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has daisy-like white flowers and procumbent stems; the leaves are alternate, bipinnate, finely dissected, and downy to glabrous. The solitary, terminal flowerheads, rising 20–30 cm (8–12 in) above the ground, consist of prominent yellow disk flowers and silver-white ray flowers. The
638:
It can be used to create a fragrant chamomile lawn. A chamomile lawn needs light soil, adequate moisture, and sun to thrive. Each square meter contains 83–100 plants. The lawn is only suitable to light foot traffic or in places where mower access is difficult.
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population was caused by the drainage of wet grasslands, decrease in grazing, and the reduction of pasture that was used as arable fields. There is speculation that wild plant collecting may also be a cause of this species population decline.
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Although the species population is declining there are a few plants placed in at least one land and water protected area. There are no educational awareness programs, international legislations, or international management for this species.
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flowering time in the
Northern Hemisphere is June and July, and its fragrance is sweet, crisp, fruity and herbaceous. Although the plant is often confused with German chamomile (
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found in dry fields and around gardens and cultivated grounds in Europe, North
America, and South America. Its synonym is
1002:
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423:) because of its putative therapeutic properties, which were believed to be better than those of the German chamomile (
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Chamomile is likely unsafe for use during pregnancy, and its topical use for skin disorders may cause
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but the plant population trend in the UK is decreasing at a significant rate. This decline in the
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958:. Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products, European Medicines Agency. 22 November 2011
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30:"Ground apple" redirects here. For the plant known as "Peruvian ground apple", see
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756:. National Library of Medicine, US National Institutes of Health. 21 June 2019
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1897 illustration from Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's
Medizinal-Pflanzen
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353:
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1078:"Roman Chamomile: a forgotten treasure | Mecklenburgh Square Garden"
414:), "apple", so-called because of the apple-like scent of the plant.
1919:
1718:
1656:
1222:
1103:
Group), Sonia Khela (Cave
Invertebrate Specialist (26 March 2013).
978:"Chamaemelum nobile Chamomile, Roman chamomile PFAF Plant Database"
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Chamomile : medicinal, biochemical, and agricultural aspects
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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Edible
Medicinal And Non-Medicinal Plants: Volume 7, Flowers
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practices approved in
Germany include use of chamomile as a
237:
495:
and the Welsh coastline - with populations found north of
1105:"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Chamaemelum nobile"
531:
was listed first in the pharmacopoeia of Würtenberg as a
596:
products. The plant may be used to flavor foods and in
642:
417:
The plant obtained the name "nobile" (Latin "noble"
827:Gualtiero Simonetti (1990). Stanley Schuler (ed.).
826:
828:
543:was used as a symbol of dedication to their gods.
1978:
934:. Heidelberg: Spektrum Akademischer Verlag GmbH.
831:Simon & Schuster's Guide to Herbs and Spices
686:The plant has diverse common names, among which
1133:"Chamomile – Chamaemelum nobile | Plants | Kew"
674:. Consuming chamomile tea may adversely affect
953:"Assessment report on Chamaemelum nobile (L.)"
604:in the belief it is a calming agent to reduce
523:gardeners, and the plant became a mainstay of
348:is one source of the herbal product known as
929:
930:Hiller, Karl; Melgiz, Matthias F. (1999).
73:
47:
822:
820:
653:studies confirming its medicinal efficacy
600:, perfumes, and cosmetics. It is used in
1011:Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland
855:
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907:. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short.
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14:
1979:
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891:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
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394:The word chamomile and the genus name
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1203:
1127:
1125:
1098:
1096:
1094:
932:Lexikon der Arzneipflanzen und Drogen
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483:and portions of Wales - primarily in
316:, with various common names, such as
1938:7762fc61-b224-4c04-8ae4-8ba36b0e6de9
1886:d996a466-393e-466d-a059-90a1a62bc6e0
1685:b8349d7d-a3c9-4823-a197-45816d8b17e9
1535:ff11a673-3504-4400-994c-d5586ba38963
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1987:IUCN Red List least concern species
1109:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
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24:
1122:
1091:
713:
694:are used during the 21st century.
554:is listed as least concern on the
25:
2018:
1053:"Chamomile | The Wildlife Trusts"
920:
643:Folk medicine and adverse effects
1912:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:177477-1
1636:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:192489-1
1181: This article incorporates
1176:
766:
366:established medicinal properties
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1194:U.S. National Cancer Institute
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681:
631:), acetylene derivatives, and
499:considered to be naturalised.
406:), "earth-apple", from χαμαί (
371:
13:
1:
835:. Simon & Schuster, Inc.
805:. Drugs.com. 10 December 2020
697:
627:(including the blue compound
435:Roman chamomile is native to
511:L.) has a history of use in
410:), "on the ground" + μήλον (
389:
7:
2007:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
539:in 1598 in Rome. In Egypt,
10:
2023:
1189:Dictionary of Cancer Terms
663:or inhalant for mouth and
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527:across the British Isles.
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29:
1708:
1212:
860:. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
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244:
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215:
95:Scientific classification
93:
71:
62:
55:
46:
41:
2002:Plants described in 1753
352:using dried flowers for
893:A Greek-English Lexicon
570:
1183:public domain material
1057:www.wildlifetrusts.org
856:Moumita., Das (2014).
290:
278:
270:
425:Matricaria chamomilla
383:Matricaria chamomilla
284:
276:
266:
1003:"Chamaemelum nobile"
657:Alternative medicine
584:or dried flowers of
513:traditional medicine
298:, commonly known as
479:, it grows wild in
364:. Chamomile has no
65:Conservation status
1587:Chamaemelum nobile
1382:Chamaemelum nobile
1317:Chamaemelum_nobile
1281:chamaemelum-nobile
1244:Chamaemelum nobile
1214:Chamaemelum nobile
910:A Latin Dictionary
672:contact dermatitis
661:topical medication
586:Chamaemelum nobile
560:Chamaemelum nobile
552:Chamaemelum nobile
541:chamaemelum nobile
537:chamaemelum nobile
377:Chamaemelum nobile
295:Chamaemelum nobile
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287:Chamaemelum nobile
279:
271:
268:Chamaemelum nobile
226:Chamaemelum nobile
57:Chamaemelum nobile
1974:
1973:
1569:Open Tree of Life
1206:Taxon identifiers
754:"Roman chamomile"
665:respiratory tract
647:Although used in
507:Roman chamomile (
322:English chamomile
285:Roman chamomile (
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260:
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27:Species of plants
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326:garden chamomile
313:Anthemis nobilis
254:Anthemis nobilis
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82:
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18:Anthemis nobilis
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692:sweet chamomile
688:Roman chamomile
684:
651:, there are no
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318:Roman chamomile
308:perennial plant
289:) essential oil
277:Roman chamomile
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302:(also spelled
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1238:Wikispecies
1142:11 December
1137:www.kew.org
1114:11 December
1083:10 December
1037:5 September
1026:"Chamomile"
987:5 September
889:Chamaimelon
803:"Chamomile"
682:Other names
633:polyphenols
629:chamazulene
598:herbal teas
533:carminative
521:Elizabethan
517:Middle Ages
404:chamaimēlon
396:Chamaemelum
372:Description
195:Chamaemelum
138:Angiosperms
1981:Categories
1610:gcc-113893
1605:Plant List
1288:Calflora:
1031:PlantAtlas
962:7 February
895:at Perseus
809:7 February
760:5 February
719:T. K. Lim
698:References
515:since the
497:Derbyshire
493:New Forest
342:whig plant
184:Asteraceae
42:Chamomile
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1725:Q15281388
1369:200023646
1160:. rhs.org
876:881886704
616:contains
590:hair care
577:Chamomile
529:C. nobile
509:C. nobile
390:Etymology
358:fragrance
354:flavoring
350:chamomile
346:C. nobile
300:chamomile
202:Species:
174:Asterales
108:Kingdom:
1933:VicFlora
1920:Tropicos
1863:10455942
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1756:BioLib:
1719:Wikidata
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1062:7 August
982:pfaf.org
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594:skincare
582:Extracts
556:Red List
489:Dartmoor
485:Cornwall
471:and the
461:Portugal
360:used in
304:camomile
246:Synonyms
180:Family:
164:Asterids
151:Eudicots
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1964:1175355
1925:2724354
1824:3105279
1780:Ecocrop
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1164:21 July
678:drugs.
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503:History
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465:Morocco
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190:Genus:
170:Order:
112:Plantae
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491:, the
473:Azores
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1959:WoRMS
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1793:EUNIS
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1649:29189
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1006:(PDF)
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610:sleep
475:. In
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412:mēlon
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1520:NCBI
1468:IUCN
1455:ITIS
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1403:GRIN
1390:GBIF
1338:EPPO
1304:TKFW
1291:1918
1263:APNI
1166:2015
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872:OCLC
862:ISBN
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762:2021
592:and
571:Uses
439:and
238:All.
1946:WFO
1806:FNA
1767:CoL
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