773:. Due to differing native tongues, it was difficult for French settlers to communicate with the enslaved Africans and vice versa, as well as for slaves of different ethnic origins to communicate between each other. As a result, they were forced to develop a new form of communication by relying on what they heard from their colonial enslavers and other slaves. According to Jesuit missionary Pierre Pelleprat, French settlers would change their way of speaking to a simpler form to be more accommodating to the enslaved people. For example, to say "I have not eaten" settlers would say "moi point manger" even though the proper French translation is "Je n'ai pas mangé". This simpler form of French, along with linguistic influences from other languages, eventually evolved into Antillean Creole.
310:
2381:
3797:
4279:
4293:
2688:
25:
415:. Intercomprehension between these two groups is possible, but despite a large proportion of shared vocabulary and largely similar grammatical functioning, it is limited by varying key vocabulary and different words for basic grammar. Nevertheless, it is easy to begin to understand each other completely, as long as one of the two has a basic knowledge of the other's language.
486:. Antillean Creole has approximately thirteen million speakers and is a means of communication for migrant populations traveling between neighboring English- and French-speaking territories. Since French is a Romance language, French Antillean Creole is considered to be one of Latin America’s languages by some linguists.
3633:. Its mutual intelligibility rate with other varieties of Antillean Creole is almost 100%. Its syntactic, grammatical and lexical features are virtually identical to that of Martinican Creole, but like its Saint Lucian counterpart, it has more English loanwords than the Martinican variety. People who speak
765:
Due to the influences from its origins, this creole has some distinctive linguistic features. Features of French included in Lesser
Antillean Creole include infinitive forms of verbs, the use of only the masculine noun forms, oblique pronouns, and its subject to verb word order. Features from African
761:
Antillean Creole began as the pidgin "baragouin" in 1635. It was spoken by French settlers, the
Africans they enslaved, and Aboriginal peoples that resided on the islands. It originated in the Guadeloupe and Martinique areas of the Lesser Antilles. It was not until 1700, when there was an increase in
2296:
There is some variation in orthography between the islands. In St. Lucia, Dominica and
Martinique 'dj' and 'tj' are used whereas in Guadeloupe 'gy' and 'ky' are used. These represent differences in pronunciations. Several words may be pronounced in various ways depending on the region:
762:
African influences, that this pidgin transitioned into the creole that it is today. The formation of this creole was influenced by many different dialects and languages. These include dialects of French, other
European languages, Carib (both Karina and Arawakan), and African languages.
766:
languages include their verbal marking system as well as providing a West-African substrate. Other features of this creole also include doubling to emphasize a sentence, the word "point" to inflect the negative, and the non-distinguished adverbs and adjectives.
577:, created to accomplish that with d'Esnambuc at its head. The company was not particularly successful, and Richelieu had it reorganised as the Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique. In 1635, d'Esnambuc sailed to Martinique with 100 French settlers to clear land for
3706:
in
Grenada and was commonly heard as recently as 1930 when children in some rural areas could speak it. In the 21st century, it can be heard only among elderly speakers in a few small pockets of the country. They are becoming fewer and fewer because unlike
3666:
creoles, Saint Lucian French Creole combines a syntax of
African and Carib origin with a vocabulary primarily derived from French. The language can be considered to be mutually intelligible with French creoles of the Lesser Antilles and is related to
722:
In 1690, French woodcutters from
Martinique and Guadeloupe begin to set up timber camps to supply the French islands with wood and gradually become permanent settlers. France had a colony for several years and imported slaves from
2539:
Personal pronouns in
Antillean Creole are invariable so they do not inflect for case as in European languages such as French or English. This means that mwen, for example, can mean I, me or my; yo can mean they, them, their etc.
3779:
In 1797, Trinidad became a
British crown colony, with a French-speaking and Patois-speaking population. Today, Trinidadian French Creole can be found spoken in regional pockets among the elders, particularly in the villages of
656:
had little interest in colonial affairs, and the company languished. In 1651, it dissolved itself, selling its exploitation rights to various parties. The Du Paquet family bought
Martinique, Grenada and Saint Lucia for 60,000
3682:
Historically, French, or French Creole, was the language of the large majority of the inhabitants, enslaved Africans and estate owners. Though the new British administrators spoke English, French was still predominant.
745:
being their focus. Trinidad was perfect for its geographical location. Because Trinidad was considered underpopulated, Roume de St. Laurent, a Frenchman living in Grenada, was able to obtain a Cédula de Población from
595:, who inherited d'Esnambuc's authority over the French settlements in the Caribbean. Dyel du Parquet became governor of the island. He remained in Martinique and did not concern himself with the other islands.
3604:
Verbs in Creole are invariable and unlike French or English have no inflection to distinguish tenses. A series of particles placed before the verb indicate tense and aspect. There is no Subjunctive mood.
4313:
Ethnologue codes Guadeloupean Creole French (spoken in Guadeloupe and Martinique) and Saint Lucian Creole French (spoken in Dominica and Saint Lucia) distinctly, with the respective ISO 639-3 codes:
652:
received a 20-year extension of its charter. The king would name the governor general of the company, and the company would name the governors of the various islands. However, by the late 1640s,
734:
as an official language, but Antillean Creole is still spoken as a secondary language because of Dominica's location between the French-speaking departments of Guadeloupe and Martinique.
614:(now Fort-de-France) on Martinique was a major port for French battle ships in the region from which the French were able to explore the region. In 1638, Dyel du Parquet decided to have
3756:. French planters and the Africans they enslaved, free coloureds and mulattos, from the French Antilles of Martinique, Grenada, Guadeloupe and Dominica, migrated to Trinidad during the
753:
Trinidad's population jumped to over 15,000 by the end of 1789, from just under 1,400 in 1777. In 1797, Trinidad became a British crown colony, despite its French-speaking population.
4891:
618:
built to protect the city against enemy attacks. From Fort Royal, Martinique, Du Parquet proceeded south in search for new territories, established the first settlement in
519:; though they are officially English-speaking, there are efforts to preserve the use of Antillean Creole, as there are in Trinidad and Tobago and its neighbour,
730:
France formally ceded possession of Dominica to Great Britain in 1763. The latter established a small colony on the island in 1805. As a result, Dominica uses
3613:
The vocabulary of Antillean Creole is based mostly on French, with many contributions from West African languages, Spanish, English and Amerindian languages.
523:. In recent decades, Creole has gone from being seen as a sign of lower socio-economic status, banned in school playgrounds, to a mark of national pride.
2651:'ou' and 'li' are used after nouns ending in a consonant and 'w' and 'y' after nouns ending in a vowel. All other possessive adjectives are invariable.
4884:
71:
4415:
2529:
m, ng, and n are contracted forms of mwen which occur before certain verb particles: Mwen pa → m'a, mwen ka → ng'a or n'a mwen kay → ng'ay or n'ay
719:, or Kalinago people. Over time, more settled there after they had been driven from surrounding islands, as European powers entered the region.
5586:
5512:
4877:
3674:
It is still widely spoken in Saint Lucia. In the mid-19th century, migrants took the language with them to Panama, where it is now moribund.
526:
Since the 1970s, there has been a literary revival of Creole in the French-speaking islands of the Lesser Antilles, with writers such as
5581:
5541:
3637:
can also understand Dominican Creole French. Even though there are a number of distinctive features, they are mutually intelligible.
5566:
5591:
4659:
715:), on 3 November 1493. In the 100 years after Columbus's landing, Dominica remained isolated. At the time, it was inhabited by the
649:
2726:
the nouns they modify, in contrast to French. The final syllable of the preceding word determines which is used with which nouns.
1109:
only occurs on islands wherein French is an official language. Otherwise, where the uvular r would occur where other dialects use
3644:
Creoles, Dominican French Creole combines a syntax of African and Carib origin with a vocabulary primarily derived from French.
4463:
1915:
1620:
1112:
1070:
1047:
292:
4321:. However, it notes that their rate of comprehension is 90%, which would qualify them as dialects of a single language.
2526:
Mon is used in Dominica and in Grenada #man is used in Martinique. An is used in Guadeloupe, but less so in the latter.
581:
4761:
5576:
5546:
4556:
4391:
5571:
5561:
2342:
1839:
1389:
985:
890:
2029:
1458:
1193:
971:
662:
282:
3776:, etc. Trinidad's population, which numbered less than 1,400 in 1777, soared to over 15,000 by the end of 1789.
5551:
2347:
2330:
2313:
2239:
2053:
1216:
309:
5118:
4668:
1550:
1437:
1029:
935:
629:
Despite the long history of British rule, Grenada's French heritage is still evident by the number of French
615:
574:
368:
173:
5556:
5336:
4778:
4652:
3165:
Note that in Guadeloupean Creole there is no agreement of sounds between the noun and definite article and
2277:
2105:
1860:
1791:
1202:
1015:
978:
690:
483:
475:
5428:
5289:
5043:
4794:
2339:
2322:
2305:
1095:
561:
in 1635. Belain sailed to the Caribbean in 1625, hoping to establish a French settlement on the island of
5088:
5038:
4693:
4637:
2380:
2359:
2129:
2079:
1767:
1526:
1223:
1170:
1055:
1001:
591:, where he soon died prematurely in 1636, leaving the company and Martinique in the hands of his nephew,
546:
5098:
3659:. Its syntactic, grammatical and lexical features are virtually identical to that of Martinican Creole.
5182:
3652:
2205:
1994:
1939:
1815:
1717:
1239:
1063:
883:
876:
707:, about halfway between the French islands of Guadeloupe (to the north) and Martinique (to the south).
228:
5167:
2365:
2357:
2325:
2275:
2237:
2203:
1884:
1600:
1110:
1102:
1022:
896:
747:
694:
404:
5330:
2154:
1179:
554:
258:
50:
4266:
Konpè Kochon said, "But, Konpè, you're too foolish! You mean to tell me you can grow yams there?"
4229:
Konpè Lapen di'y, "Dé ti twou yanm ng'a (mwen ka) fouyé bay ich mwen pou mwen bay ich mwen manjé."
5130:
4948:
4943:
4900:
4724:
4719:
4645:
3686:
3626:
2308:
1575:
1413:
1365:
1104:
928:
921:
905:
727:, Martinique and Guadeloupe to work on its plantations. The Antillean Creole language developed.
634:
592:
220:
5319:
4756:
3689:
is a variety of Antillean Creole French. In Grenada and among Grenadians, it is referred to as
2367:
1742:
1506:
1118:
994:
941:
804:
799:
479:
471:
67:
5394:
4698:
5518:
5405:
5294:
5201:
4683:
4455:
2648:
Possessive adjectives are placed after the noun; kay mwen 'my house', manman'w 'your mother'
1669:
1645:
1089:
This sound occurs on islands where the official language is English in certain loanwords e.g
839:
832:
599:
5415:
5284:
5025:
3749:
1482:
950:
708:
5485:
5388:
4766:
8:
5304:
5162:
5124:
4953:
4739:
682:
504:
455:
210:
144:
5474:
4926:
686:
678:
535:
527:
443:
435:
5447:
5103:
5065:
4996:
4963:
4869:
4840:
4810:
4600:
4409:
4151:
3734:
1693:
850:
794:
642:
570:
76:
5113:
2532:
w and y occur after a vowel: Nonm-lan wè i → Nonm-lan wè'y, Koumonon ou? → Koumonon'w?
250:
5439:
5274:
5142:
5093:
4976:
4820:
4734:
4729:
4562:
4552:
4524:
4459:
4448:
4429:
4397:
4387:
3757:
3175:
Like the definite article this is placed after the noun. It varies widely by region.
1009:
915:
819:
809:
741:, the Spanish possessed the island but contributed little towards advancements, with
704:
388:
268:
224:
4986:
4830:
4627:
4261:
Konpè Lapen told him, "I am digging a few holes to plant yams to feed my children."
2699:("Entrance to the little shop at rue Brion"). Postposition of the definite article (
711:
named the island after the day of the week on which he spotted it, a Sunday (Latin:
489:
In a number of countries (including Dominica, Grenada, St. Lucia, Trinidad, Brazil (
288:
5480:
5434:
5410:
5359:
5354:
5342:
5219:
5147:
4991:
4981:
4835:
4825:
4751:
4516:
4298:
4284:
2722:
In Creole, there are five definite articles (la, lan, a, an, nan) which are placed
2712:
731:
653:
638:
598:
The French permanently settled on Martinique and Guadeloupe after being driven off
408:
384:
573:
to establish French colonies in the region. Richelieu became a shareholder in the
5468:
5400:
5370:
5269:
5192:
5172:
5152:
5006:
4915:
4202:
4188:
4174:
4160:
4144:
4123:
4107:
4086:
4072:
4063:
4048:
4035:
4019:
4003:
3982:
3967:
3951:
3939:
3924:
3906:
3897:
3888:
3873:
3855:
3837:
3819:
3742:
3695:
1277:
1187:
826:
814:
770:
603:
538:
has written theoretically and poetically about its significance and its history.
500:
412:
376:
372:
163:
116:
5060:
5505:
5324:
5314:
5157:
5108:
5055:
5032:
5015:
4971:
4815:
4746:
4612:
Konpè Lapen mandé on favè = Konpè Lapen asks a favor: a Saint Lucian folk tale.
4135:
4026:
3958:
3796:
3723:, Grenada does not have Kwéyòl-speaking neighbours to keep the language alive.
3668:
3634:
2898:
2814:
2730:
2716:
1210:
658:
380:
5229:
4358:
4344:
4330:
2364:
whereas in Guadeloupe and Martinique it represents the more French-like sound
5535:
5309:
5136:
5070:
5050:
4580:
4566:
4528:
4504:
4401:
3761:
3703:
1265:
1152:
965:
870:
716:
670:
474:). It is also spoken in various Creole-speaking immigrant communities in the
451:
321:
40:
4520:
490:
5299:
5177:
4238:
Konpè Kochon di, "Mé, Konpè, ou kouyon, wi! Ou vlé di mwen sa kay fè yanm?"
3741:) of Trinidad spoken by descendants of the French Creole migrants from the
60:
4667:
2665:
The indefinite article is placed before the noun and can be pronounced as
233:
215:
205:
5422:
5224:
4858:
3656:
2976:
2818:
2256:
2222:
2188:
2174:
1308:
1292:
1283:
1260:
1164:
1147:
1039:
724:
674:
622:
in 1643 and headed an expedition that established a French settlement in
619:
516:
423:
136:
5234:
5382:
5253:
5247:
5240:
4363:
4349:
4335:
4114:
4098:
4010:
3994:
3773:
3720:
3716:
3056:
2894:
2734:
2692:
1300:
1270:
1231:
1157:
666:
611:
562:
558:
531:
439:
431:
124:
120:
104:
5213:
4546:
4381:
4220:
Pwenmyé ki pasé sé Konpè Kochon. I di, "Konpè Lapen, sa ou ka fè la?"
4214:
Below are samples of St. Lucian Creole French taken from a folktale.
3708:
3663:
3641:
2687:
1904:
1340:
960:
865:
742:
630:
588:
578:
550:
520:
459:
243:
196:
4631:
467:
4292:
3769:
3753:
3712:
3630:
738:
700:
512:
447:
400:
300:
128:
5207:
3785:
3781:
3765:
860:
623:
508:
427:
296:
132:
4236:
4227:
4218:
2356:
The letter 'r' in St. Lucia and Dominica represents the English
1090:
345:
332:
315:
5376:
5364:
5347:
5081:
4773:
4688:
3738:
3698:
769:
The language emerged in a context of plantation slavery in the
566:
495:
463:
5279:
5076:
5020:
1966:
419:
399:
There are two main geographical and linguistic groups in the
140:
3752:
of 1783 laid the foundation and growth of the population of
418:
Antillean Creole is spoken natively, to varying degrees, in
2719:
whose article are more similar but have "nan" in addition.
3671:, which has nonetheless a number of distinctive features.
299:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
4899:
2535:
li occurs after consonants: Ou konnèt i? → Ou konnèt li?
637:
and the French-style buildings, cuisine and placenames (
4628:
Antillean Creole Swadesh list of basic vocabulary words
587:
After six months on Martinique, d'Esnambuc returned to
499:. It has historically been spoken in nearly all of the
4544:
3726:
Additionally, the language is not taught in schools.
1117:. Furthermore, this sound is usually pronounced as a
4548:
Lesser Antillean French Creole and universal grammar
4436:, SIL International, Fifteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.
4383:
Lesser Antillean french creole and universal grammar
4274:
3760:. The immigrants establishing local communities of
3063:, but this form is rare and is usually replaced by
553:who established the first permanent French colony,
4551:. Department of Linguistics, Göteborg University.
4447:
511:. Conversely, it is widely used on the islands of
375:. Its grammar and vocabulary include elements of
66:for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate
5533:
493:) and Venezuela) the language is referred to as
4505:"The Origins of Lesser Antillean French Creole"
2654:Kaz ou - Your house, Kouto'w - Your knife
237: – San Miguel Creole French (Panama)
4885:
4653:
4244:An English translation from the same source:
3849:(shortened version of "Si ou plé / Si'w plé")
3800:Road sign in residential area in Guadeloupe.
3647:
2657:Madanm li - His wife, Sésé'y - Her sister
703:is a former French and British colony in the
503:, but its number of speakers has declined in
4414:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4345:Dominican Creole / Martinican / Saint Lucian
3729:
2388:, "Happy to see you" (from the French words
1121:and is much softer than the European French
351:
338:
325:
5513:varieties with more than 5 million speakers
3715:, which lie close to the French islands of
4892:
4878:
4660:
4646:
4614:1985. Vieux-Fort, Saint Lucia: SIL. 10 p.
3677:
3621:
549:was a French trader and adventurer in the
263:51-AAC-cc (varieties: 51-AAC-cca to -cck)
4445:
394:
3795:
2686:
2379:
308:
4601:Ethnologue report for language code:acf
4454:. University of Chicago Press. p.
4379:
2715:where article are always "la", and for
293:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
5534:
4509:Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages
4873:
4641:
4502:
4498:
4496:
4494:
4492:
4490:
4488:
4486:
4484:
4428:Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.), 2005.
4201:
4187:
4173:
4159:
4143:
4122:
4106:
4085:
4071:
4062:
4047:
4034:
4018:
4002:
3981:
3966:
3950:
3938:
3923:
3905:
3896:
3887:
3872:
3854:
3836:
3818:
3802:Slow down. Children are playing here.
3791:
2660:
1038:
999:
992:
959:
859:
825:
565:(St. Kitts). In 1626, he returned to
106:kreyòl, kréyòl, kréyol, kwéyòl, patwa
4540:
4538:
4450:Zouk: world music in the West Indies
3629:is the generally-spoken language in
1332:
1134:
18:
3570:The children have not already done
2682:
2384:Welcome sign in Martinican Creole:
756:
16:French-based creole of the Antilles
13:
5517:Languages between parentheses are
4481:
4434:Ethnologue: Languages of the World
4324:
3541:Albert had not just gone gone out
693:and then sold them in 1665 to the
56:for transliterated languages, and
36:of its non-English content, using
14:
5603:
4621:
4581:"The Creole Language of Dominica"
4535:
4359:San Miguel Creole French (Panama)
2697:Ti boutik-la ouvè kòté Lari Bryon
2346:
2341:
2329:
2324:
2312:
2307:
2255:
2221:
2187:
2153:
2128:
2104:
2078:
2052:
2028:
1993:
1938:
1914:
1883:
1859:
1838:
1814:
1790:
1766:
1741:
1716:
1692:
1668:
1644:
1619:
1599:
1574:
1549:
1525:
1505:
1481:
1457:
1436:
1412:
1388:
1364:
1307:
1291:
1282:
1238:
1222:
1215:
1201:
1192:
1178:
1169:
1069:
1062:
1054:
1046:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1000:
993:
984:
977:
970:
949:
940:
934:
927:
920:
904:
895:
889:
882:
875:
849:
838:
831:
5582:Languages of Trinidad and Tobago
5542:French-based pidgins and creoles
4291:
4277:
4248:First to pass was Konpè Kochon (
1082:
695:Compagnie des Indes occidentales
650:Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique
371:that is primarily spoken in the
23:
5592:French language in the Americas
4605:
4380:Erland., Gadelii, Karl (1997).
4209:
4167:Girlfriend (or female relative)
2711:This exemples doesn't work for
2251:(when not followed by a vowel)
2217:(when not followed by a vowel)
2183:(when not followed by a vowel)
5521:of the language on their left.
4594:
4573:
4545:Gadelii, Karl Erland. (1997).
4503:Wylie, Jonathan (1995-01-01).
4439:
4422:
4373:
4307:
4256:), what are you doing there?"
3595:Y'all had not already started
3592:Hò/zot potoko/pokote koumansé
3572:The children had not yet done
1327:
569:, where he won the support of
72:multilingual support templates
1:
5587:Subject–verb–object languages
5567:Languages of Îles des Saintes
4669:French-based creole languages
4386:. Department of linguistics.
4270:
3608:
1973:Antillean Creole orthography
1347:Antillean Creole orthography
781:
575:Compagnie de Saint-Christophe
4446:Guilbault, Jocelyne (1993).
4181:Boyfriend (or male relative)
3616:
1084:
776:
484:Collectivity of Saint Martin
476:United States Virgin Islands
156:(13 million cited 1998–2001)
7:
3284:Preterite/ Present Perfect
697:, formed one year earlier.
105:
10:
5608:
4252:). He said, "Konpè Lapen (
3653:Saint Lucian Creole French
3648:Saint Lucian Creole French
3597:Y'all had not started yet
3589:Y'all had already started
2390:content, voir, vous-autres
2375:
541:
313:Sign in Martinican Creole:
5496:
5461:
5262:
5191:
5005:
4962:
4934:
4925:
4908:
4851:
4803:
4787:
4707:
4676:
3735:Trinidadian French Creole
3730:Trinidadian French Creole
3561:The children already did
3535:Albert had just gone out
3519:I have not just gone out
3148:
3143:
3122:
3117:
3096:
3091:
2676:On chapo, Yon wavèt
2173:
1965:
1903:
1737:
1339:
1198:
1129:
1008:
964:
914:
869:
818:
813:
808:
798:
793:
790:
788:
748:King Charles III of Spain
279:
267:
257:
241:
194:
189:
160:
150:
112:
103:
98:
5577:Languages of Saint Lucia
5547:Creoles of the Caribbean
4671:and pidgins by continent
3564:Sé timanmay-la p'òkò fè
2893:If the last sound is an
2813:If the last sound is an
2729:If the last sound is an
2679:An moun, Yan tòti
547:Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc
534:employing the language.
5572:Languages of Martinique
5562:Languages of Guadeloupe
4901:Gallo-Romance languages
4521:10.1075/jpcl.10.1.04wyl
4369:(subscription required)
4355:(subscription required)
4341:(subscription required)
4237:
4228:
4219:
3687:Grenadian Creole French
3678:Grenadian Creole French
3627:Dominican Creole French
3622:Dominican Creole French
3566:Sé timanmay-la pò'ò fè
3055:If the last sound is a
2272:No English equivalent;
2234:No English equivalent;
2200:No English equivalent;
1091:
593:Jacques Dyel du Parquet
365:Lesser Antillean Creole
346:
333:
316:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4242:
4233:
4224:
4195:(To) engage in a fight
4087:[ajobɔdlɑ̃mɛa]
3968:[lapliaptɔ̃be]
3940:[laplikatɔ̃be]
3804:
3655:is commonly spoken in
3586:Hò/zot té ja koumansé
3442:Y'all were not eating
3172:Demonstrative article
3169:is used for all nouns
2897:and is preceded by an
2733:and is preceded by an
2708:
2544:Possessive Adjectives
2393:
1982:English approximation
1356:English approximation
712:
607:
480:British Virgin Islands
472:El Callao Municipality
395:Geographical situation
357:
352:
339:
326:
281:This article contains
5552:Languages of Dominica
5511:A star (*) indicates
5406:Poitevin-Saintongeais
5337:Labrador Inuit Pidgin
4632:Swadesh list appendix
4430:Languages of Dominica
4264:
4259:
4246:
4234:
4225:
4216:
3799:
3558:Sé timanmay-la ja fè
2975:If a word ends in a
2817:and is preceded by a
2690:
2383:
600:Saint Kitts and Nevis
312:
4203:[ɡumeepimun]
4161:[mɑ̃sɑ̃fute]
4108:[akazɑ̃mwɛ̃]
3952:[laplikabat]
3925:[ɛskizemwɛ̃]
3918:(from "excusez-moi")
3750:Cedula of Population
3737:is a French Creole (
3474:They would not like
3316:Present Progressive
750:on 4 November 1783.
709:Christopher Columbus
34:specify the language
32:This article should
5557:Languages of France
4964:Bourbonnais Creoles
4630:(from Wiktionary's
4331:Guadeloupean Creole
4124:[lakajmwɛ̃]
4081:– Ay (o)bòdlanmè-a
3975:Today is a nice day
3943:, or Lapli ka bat'
3907:[mɛsiɑ̃ʃaj]
3901:, or Mèsi an chay'
3889:[mɛsiɑ̃pil]
3881:Thank you very much
3439:Zòt pa té ka manjé
3400:Past/ Past Perfect
3254:
3179:
2545:
2398:
1989:(or à before an n)
1254:
1141:
557:, on the island of
505:Trinidad and Tobago
456:Trinidad and Tobago
369:French-based creole
211:Guadeloupean Creole
145:Trinidad and Tobago
4079:Going to the beach
4041:often shortened to
4036:[sakapfɛt]
3989:How are you ?
3983:[ʒɔdiabɛl]
3898:[mɛsiɑ̃lo]
3805:
3792:Example vocabulary
3702:. It was once the
3538:Albè té sòti sòti
3532:Albè té sòti sòti
3513:I've just arrived
3488:An té kay/ké pran
3468:Yo pa té ké enmen
3436:Y'all were eating
3337:I wasn't speaking
3252:
3178:
2709:
2661:Indefinite article
2543:
2397:Personal Pronouns
2396:
2394:
1252:
1139:
643:Martinique Channel
610:) by the British.
571:Cardinal Richelieu
358:
5529:
5528:
5506:extinct languages
5462:Francoprovencalic
5457:
5456:
5440:Wisconsin Walloon
4867:
4866:
4465:978-0-226-31041-1
4367:(18th ed., 2015)
4353:(18th ed., 2015)
4339:(18th ed., 2015)
4197:- Goumé épi moun
4095:- Akaz (an) mwen
4049:[sakafɛt]
3955:, Lapli ap tonbé
3934:– Lapli ka tonbé
3764:, Champs Fleurs,
3758:French Revolution
3602:
3601:
3516:Man pa sòti rive
3470:Yo pa té'é enmen
3430:Progressive Past
3371:Immediate Future
3250:
3249:
3163:
3162:
3073:Antillean Creole
3053:
3052:
2989:Antillean Creole
2973:
2972:
2911:Antillean Creole
2891:
2890:
2831:Antillean Creole
2811:
2810:
2747:Antillean Creole
2713:Guadeloupe Creole
2646:
2645:
2558:Iles des Saintes
2523:
2522:
2293:
2292:
2286:
2285:
1959:
1958:
1324:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1248:
1247:
1123:⟨r⟩
1079:
1078:
705:Eastern Caribbean
405:Caribbean Islands
389:African languages
350:("the sea", from
307:
306:
289:rendering support
285:phonetic symbols.
94:
93:
74:may also be used.
5599:
5475:Franco-Provençal
5471:/Faetar-Cigliàje
5360:Louisiana French
5355:Louisiana Creole
5168:Saint-Barthélemy
4936:Antillean Creole
4932:
4931:
4894:
4887:
4880:
4871:
4870:
4662:
4655:
4648:
4639:
4638:
4615:
4609:
4603:
4598:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4577:
4571:
4570:
4542:
4533:
4532:
4500:
4479:
4478:
4473:
4472:
4453:
4443:
4437:
4426:
4420:
4419:
4413:
4405:
4377:
4371:
4370:
4356:
4342:
4328:
4322:
4311:
4301:
4299:Languages portal
4296:
4295:
4287:
4285:Caribbean portal
4282:
4281:
4280:
4240:
4231:
4222:
4205:
4200:
4191:
4186:
4177:
4175:[mɑ̃zɛl]
4172:
4163:
4158:
4148:, Man san fouté
4147:
4145:[mpakjɛ]
4142:
4126:
4121:
4110:
4105:
4089:
4084:
4075:
4070:
4066:
4061:
4051:
4046:
4038:
4033:
4022:
4017:
4006:
4001:
3985:
3980:
3970:
3965:
3954:
3949:
3942:
3937:
3927:
3922:
3909:
3904:
3900:
3895:
3891:
3886:
3876:
3871:
3858:
3853:
3840:
3838:[saidia]
3835:
3822:
3817:
3813:(from "bonjour")
3494:An pa té kay/ké
3465:They would like
3433:Zòt té ka manjé
3383:Mwen pa kay alé
3380:I'm going to go
3357:Ou pé ké ay/alé
3328:Mwen pa ka palé
3255:
3251:
3246:that/this table
3180:
3177:
3070:
3069:
2986:
2985:
2908:
2907:
2828:
2827:
2744:
2743:
2683:Definite article
2667:on, an, yon, yan
2546:
2542:
2399:
2395:
2371:
2363:
2352:
2350:
2345:
2335:
2333:
2328:
2318:
2316:
2311:
2281:
2259:
2243:
2225:
2209:
2191:
2157:
2132:
2108:
2082:
2056:
2032:
1997:
1963:
1962:
1942:
1918:
1887:
1863:
1842:
1818:
1794:
1770:
1745:
1720:
1696:
1672:
1648:
1623:
1603:
1578:
1553:
1529:
1509:
1485:
1461:
1440:
1416:
1392:
1368:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1311:
1295:
1286:
1255:
1251:
1242:
1226:
1219:
1205:
1196:
1182:
1173:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1124:
1116:
1108:
1097:
1094:
1088:
1073:
1066:
1058:
1050:
1032:
1025:
1018:
1004:
997:
988:
981:
974:
953:
944:
938:
931:
924:
908:
899:
893:
886:
879:
853:
842:
835:
786:
785:
757:Origin of creole
687:Saint Barthélemy
683:Knights of Malta
654:Cardinal Mazarin
639:Petit Martinique
635:Grenadian Creole
616:Fort Saint Louis
608:Saint-Christophe
536:Édouard Glissant
528:Raphaël Confiant
444:Saint-Barthélemy
436:Îles des Saintes
409:Greater Antilles
361:Antillean Creole
355:
349:
342:
336:
329:
327:de l'eau de coco
319:
275:
253:
236:
221:Dominican Creole
218:
208:
199:
179:Antillean Creole
166:
108:
99:Antillean Creole
96:
95:
89:
86:
80:
65:
59:
55:
49:
45:
39:
27:
26:
19:
5607:
5606:
5602:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5597:
5596:
5532:
5531:
5530:
5525:
5524:
5492:
5453:
5371:Moselle Romance
5331:Karipúna Creole
5258:
5187:
5099:Franco-Ontarian
5001:
4958:
4921:
4916:Canadian French
4904:
4898:
4868:
4863:
4847:
4799:
4783:
4703:
4694:Petit Mauresque
4672:
4666:
4624:
4619:
4618:
4610:
4606:
4599:
4595:
4585:
4583:
4579:
4578:
4574:
4559:
4543:
4536:
4501:
4482:
4470:
4468:
4466:
4444:
4440:
4427:
4423:
4407:
4406:
4394:
4378:
4374:
4368:
4357:
4354:
4343:
4340:
4329:
4325:
4312:
4308:
4297:
4290:
4283:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4212:
4198:
4184:
4170:
4156:
4140:
4119:
4103:
4082:
4068:
4059:
4056:Brother, Sister
4044:
4031:
4020:[saufɛ]
4015:
4004:[kaufɛ]
3999:
3978:
3963:
3947:
3935:
3932:Rain is falling
3920:
3902:
3893:
3884:
3869:
3856:[suple]
3851:
3833:
3820:[bonʒu]
3815:
3794:
3743:French Antilles
3732:
3680:
3662:Like the other
3650:
3640:Like the other
3624:
3619:
3611:
3497:I would not go
3459:Yo té ké enmen
3418:We hadn't said
3413:
3389:I am not going
3330:Mwen pa'a palé
3301:He hasn't come
3299:He didn't come
3281:
3057:nasal consonant
2691:Creole sign in
2685:
2663:
2378:
2294:
1330:
1325:
1132:
1122:
1119:velar fricative
864:
803:
784:
779:
771:French Antilles
759:
589:St. Christopher
563:St. Christopher
544:
501:Lesser Antilles
413:Lesser Antilles
397:
373:Lesser Antilles
363:(also known as
344:
331:
324:", from French
314:
287:Without proper
273:
249:
232:
231:
214:
213:
204:
203:
195:
185:
167:
164:Language family
162:
153:
152:Native speakers
117:French Antilles
90:
84:
81:
75:
63:
57:
53:
51:transliteration
47:
43:
37:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5605:
5595:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5527:
5526:
5523:
5522:
5515:
5509:
5498:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5491:
5490:
5489:
5488:
5483:
5472:
5465:
5463:
5459:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5451:
5444:
5443:
5442:
5432:
5425:
5420:
5419:
5418:
5413:
5403:
5398:
5391:
5386:
5379:
5374:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5351:
5350:
5340:
5333:
5328:
5325:Haitian Creole
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5295:Burundi Pidgin
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5266:
5264:
5260:
5259:
5257:
5256:
5251:
5244:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5210:
5205:
5197:
5195:
5189:
5188:
5186:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5133:
5128:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5085:
5084:
5079:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5047:
5046:
5041:
5030:
5029:
5028:
5023:
5012:
5010:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4968:
4966:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4940:
4938:
4929:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4912:
4910:
4906:
4905:
4897:
4896:
4889:
4882:
4874:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4861:
4855:
4853:
4849:
4848:
4846:
4845:
4844:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4807:
4805:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4791:
4789:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4770:
4769:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4743:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4711:
4709:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4684:Burundi Pidgin
4680:
4678:
4674:
4673:
4665:
4664:
4657:
4650:
4642:
4636:
4635:
4623:
4622:External links
4620:
4617:
4616:
4604:
4593:
4572:
4557:
4534:
4480:
4464:
4438:
4421:
4392:
4372:
4323:
4305:
4304:
4303:
4302:
4288:
4272:
4269:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4206:
4192:
4178:
4164:
4127:
4090:
4076:
4053:
4023:, Sa kap fèt?
3986:
3972:
3929:
3916:– Eskizé mwen
3911:
3883:– Mèsi an pil
3878:
3874:[mɛsi]
3867:(from "merci")
3860:
3842:
3824:
3793:
3790:
3731:
3728:
3679:
3676:
3669:Haitian Creole
3649:
3646:
3635:Haitian Creole
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3610:
3607:
3600:
3599:
3593:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3581:potoko/pokote
3579:
3575:
3574:
3568:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3547:
3543:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3510:Man sòti rivé
3508:
3505:
3503:
3499:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3476:
3475:
3472:
3466:
3463:
3461:Yo té'é enmen
3457:
3454:
3451:
3444:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3421:
3420:
3416:We didn't say
3414:
3410:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3391:
3390:
3387:
3381:
3378:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3339:
3338:
3335:
3326:
3325:I am speaking
3323:
3317:
3314:
3308:
3304:
3303:
3297:
3294:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3238:
3235:
3231:
3230:
3229:that/this guy
3227:
3221:
3218:
3214:
3213:
3212:that/this car
3210:
3204:
3198:
3194:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3186:Demonstrative
3184:
3161:
3160:
3151:
3150:
3147:
3142:
3133:
3132:
3125:
3124:
3121:
3116:
3109:
3108:
3099:
3098:
3095:
3090:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3051:
3050:
3047:
3042:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3024:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3006:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2971:
2970:
2967:
2962:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2946:
2937:
2936:
2933:
2928:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2899:oral consonant
2889:
2888:
2885:
2880:
2873:
2872:
2869:
2864:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2848:
2839:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2815:oral consonant
2809:
2808:
2805:
2800:
2791:
2790:
2787:
2782:
2773:
2772:
2769:
2764:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2731:oral consonant
2717:haitian creole
2684:
2681:
2662:
2659:
2644:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2591:his, her, its
2588:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2415:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2377:
2374:
2354:
2353:
2336:
2319:
2302:
2291:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2270:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2245:
2232:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2211:
2198:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2139:
2133:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2117:roughly like l
2115:
2109:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2015:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1894:
1888:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1870:
1864:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1843:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1825:
1819:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1801:
1795:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1777:
1771:
1763:
1762:
1752:
1746:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1727:
1721:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1630:
1624:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1604:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1585:
1579:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1560:
1554:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1510:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1441:
1434:
1430:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1305:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1289:
1287:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1236:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1220:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1199:
1197:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1176:
1174:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1099:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1051:
1044:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1006:
1005:
998:
991:
989:
982:
975:
968:
963:
957:
956:
954:
947:
945:
932:
925:
918:
912:
911:
909:
902:
900:
887:
880:
873:
868:
857:
856:
854:
847:
845:
843:
836:
829:
823:
822:
817:
812:
807:
797:
792:
789:
783:
780:
778:
775:
758:
755:
661:. The sieur d'
543:
540:
396:
393:
305:
304:
291:, you may see
277:
276:
271:
265:
264:
261:
255:
254:
247:
239:
238:
200:
192:
191:
190:Language codes
187:
186:
184:
183:
182:
181:
170:
168:
161:
158:
157:
154:
151:
148:
147:
114:
113:Native to
110:
109:
101:
100:
92:
91:
70:. Knowledge's
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5604:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5539:
5537:
5520:
5516:
5514:
5510:
5507:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5495:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5464:
5460:
5450:
5449:
5445:
5441:
5438:
5437:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5430:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5408:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5396:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5384:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5372:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5349:
5346:
5345:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5310:Frainc-Comtou
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5261:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5249:
5245:
5243:
5242:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5215:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5203:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5194:
5190:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5138:
5137:Middle French
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5126:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5027:
5026:St. Marys Bay
5024:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5004:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4965:
4961:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4937:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4927:Langues d'oïl
4924:
4917:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4907:
4902:
4895:
4890:
4888:
4883:
4881:
4876:
4875:
4872:
4860:
4857:
4856:
4854:
4850:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4813:
4812:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4802:
4796:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4786:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4706:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4675:
4670:
4663:
4658:
4656:
4651:
4649:
4644:
4643:
4640:
4633:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4613:
4608:
4602:
4597:
4582:
4576:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4558:91-628-2793-6
4554:
4550:
4549:
4541:
4539:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4515:(1): 77–126.
4514:
4510:
4506:
4499:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4487:
4485:
4477:
4476:Henri Guedon.
4467:
4461:
4457:
4452:
4451:
4442:
4435:
4431:
4425:
4417:
4411:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4393:91-628-2793-6
4389:
4385:
4384:
4376:
4366:
4365:
4360:
4352:
4351:
4346:
4338:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4320:
4316:
4310:
4306:
4300:
4294:
4289:
4286:
4275:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4255:
4254:Mister Rabbit
4251:
4245:
4241:
4239:
4232:
4230:
4223:
4221:
4215:
4204:
4196:
4193:
4190:
4189:[buɡ]
4182:
4179:
4176:
4168:
4165:
4162:
4155:
4153:
4146:
4139:
4137:
4131:
4128:
4125:
4118:
4116:
4111:, Lakay mwen
4109:
4102:
4100:
4094:
4091:
4088:
4080:
4077:
4074:
4065:
4064:[fwɛ]
4057:
4054:
4050:
4042:
4037:
4030:
4028:
4021:
4014:
4012:
4005:
3998:
3996:
3990:
3987:
3984:
3977:– Jòdi-a bèl
3976:
3973:
3969:
3962:
3960:
3953:
3946:
3941:
3933:
3930:
3926:
3919:
3915:
3912:
3908:
3899:
3892:, Mèsi an lo
3890:
3882:
3879:
3875:
3868:
3864:
3861:
3857:
3850:
3846:
3843:
3839:
3832:
3831:(more casual)
3828:
3825:
3821:
3814:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3803:
3798:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3762:Blanchisseuse
3759:
3755:
3751:
3746:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3705:
3704:lingua franca
3701:
3700:
3697:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3645:
3643:
3638:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3614:
3606:
3598:
3594:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3573:
3569:
3567:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3493:
3491:I would take
3490:
3487:
3484:
3482:pa té kay/ké
3481:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3471:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:Mwen kay alé
3373:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3351:Ou ké ay/alé
3350:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:Mwen ka palé
3318:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3203:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3152:
3146:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3126:
3120:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3100:
3094:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3062:
3059:, it becomes
3058:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:, it becomes
2978:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:, it becomes
2900:
2896:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:, it becomes
2820:
2816:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:, it becomes
2736:
2732:
2727:
2725:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2707:) is evident.
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2689:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2673:means "one".
2672:
2668:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2541:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2428:an, man, mon
2427:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2391:
2387:
2386:Kontan wè zot
2382:
2373:
2369:
2361:
2349:
2344:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2289:
2282:
2279:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1320:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1250:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1120:
1114:
1106:
1101:The uvular r
1100:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1003:
996:
990:
987:
983:
980:
976:
973:
969:
967:
962:
958:
955:
952:
948:
946:
943:
937:
933:
930:
926:
923:
919:
917:
913:
910:
907:
903:
901:
898:
892:
888:
885:
881:
878:
874:
872:
867:
862:
858:
855:
852:
848:
846:
844:
841:
837:
834:
830:
828:
824:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
787:
774:
772:
767:
763:
754:
751:
749:
744:
740:
735:
733:
728:
726:
720:
718:
717:Island Caribs
714:
713:dies Dominica
710:
706:
702:
698:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
671:Marie-Galante
668:
664:
660:
655:
651:
648:In 1642, the
646:
644:
640:
636:
632:
627:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
596:
594:
590:
585:
583:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
539:
537:
533:
529:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
497:
492:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
452:French Guiana
449:
446:(St. Barts),
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
354:
348:
341:
337:("Sun", from
335:
328:
323:
322:coconut water
318:
311:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
284:
278:
272:
270:
266:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
246:
245:
240:
235:
230:
226:
222:
219: –
217:
212:
209: –
207:
201:
198:
193:
188:
180:
177:
176:
175:
174:French Creole
172:
171:
169:
165:
159:
155:
149:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
115:
111:
107:
102:
97:
88:
78:
73:
69:
62:
52:
42:
35:
30:
21:
20:
5501:
5446:
5427:
5416:Saintongeais
5393:
5381:
5369:
5335:
5300:Camfranglais
5246:
5239:
5212:
5202:Anglo-Norman
5200:
5163:Newfoundland
5148:Metropolitan
5135:
5125:Jersey Legal
5123:
5114:Houma French
4954:Saint Lucian
4935:
4909:Areal groups
4903:and dialects
4804:Indian Ocean
4740:Saint Lucian
4714:
4611:
4607:
4596:
4584:. Retrieved
4575:
4547:
4512:
4508:
4475:
4469:. Retrieved
4449:
4441:
4433:
4424:
4382:
4375:
4362:
4348:
4334:
4326:
4318:
4314:
4309:
4265:
4260:
4253:
4249:
4247:
4243:
4235:
4226:
4217:
4213:
4210:Sample texts
4194:
4180:
4166:
4149:
4133:
4130:I don't care
4129:
4112:
4096:
4092:
4078:
4073:[sɛ]
4055:
4043:"Sakafèt'?"
4040:
4024:
4008:
3992:
3988:
3974:
3956:
3944:
3931:
3917:
3913:
3880:
3866:
3862:
3848:
3844:
3830:
3829:– Sa i di-a
3826:
3812:
3808:
3801:
3778:
3747:
3733:
3725:
3694:
3690:
3685:
3681:
3673:
3661:
3651:
3639:
3625:
3612:
3603:
3596:
3571:
3565:
3550:
3507:'have just'
3485:Conditional
3469:
3460:
3456:Conditional
3448:
3417:
3412:Nou pa té di
3408:We had said
3407:
3385:M'a kay alé
3384:
3375:
3354:You will go
3333:M'a ka palé
3332:
3329:
3320:
3311:
3300:
3292:He has come
3291:
3253:Verb Tenses
3241:
3224:
3207:
3201:
3174:
3171:
3166:
3164:
3156:
3154:
3144:
3138:
3136:
3129:
3118:
3113:
3104:
3102:
3092:
3086:
3084:
3064:
3060:
3054:
3044:
3038:
3036:
3026:
3020:
3018:
3008:
3002:
3000:
2980:
2974:
2964:
2959:
2953:the country
2948:
2942:
2940:
2930:
2924:
2922:
2902:
2892:
2887:the silence
2882:
2877:
2866:
2861:
2850:
2844:
2842:
2822:
2812:
2802:
2796:
2794:
2784:
2778:
2776:
2766:
2760:
2758:
2738:
2728:
2723:
2721:
2710:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2678:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2664:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2538:
2496:zò, hòt, hò
2468:he, she, it
2412:
2389:
2385:
2355:
2295:
2287:
2273:
2267:
2263:
2250:
2235:
2229:
2216:
2201:
2194:
2182:
2175:Nasal vowels
2167:
2161:
2142:
2136:
2118:
2112:
2093:
2086:
2067:
2060:
2042:
2036:
2018:
2010:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1988:
1952:
1946:
1927:
1921:
1896:
1890:
1872:
1866:
1845:
1827:
1821:
1803:
1797:
1779:
1773:
1759:
1755:
1748:
1730:
1723:
1706:
1700:
1681:
1675:
1657:
1651:
1633:
1626:
1606:
1588:
1581:
1563:
1556:
1538:
1532:
1512:
1494:
1488:
1470:
1464:
1443:
1425:
1419:
1401:
1395:
1377:
1371:
1318:
1083:
768:
764:
760:
752:
736:
729:
721:
699:
691:Saint Martin
647:
628:
597:
586:
555:Saint-Pierre
545:
525:
494:
488:
417:
398:
364:
360:
359:
280:
259:Linguasphere
242:
229:Saint Lucian
178:
82:
68:ISO 639 code
64:}}
58:{{
54:}}
48:{{
44:}}
38:{{
33:
5508:or dialects
5395:Petit nègre
5285:Bourbonnais
5230:Guernésiais
5225:Cotentinais
5104:Frenchville
5066:New England
4997:Seychellois
4841:Seychellois
4811:Bourbonnais
4699:Petit nègre
4007:, Sa'w fè?
3991:– Ka'w fè?
3768:, Cascade,
3657:Saint Lucia
3529:'had just'
3360:I won't go
3234:Martinique
3217:Guadeloupe
3123:the people
3049:the bridge
2977:nasal vowel
2819:nasal vowel
2705:la boutique
2703:instead of
2669:. The word
2555:Guadeloupe
2519:they, them
1328:Orthography
1040:Approximant
725:West Africa
675:La Desirade
620:Saint Lucia
582:plantations
517:Saint Lucia
462:(mainly in
424:Saint Lucia
295:instead of
137:Saint Lucia
85:August 2020
5536:Categories
5383:Old French
5305:Champenois
5290:Burgundian
5254:Sercquiais
5248:Old Norman
5241:Law French
5183:Vietnamese
5143:Meridional
4977:Chagossian
4821:Chagossian
4779:Belle Isle
4767:Lanc-Patuá
4735:Martinican
4730:Guadeloupe
4471:2010-05-22
4364:Ethnologue
4350:Ethnologue
4336:Ethnologue
4271:References
4250:Mister Pig
4199:pronounced
4185:pronounced
4171:pronounced
4157:pronounced
4141:pronounced
4132:- Mpa kyè
4120:pronounced
4115:Martinique
4104:pronounced
4099:Guadeloupe
4083:pronounced
4069:pronounced
4060:pronounced
4045:pronounced
4032:pronounced
4016:pronounced
4011:Martinique
4000:pronounced
3995:Guadeloupe
3979:pronounced
3964:pronounced
3948:pronounced
3945:(stronger)
3936:pronounced
3921:pronounced
3903:pronounced
3894:pronounced
3885:pronounced
3870:pronounced
3852:pronounced
3834:pronounced
3816:pronounced
3774:Laventille
3721:Guadeloupe
3717:Martinique
3609:Vocabulary
3555:'already'
3479:té kay/ké
3403:Nou té di
3376:Ng'ay alé
3321:Ng'a palé
3296:I pa vini
3149:the woman
3093:la voiture
2935:the knife
2931:le couteau
2895:oral vowel
2883:le silence
2807:the house
2767:la cravate
2735:oral vowel
2693:Guadeloupe
2408:Alternate
2274:nasalized
2236:nasalized
2202:nasalized
1905:Semivowels
1341:Consonants
782:Consonants
667:Guadeloupe
612:Fort Royal
559:Martinique
532:Monchoachi
491:Lanc-Patuá
482:, and the
440:Martinique
432:Guadeloupe
225:Martinican
202:Variously:
125:Martinique
121:Guadeloupe
5519:varieties
5504:indicate
5486:Valdôtain
5477:/Arpitan
5448:Zarphatic
5389:Orléanais
5275:Berrichon
5214:Auregnais
5089:Cambodian
5071:Québécois
4992:Rodriguan
4982:Mauritian
4949:Grenadian
4944:Dominican
4836:Rodriguan
4826:Mauritian
4752:Louisiana
4725:Grenadian
4720:Dominican
4715:Antillean
4567:758345312
4529:0920-9034
4410:cite book
4402:470438107
4169:- Manzèl
3914:Excuse me
3863:Thank you
3847:– Souplé
3811:– Bonjou
3709:St. Lucia
3664:Caribbean
3642:Caribbean
3617:Varieties
3453:pa té ké
3427:pa té ka
3261:Negative
3237:tala/taa
3197:St.Lucia
3013:the wind
2969:the corn
2855:the lamp
2803:la maison
2789:the book
2701:boutik-la
2431:m, ng, n
1979:Examples
1353:Examples
1278:Close-mid
1188:Close-mid
966:voiceless
961:Fricative
871:voiceless
866:affricate
777:Phonology
743:El Dorado
631:loanwords
626:in 1649.
579:sugarcane
551:Caribbean
521:Venezuela
460:Venezuela
244:Glottolog
197:ISO 639-3
5481:Savoyard
5411:Poitevin
5320:Guianese
5235:Jèrriais
5220:Cauchois
5173:Standard
5153:Missouri
5094:Francien
5044:Kinshasa
4762:Karipúna
4757:Guianese
4708:Americas
4586:31 March
4093:My place
3770:Carenage
3754:Trinidad
3713:Dominica
3631:Dominica
3524:té soti
3406:We said
3290:He came
3242:tala/taa
3192:English
3189:Example
3145:la femme
3119:les gens
3097:the car
3079:English
3031:the dog
3027:le chien
2995:English
2917:English
2871:the man
2851:la lampe
2837:English
2785:le livre
2771:the tie
2753:English
2695:reading
2572:an-mwen
2569:an-mwen
2552:General
2549:English
2417:English
2405:Pronoun
2304:kè
1758:o and lo
1754:between
1473:estival
1211:Open-mid
805:alveolar
795:Alveolar
739:Trinidad
701:Dominica
677:and the
645:, etc.)
513:Dominica
448:Dominica
411:and the
401:Antilles
317:Dlo Koko
301:Help:IPA
251:less1242
129:Dominica
5502:Italics
5435:Walloon
5429:Tây Bồi
5343:Lorrain
5270:Angevin
5208:Augeron
5158:Muskrat
5131:Laotian
5109:Haitian
5056:Belgian
5039:Abidjan
5033:African
5016:Acadian
4987:Réunion
4972:Agalega
4852:Oceania
4831:Réunion
4816:Agalega
4795:Tây Bồi
4747:Haitian
4183:- Boug
4136:Haitian
4027:Haitian
3959:Haitian
3865:– Mèsi
3786:Lopinot
3782:Paramin
3766:Paramin
3368:pa kay
3348:Future
3287:I vini
3258:Creole
3206:motoka
3183:Region
3103:machin-
3085:machin-
3076:French
3045:le pont
3009:le vent
2992:French
2965:le maïs
2949:le pays
2914:French
2876:silans-
2867:l'homme
2834:French
2759:kravat-
2750:French
2614:an-nou
2611:an-nou
2485:we, us
2402:Person
2376:Grammar
2338:tjè
2301:'heart'
2070:stival
1851:church
1266:Central
1153:Central
1096:/ɹadjo/
861:Plosive
820:Glottal
810:Palatal
791:Labial
732:English
685:bought
679:Saintes
665:bought
624:Grenada
542:History
509:Grenada
428:Grenada
385:English
367:) is a
297:Unicode
274:cpf-029
133:Grenada
77:See why
5469:Faetar
5401:Picard
5377:Nouchi
5365:Michif
5348:Welche
5263:Others
5193:Norman
5119:Indian
5082:Magoua
5051:Aostan
5007:French
4774:Michif
4689:Nouchi
4677:Africa
4565:
4555:
4527:
4462:
4400:
4390:
4058:- Frè
3845:Please
3739:Patois
3699:Patois
3696:French
3691:Patois
3578:té ja
3549:p'oko
3447:té ké
3424:té ka
3397:pa té
3345:pé ké
3310:pa ka
3264:Tense
3128:moun-l
3019:chyen-
2923:kouto-
2633:their
2628:a-zòt
2625:a-zòt
2594:li/ y
2580:ou/ w
2434:I, me
2321:kyè
2288:
1967:Vowels
1660:other
1654:achin
1319:
1253:Nasal
1130:Vowels
1010:voiced
916:voiced
681:. The
659:livres
604:French
567:France
496:patois
468:Güiria
464:Macuro
458:, and
407:: the
387:, and
377:French
353:la mer
340:soleil
119:(esp.
5315:Gallo
5280:Bolze
5178:Swiss
5077:Joual
5061:Métis
5021:Chiac
4067:, Sè
3827:Hello
3809:Hello
3551:po'o
3502:soti
3449:té'é
3312:pa'a
3223:boug
3220:lasa
3202:sa'a
3200:sala
3155:fanm-
3137:fanm-
3112:moun-
2941:péyi-
2860:nonm-
2843:lamp-
2724:after
2642:a-yo
2639:a-yo
2619:your
2577:your
2566:mwen
2425:mwen
2413:Form
2411:Weak
2280:]
2276:[
2242:]
2238:[
2208:]
2204:[
1869:yann
1782:adio
1776:adyo
1751:ezon
1705:feeli
1699:bildi
1541:otel
1374:agay
1261:Front
1165:Close
1148:Front
1140:Oral
1092:radio
827:Nasal
815:Velar
663:Houël
420:Haïti
381:Carib
347:Lanmè
334:Soley
141:Haiti
5423:Tayo
4859:Tayo
4788:Asia
4588:2014
4563:OCLC
4553:ISBN
4525:ISSN
4460:ISBN
4416:link
4398:OCLC
4388:ISBN
4317:and
3784:and
3748:The
3719:and
3711:and
3365:kay
3240:tab
3225:lasa
3208:sala
3037:pon-
3001:van-
2795:kay-
2777:liv-
2671:yonn
2622:zot
2608:nou
2605:our
2597:a-y
2583:a-w
2507:3pl
2502:you
2499:z,h
2493:zòt
2490:2pl
2476:nou
2473:1pl
2456:3sg
2451:you
2439:2sg
2422:1sg
2197:pil
2111:zwaz
2092:mach
1976:IPA
1899:ero
1893:ero
1875:ent
1835:tj*
1824:out
1726:ase
1684:ote
1636:ean
1596:ky*
1566:ure
1559:edi
1502:gy*
1497:ain
1491:òch
1449:job
1433:dj*
1422:ous
1350:IPA
1301:Open
1271:Back
1232:Open
1158:Back
800:Post
689:and
530:and
515:and
507:and
470:and
269:IETF
41:lang
4517:doi
4361:at
4347:at
4333:at
4319:acf
4315:gcf
4152:FWI
3693:or
3546:ja
3394:té
3342:ké
3307:ka
3157:lan
3139:nan
3114:nan
3105:lan
3087:nan
3065:lan
3061:nan
2958:mi-
2878:lan
2862:lan
2845:lan
2823:lan
2636:yo
2600:èy
2586:òw
2563:my
2513:yé
2510:yo
2462:li
2442:ou
2249:on
2215:en
2181:an
2150:ou
2145:rt
2135:dey
2096:ne
2089:de
2007:ko
1955:es
1806:ix
1800:is
1738:r*
1689:ng
1678:òt
1629:iv
1584:le
1562:mea
1535:èn
1467:ig
1404:oe
1385:ch
1380:ow
936:d͡ʒ
891:t͡ʃ
737:In
633:in
450:,
403:or
283:IPA
234:scf
216:acf
206:gcf
131:,
127:),
61:IPA
5538::
5073:*
5035:*
4561:.
4537:^
4523:.
4513:10
4511:.
4507:.
4483:^
4474:.
4458:.
4456:12
4432:.
4412:}}
4408:{{
4396:.
4039:-
3788:.
3772:,
3745:.
3280:pa
3277:ø
3167:la
3130:an
3067::
3039:an
3021:an
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