20:
69:. In SLE, anti-DNA antibodies and anti-cardiolipin antibodies may be present individually or together; the two types of antibodies act independently. This is in contrast to rheumatoid arthritis with systemic sclerosis (
285:
Harris EN, Gharavi AE, Boey ML, et al. (1983). "Anticardiolipin antibodies: detection by radioimmunoassay and association with thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus".
246:"Antinuclear antibody, lupus anticoagulant, and anticardiolipin antibody in women with idiopathic habitual abortion. A controlled, prospective study of forty-four women"
433:"Anti-phospholipid antibodies are directed against a complex antigen that includes a lipid-binding inhibitor of coagulation: beta 2-glycoprotein I (apolipoprotein H)"
122:
and is required for the recognition of ACA in autoimmune disease. Only a subset of autoimmune anti-cardiolipin antibodies bind Apo-H, these
711:
98:
508:
777:
661:
148:"Effect of 2-mercaptoethanol treatment on anticardiolipin reactivity in sera from syphilitics and false positive reactors"
73:) because anti-cardiolipin antibodies are present in both conditions, and therefore may tie the two conditions together.
716:
750:
690:
541:
800:
578:
123:
568:
66:
54:
355:
Keane A, Woods R, Dowding V, Roden D, Barry C (1987). "Anticardiolipin antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis".
501:
62:
706:
678:
633:
561:
609:
593:
328:
Harris EN, Gharavi AE, Loizou S, et al. (1985). "Crossreactivity of antiphospholipid antibodies".
795:
534:
46:
732:
598:
821:
755:
623:
494:
58:
683:
551:
525:
766:
444:
392:"Anticardiolipin antibodies in systemic sclerosis: immunological and clinical associations"
8:
737:
546:
50:
448:
408:
391:
310:
221:
196:
172:
147:
298:
772:
472:
467:
432:
413:
372:
337:
302:
267:
226:
177:
368:
314:
462:
452:
403:
364:
294:
257:
216:
208:
167:
159:
119:
744:
244:
Petri M, Golbus M, Anderson R, Whiting-O'Keefe Q, Corash L, Hellmann D (1987).
815:
457:
517:
262:
245:
476:
417:
376:
341:
306:
271:
230:
181:
212:
163:
70:
38:
616:
97:, ACA are beta-2 glycoprotein independent and can be assayed using the
243:
652:
588:
389:
573:
94:
42:
24:
486:
284:
194:
327:
671:
666:
430:
197:"Anticardiolipin antibodies: occurrence in Behçet's syndrome"
90:
In autoimmune disease, ACA are beta-2 glycoprotein dependent
76:
Anti-cardiolipin antibodies can be classified in two ways:
19:
583:
431:
McNeil HP, Simpson RJ, Chesterman CN, Krilis SA (1990).
390:
Malia RG, Greaves M, Rowlands LM, et al. (1988).
354:
145:
195:
Hull RG, Harris EN, Gharavi AE, et al. (1984).
813:
330:Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Immunology
106:
502:
141:
139:
146:Tringali GR, Julian AJ, Halbert WM (1969).
509:
495:
424:
383:
348:
321:
278:
237:
188:
136:
126:are associated with increased thrombosis.
466:
456:
407:
261:
220:
171:
99:Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test
41:and found in several diseases, including
152:The British Journal of Venereal Diseases
37:) are antibodies often directed against
18:
87:-glycoprotein dependent or independent
61:, idiopathic spontaneous abortion, and
814:
490:
13:
516:
14:
833:
124:anti-apolipoprotein antibodies
1:
369:10.1093/rheumatology/26.5.346
299:10.1016/S0140-6736(83)91267-9
129:
55:vertebrobasilar insufficiency
437:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
107:Apolipoprotein H involvement
63:systemic lupus erythematosus
23:Schematic representation of
7:
662:Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic
634:Anti-mitochondrial antibody
67:anti-mitochondrial antibody
31:Anti-cardiolipin antibodies
10:
838:
778:Anti-citrullinated peptide
65:(SLE). They are a form of
788:
725:
699:
650:
632:
569:Anti-topoisomerase/Scl-70
524:
47:antiphospholipid syndrome
691:Anti-TPO/Antimicrosomal
458:10.1073/pnas.87.11.4120
118:has been identified as
263:10.1002/art.1780300601
27:
751:Anti-transglutaminase
526:Anti-nuclear antibody
22:
213:10.1136/ard.43.5.746
164:10.1136/sti.45.3.202
16:Type of autoantibody
801:Anti-apolipoprotein
738:Lupus anticoagulant
449:1990PNAS...87.4120M
293:(8361): 1211–1214.
51:livedoid vasculitis
789:Multiple locations
679:Anti-smooth muscle
396:Clin. Exp. Immunol
80:As IgM, IgG or IgA
28:
809:
808:
796:Anti-phospholipid
773:Rheumatoid factor
443:(11): 4120–4124.
59:Behçet's syndrome
829:
758:not autoantibody
707:Anti-ganglioside
642:Anti-cardiolipin
511:
504:
497:
488:
487:
481:
480:
470:
460:
428:
422:
421:
411:
387:
381:
380:
357:Br. J. Rheumatol
352:
346:
345:
325:
319:
318:
282:
276:
275:
265:
241:
235:
234:
224:
192:
186:
185:
175:
143:
120:apolipoprotein H
837:
836:
832:
831:
830:
828:
827:
826:
812:
811:
810:
805:
784:
745:Coeliac disease
721:
695:
646:
628:
610:Anti-centromere
520:
515:
485:
484:
429:
425:
388:
384:
353:
349:
326:
322:
283:
279:
250:Arthritis Rheum
242:
238:
201:Ann. Rheum. Dis
193:
189:
144:
137:
132:
116:-glycoprotein I
115:
109:
86:
17:
12:
11:
5:
835:
825:
824:
822:Autoantibodies
807:
806:
804:
803:
798:
792:
790:
786:
785:
783:
782:
781:
780:
775:
762:
761:
760:
759:
753:
741:
740:
735:
729:
727:
723:
722:
720:
719:
717:Anti-glutamate
714:
709:
703:
701:
697:
696:
694:
693:
688:
687:
686:
676:
675:
674:
669:
658:
656:
648:
647:
645:
644:
638:
636:
630:
629:
627:
626:
620:
619:
613:
612:
606:
605:
604:
603:
602:
601:
596:
591:
586:
576:
571:
557:
556:
555:
554:
549:
544:
530:
528:
522:
521:
518:Autoantibodies
514:
513:
506:
499:
491:
483:
482:
423:
382:
363:(5): 346–350.
347:
320:
277:
256:(6): 601–606.
236:
207:(5): 746–748.
187:
134:
133:
131:
128:
113:
108:
105:
104:
103:
102:
101:
91:
84:
81:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
834:
823:
820:
819:
817:
802:
799:
797:
794:
793:
791:
787:
779:
776:
774:
771:
770:
769:
768:
764:
763:
757:
754:
752:
749:
748:
746:
743:
742:
739:
736:
734:
733:Anti-thrombin
731:
730:
728:
726:Extracellular
724:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
704:
702:
700:Cell membrane
698:
692:
689:
685:
682:
681:
680:
677:
673:
670:
668:
665:
664:
663:
660:
659:
657:
654:
649:
643:
640:
639:
637:
635:
631:
625:
622:
621:
618:
615:
614:
611:
608:
607:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
581:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
566:
565:
563:
559:
558:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
539:
538:
536:
532:
531:
529:
527:
523:
519:
512:
507:
505:
500:
498:
493:
492:
489:
478:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
427:
419:
415:
410:
405:
402:(3): 456–60.
401:
397:
393:
386:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
351:
343:
339:
335:
331:
324:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
281:
273:
269:
264:
259:
255:
251:
247:
240:
232:
228:
223:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
191:
183:
179:
174:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
142:
140:
135:
127:
125:
121:
117:
100:
96:
92:
89:
88:
82:
79:
78:
77:
74:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
26:
21:
765:
756:Anti-gliadin
641:
624:Anti-histone
560:
533:
440:
436:
426:
399:
395:
385:
360:
356:
350:
333:
329:
323:
290:
286:
280:
253:
249:
239:
204:
200:
190:
158:(3): 202–4.
155:
151:
111:
110:
75:
34:
30:
29:
71:scleroderma
39:cardiolipin
684:Anti-actin
617:Anti-dsDNA
552:Anti-sp100
542:Anti-gp210
336:(1): 1–6.
130:References
653:cytoplasm
589:Anti-nRNP
816:Category
712:Anti-GBM
655:antibody
574:Anti-Jo1
547:Anti-p62
315:36643723
95:syphilis
43:syphilis
25:antibody
599:Anti-La
594:Anti-Ro
584:Anti-Sm
477:2349221
445:Bibcode
418:2974767
409:1541778
377:3664159
342:3981615
307:6139567
272:3111489
231:6497467
222:1001520
182:5346419
173:1048465
672:P-ANCA
667:C-ANCA
475:
465:
416:
406:
375:
340:
313:
305:
287:Lancet
270:
229:
219:
180:
170:
651:Anti-
468:54059
311:S2CID
579:ENA4
473:PMID
414:PMID
373:PMID
338:PMID
303:PMID
268:PMID
227:PMID
178:PMID
83:As β
562:ENA
535:PBC
463:PMC
453:doi
404:PMC
365:doi
295:doi
258:doi
217:PMC
209:doi
168:PMC
160:doi
93:In
35:ACA
818::
767:RA
747::
471:.
461:.
451:.
441:87
439:.
435:.
412:.
400:73
398:.
394:.
371:.
361:26
359:.
334:16
332:.
309:.
301:.
289:.
266:.
254:30
252:.
248:.
225:.
215:.
205:43
203:.
199:.
176:.
166:.
156:45
154:.
150:.
138:^
57:,
53:,
49:,
45:,
564::
537::
510:e
503:t
496:v
479:.
455::
447::
420:.
379:.
367::
344:.
317:.
297::
291:2
274:.
260::
233:.
211::
184:.
162::
114:2
112:β
85:2
33:(
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