:within the order
214:belonging to the
198:striated frogfish
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127:Lophiiformes
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1348:Antennarius
1222:iNaturalist
1129:Wikispecies
989:Coral Reefs
854:frogfish.ch
702:frogfish.ch
661:Antennarius
628:29 December
530:A. randalli
507:A. striatus
432:A. striatus
378:pelvic fins
357:A. striatus
319:Description
298:Antennarius
278:Antennarius
260:Antennarius
243:George Shaw
237:in 1794 as
148:Antennarius
1332:Categories
1083:Photos of
758:2015037522
584:References
406:New Jersey
367:dorsal fin
995:(1): 167.
774:25909650M
766:951899884
637:cite iucn
511:carnivore
460:Behaviour
418:Caribbean
410:Brazilian
292:Etymology
249:given as
245:with its
235:described
155:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
1266:16406979
1240:10144980
1196:FishBase
1120:Q1519608
1114:Wikidata
1033:FishBase
893:30 March
799:30 March
708:30 March
678:30 March
416:and the
345:illicium
333:spinules
313:striatus
265:striatus
229:Taxonomy
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1214:5214795
518:benthic
498:YouTube
482:YouTube
438:Habitat
306:antenna
253:in the
189:, 1794)
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