107:
679:
444:
77:
918:
480:
adorned themselves with scents and scarlet-dyed cloth. The head of each 'arioi group was heavily tattooed from ankle to thigh and known as a blackleg. Both male and female blacklegs were a privileged group but they were forbidden to have children. Their babies were all killed at birth. They received and gave lavish presents. They had a wide range of artistic skills and could be priests, navigators and lore specialists. Only good-looking men or women could become 'arioi. They played a crucial role in ceremonies associated with birth, deaths and marriage.
1789:
1579:
1824:
1799:
1841:
715:
1809:
1630:
1908:
1952:
1921:
1971:
1768:
1934:
2076:
1015:
1568:
552:, with Tomás Gayangos as assistant, aboard the frigate "Águila". In the second expedition (1774-1775), Domingo de Bonechea and José Andía y Varela, aboard the ships "Águila" and "Júpiter", recognized or discovered a dozen islands between the archipelagos of Tuamotu and the Austral Islands, and established a mission in Tahiti, which lasted only a couple of years. Domingo de Bonechea, whose health was weakened, died during this expedition.
1001:
63:
1507:
114:
84:
572:
987:
436:), one of the most sacred places in the Society Islands. Other gods were created, and these ran directly into the time of the people. The high chiefs or ari'i rahi were descendants from the gods, reckoned to be forty generations previous. In their presence commoners showed respect by stripping to the waist. The high chiefs erected
479:
In the generations before
Europeans arrived, a cult called 'Oro-maro-'ura developed: the cult of the red-feathered girdle. This became a tangible symbol of the chief's power. Key followers of the 'Oro cult were the 'arioi, who lived separately from the common people. They wore scented flowers and
431:
The islanders explain their origins in terms of an orally transmitted story. The feathered god Ta'aroa lay in his shell. He called out but no-one answered, so he went back into his shell, where he stayed for aeons. When he came out he changed his body into the multi-layered dome of the sky. Other
1210:
P. V. Kirch: On the Road of the Winds – An
Archaeological History of the Pacific Islands Before European Contact; Berkeley, Los Angeles, London 2002, pp. 230–231. There is much debate as to the exact date of the original Polynesian migration to Tahiti, and indeed whether it came in one wave or
701:
The population of the islands is concentrated in the coastal regions and becomes increasingly sparse towards the mountainous center of the islands. The main island of Tahiti (Îles du Vent), where 50% of the inhabitants live, is also home to the capital of French
Polynesia, the city of
432:
parts of his body he transformed into Papa-fenua, the earth. Other parts he made into Te Tuma, the ata, or shadow of his phallus. Ta'aroa said, "Cast your eyes on my phallus. Gaze upon it and insert it in the earth." He came down to earth at "Opoa in Havai'i" (now
511:
on arrival and were keen to obtain fresh food. Europeans quickly found that the islanders were desperate to obtain iron, which was prized for use in woodworking and as fish-hooks. The sailors found that young women and girls were eager to exchange sex for a nail.
958:
On each island the religious situation is different. On Bora Bora, for example, there are more
Protestant Christians than Catholic Christians, as a result of the fact that the English arrived there before the French, however, both groups now regularly perform
522:, a French nobleman, sailor and soldier, left France on his circumnavigation of the globe in 1766. By the time he reached the Society islands in 1768, his crew was stricken with scurvy. Despite the crew being twice as numerous as that of the
547:
Manuel Amat y Juniet, organized three expeditions to the
Society Islands. Having news of James Cook's expedition and fearing a British colonization of the island, he ordered a first expedition under the command of the Spanish sailor
515:
The islanders were delighted at the abundance of iron on the ship and tried to board the ship in search of iron. Wallis reported that he shot cannon to maintain control of his vessel and the iron on board.
914:
In
January 1775 the priest Fray Jerónimo Clota celebrated the first Catholic mass on the islands. The Spanish did not remain in the area due to the continuing uprisings in other of their colonies.
686:
They have a population of 275,918 inhabitants (as of 2017). They cover a land area of 1,590 square kilometres (610 sq mi). The
Society Islands are a tropical South Sea archipelago of
556:
2147:
1734:
1756:
936:
responded to French complaints and forced the queen and
Tahitian chiefs to cede Tahiti as a French protectorate. In the 1880s France formally annexed the islands.
106:
1877:
932:
expelled French
Catholic missionaries from her kingdom in 1836 and provoked the annoyance of France. Between 1838 and 1842, French naval commander
1044:
2318:
1890:
1749:
947:
of
Papeete (Archidiocese of Papeete or Archidioecesis Papeetensis) with headquarters on the island of Tahiti. The Cathedral of Our Lady of the
2157:
907:
over the islands. By 1774 the Spanish had settled in the region briefly and installed a large cross that they brought from their colonies in
2096:
1764:
2060:
2637:
76:
1742:
1539:
1478:
402:, the sponsor of the first British scientific survey of the islands; however, Cook wrote in his journal that he called the islands
1162:
2632:
1272:
Stevenson, J (2017). "Polynesian colonization and landscape changes on Mo'orea, French Polynesia: The Lake Temae pollen record".
2262:
2196:
756:
723:
2287:
2111:
1870:
1433:
1401:
1172:
1129:
1102:
156:
2232:
2360:
1145:
1119:
1092:
1075:
2292:
2116:
2106:
1961:
1832:
1594:
583:
1956:
1827:
1642:
1331:
1199:
741:), which blooms exclusively on the Society Islands, is one of the most fragrant of all flowers and is now protected.
620:
2247:
2237:
1863:
1511:
1423:
1840:
1823:
1808:
1798:
1788:
1391:
779:. There are two seasons: a warm one, which lasts from November to March, and a cooler one, from April to October.
972:
2642:
2252:
2201:
2162:
2142:
2084:
2026:
1532:
1629:
2152:
2130:
933:
1657:
2311:
2176:
2101:
2045:
2033:
443:
2647:
2009:
1672:
1223:"High-precision radiocarbon dating shows recent and rapid initial human colonization of East Polynesia"
771:
and subtropical due to their size. The heat and very high humidity, together with the islands' fertile
665:
533:
376:
1999:
2327:
2267:
2242:
1052:
468:
678:
2627:
2257:
2075:
1994:
1525:
670:
540:
472:
526:, the islanders had sufficient food to trade their surplus for axes, knives and other iron goods.
2353:
2227:
944:
728:
The tropical forests of French Polynesia are home to a great variety of rare animals and plants.
2525:
2065:
900:
884:
1147:
Bora Bora : Polynésie Francaise ; Archipel de la Société ; Îles sous le Vent
1077:
Flore de la Polynésie française : îles de la société, Marquise, Pomotou, Gambier, Wallis
948:
519:
449:
272:
2457:
2277:
2215:
2021:
1986:
1281:
455:
939:
Today the Catholic Church owns at least 45 religious buildings in the area, all under the
8:
2377:
2272:
2050:
549:
1449:
1285:
917:
2492:
2346:
1297:
1249:
1222:
737:
484:
1517:
2555:
2482:
2410:
2055:
2038:
2004:
1939:
1812:
1713:
1429:
1397:
1327:
1301:
1254:
1195:
1168:
1125:
1098:
336:
50:
2014:
714:
579:
The islands are divided, both geographically and administratively, into two groups:
2545:
2447:
2427:
2395:
1886:
1776:
1767:
1552:
1289:
1244:
1234:
992:
372:
277:
2405:
2400:
1926:
1913:
1802:
1792:
1708:
1703:
1321:
895:
explorers, while the Catholics settled in the area first with the arrival of the
888:
776:
559:
in 1843 and a colony in 1880 under the name of French Establishments of Oceania (
419:
The first Polynesians are understood to have arrived on these islands around 1000
322:
36:
287:
2570:
2530:
2510:
2462:
2442:
1020:
1006:
940:
896:
755:
However, part of the underwater world of French Polynesia has been affected by
1578:
488:
2621:
2535:
2390:
1677:
1293:
881:
752:, around which butterfly and clown fish frolic. Manta rays also reside here.
504:
399:
348:
171:
158:
144:
1855:
1239:
2515:
2500:
2385:
1258:
1187:
904:
877:
695:
603:
251:
1662:
1619:
929:
2601:
2580:
2432:
2282:
1772:
691:
391:
344:
1604:
975:
is located in Tahiti and is the largest airport in the Society Islands.
2606:
1348:
529:
464:
395:
356:
62:
1609:
2369:
2188:
1647:
1014:
960:
732:
645:
640:
544:
384:
364:
221:
191:
1682:
1599:
1479:"À Tahiti et Bora-Bora, des catholiques au paradis sur terre? | RCF"
2575:
2420:
1976:
1844:
1723:
690:
origin. They represent the most economically important of the five
660:
2560:
1687:
903:
of the region, which was consolidated with the establishment of a
2585:
2550:
2540:
2467:
1667:
1652:
1567:
1094:
Tradition et modernité aux îles de la Société : Les racines
1000:
892:
772:
768:
703:
687:
655:
635:
630:
593:
460:
433:
368:
360:
225:
217:
2565:
2477:
2452:
1614:
1506:
1192:
Blue Latitudes: Boldly Going Where Captain Cook Has Gone Before
698:, which reaches 2,241 meters, located on the island of Tahiti.
608:
598:
508:
380:
352:
213:
209:
507:, landed on Tahiti. The captain and crew were quite sick with
2505:
2472:
749:
745:
650:
613:
437:
398:
during his first voyage in 1769, supposedly in honour of the
2338:
571:
2520:
2437:
908:
759:
conducted by the French government between 1966 and 1968.
1547:
876:
Most of the population of the Society Islands profess
731:
Above all, the islands are known for their olfactory
1450:"Papeete (Archdiocese) [Catholic-Hierarchy]"
1323:
Aphrodite's Island. The European Discovery of Tahiti
1211:
several. Some experts put it as late as 500–800 BCE.
1049:
Institut de la statistique de la Polynésie française
982:
1121:
L'archipel de la Société : Tahiti et ses îles
1117:
748:surrounding the islands are covered with numerous
971:Each of the Society Islands has a small airport.
2619:
953:Cathédrale Notre-Dame de l'Immaculée Conception
775:soils, have created dense, mostly inaccessible
42:
2354:
1885:
1871:
1750:
1533:
1118:Deschamps, Emmanuel; Deschamps, Aiu (2007).
330:
28:
2061:Annexation of the Leeward Islands by France
2361:
2347:
1878:
1864:
1757:
1743:
1540:
1526:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1220:
1164:Endeavour: The Ship That Changed the World
899:and permanently with the beginning of the
767:The climate of the islands varies between
694:of French Polynesia. The highest point is
394:is believed to have been named by Captain
61:
1390:Cinta, Joaquín de la Santa (2016-02-08).
1271:
1248:
1238:
891:. The Protestants arrived with the first
682:View of Mou'a Roa (880 m), Mo'orea Island
406:"as they lay contiguous to one another".
1090:
1073:
1039:
1037:
916:
713:
677:
570:
442:
1319:
1308:
113:
83:
2620:
724:Society Islands tropical moist forests
561:Établissements Français d'Océanie, EFO
426:
414:
2342:
1859:
1738:
1521:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1389:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1160:
1074:Castillo, Emmanuel Drake del (1893).
1034:
1421:
483:The Society Islands are home to the
383:. Geographically, they form part of
1396:(in Spanish). BibliotecaOnline SL.
494:
351:that includes the major islands of
235:1,590 km (610 sq mi)
13:
1466:
1410:
1378:
1346:
963:Christian acts and live together.
709:
487:, a UNESCO world heritage site on
14:
2659:
2638:Archipelagoes of French Polynesia
1701:Archipelagos of French Polynesia:
1499:
2074:
1969:
1950:
1932:
1919:
1906:
1839:
1822:
1807:
1797:
1787:
1766:
1628:
1577:
1566:
1505:
1013:
999:
985:
923:Église du Sacré-Coeur de Taravao
921:Sacred Heart Church in Taravao (
371:. Politically, they are part of
112:
105:
82:
75:
1442:
1365:
1347:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage.
1340:
1265:
1124:(in French). Éditions Le Motu.
16:Archipelago in French Polynesia
2633:Islands of the Society Islands
1214:
1204:
1181:
1154:
1138:
1111:
1084:
1067:
1:
2368:
1393:50 Héroes españoles olvidados
1167:. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
1027:
590:) (listed from east to west)
1353:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
966:
955:) stands out on the island.
934:Abel Aubert du Petit-Thouars
566:
126:Show map of French Polynesia
7:
1161:Moore, Peter (2019-05-14).
1097:(in French). IRD Editions.
1051:(in French). Archived from
978:
973:Faa'a International Airport
871:
539:Between 1772 and 1775, the
243:2,241 m (7352 ft)
10:
2664:
1454:www.catholic-hierarchy.org
1428:(in Spanish). Tantamount.
762:
721:
575:Bora Bora, Society Islands
409:
2594:
2491:
2483:Wallis and Futuna Islands
2376:
2305:
2223:
2214:
2184:
2175:
2138:
2129:
2092:
2083:
2072:
1985:
1897:
1783:
1696:
1637:
1626:
1589:
1559:
1221:Wilmshurst, J.M. (2011).
1091:Robineau, Claude (1984).
307:
299:
294:
283:
271:
262:
257:
247:
239:
231:
205:
197:
187:
150:
140:
135:
96:Show map of Pacific Ocean
69:
60:
24:
2097:Administrative divisions
1294:10.1177/0959683617715690
945:Metropolitan Archdiocese
718:Shark on the Moorea reef
503:, sailing under Captain
473:National Maritime Museum
1326:. Penguin/North Shore.
1240:10.1073/pnas.1015876108
885:Christian denominations
311:148/km (383/sq mi)
290: (pop. 29,828)
2066:Bombardment of Papeete
1373:Voyage autour du monde
1320:Salmond, Anne (2009).
1150:(in French). SU. 2005.
943:responsibility of the
926:
735:. The Tahitian tiaré (
719:
683:
576:
476:
440:as places of worship.
340:
332:Archipel de la Société
331:
326:
240:Highest elevation
43:
29:
2595:Polynesian-influenced
949:Immaculate Conception
920:
717:
681:
574:
555:The islands became a
520:Louis de Bougainville
446:
2643:Eastern Indo-Pacific
2022:Kingdom of Bora Bora
1514:at Wikimedia Commons
1349:"Taputapuātea"
1080:(in French). Masson.
534:Tahiti in April 1769
2493:Polynesian outliers
2378:Polynesian triangle
2273:Order of Tahiti Nui
2051:Franco-Tahitian War
2046:Monarchs of Raiatea
2034:Monarchs of Huahine
1286:2017Holoc..27.1963S
901:French colonization
784:
557:French protectorate
550:Domingo de Bonechea
427:Oral history origin
415:Dating colonization
168: /
21:
2197:Telecommunications
1425:Tahití y sus islas
1422:Ibarrola, Alonso.
927:
880:including various
782:
738:Gardenia taitensis
720:
684:
577:
485:Taputapuātea Marae
477:
327:Îles de la Société
284:Largest settlement
248:Highest point
172:17.533°S 149.833°W
30:Îles de la Société
19:
2648:Marine ecoregions
2615:
2614:
2411:Marquesas Islands
2336:
2335:
2301:
2300:
2210:
2209:
2171:
2170:
2158:Political parties
2148:High Commissioner
2125:
2124:
2056:Jarnac Convention
2039:House of Teururai
2005:Kingdom of Tahiti
2000:Polynesian people
1940:Marquesas Islands
1853:
1852:
1813:Marquesas Islands
1732:
1731:
1510:Media related to
1435:978-1-909929-08-1
1403:978-84-15998-44-0
1174:978-0-374-71551-9
1131:978-2-87923-225-6
1104:978-2-7099-0687-6
869:
868:
625:Îles Sous-le-Vent
315:
314:
177:-17.533; -149.833
2655:
2448:Pitcairn Islands
2428:Hawaiian Islands
2396:French Polynesia
2363:
2356:
2349:
2340:
2339:
2321:
2314:
2221:
2220:
2192:
2182:
2181:
2136:
2135:
2107:Cities and towns
2090:
2089:
2078:
1977:Tuamotus Islands
1975:
1973:
1972:
1962:Windward Islands
1955:
1954:
1953:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1887:French Polynesia
1880:
1873:
1866:
1857:
1856:
1843:
1833:Windward Islands
1826:
1811:
1801:
1791:
1777:French Polynesia
1771:
1770:
1759:
1752:
1745:
1736:
1735:
1632:
1595:Windward Islands
1581:
1570:
1553:French Polynesia
1542:
1535:
1528:
1519:
1518:
1509:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1475:
1464:
1463:
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1446:
1440:
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1419:
1408:
1407:
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1338:
1337:
1317:
1306:
1305:
1269:
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1262:
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1208:
1202:
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1142:
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1115:
1109:
1108:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1071:
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1041:
1023:
1018:
1017:
1009:
1004:
1003:
995:
993:Geography portal
990:
989:
988:
785:
781:
777:tropical forests
584:Windward Islands
495:European contact
422:
377:overseas country
373:French Polynesia
334:
278:French Polynesia
183:
182:
180:
179:
178:
173:
169:
166:
165:
164:
161:
127:
116:
115:
109:
97:
86:
85:
79:
65:
54:
46:
40:
32:
22:
18:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2628:Society Islands
2618:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2590:
2487:
2416:Society Islands
2406:Gambier Islands
2401:Austral Islands
2372:
2367:
2337:
2332:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2297:
2206:
2190:
2167:
2121:
2079:
2070:
1981:
1970:
1968:
1957:Leeward Islands
1951:
1949:
1945:Society Islands
1933:
1931:
1927:Gambier Islands
1920:
1918:
1914:Austral Islands
1907:
1905:
1893:
1884:
1854:
1849:
1845:Tuamotu Islands
1828:Leeward Islands
1818:Society Islands
1803:Gambier Islands
1793:Austral Islands
1779:
1765:
1763:
1733:
1728:
1692:
1643:Leeward Islands
1633:
1624:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1555:
1549:Society Islands
1546:
1512:Society Islands
1502:
1497:
1496:
1487:
1485:
1477:
1476:
1467:
1458:
1456:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1436:
1420:
1411:
1404:
1388:
1379:
1370:
1366:
1357:
1355:
1345:
1341:
1334:
1318:
1309:
1280:(12): 1963–75.
1270:
1266:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1205:
1186:
1182:
1175:
1159:
1155:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1132:
1116:
1112:
1105:
1089:
1085:
1072:
1068:
1058:
1056:
1055:on 27 June 2019
1043:
1042:
1035:
1030:
1019:
1012:
1005:
998:
991:
986:
984:
981:
969:
930:Queen Pōmare IV
889:Catholic Church
874:
783:Climatic Table
765:
726:
712:
710:Fauna and flora
621:Leeward Islands
569:
541:viceroy of Peru
497:
463:, commanded by
429:
420:
417:
412:
381:French Republic
319:Society Islands
267:
176:
174:
170:
167:
162:
159:
157:
155:
154:
131:
130:
129:
128:
125:
124:
123:
122:
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120:Society Islands
117:
100:
99:
98:
95:
94:
93:
92:
91:
90:Society Islands
87:
56:
55:
48:
34:
20:Society Islands
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2612:
2610:
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26:Native name:
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2248:Demographics
2238:Coat of arms
1944:
1902:Archipelagos
1901:
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1773:Archipelagos
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1593:
1548:
1486:. Retrieved
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1457:. Retrieved
1453:
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1367:
1356:. Retrieved
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1057:. Retrieved
1053:the original
1048:
1045:"Population"
970:
957:
952:
938:
928:
922:
913:
905:protectorate
878:Christianity
875:
862:26.6 °C
859:26.3 °C
856:25.6 °C
853:25.0 °C
850:24.6 °C
847:24.7 °C
844:25.2 °C
841:26.4 °C
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835:27.4 °C
832:27.1 °C
829:27.0 °C
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685:
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588:Îles du Vent
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499:In 1767 HMS
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475:, Greenwich.
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318:
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308:Pop. density
295:Demographics
273:Collectivity
264:
252:Mont Orohena
2602:Lau Islands
2556:Ontong Java
2433:New Zealand
2283:Polynesians
532:arrived in
392:archipelago
345:archipelago
341:Tōtaiete mā
188:Archipelago
175: /
151:Coordinates
44:Tōtaiete mā
2622:Categories
2607:Madagascar
2191:(currency)
2189:CFP franc
1904: :
1488:2021-08-22
1459:2021-08-22
1358:2024-04-22
1028:References
961:ecumenical
882:Protestant
530:James Cook
465:James Cook
450:Resolution
396:James Cook
300:Population
2370:Polynesia
2278:Mythology
2263:Languages
2253:Education
2202:Transport
2163:President
2143:Elections
2112:Volcanoes
2085:Geography
1995:Marquesas
1719:Societies
1714:Marquesas
1663:Maupihaʻa
1648:Bora Bora
1620:Tetiʻaroa
1302:132920438
967:Transport
925:), Tahiti
824:December
812:September
733:landscape
646:Bora Bora
604:Teti'aroa
567:Geography
456:Discovery
385:Polynesia
365:Bora Bora
343:) are an
222:Bora Bora
192:Polynesia
136:Geography
2576:Sikaiana
2546:Nukumanu
2421:Tuamotus
2328:Category
2288:Religion
2233:Category
2153:Assembly
2131:Politics
2117:Wildlife
2027:Monarchs
2010:Monarchs
1891:articles
1724:Tuamotus
1709:Gambiers
1704:Australs
1678:Raʻiātea
1673:Motu One
1605:Mehetiʻa
1274:Holocene
1259:21187404
979:See also
887:and the
872:Religion
821:December
818:November
791:February
773:volcanic
769:tropical
688:volcanic
666:Motu One
545:Spaniard
489:Ra’iātea
434:Ra'iatea
337:Tahitian
163:149°50′W
141:Location
51:Tahitian
2586:Tikopia
2571:Rennell
2551:Nukuoro
2541:Nuguria
2511:Bellona
2468:Tokelau
2312:Outline
2216:Culture
2177:Economy
2102:Climate
1987:History
1668:Maupiti
1658:Manuaʻe
1653:Huahine
1610:Moʻorea
1375:(1771).
1282:Bibcode
1250:3033267
897:Spanish
893:English
815:October
788:January
763:Climate
704:Papeete
661:Mopelia
656:Maupiti
636:Raiatea
631:Huahine
594:Mehetia
524:Dolphin
501:Dolphin
461:Huahine
410:History
404:Society
379:of the
369:Huahine
361:Raiatea
357:Moʻorea
226:Huahine
218:Raiatea
160:17°32′S
2566:Pileni
2526:Futuna
2478:Tuvalu
2453:Rotuma
2293:Sports
2228:Anthem
1974:
1937:
1924:
1911:
1889:
1683:Tahaʻa
1615:Tahiti
1600:Maiʻao
1483:rcf.fr
1432:
1400:
1330:
1300:
1257:
1247:
1198:
1171:
1128:
1101:
1059:7 June
809:August
750:corals
746:atolls
671:Manuae
641:Taha'a
609:Moorea
599:Tahiti
543:, the
509:scurvy
421:
353:Tahiti
323:French
288:Fa'a'ā
265:France
214:Moorea
210:Tahiti
47:
37:French
33:
2581:Takuu
2561:Ouvéa
2506:Anuta
2501:Aniwa
2473:Tonga
2319:Index
2268:Music
2243:Dance
1688:Tūpai
1298:S2CID
797:April
794:March
651:Tupai
614:Maiao
438:marae
375:, an
2536:Mele
2521:Emae
2438:Niue
2258:Flag
1430:ISBN
1398:ISBN
1328:ISBN
1255:PMID
1227:PNAS
1196:ISBN
1169:ISBN
1126:ISBN
1099:ISBN
1061:2019
909:Peru
806:July
803:June
744:The
453:and
447:HMS
423:AD.
390:The
367:and
317:The
232:Area
1775:of
1551:of
1290:doi
1245:PMC
1235:doi
1231:108
800:May
459:in
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951:(
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321:(
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49:(
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35:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
