576:
117:
the company and criticised Loibl's personally profiting from it.) Additionally, Himmler directed the company to pay substantial sums (290,000 ℛℳ a year) to the
Ahnenerbe and the Lebensborn; financing these had been the primary purpose of its establishment. The Ahnenerbe had chronic financing problems for some years and in 1937 the
342:
116:
Loibl was initially a co-director and co-owner of the company, and received 50% of the income, altogether approximately 500,000 ℛℳ; he was removed for incompetence at the end of 1939 or early in 1940. (An internal report dated June 1939 pointed out
Himmler's use of his power for the benefit of
108:
in order to market it. In his capacity as police chief of the Reich, Himmler had a requirement added to the traffic code on 13 November 1937 which required all newly manufactured bicycles to incorporate these reflectors. The bicycle manufacturers had to pay a licence fee, which amounted to
424:
121:
had reduced its funding and
Himmler set up a foundation to channel funds to it, including from the Loibl concern. The Ahnenerbe's share of the Loibl funds was 77,740 ℛℳ in 1938; the Lebensborn received from 100,000 to 150,000 per year from 1939 on. At the
301:
104:, who was acquainted with Loibl, ensured that he was awarded the patent in preference to an earlier applicant, and the company was established in September 1936 in Berlin by
703:
331:
SS-Wirtschaft und SS-Verwaltung: das SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt und die unter seiner
Dienstaufsicht stehenden wirtschaftlichen Unternehmungen: und weitere Dokumente
100:
in 1923), was a part-time inventor; while working as a machinist and driving instructor, he invented a reflector for bicycle pedals which incorporated glass chips.
470:
1117:
943:
1064:
317:
1127:
129:
Chartered to develop "technical articles of all kinds", the company later diversified and also sold other products, such as a patented lamp.
1023:
409:
Trials of war criminals before the
Nuernberg Military Tribunals under Control Council law no. 10, Nuremberg, October 1946–April, 1949
973:
688:
528:
958:
600:
865:
132:
By the end of the 1930s, when
Germany had achieved full employment, the SS enterprises were using slave labour, including from
105:
1122:
693:
491:
449:
390:
365:
338:
275:
243:
168:
96:
had obtained the driver's job for him in the early 1920s, and he had spent time in prison after participating in the
815:
657:
953:
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279:
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779:
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929:
897:
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206:, Schriftenreihe der Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte 7, Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1963,
870:
698:
682:
875:
514:
137:
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and
Jonathan Huener, University of Vermont, Center for Holocaust Studies, New York: Berghahn, 2004,
860:
713:
265:
215:
172:
133:
436:
Michael Thad Allen, "The
Business of Genocide: the SS, Slavery, and the Concentration Camps", in:
996:
909:
830:
820:
575:
559:
1059:
937:
677:
136:. In January 1938, Loibl showed a visitor around a testing laboratory for aircraft motors at
708:
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8:
1076:
919:
882:
718:
358:
Das "Ahnenerbe" der SS 1935–1945: Ein
Beitrag zur Kulturpolitik des Dritten Reiches
89:
1071:
1013:
1001:
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742:
728:
441:
126:
the Loibl company was described as "still earning considerable funds for 'Ahnenerbe'".
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360:, Studien zur Zeitgeschichte, Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1974,
296:
211:
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In
December 1963 the reflectors were still required on German bicycles.
88:
Anton Loibl, a former long-term chauffeur for Hitler and a decorated SS-
753:
641:
110:
70:
736:
565:
506:
66:
383:"Dem Führer ein Kind schenken": die SS-Organisation Lebensborn e.V.
704:
Office of the Reich Commissioner for Germanic Resettlement (RKFDV)
1081:
784:
413:
Case 8: U.S. v. Greifelt (cont.) Case 4: U.S. v. Pohl (Pohl case)
486:, Politische Religion des Nationalsozialismus 6, : KFVR, 2006,
484:
Der Alchemist Franz Tausend: Alchemie und Nationalsozialismus
333:, Schriften des Bundesarchivs 45a, Düsseldorf: Droste, 1998,
236:
The Master Plan: Himmler's Scholars and the Holocaust
270:, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, 2002,
268:: The SS, Slave Labor, And The Concentration Camps
1104:
73:eugenics programme. It was created to market a
522:
1118:Manufacturing companies established in 1936
529:
515:
204:Die wirtschaftlichen Unternehmungen der SS
290:
288:
230:
228:
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77:invented by Anton Loibl, a chauffeur for
415:, Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O., 1950,
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255:
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196:
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186:
184:
1105:
536:
285:
223:
699:Main Office for Ethnic Germans (VOMI)
694:Office of Race and Settlement (RuSHA)
510:
467:Business and Industry in Nazi Germany
465:Allen, "The Business of Genocide" in
438:Business and Industry in Nazi Germany
16:Nazi German bicycle reflector company
1128:German companies established in 1936
252:
181:
689:Economics and Administration Office
65:which was a funding source for the
13:
294:"SS-Konzern: Pfeffer aus Dachau",
14:
1139:
574:
606:Allgemeine-SS regional commands
476:
459:
430:
402:
816:SS-Begleitkommando des Führers
658:Personal Staff Reichsführer-SS
375:
350:
323:
310:
153:
1:
785:Secret State Police (Gestapo)
663:Command Staff Reichsführer-SS
146:
1049:German Earth and Stone Works
1044:Deutsche Wirtschaftsbetriebe
997:Germaansche SS in Vlaanderen
920:Security Battalions (Greece)
790:State Security Police (SiPo)
763:Police and security services
238:, New York: Hyperion, 2006,
7:
1024:Finnish Volunteer Battalion
992:Germaansche SS in Nederland
800:Customs Border Guards (ZGS)
61:was a company owned by the
10:
1144:
1123:Chauffeurs of Adolf Hitler
683:Reich Security Main Office
163:, Berlin: Metropol, 2003,
1037:SS-controlled enterprises
1036:
972:
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838:
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808:
762:
727:
650:
614:
583:
572:
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385:, Cologne: Böhlau, 2007,
106:Himmler's Personal Office
48:
44:Himmler's Personal Office
40:
32:
24:
795:SS Security Service (SD)
729:Ideological institutions
266:The Business of Genocide
69:research branch and the
910:Order Police battalions
821:Reichssicherheitsdienst
780:Criminal police (Kripo)
770:Uniformed police (Orpo)
678:Head Operational Office
1060:German Equipment Works
775:Schutzpolizei (Schupo)
954:SS Division Totenkopf
949:SS Division Das Reich
944:Leibstandarte (LSSAH)
329:Walter Naasner, ed.,
161:Die Wirtschaft der SS
596:SS and police leader
560:SS-Totenkopfverbände
452:, pp. 81–103,
300:, 25 December 1963,
263:Michael Thad Allen,
959:SS Polizei Division
938:SS-Verfügungstruppe
930:Waffen-SS divisions
883:Rollkommando Hamann
159:Hermann Kaienburg,
134:concentration camps
21:
1014:British Free Corps
1002:Germanske SS Norge
964:SS Division Wiking
743:Das Schwarze Korps
442:Francis R. Nicosia
28:Bicycle reflectors
19:
1100:
1099:
1032:
1031:
809:Führer protection
749:SS-Junker Schools
234:Heather Pringle,
75:bicycle reflector
56:
55:
1135:
1072:Allach porcelain
1019:Kaminski Brigade
974:Foreign SS units
851:Schutzmannschaft
836:
835:
719:Education Office
714:Personnel Office
673:SS Medical Corps
651:Main departments
637:Heinrich Himmler
627:Joseph Berchtold
578:
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124:Nuremberg Trials
102:Heinrich Himmler
90:Hauptsturmführer
59:Anton Loibl GmbH
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20:Anton Loibl GmbH
18:
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1007:Schalburg Corps
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831:Waffen-SS units
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758:
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646:
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591:Reichsführer-SS
579:
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482:Franz Wegener,
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356:Michael Kater,
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302:pp. 30–32
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119:Reichsnährstand
98:Beerhall Putsch
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1065:Klinker-Zement
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846:Einsatzgruppen
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668:SS Main Office
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622:Julius Schreck
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81:. It employed
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36:September 1936
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632:Erhard Heiden
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555:Allgemeine SS
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546:
541:
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539:Schutzstaffel
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492:9783931300180
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450:9781571816542
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381:Volker Koop,
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339:9783770016037
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1087:Sudetenquell
1055:Ostindustrie
893:Selbstschutz
856:Byelorussian
839:Paramilitary
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685: (RSHA)
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83:slave labour
58:
57:
1092:Anton Loibl
1077:Apollinaris
987:Germanic-SS
982:Austrian SS
601:SS commands
499:(in German)
398:(in German)
346:(in German)
316:Kaienburg,
305:(in German)
297:Der Spiegel
219:(in German)
177:(in German)
52:Anton Loibl
1107:Categories
866:Lithuanian
754:Lebensborn
642:Karl Hanke
584:Leadership
147:References
94:Ernst Röhm
71:Lebensborn
905:Trawnikis
871:Ukrainian
737:Ahnenerbe
566:Waffen-SS
411:Volume V
113:in 1939.
67:Ahnenerbe
876:Estonian
548:Branches
421:12799641
25:Industry
1113:Nazi SS
1082:Mattoni
940:(SS-VT)
861:Latvian
615:Leaders
562:(SS-TV)
212:1990667
41:Founder
33:Founded
1051:(DEST)
496:p. 142
490:
448:
440:, ed.
425:p. 532
419:
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364:
343:p. 271
337:
318:p. 494
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173:p. 199
167:
138:Dachau
79:Hitler
471:p. 87
454:p. 85
395:p. 72
370:p. 59
307:(pdf)
216:p. 19
49:Owner
915:Hiwi
542:(SS)
488:ISBN
446:ISBN
417:OCLC
387:ISBN
362:ISBN
335:ISBN
272:ISBN
248:n.p.
240:ISBN
208:OCLC
165:ISBN
1109::
494:,
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111:ℛℳ
85:.
63:SS
530:e
523:t
516:v
473:.
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92:(
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