17:
289:
304:
316:
138:
extended this work by realizing a king's name is often followed by "great king, king of kings" and the name of the king's father. This, related to the known chronology of the
Achaemenid and the relative sizes of each royal names, allowed Grotefend to figure out the cuneiform characters that are part
47:. There he learned Arabic, Armenian, Persian, Syriac and Turkish, plus the basics of several other languages such as Zend and Georgian. By the age of 20 he had already acquired a solid theory and spoken fluency in Armenian and Arabic.
143:. Grotefend's contribution to Old Persian is unique in that he did not have comparisons between Old Persian and known languages, as opposed to the decipherment of the Egyptian hieroglyphics and the
278:, "Xerxes : The Great King") were indeed using the words which Grotefend had identified as meaning "king" and "Xerxes" through guesswork. The findings were published by A.J. Saint-Martin in
773:
246:
Grotefend published his deductions in 1802, but they were dismissed by the
Academic community. It was only in 1823 that Grotefend's discovery was confirmed, when the French archaeologist
733:
The
Persian Cuneiform Inscription at Behistun: Decyphered and Tr.; with a Memoir on Persian Cuneiform Inscriptions in General, and on that of Behistun in Particular
250:, who had just deciphered Egyptian hieroglyphs, had the idea of deciphering the quadrilingual hieroglyph-cuneiform inscription on the famous alabaster vase in the
263:
288:
442:
Relation d'un voyage fait en Europe et dans l'Océan
Atlantique, à la fin du XV siècle sous le règne de Charles VIII, par Martyr, évêque d'Arzendjan
282:. Saint-Martin attempted to define an Old Persian cuneiform alphabet, of which 10 letters were correct, on a total of 39 signs he had identified.
315:
768:
303:
51:
43:
Antoine-Jean Saint-Martin was born in Paris on 17 January 1791, the son of a tradesman. Intending to enter commerce, he attended the
210:
161:
189:
176:
183:
182:
192:
179:
652:
568:
195:
186:
262:, and Saint-Martin, who accompanied Champollion, was able to confirm that the corresponding words in the cuneiform script (
433:, Paris, Librairie orientale de Dondey-Dupré père et fils; Armenian text, French translation by Antoine-Jean Saint-Martin
618:"Extrait d'un mémoire relatif aux antiques inscriptions de Persépolis lu à l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres"
778:
409:
Extrait d'un mémoire relatif aux antiques inscriptions de Persépolis lu à l'Académie des
Inscriptions et Belles Lettres
280:
Extrait d'un mémoire relatif aux antiques inscriptions de Persépolis lu à l'Académie des
Inscriptions et Belles Lettres
592:
271:
73:
57:
In April 1821 he probably was the "Saint Martin" who published the first decipherment of an inscription in the
693:
87:
region of
Armenia in 1827, and in 1828 published Schulz's first report on the remains of the hitherto unknown
44:
788:
783:
753:
449:
135:
16:
717:
251:
95:
80:
65:
671:
385:
372:
351:
341:
704:
642:
558:
107:
731:
542:
Kent, R. G.: "Old
Persian: Grammar Texts Lexicon", page 10. American Oriental Society, 1950.
64:
He later entered the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1822 he was one of the founders of the
763:
758:
226:
517:
8:
617:
406:
123:
111:
140:
648:
622:
588:
564:
415:
69:
32:
28:
490:
486:
461:
425:
58:
440:
747:
147:. All his decipherments were done by comparing the texts with known history.
144:
79:
He was responsible for inducing the French government to send the researcher
258:. The Egyptian inscription on the vase turned out to be in the name of King
466:
430:
396:
390:
377:
356:
346:
518:"Observations sur les inscriptions lyciennes découvertes par M. Cockerell"
462:
Recherches sur l'histoire et la géographie de la Mésène et de la Characène
267:
126:
realized that recurring groups of characters must be the word for "king" (
294:
255:
247:
362:
119:
483:, Paris, Imprimerie nationale—Published posthumously by Félix Lajard
115:
118:
by guesswork only, using
Achaemenid cuneiform inscriptions found in
259:
84:
474:
Histoire d'Arménie, par le patriarche Jean VI, dit Jean Catholicos
494:
94:
Saint-Martin died of cholera in Paris on 17 July 1832 during the
101:
88:
395:
Recherches historiques et géographiques sur les médailles des
419:(in French). Société asiatique (France): 65–90. January 1823.
774:
Members of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
673:
Bulletin des sciences historiques, antiquités, philologie
321:
Old Persian cuneiform translation by Saint-Martin, 1823.
27:(17 January 1791 – 17 July 1832) was a French academic,
139:
of Darius, Darius's father Hystaspes, and Darius's son
31:, and pioneer in the field of what would be known as
334:
Mémoires historiques et géographiques sur l'Arménie
68:, and directed the publication of its journal, the
50:On 2 September 1820 he was elected a member of the
676:(in French). Treuttel et Würtz. 1825. p. 135.
20:Antoine-Jean Saint-Martin (portrait, 19th century)
445:, translation and introduction by J. Saint-Martin
745:
626:(in French). Société asiatique (France): 65–90.
647:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 10–14.
563:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 10–14.
386:Notice sur la vie et les ouvrages de M. Tôchon
644:The Archaeology of the Cuneiform Inscriptions
560:The Archaeology of the Cuneiform Inscriptions
102:Contribution to the decipherment of cuneiform
615:
515:
309:Persepolitan alphabet by Saint-Martin, 1823.
616:Saint-Martin, Antoine-Jean (January 1823).
72:. In 1824 he was appointed director of the
52:Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres
297:, transcription by Saint-Martin in 1823.
15:
691:
635:
633:
552:
550:
548:
746:
481:Fragments d'une histoire des Arsacides
666:
664:
640:
556:
393: ». In: Joseph-François Tôchon,
336:, 2 vols., Imprimerie royale, Paris.
630:
611:
609:
607:
605:
603:
601:
585:Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen
545:
13:
694:"EARLY EXPLORATION IN MESOPOTAMIA"
661:
536:
373:Notice sur le zodiaque de Denderah
106:The early attempts at deciphering
54:, part of the Institut de France.
14:
800:
598:
476:(trad.), Paris, Imprimerie royale
276:Xšayāršā : XŠ : vazraka
769:Members of the Société Asiatique
401:, Imprimerie royale, 256 p.
314:
302:
287:
736:. J.W. Parker. 1846. p. 6.
641:Sayce, Archibald Henry (2019).
639:Pages 10-14, note 1 on page 13
557:Sayce, Archibald Henry (2019).
724:
680:
587:, Mainz am Rhein: von Zabern.
577:
509:
223:Xerxes (Xašayaruša/Ḫašayaruša)
1:
583:Jürgen von Beckerath (1999),
502:
130:, now known to be pronounced
690:II, 1823, PI. II, pp. 65—90
38:
7:
10:
805:
533:(archived at BnF Gallica).
469:, Paris, Imprimerie royale
399:ou préfectures de l'Égypte
153:
45:Collège des Quatre-Nations
779:Armenian studies scholars
426:Choix de fables de Vartan
136:Georg Friedrich Grotefend
74:Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal
25:Antoine-Jean Saint-Martin
435:(in Armenian and French)
326:
81:Friedrich Eduard Schulz
712:Cite journal requires
450:Marie-Félicité Brosset
380:, Delaunay, 51 p.
21:
516:Saint-Martin (1821).
454:Mémoire sur l'Arménie
252:Cabinet des Médailles
108:Old Persian cuneiform
19:
692:AAGE PALLIS, SVEND.
789:Deaths from cholera
784:French orientalists
754:Writers from Paris
522:Journal des Savans
22:
688:Journal asiatique
654:978-1-108-08239-6
623:Journal asiatique
570:978-1-108-08239-6
416:Journal asiatique
244:
243:
218:
217:
214:
213:
207:
206:
199:
198:
70:Journal Asiatique
66:Société Asiatique
796:
738:
737:
728:
722:
721:
715:
710:
708:
700:
698:
684:
678:
677:
668:
659:
658:
637:
628:
627:
613:
596:
581:
575:
574:
554:
543:
540:
534:
532:
530:
529:
524:(Avril): 235–248
513:
436:
420:
318:
306:
291:
173:
172:
165:
164:
158:
157:
154:
150:
149:
129:
124:Friedrich Münter
33:Armenian Studies
804:
803:
799:
798:
797:
795:
794:
793:
744:
743:
742:
741:
730:
729:
725:
713:
711:
702:
701:
696:
685:
681:
670:
669:
662:
655:
638:
631:
614:
599:
582:
578:
571:
555:
546:
541:
537:
527:
525:
514:
510:
505:
434:
405:
329:
322:
319:
310:
307:
298:
292:
224:
127:
104:
96:second pandemic
59:Lycian language
41:
12:
11:
5:
802:
792:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
740:
739:
723:
714:|journal=
679:
660:
653:
629:
597:
576:
569:
544:
535:
507:
506:
504:
501:
500:
499:
498:
497:
477:
470:
457:
446:
437:
421:
402:
383:(1822) «
381:
368:
367:
366:
359:
328:
325:
324:
323:
320:
313:
311:
308:
301:
299:
293:
286:
264:𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠
242:
241:
238:
237:
234:
233:
230:
229:
220:
219:
216:
215:
212:
211:
208:
205:
204:
201:
200:
197:
196:
193:
190:
187:
184:
180:
177:
169:
168:
162:
128:𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹
103:
100:
91:civilization.
40:
37:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
801:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
751:
749:
735:
734:
727:
719:
706:
695:
689:
683:
675:
674:
667:
665:
656:
650:
646:
645:
636:
634:
625:
624:
619:
612:
610:
608:
606:
604:
602:
595:, pp. 220–221
594:
593:3-8053-2310-7
590:
586:
580:
572:
566:
562:
561:
553:
551:
549:
539:
523:
519:
512:
508:
496:
492:
488:
485:
484:
482:
478:
475:
471:
468:
464:
463:
458:
456:, 495 p.
455:
451:
448:(1833) (With
447:
444:
443:
438:
432:
428:
427:
422:
418:
417:
412:
410:
403:
400:
398:
392:
389:, p. PR1, at
388:
387:
382:
379:
376:, p. PA3, at
375:
374:
369:
364:
360:
358:
355:, p. PP7, at
354:
353:
348:
345:, p. PR3, at
344:
343:
338:
337:
335:
331:
330:
317:
312:
305:
300:
296:
290:
285:
284:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
240:
239:
236:
235:
232:
231:
228:
222:
221:
209:
203:
202:
194:
191:
188:
185:
181:
178:
175:
174:
171:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
155:
152:
151:
148:
146:
145:Rosetta Stone
142:
137:
133:
125:
121:
117:
113:
110:were made by
109:
99:
97:
92:
90:
86:
82:
77:
75:
71:
67:
62:
60:
55:
53:
48:
46:
36:
34:
30:
26:
18:
732:
726:
705:cite journal
687:
682:
672:
643:
621:
584:
579:
559:
538:
526:. Retrieved
521:
511:
480:
473:
467:Google Books
460:
453:
441:
431:Google Books
424:
414:
408:
394:
391:Google Books
384:
378:Google Books
371:
357:Google Books
350:
347:Google Books
340:
333:
279:
275:
245:
131:
105:
93:
78:
63:
56:
49:
42:
24:
23:
764:1832 deaths
759:1791 births
295:Caylus vase
256:Caylus vase
248:Champollion
227:hieroglyphs
122:. In 1802,
29:orientalist
748:Categories
528:2021-04-06
503:References
363:Nabu Press
120:Persepolis
361:Reprint:
132:xšāyaθiya
116:Grotefend
39:Biography
489: ;
339:Online:
272:𐎺𐏀𐎼𐎣
260:Xerxes I
89:Urartian
85:Lake Van
495:Gallica
479:(1850)
472:(1841)
459:(1838)
439:(1827)
423:(1825)
404:(1823)
370:(1822)
365:, 2011.
332:(1818)
83:to the
651:
591:
567:
491:Tome 2
487:Tome 1
352:Tome 2
342:Tome 1
254:, the
141:Xerxes
112:Münter
699:: 36.
697:(PDF)
397:nomes
327:Works
718:help
649:ISBN
589:ISBN
565:ISBN
114:and
686:In
493:at
465:at
429:at
270:𐏐
266:𐏐
225:in
134:).
750::
709::
707:}}
703:{{
663:^
632:^
620:.
600:^
547:^
520:.
452:)
413:.
349:,
274:,
268:𐏋
98:.
76:.
61:.
35:.
720:)
716:(
657:.
573:.
531:.
411:"
407:"
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
