Architecture of Norway

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Linstow was the first Norwegian architect to be inspired by the Middle Ages in his proposal of 1837 for a square to be surrounded by public building, bisected by an avenue between Christiania and the new Royal Palace. On the north side, planned buildings for the university were to be "composed in some Medieval or Florentine style", with exposed brick-work. His classicist colleague Grosch was the first to convert to historicism and realize a number of red-brick buildings, after his 1838 visit to

848: 2509: 582:. Excavations have revealed that the inner walls were protected by thick ramparts of stone and peat, and there is evidence of several entrances through this rampart-wall. The roof construction of these buildings is uncertain, however. It is difficult to conclude whether the rafts rested on the ramparts or on top of posts. Since it is not uncommon to find several fireplaces along the mid axis of the house, it is deduced that multiple families stayed collectively at these larger houses. 4386: 2026: 2680: 2244: 829: 792: 1284:

government institutions. Architecture was of interest mainly to a limited group of wealthy merchants and landowners. However, toward the close of the previous century, this group saw a remarkable increase in prosperity. Large fortunes were made by a few, who then sought to surround themselves with buildings and gardens appropriate to their social position. Well connected internationally, these people were acquainted with the latest trends in architecture.

810: 619: 417: 51: 2895:. From the early austere principle that form should strictly follow function, there is a growing sensibility that aesthetics affect the physical and emotional health of those who use a building or structure. Norwegian laws concerning occupational health have for several decades emphasized access to daylight and fresh air, and it may also be that harsh climatic conditions create an added imperative for uplifting aesthetics. 1529:, a term introduced by Jens Christian Eldal. A number of residential, institutional, and commercial buildings were built in this style, characterized by ornate, projecting details. Railway stations and churches, designed by trained architects, were distributed all in rural districts and helped to make this style popular and to keep it alive in the vernacular tradition long after it went out of fashion among architects. 2987: 543:

as oval pits that had been cleared for stones. In the centre of the building, there could well have been a fireplace, and a part of the floor could have been covered by a platform on which they could sleep on top of. They were also partly dug into the earth with external ramparts made of earth and stone. Traces of these constructions can be found along the whole coast, but especially in the north:

2787:. Some of the most ambitious and controversial structures have been those dedicated to performing arts, art museums, and any combination of such activities. Since many of these have been built in cities with an architectural legacy, their designs have sought—more or less successfully—to complement the urban landscape by giving it a modern element. Examples include the 2214:(1930) still shows influence from the preceding classicist trend of the 1920s. Hvalstrand bath (1934) is one of several public seaside bath facilities in Norway, by André Peters. A year before, Ingierstrand Bad was designed by Ole Lind Schistad (1891–1979) and Eivind Moestue (1893–1977). Other great names of Norwegian functionalist architecture are 1267:. The two states had separate institutions, except for the king and the foreign service. Regained statehood required new public buildings, mainly in the capital of Christiania. During the following century, the country experienced impressive growth in wealth and population, resulting in a need for new infrastructure and buildings. 731:, however, no new stave churches were built. New churches were mainly of stone or horizontal log buildings with notched corners. Most old stave churches disappeared because of redundancy, neglect or deterioration, or because they were too small to accommodate larger congregations, and too impractical according to later standards. 2337:

alone. Architectural competitions and government programs produced multiple designs available to the public for simple, cost-effective, and rapidly assembled housing. The resulting residental houses, especially in Northern Norway, were spartan and not necessarily up to building standards, but met an

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Thanks to new digging methods like topsoil excavation, archeologists have been able to further uncover the remains or foundations of 400 prehistoric houses that were previously hidden beneath the ground. Prior to this only 200 sites were immediately visible from the surface layer. Throughout the 20th

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As Norway gained full independence in 1905, the national government determined to establish institutions consistent with the newly formed state's ambitions as a modern society. The first prime minister made it a priority to modernize the Royal Palace in Oslo, building among other things, some of the

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Norway gained international recognition in the field of interior and furniture design during this era. Norwegian production of Mid-century modern furniture are known for clean lines, organic forms, and functional designs, using high-quality materials like teak, oak, and leather. Prominent designers

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Late Functionalism (Norwegian: senfunkis) refers to the architectural style that dominated Norwegian design from the end of World War II until around 1960. This style is a continuation of pre-war Functionalism, which prioritized simplicity and utility, but adapted to the specific social and economic

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There have been many instances where several houses have been found together in a cluster. This suggests that multiple family groups that's been living together in the same place. On Vega, such houses were already in use by 7000 BC, and they were still in use 5000 years later, in the transition from

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With time, such tents became semi-permanent through the introduction of a simple foundation, allowing people to stay in one place for longer parts of the year. These "houses" have a diameter of 3–6 meters (9.8–19.7 ft) and covers an area of 20 square meters (220 sq ft), and were found

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Not unlike other countries during the evolution of their economies, Architecture became a tool for and manifestation of social policy, with architects and politicians determining just what features were adequate for the intended residents of housing projects. As late as in 1922, there were many who

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also has numerous art nouveau buildings. In the capital Oslo, few art nouveau buildings were erected, due to a local economic crisis and a stagnant building trade during the first decade of the century. However, some public buildings were constructed in this style, such as the Historical Museum and

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provided a brief but significant interlude in Norway, appearing primarily in the decorative arts, and mainly in interiors, furniture and luxury articles such as table silver, glass and stoneware. In some country districts, folk artists produced the distinctly Norwegian craft of decorative painting,

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Possibly more than 1000 stave churches were built in Norway during the Middle Ages, most of them during the 12th and 13th centuries. Until the beginning of the 19th century, as many as 150 stave churches still existed. Many were destroyed as part of a religious movement that favored simple, puritan

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In the 20th century, Norwegian architecture has been characterized by its connection with Norwegian social policy on the one hand, and innovation on the other. Norwegian architects have been recognized for their work, both within Norway—where architecture has been considered an expression of social

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The architectural designs of these projects have reflected not only the style currents of their time, but the societal debate over the purpose they were intended to serve. Nationalistic ambitions early on gave way to austere designs based on functionalism, and then to designs that emphasized human

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has evolved in response to changing economic conditions, technological advances, demographic fluctuations and cultural shifts. While outside architectural influences are apparent in much of Norwegian architecture, they have often been adapted to meet Norwegian climatic conditions, including: harsh

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Construction in Norway has always been characterized by the need to shelter people, animals, and property from harsh weather, including predictably cold winters and frost, heavy precipitation in certain areas, wind and storms; and to make the most of scarce building resources. Until modern times,

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also had an influence on Norwegian architecture from around 1840. Following the German lead, many classicist architects designed red-brick buildings in a revival of medieval styles. Romanesque and Gothic examples were considered eminently suitable for churches, public institutions and factories.

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in 1905. A new generation of Norwegian architects educated in Sweden took the lead in developing a distinctly national architecture, endeavouring to break the German historicist tradition. However, German modernism and town planning continued to influence early 20th-century architecture. As the

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technology. These buildings were better insulated and better protected against the harsh climate. But the main reason for the rapid adoption of this custom was the more fashionable appearance of boarded walls, which were more suitable than bare log walls as a background to details and ornaments

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nomads, with straight or hook-formed rods. The oldest turf hut had an approximately circle shaped floor plan and was built with two sets of hook latches (rafters that intersect at the roof ridge) which forms roof and walls as one element. For materials they probably used hides and wooden poles.

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Many of the projects have been controversial, and the resulting creative tension has probably served to advance the state of architectural arts in Norway. National and local governments and governmental institutions will continue to be among the largest customers of architects in coming years.

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and others, archaic and otherwise unnecessary restrictions were relaxed, improving opportunities for more Norwegians to build housing to suit their individual needs and preferences. Norwegians often undertake home improvement projects on their own, and many have built most of their own homes.

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At the dawn of the 19th century, less than a handful of academically trained architects were active in Norway, most of them military officers having studied civil engineering. The market for architects was limited in a sparsely inhabited country with no capital city, no court and no important

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As the political power in Norway was consolidated and had to contend with external threats, larger structures were built in accordance with military technology at the time. Fortresses, bridges, and ultimately churches and manors were built with stone and masonry. These structures followed the

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In residential architecture, the era was defined by a commitment to rational design, industrial production, and cost-efficiency. Ornamentation was kept to a minimum, while contrasting materials like limestone bricks and dark wood added visual interest to façades. Many houses were built using

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Since the Middle Ages, most dwellings were log houses with notched corners, carefully crafted to ensure protection against the elements. Centrally placed open-hearth fires with smoke vents in the roofs gave way to stone stoves and chimneys in early modern times. Specialized buildings became

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Before World War II, a number of cooperative investment projects known as "egne hjem" (roughly "our own homes") resulted in a handful of developments, but after the war these gave way to cooperative organizations that were formed to finance and build large-scale residential complexes. The

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Christiania, promoted to the status of a capital city in 1814, had practically no buildings suitable for the many new government institutions. An ambitious building program was initiated, but realised very slowly because of a strained economy. The first major undertaking was the

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Changing demographics and a growing social awareness led to increased political and architectural interest in providing cost-effective, sanitary, and comfortable residential space to the growing urban population in general and the working class in particular. This was known as

1525:. The style and its name originated in Germany, where Swiss popular culture was much admired by the romanticists. Elements such as projecting roofs, verandas and emphasis on gables were inspired from Alpine vernacular buildings. But the style may more correctly be termed 2769:. Social policy in Norway both at the national and local level has emphasized the connection between athletics at the mass and elite levels, and athletic centers have typically been built both to accommodate spectators, participants, and training. As an example, the 1604:

Building practices along the coast also included boathouses, fishing cottages, piers, etc. Here, houses for livestock and people were typically built up from the actual shoreline. A typical medium-sized farm in the inland of Norway would include a dwelling house

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In the early years, such public works were limited to structures needed for the national government's own administrative needs, but an increasing number of large-scale projects were conceived, designed, and completed since 1905 to meet various needs, such as:

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Modern Norwegian farms often maintain many building traditions but no longer need the many and varied buildings of the past. However, many of the traditions have been carried on in more recently built vacation cabins in the mountains and along the coast.

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in 1930, after which the majority of architects all over Scandinavia converted to the modern movement. Nowhere else did Modernism become so firmly established as the mainstream trend in architecture. It maintained its dominant position until about 1940.

650:), possibly based on improvements on the prehistoric longhouses that had roof-bearing posts dug into the ground. Although there is scant archaeological evidence of actual buildings from the earliest permanent structures, finds of Viking ships (e.g., the 1167:

As Norway became a strategic part of the Danish-Norwegian kingdom, Danish kings built fortifications along borders and the seacoast. Over time, many of the fortifications at border areas and ports were modernized in line with Baroque military practice.

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The main archititectural style in the recontruction was an continuation of functionalism, which suited goverment policy of restricted use of building materials. Residental housing often had vernicular interpretations of functionalist principles.

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and several other locations. Most prehistoric longhouses had pairs of roof-bearing posts dividing the interior into three naves, and walls of palisades, wattle and daub or turf. Similar buildings have been excavated all over Northwestern Europe.

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The perceived shortcomings of the mass housing movement led to efforts to create cost-effective housing solutions that were more varied, more integrated with natural surroundings, and above all more customized to families' needs. In 1973, the

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The stave churches owe their longevity to architectural innovations that protected these large, complex wooden structures against water rot, precipitation, wind, and extreme temperatures. Most important was the introduction of massive

2921:. While it may be too much to speak of a renaissance in traditional Norwegian architecture, more and more urban planning is affected by the need to preserve or restore these traditions. Examples include plans to renew the center of 1629:

were usually kept separate from the other houses to prevent fires. Outhouses were typically separate, small structures. If the farm housed craftsmen, there would also be separate houses for carpentry, wheel making, shoemaking, etc.

2813:. The Norwegian State Church, holding the legacy of nearly one thousand years of Norwegian church architecture, commissioned new churches that covered a wide range of architectural styles, including entirely new designs (e.g. the 1299:, spent some years in Norway around the turn of the 19th century. He did minor works for wealthy patrons in and around Oslo, but his major achievement was the renovation of the only seat of higher education in Christiania, the 2388: 1683:– were usually built on stilts in ways that made it difficult for mice and rats, but not cats, to get in. Exterior cladding varied by region, often to take into account local climate conditions. Roofs were often covered with 585:

The first permanent dwellings were probably built between 3000 and 2000 BC, with the introduction of agriculture to Norway. Available evidence indicates that wood was the most used building material for these structures.

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the Stone age into the Bronze Age around 1800 BC. At this point, the houses became larger and they gained a rectangular form, covering an area of 70 square meters (750 sq ft), as demonstrated at Gressbakken in

1975: 2378:, who was tasked with creating a space that reflected the values of peace, cooperation, and functionality. In line with Late Functionalism, the room is adorned with patterned wallpapers and a large mural by the artist 1179:) had a building code that prohibited wooden houses, and a number of large town houses modeled after Continental building types were constructed. Some large churches were constructed with brick walls, notably in 2084:

in Oslo, but there were similar initiatives throughout the country. These co-ops set standards for housing, hired architects to design solutions, and contracted to have them built. Entire sections, known as

2119:– providing separate sleeping quarters for parents and children, and among children led to larger apartments over time. Similarly, most buildings had a limited number of apartments adjoining each staircase. 514:, where excavations have found portable dwellings most likely kept by nomadic reindeer hunters. Traces of similar albeit younger tents have also been found other places along the western coast: Kollsnes in 2363:-inspired Functionalism, Late Functionalism did not reject ornamentation. Public buildings from this period often feature decorative elements such as sculptures, reliefs, and striking murals or frescoes. 5314: 2113:– large apartment buildings were oriented to provide sunlight to the residents, ideally orienting the kitchen toward the east to get the morning light and the living room to the west for evening light. 1559:

Architects abandoned both the "Swiss" and the "dragon" styles shortly after 1900, but elements of the "Swiss style" survived in vernacular buildings for some decades. In the recent past, producers of

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and ecological needs. To a great extent, Norwegian architects have found the opportunity to develop their signature styles through these projects, and thereby also a Norwegian architectural dialect.

2412: 2107:– traditional Norwegian homes combined the family room and kitchen, but in early apartment buildings, small, so-called "laboratory kitchens" were popular. Over time, eat-in-kitchens took their place. 507:

Most of our archeological material derives from surveys done in the 20th century, and excavations done in major cities the past 25 years , including other archeological surveys from the 80s and 90s.

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prefabricated wall sections, though architect-designed homes stood out for their attention to detail and premium materials. Today, these villas are among the most sought-after properties in Norway.

1701:), where cows, goats, and sheep would put out to pasture during the summer months. These would typically include a small dwelling house and a dairy for making and storing cheese, sour cream, etc. 2479:. Norwegian Mid-century modern furniture remains highly sought-after today, valued by collectors and design enthusiasts both in Norway and abroad, solidifying its place in global design history. 1090:, monumental construction in Norway came to a standstill, except for vernacular building, only to be resumed in the 16th and 17th centuries under Danish administration. There are few examples of 646:

with horizontal logs notched at the corners, a technique thought to have been imported from the peoples to the east of Scandinavia. The other was the stave building tradition (typically found in

1676:). Smaller, poorer farms might combine barns and dwelling houses, have simpler storage areas, and use the facilities of other farms for activities they could not afford to build houses for. 2100:

This era—which had spent most of its force by the mid-1970s—led to an increased awareness of the physical and emotional needs of city dwellers. Some of the issues under debate were.

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Most urban apartment buildings and villas continued to be built in the classical tradition, with plastered brick walls. The repertoire of historic styles was expanded in

4008: 3986: 1536:”, which combined motifs from Viking and medieval art with vernacular elements from the more recent past. The most renowned practitioner of this style was the architect 1593:. These practices varied somewhat by region and climatic conditions and evolved over time, but were largely based on use of wood and other locally available resources. 5375: 5360: 5304: 1718: 5345: 2719:

country's first water toilets, providing hot and cold water, and granting the Royal Family's wish of providing a common apartment for the king, queen, and their son.

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to the front of an older structure, and a semi-circular auditorium that was sequestered by Parliament in 1814 as a temporary place to assemble, now preserved at

2170:(or colloquially in Sweden and Norway "funkis"). Modernism found many adherents among young architects, especially in Norway. Its definite breakthrough was the 727:(posts) to prevent them from rotting. Over the two centuries of stave church construction, this building type evolved to an advanced art and science. After the 192: 2573:. Although Brutalism enjoyed popularity for two decades, it also sparked debate and criticism for its perceived coldness, austerity, and lack of human scale. 2097:, but similar areas also emerged in Bergen, Trondheim, and other cities. The apex of this trend was reached in 1966 with the massive buildings in Ammerudlia. 1861: 1845: 3963: 1051:

were built in stone in accordance with standards for defensive fortifications of their time. Many of these were modernized and rebuilt through the years.

2228: 534:. Stone age hunters must have used such simple tent and turf hut constructions, which in principle could have been very similar to those still in use by 3212: 2476: 4343: 3654: 1601:). The introduction of exterior boarding (weatherboarding) in the 18th century improved housing standards considerably and gave rise to larger houses. 1799: 1956: 1937: 492:

century, Scandinavian archeologists have also been attempting to reconstruct prehistoric houses. The largest reconstruction project in Norway is the

314:. Following that, the ascent of Christianity introduced Romanesque architecture in cathedrals and churches, with characteristically slightly pointed 1392:, the avenue connecting the Palace and the city, with a monumental square halfway to be surrounded by buildings for the university, the Parliament ( 5001: 4200: 2472: 1171:

Although most residences were built according to local vernacular traditions, some manors (such as Austrått and Rosendal) exhibit the influence of

1752:, had a certain influence on much of the new construction in Norway around the turn of the 20th century. There was also a local Nordic variation, 2072:

felt that working-class families had no need for their own bath; apartments and small houses only included a small kitchen and one or two rooms.

1540:, who designed a number of tourist resorts, exhibition pavilions and churches in the 1880s and 1890s. These caught the eye of the German emperor 1246:

In towns and central country districts during the 18th century, log walls were increasingly covered by weatherboards, a fashion made possible by

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In the late Middle Ages, the Norwegian state was severely weakened. In 1389 Norway entered into a personal union with Denmark and Sweden in the

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aesthetic. This new direction emphasized simplicity, light-filled interiors, and the use of natural materials like wood, glass, and concrete.

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Several churches that were originally built as Romanesque structures were modified or extended during the Gothic period. Among these are the

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The oldest surviving traces of construction in Norway dates back to about 9000 BC, in mountainous regions near Store Myrvatn in contemporary

2142:) provided citizens with the ability to fund construction of their homes, and an entire construction industry formed to build these needs. 2178:

A number of landmark structures, particularly in Oslo, were built in the functionalist style, with the major example being the monumental

1507:. He designed most of the early villas built from 1858 until 1862 in a variety of styles, ranging from medieval to classicist and exotic. 352:. As a result, the traditional Norwegian farm culture remained strong, and Norway differed from most European countries in never adopting 1344:

The same period saw the erection of a large number of splendid neo-classicist houses in and around all towns along the coast, notably in

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One of the most significant contributions of Norwegian Late Functionalism to international architecture is the interior design of the

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lines, and today only 28 remain, though a large number were documented and recorded by measured drawings before they were demolished.

2581:, and were ultimately demolished in 2020, a decision that underscored the ongoing tensions surrounding Brutalism’s legacy in Norway. 673:

in 1350 are preserved more or less intact in Norway. Most of these are log houses, some with added stave-built galleries or porches.

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forms and modular elements, found a distinct expression in Norway during the post-war period and particularly with the rise of the

1621:), a stable, and occasionally separate houses for poultry, pigs, etc. Houses that had separate heat sources, e.g., washing houses ( 3748:

Arkitektene Christian Heinrich Grosch og Karl Friedrich Schinkel og byggingen av Det kongelige Frederiks Universitet i Christiania

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regarded Norway as a backward province to be exploited, but not worthy of investment in monumental architecture. Hence, ambitious

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Norway's architectural trends are also seen to parallel political and societal changes in Norway over the centuries. Prior to the

4618: 4255: 3690: 2901:. In addition to concerns about air and water pollution, Norwegian architectural design has also emphasized integration with the 1962: 1077:. The eleven houses to the right were rebuilt after a fire in 1702. The six houses to the left were rebuilt after a fire in 1955. 438: 4306: 1899: 5059: 4461: 2905:. More recently, architects have also worked with engineers to make the most out of scarce resources, e.g., energy, water, etc. 2885:) in Oslo reflects an ambition not just to build a vibrant cultural center, but also to create a new architectural icon in the 951: 877: 2587: 755:. Many of these churches have either been lost or rebuilt in the Gothic style, but numerous examples still exist, notably the 4436: 3773:

Historisme i tre: "sveitserstil", byggeskikks-romantikk og nasjonal egenart i europeisk og norsk trearkitektur på 1800-tallet

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The German architectural influence persisted in Norway, and many wooden buildings followed the principles of Neoclassicism.

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style. In polite architecture, a few wooden town houses and manors show rococo influence, notably in Trondheim and Bergen,

380: 23: 2679: 2543:. Many significant buildings were constructed in the Brutalist style. Among the most notable examples are the H-Block and 5416: 4557: 4053:

Kirken som bygg og bilde : rom og liturgi ved et tusenårsskifte : en bok om kirkebygging før, nå og i fremtiden

3888: 2044: 1657:(outer tun). The configuration of houses also depended on whether the farm was situated on a hill or in flatter terrain. 1373: 936: 862: 356:. This, combined with the ready availability of wood as a building material, ensured that relatively few examples of the 310:, wooden structures developed into a sophisticated craft evident in the elegant and effective construction of the Viking 917: 5266: 5079: 4487: 4446: 3343: 2163: 3288: 1918: 375:, which have been preserved in existing farms in the many Norwegian open-air museums that showcase buildings from the 5104: 4603: 4124: 4099: 4060: 4035: 3947: 3922: 3872: 3844: 3805: 3780: 3755: 3727: 3638: 3613: 3587: 3253: 3148: 3129: 3089: 3070: 3051: 1880: 1723: 1572: 642:

Two distinctive timber building traditions found their confluence in Norwegian architecture. One was the practice of

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Post-war modernist architecture in Norway took on a more international perspective, deeply influenced by the global

2243: 847: 446: 4930: 4732: 4441: 4311: 2877:. Buildings have a wider range of purpose, and are expected to meet increasingly complex demands. For example, the 2778: 2374:, completed in 1952 as gift from the Norwegian state. The chamber was designed by the renowned Norwegian architect 478:

transportation infrastructure was also primitive, and builders largely had to rely on locally available materials.

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Until the 20th century, most Norwegians lived and worked in buildings that were designed and built according to

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needed to be rebuilt. In 1945, there was an overwhelming need for housing, with 20,000 homes lost, 12,000 in

2125:– monolithic, homogenous apartment complexes reinforced what some characterized as "social democracy's hell." 3658: 1734:

that has contributed to a Norwegian regional architecture, discussed by the art historian Sigfried Giedeon.

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architecture styles so often built by the ruling classes elsewhere in Europe, were constructed in Norway.

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led to the separation of Norway and Denmark. Norway was restored in 1814 as an autonomous kingdom in a

2831:, including bridges, tunnels, and most notably transit centers for rail, sea, and air transportation. 1152: 996:. As the kings resided in Denmark, Norway was gradually reduced to a provincial status, and after the 18: 5471: 5456: 5451: 5355: 5154: 5114: 4877: 4613: 4451: 4431: 4421: 4177: 1418:(1841–1856). For the university buildings, he sought the assistance of the renowned German architect 1399: 1285: 791: 271: 82: 2321:

is today one of the best preserved examples of reconstruction architecture in Norway. Following the

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Orphanages, later vacated in favor of other solutions that in turn required their own architecture.

2339: 1314: 1121: 1091: 1005: 900: 501: 427: 187: 177: 4375: 3274: 1398:) and other institutions. But only the university buildings were realised according to this plan. 515: 5466: 5421: 5271: 5216: 5169: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5109: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5069: 5054: 5049: 5039: 5029: 5024: 4918: 4747: 4527: 4426: 4406: 4172: 2788: 2711: 1753: 1586: 1465: 1453: 1419: 1117: 1063: 815: 431: 372: 3191: 5497: 5406: 5391: 5309: 5261: 5256: 5246: 5226: 5221: 5199: 5174: 5144: 5099: 5074: 5010: 4913: 4872: 4722: 4676: 4537: 4497: 4492: 4385: 4241: 3436: 3104:

Vestnordisk byggeskikk gjennom 2000 år. Tradisjon og forandring fra romertiden til 19. århundre

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recommended a shift toward small residential houses rather than large apartment buildings. The

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Depending upon the size and economic well-being of the farm, there might also be a feast hall (

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family homes have increasingly reintroduced motifs from the "Swiss" style in their repertoire.

1402:, one of the first fully educated architects in Norway, designed the original building for the 1330: 997: 728: 548: 349: 2166:) was taken up by Scandinavian architects. In Scandinavia this architectural trend was called 1521:

From around 1840, architects started to design wooden buildings in a new style, the so-called

1464:, begun in 1840 and extended in several stages until 1859. Other architects followed, notably 1275: 5281: 5204: 5164: 5134: 5034: 4887: 4742: 4532: 4370: 4301: 3520: 2915:

have undergone significant changes the last few decades, resulting in new religious buildings

2770: 2314: 2068:("the housing cause") in Norwegian popular culture and continues to play a role to this day. 2050: 1489: 1485: 1437: 1300: 1292: 626: 172: 167: 162: 147: 3821: 3700: 2882: 497: 5446: 5436: 5411: 5241: 4862: 4752: 4567: 3686: 3474: 2131: 1544:, who visited Norway annually. He commissioned Munthe to design his "Matrosenstation" near 1394: 1172: 868: 760: 752: 663: 603: 575: 330: 212: 102: 92: 87: 1028: 1020: 8: 5461: 5431: 4827: 4757: 4727: 4681: 4656: 4512: 4411: 4394: 3365: 2992: 2662: 2578: 2574: 2286: 2159: 2035: 1867: 1790: 1411: 1403: 1206:, a residential building that is one of the largest wooden structure in Northern Europe. 1141: 1133: 943: 904: 854: 740: 703: 622: 567: 326: 235: 197: 157: 3192:"The Queen promotes Norwegian architecture at the Royal Institute of British Architects" 2089:—or "satellite cities"—were built in the outskirts of major cities. The first of these, 2012: 4857: 4784: 4774: 4661: 4542: 4475: 4328: 4145: 4070: 3422: 3361: 3000: 2639: 2565:

was the leading figure in Norwegian Brutalism, with other notable architects including

2448: 2269: 2211: 1560: 1537: 1522: 1504: 1415: 1381: 1095: 1044: 1040: 987: 695: 669:

Not counting the 28 remaining stave churches, at least 250 wooden houses predating the

392: 247: 240: 219: 138: 122: 1532:

The Swiss chalet-style evolved into a Scandinavian variation, known in Norway as the "

1062:

in Bergen, starting in the 16th century. They were log buildings combining native and

691: 4954: 4842: 4799: 4779: 4686: 4671: 4641: 4581: 4286: 4273: 4120: 4095: 4056: 4031: 3943: 3918: 3868: 3840: 3801: 3776: 3751: 3723: 3634: 3609: 3583: 3558: 3496: 3249: 3163: 3144: 3125: 3085: 3066: 3047: 3028: 2902: 2860: 2460: 2419: 2399: 2375: 2343: 2183: 2031: 1871: 1714: 1012: 923: 908: 599: 345: 252: 207: 152: 77: 58: 1852: 1836: 1821: 1805: 1769: 1240: 1218: 527: 202: 4837: 4737: 4593: 4281: 4207: 2926: 2922: 2878: 2814: 2742: 2540: 2491: 2464: 2298: 1886: 1785: 1727: 1473: 1389: 1365: 1318: 1203: 1192: 1125: 1111: 1055: 1036: 834: 797: 756: 748: 611: 97: 2647: 2621: 2601: 2562: 2548: 2495: 2219: 1966: 1679:

Building traditions varied by region and type of structure. Food storage houses –

883: 4963: 4867: 4852: 4789: 4717: 4623: 4358: 2774: 2761:

Temporary and provisional housing for the indigent, asylum seekers, and homeless.

2706: 2403: 2330: 2310: 2265: 2261: 2207: 2203: 2187: 1369: 1260: 1099: 739:

The first stone churches in Norway were Romanesque, built under the influence of

659: 182: 129: 107: 34: 2434: 2093:, introduced an entirely new phenomenon in the eastern areas of Oslo such as in 1765: 1577: 1199: 1188: 1129: 1024: 4935: 4923: 3715: 2818: 2796: 2734: 2499: 2395: 2322: 2234: 2179: 1997: 1924: 1634: 1461: 1357: 1353: 747:. Later churches were influenced by Continental architecture. Examples include 744: 699: 3099: 2870:

A number of trends influence contemporary architecture in Norway, among them:

2282: 535: 5486: 5426: 4968: 4812: 3892: 3488: 3246:

Norsk arkitekturhistorie. Frå steinalder og bronsealder til det 21. århundret

2822: 2625: 2556: 2519: 2371: 2294: 2290: 2094: 1477: 1361: 1345: 1180: 1156: 1048: 493: 395:, as well as extant buildings still in service on farms such as those in the 261: 72: 2555:

as part of the main offices of the Norwegian government, featured murals by

1581:

Trønderlåne, example of vernacular architecture typically found in Trøndelag

1279:

The Royal Palace at Oslo, an example of neo-Classical architecture in Norway

4847: 4636: 4323: 4000: 3292: 3063:

Norsk arkitekturhistorie - frå steinalder og bronsealder til 21. hundreåret

2955: 2864: 2792: 2755: 2689: 2566: 2318: 2302: 2146: 2090: 1696: 1646: 1553: 1385: 1236: 1069: 1000:

most of its separate institutions were abolished. The Danish government in

993: 819: 686: 651: 647: 630: 319: 3060: 1638: 552: 4979: 4631: 4227: 3940:

Som fugl føniks av asken? : gjenreisingshus i Nord-Troms og Finnmark

3695: 3405:"Catholic Church of Norway: The History of the Catholic Church in Norway" 3404: 3383: 2839:

consortium at Gardermoen) was Norway's largest construction project ever.

2800: 2685: 2195: 1749: 1549: 1514: 1407: 1160: 1087: 973: 670: 376: 361: 334: 3798:

Norsk folkekunst: kunsthåndverk og byggeskikk i det gamle bondesamfunnet

2856: 1107: 1032: 887: 560: 4769: 4296: 2804: 2751: 2570: 2222:, Fridtjof Reppen, Nicolai Beer (1885–1950) and Per Grieg (1897–1962). 1773: 1744: 1500: 1326: 1296: 1231: 1001: 591: 371:

Instead, these factors resulted in distinctive traditions in Norwegian

307: 42: 2933:

A number of architectural prizes are awarded in Norway, including the

1503:, Oslo's first residential development of detached villas, planned by 1433: 1214: 4193: 3470: 3244:

Brekke, Nils Georg; Nordhagen, Per Jonas; Lexau, Siri Skjold (2008).

2886: 2515: 2468: 2379: 2326: 2081: 1909: 1761: 1533: 1338: 1103: 927: 911:, one of the most important pilgrim destinations in medieval Europe. 654:) suggest significant mastery of woodworking and engineering. In the 643: 618: 595: 388: 353: 323: 1456:. The first major historicist work by Grosch was the neo-romanesque 1120:

undertook a number of projects in Norway that were largely based on

526:

county; and one dating back to around 6500 BC at Fosenstraumen near

416: 4547: 4142:

Luftslottet: materiell og arkitektur ved Oslo Lufthavn - Gardermoen

3061:

Brekke, Nils Georg; Per Jonas Nordhagen; Siri Skjold Lexau (2003).

2836: 2643: 2536: 2334: 2215: 1781: 1510: 587: 579: 556: 531: 523: 519: 511: 311: 4233: 3317: 500:

at Ullandhaug close by Stavanger. There's also the rebuild of the

3672: 2593: 2544: 2360: 1545: 1322: 1304: 1247: 1074: 1059: 801: 655: 607: 357: 338: 50: 2276: 1641:, the houses around a tun were typically organized in a square ( 4264: 2666: 2306: 1947: 1449: 1334: 1225: 958: 783: 707: 590:

dwellings typically combined shelter for animals and humans in

564: 396: 365: 4182: 3912: 3720:

Chr. H. Grosch : arkitekten som ga form til det nye Norge

2986: 4817: 2305:

and others was destroyed by German bombing in 1940. Parts of

2198:, demolished in 1970. Backer also designed the restaurant at 1684: 1626: 838: 764: 662:, a Viking chieftain's holding has been reconstructed at the 544: 522:

county; at Slettnes, Mortensnes (near Nesseby), and Sørøy in

4162: 3913:

Bucher-Johannessen, Bernt; Kjernlie, Eira; Lawrance, Peter.

3044:

Hundre års nasjonsbygging - arkitektur og samfunn, 1905-2005

1789:

the Government office building. In Bergen, the main theatre

1694:

Many places in Norway farms also maintained mountain farms (

1372:, renovated 1812–14 by the Danish architect Løser for count 1329:. This is one of the few brick houses in Norway, boasting a 379:

through to the 19th century; prominent examples include the

2617: 2597: 2552: 2016: 1982: 1928: 1890: 1777: 1556:. These last buildings were destroyed during World War II. 1349: 1184: 1176: 1137: 1016: 1008:

is unusual in Norway compared to other European countries.

403:

policy—and outside Norway, in several innovative projects.

384: 315: 3865:

Hundre års nasjonsbygging: arkitektur og samfunn 1905–2005

2346:

is dedicated to the post-war reconstruction in the North.

594:

in order to preserve heat. Remains of structures from the

1688: 1341:. Collett designed several other manors and town houses. 1221:

in Bergen is an example of Norwegian rococo architecture.

1163:, a border town built to protect the Dano-Norwegian realm 1198:

Probably the most famous Baroque structure in Norway is

337:; in large part as a result of religious influence from 4212: 1726:

was founded in 1910 and began to teach architecture in

303:

winters, high winds and, in coastal areas, salt spray.

2733:

Hospital complexes and polyclinical facilities, e.g.,

1668:), farm hands' dormitory (drengstue), carriage house ( 1388:

and built between 1824 and 1848. Linstow also planned

4168:

Norwegian centre of Art Nouveau - Jugendstil senteret

3580:

A King's Architecture: Christian IV and His Buildings

3493:

Norges festninger : fra Fredriksten til Vardøhus

2527: 1737: 4115:

Bergh, Trond; Ryggvik, Helge; Gulowsen, Jon (2004).

4114: 3915:

Hvalstrand bad : maten, arkitekturen, historien

3243: 2982: 2701: 2442: 1776:

and continues to be a prominent example, along with

1325:

manor, built between 1802 and 1807 by sawmill owner

4208:

Miljølære.no introduction to Norwegian architecture

3964:"Kulturnett article on Reconstruction architecture" 3273:. Museum of Archeology in Stavanger. Archived from 3065:(in Norwegian Nynorsk). Oslo: Det Norske Samlaget. 2237:; architects: Arnstein Arneberg and Magnus Poulsson 3713: 3268: 3215:. Royal Norwegian embassy in Cairo. Archived from 1517:is a good example of the so-called "dragon style". 1140:. King Christian also founded the trading city of 4005:Frisk luft og diett: norske tuberkulosesanatorier 3858: 3856: 3106:(in Norwegian). Stavanger: AmS skrifter nummer 7. 1317:(1771–1833), a graduate of the Mining Academy at 344:During the Middle Ages, the geography dictated a 5484: 4230:- national cultural portal for Norway in English 3098: 3082:Bygget i Norge. En arkitekturhistorisk beretning 2547:(1959 and 1970, respectively), both designed by 2058: 3194:. Royal Norwegian embassy in London. 2005-10-27 2754:, also vacated as the public health problem of 2418:Interior of the UN Security Council Chamber by 2353: 4223:Site on Stave Churches, by Jorgen H. Jensenius 4144:(Masters in sociology thesis) (in Norwegian). 3853: 3822:"MEAM Net article on Christian Norberg-Schulz" 3745: 3540:Norwegian University of Science and Technology 3463:"Rosenkrantztårnet: To tårn for prisen av ett" 3138: 3119: 2777:was rebuilt in 2004–2005, and virtually every 1758:Norwegian University of Science and Technology 1428: 559:. The most notable of these is located in the 4995: 4249: 3685: 3291:. Vega Archipelago Foundation. Archived from 3239: 3237: 3235: 3233: 2821:) to new casts of traditional designs (e.g., 2277:Reconstruction architecture post World War II 1756:, with clear medieval inspirations, like the 1548:and a hunting lodge with a "stave church" in 279: 3629:Bøen, Gunvor Thingstad; Bøen, Hølje (2003). 3517:"Overview of Schøtstuene on the Hansa wharf" 3495:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. 2925:and recent work at the Oslo neighborhood of 2359:conditions of post-war Norway. Unlike early 1713:The German influence brought into Norway by 1708: 1492:, the first neo-gothic church, completed by 3741: 3739: 3460: 2791:(by Jon Eikvar and Sven Erik Engebretsen), 2551:. These buildings, located in the heart of 2153: 1081: 637: 445:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 5009: 5002: 4988: 4256: 4242: 4075:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3230: 3022: 2249:Villa Eide in Bergen; architect: Per Grieg 1566: 1414:(1836–1837), and the first campus for the 1303:, completed in 1800. He added a classical 1058:also built unique commercial buildings at 734: 286: 272: 4568:Membership of International organizations 3577: 3079: 2559:, integrated into the concrete surfaces. 2145:As a result of the pioneering efforts by 2076:largest—Oslo Bolig og Sparelag, known as 465:Learn how and when to remove this message 3999: 3862: 3736: 3714:Seip, Elisabeth; Eldal, Jens Christian; 3631:Kongsberg kirke : bergstadens juvel 3628: 3603: 3552: 3344:"Elisabeth Seip: Architecture in Norway" 3041: 2855: 2705: 1597:commonplace, organized around farmyards 1576: 1509: 1432: 1274: 1213: 1151: 1094:in Norway, the most prominent being the 1068: 690: 617: 602:and the Iron Age have been excavated at 504:from the Viking age at Borg in Lofoten. 17: 4021: 3834: 3533: 3124:. Oslo: Scandinavian University Press. 3027:(in Norwegian Bokmål). Oslo: Abstrakt. 3011: 2825:, by Roar Jacobsen and Ulf Zettersten.) 1963:Solbergfoss Hydroelectric Power Station 1460:and the adjacent fire station near the 1147: 5485: 4213:Norwegian Foundation for Urban Renewal 4089: 4050: 3338: 3336: 3334: 2851: 2514:Interior of Haugesund Public Library, 1484:). Also in Oslo, the German architect 1251:borrowed from classical architecture. 1243:in Bergen being the most significant. 1209: 894: 4983: 4237: 3980: 3795: 3770: 3764: 3746:Aslaksby, Truls; Hamran, Ulf (1986). 3673:"Bergen City Museum site on Damsgård" 3487: 3157: 3110: 2795:by Lund & Slaatto, the "barn" at 3937: 3881: 3113:Om bygningsskikken på landet i Norge 2893:Aesthetics as a factor of well-being 2875:Growing public and private affluence 2773:has been rebuilt several times, the 1664:), a house for the retired farmers ( 1617:), one or more food storage houses ( 1452:, where he met the famous architect 1309:Norwegian Museum of Cultural History 1124:He established mining operations in 981: 486: 443:adding citations to reliable sources 410: 381:Norwegian Museum of Cultural History 24:Norwegian Museum of Cultural History 4263: 4163:Norwegian association of architects 3655:"Statsbygg article on Stiftsgården" 3421:. Nidaros Cathedral. Archived from 3331: 2624:(1959–2020); sandblasted relief by 563:archipelago, an area that is now a 406: 13: 5339:Dependencies and other territories 3139:Norberg-Schulz, Christian (1995). 3120:Norberg-Schulz, Christian (1986). 3102:; Stoklund, Bjarne; Gjærder, Per. 3046:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Pax forlag. 2528:Brutalist architecture 1950s–1970s 2202:, opened in 1929. The art gallery 1944:Såheim Hydroelectric Power Station 1738:Art Nouveau architecture 1900–1920 1730:, there also emerged a distinctly 1649:, there was a distinction between 1114:, and parts of Akershus Fortress. 14: 5514: 4156: 4139: 3837:Fugl Føniks: Ålesund opp av asken 3775:. Scandinavian University Press. 3084:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Gyldendal. 2702:Government-sponsored architecture 2577:suffered permanent damage in the 2443:Mid-Century Modernism 1950s–1970s 2329:troops 1944-1945, large areas in 1732:Norwegian collegium of architects 1724:Norwegian Institute of Technology 1573:Vernacular architecture in Norway 1406:(1826–1828), the local branch of 1270: 680: 4384: 3289:"Vega Islands as World Heritage" 2985: 2781:has built year-round facilities. 2767:Sports and recreation facilities 2678: 2655: 2632: 2609: 2586: 2507: 2484: 2427: 2411: 2387: 2338:immediate need for shelter. The 2254: 2242: 2227: 2043: 2024: 2005: 1990: 1974: 1955: 1936: 1917: 1898: 1879: 1860: 1844: 1829: 1813: 1798: 1472:(penitentiary) (1844–1851), the 1288:structures were much in demand. 1175:. Only the city of Christiania ( 966: 950: 935: 916: 876: 861: 846: 827: 808: 790: 772: 415: 49: 5298:States with limited recognition 4133: 4108: 4083: 4044: 4015: 3993: 3974: 3956: 3931: 3906: 3889:"OBOS: Historikk og arkitektur" 3828: 3814: 3789: 3707: 3679: 3665: 3647: 3622: 3597: 3571: 3546: 3527: 3509: 3481: 3454: 3429: 3411: 3397: 3006:Norske arkitekters landsforbund 2785:Centers for cultural expression 2368:United Nations Security Council 1772:was rebuilt almost entirely in 1254: 677:European styles of their time. 4022:Martens, Johan-Ditlef (2001). 3981:Balto, John Arne, ed. (2000). 3771:Eldal, Jens Christian (1998). 3699:(in Norwegian). Archived from 3372: 3350: 3306: 3281: 3262: 3205: 3184: 1445:Norwegian romantic nationalism 496:at Forsand in Ryfylke and the 1: 4364:Norwegian government-in-exile 4173:Norwegian architecture museum 3718:; Torvanger, Åse Moe (eds.). 3578:Skovgaard, Joakim A. (1973). 3437:"Norway in the United States" 3419:"About the Nidaros Cathedral" 3122:Modern Norwegian Architecture 2919:Norwegian building traditions 2829:Transportation infrastructure 2739:Haukeland University Hospital 2059:Mass residential architecture 4317:Hereditary Kingdom of Norway 4312:Kingdom of Norway (872–1397) 4092:Tromsdalskjerka fyller førti 3867:(in Norwegian). Pax forlag. 3407:. Catholic Church of Norway. 2354:Late Functionalism 1945–1960 2317:in 1944. The city centre of 2136:Norwegian State Housing Bank 7: 4117:Jernbanen i Norge 1854-2004 3917:(in Norwegian). Schibsted. 3553:Andersen, Håkon A. (1996). 3162:. Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. 2978: 2535:, characterized by its raw 1429:Romanticism and historicism 1144:, naming it after himself. 10: 5519: 3158:Bruun, Ole Daniel (1999). 2194:restaurant (1925–1927) by 1570: 1265:personal union with Sweden 985: 684: 481: 5384: 5338: 5315:Nagorno-Karabakh Republic 5297: 5017: 4948: 4901: 4798: 4708: 4699: 4589: 4580: 4483: 4474: 4402: 4393: 4382: 4272: 4024:Idrettsanlegg og estetikk 3604:Ødegaard, Sverre (1997). 3025:Norges arkitekturhistorie 3023:Gunnarsjaa, Arne (2006). 2728:Public health and welfare 2616:Interior of the H-Block, 2080:—built its first complex 1793:is a monumental example. 1709:20th-century architecture 1400:Christian Heinrich Grosch 1295:(1769–1805), educated in 1202:, the Royal residence in 4488:Administrative divisions 4334:Kingdom of Norway (1814) 4051:Sæther, Arne E. (2001). 3938:Hage, Ingebjørg (1999). 3835:Grytten, Harald (2004). 3796:Anker, Peter M. (2004). 3314:"Fortidslandsbyen Landa" 3269:Sveinung Bang-Andersen. 3177: 3016: 2437:, by Arvid Sundby (1961) 2340:Museum of Reconstruction 2190:. The first one was the 2154:Functionalism 1920s–1940 1719:gained full independence 1672:), and even distillery ( 1321:, designed the splendid 1311:as a national monument. 1122:Renaissance architecture 1092:Renaissance architecture 1082:Renaissance architecture 1006:Renaissance architecture 741:Anglo-Saxon missionaries 638:Viking and medieval eras 4604:Government Pension Fund 4228:Norway Cultural Profile 4090:Mellem, Reidun (2005). 3983:Norsk sykehusarkitektur 3582:. London: Hugh Evelyn. 3213:"Library in Alexandria" 3080:Brochmann, Odd (1979). 2973:Stålkonstruksjonsprisen 2789:Henie-Onstad Art Centre 2541:social democratic state 1754:National Romantic style 1567:Vernacular architecture 1466:Heinrich Ernst Schirmer 1454:Karl Friedrich Schinkel 1420:Karl Friedrich Schinkel 1106:, and the contemporary 735:Romanesque architecture 373:vernacular architecture 5493:Architecture in Norway 5060:Bosnia and Herzegovina 5011:Architecture of Europe 4026:(in Norwegian). Oslo: 4009:Fortidsminneforeningen 3987:Fortidsminneforeningen 3863:Grønvold, Ulf (2005). 3534:Christensen, Kristel. 3111:Sundt, Eilert (1862). 3042:Grønvold, Ulf (2005). 2943:Statens byggeskikkpris 2935:Houen Foundation Award 2913:Norwegian demographics 2899:Environmental concerns 2867: 2715: 2575:The Government Quarter 2533:Brutalist architecture 2325:tactics of retreating 1748:, a German variant of 1582: 1518: 1441: 1374:Herman Wedel-Jarlsberg 1280: 1222: 1164: 1078: 743:, particularly bishop 711: 634: 300:architecture of Norway 27: 3687:Thiis-Evensen, Thomas 2909:Demographic diversity 2859: 2771:Holmenkollen ski jump 2709: 2313:bombing and a German 2051:Bergen Public Library 1870:, Bergen; architect: 1768:in 1904, the city of 1635:Eastern inland Norway 1589:building traditions ( 1580: 1513: 1488:(1799-1853) designed 1486:Alexis de Chateauneuf 1436: 1293:Carl Frederik Stanley 1278: 1217: 1155: 1072: 1035:, the Kongsgården in 694: 627:Notodden Municipality 621: 516:Øygarden Municipality 502:large chieftain house 494:Bronze Age settlement 22:Storage house at the 21: 4893:Romantic nationalism 4503:Correctional Service 4462:World Heritage Sites 4204:architecture journal 3461:Morten Ryen (2005). 3219:on December 22, 2007 3012:References and notes 2172:Stockholm Exhibition 2132:Parliament of Norway 1476:(1844–1855) and the 1173:Baroque architecture 1148:Baroque architecture 1011:Fortresses, such as 903:(now in ruins), the 869:Old Kviteseid Church 761:Harstad Municipality 753:Old Kviteseid Church 664:Lofotr Viking Museum 576:Nesseby Municipality 439:improve this section 3942:. Oslo: Gyldendal. 3358:"Oseberg find site" 3143:. Oslo: Gyldendal. 2993:Architecture portal 2951:Betongelementprisen 2852:Contemporary themes 2663:Slettebakken Church 2579:2011 terror attacks 2164:International style 2158:In the late 1920s, 1868:Den Nationale Scene 1791:Den Nationale Scene 1717:abated when Norway 1613:), livestock barn ( 1527:historicism in wood 1490:Trefoldighetskirken 1412:Christiania Theatre 1404:Oslo Stock Exchange 1210:Rococo architecture 1134:World Heritage Site 944:Stavanger Cathedral 907:, and the renowned 905:Stavanger Cathedral 901:Old Hamar Cathedral 895:Gothic architecture 855:Stavanger Cathedral 745:Nicholas Breakspear 704:world Heritage Site 623:Heddal Stave Church 568:World Heritage Site 4858:Norwegian language 4667:Telecommunications 4354:Reichskommissariat 4192:, the magazine of 4146:University of Oslo 4028:Kulturdepartmentet 3800:. Oslo: Cappelen. 3362:University of Oslo 3001:Churches in Norway 2879:new opera building 2868: 2716: 2640:Bakkehaugen Church 2449:Mid-century modern 2270:Herman Munthe-Kaas 2212:Herman Munthe-Kaas 1583: 1538:Holm Hansen Munthe 1523:Swiss chalet style 1519: 1505:Georg Andreas Bull 1442: 1416:University of Oslo 1408:the Bank of Norway 1337:, and a classical 1333:layout, a central 1301:Oslo Katedralskole 1281: 1223: 1165: 1079: 1073:Panoramic view of 942:Eastern facade of 853:Western facade of 712: 696:Urnes stave church 635: 555:and Mortensnes in 28: 5503:Culture of Norway 5480: 5479: 4977: 4976: 4944: 4943: 4763:language conflict 4695: 4694: 4642:Norwegian paradox 4576: 4575: 4558:Political parties 4518:Foreign relations 4470: 4469: 3691:"Det nye Slottet" 3536:Baroniet Rosendal 3169:978-82-573-0948-0 3160:Arkitektur i Oslo 3034:978-82-7935-127-6 2903:natural landscape 2861:Rica Seilet Hotel 2461:Fredrik A. Kayser 2420:Arnstein Arneberg 2400:Arnstein Arneberg 2376:Arnstein Arneberg 2315:munition accident 2309:was destroyed by 2184:Arnstein Arneberg 2032:Nordlandet Church 1872:Einar Oscar Schou 1820:Kongens gate 24, 1315:Christian Collett 1096:Rosenkrantz Tower 1045:Rosenkrantz Tower 982:Under Danish rule 957:Haakonshallen in 924:Nidaros Cathedral 909:Nidaros Cathedral 487:Prehistoric times 475: 474: 467: 346:dispersed economy 296: 295: 26:, from about 1800 5510: 5018:Sovereign states 5004: 4997: 4990: 4981: 4980: 4957: 4833: 4823: 4706: 4705: 4652:Renewable energy 4627: 4587: 4586: 4481: 4480: 4400: 4399: 4388: 4344:End of the union 4307:High Middle Ages 4258: 4251: 4244: 4235: 4234: 4218:AllGreen Network 4150: 4149: 4137: 4131: 4130: 4119:(in Norwegian). 4112: 4106: 4105: 4094:(in Norwegian). 4087: 4081: 4080: 4074: 4066: 4048: 4042: 4041: 4019: 4013: 4012: 4007:(in Norwegian). 3997: 3991: 3990: 3985:(in Norwegian). 3978: 3972: 3971: 3966:. Archived from 3960: 3954: 3953: 3935: 3929: 3928: 3910: 3904: 3903: 3901: 3900: 3891:. Archived from 3885: 3879: 3878: 3860: 3851: 3850: 3832: 3826: 3825: 3818: 3812: 3811: 3793: 3787: 3786: 3768: 3762: 3761: 3750:(in Norwegian). 3743: 3734: 3733: 3722:(in Norwegian). 3711: 3705: 3704: 3683: 3677: 3676: 3669: 3663: 3662: 3657:. Archived from 3651: 3645: 3644: 3633:(in Norwegian). 3626: 3620: 3619: 3608:(in Norwegian). 3606:Bergstaden Røros 3601: 3595: 3593: 3575: 3569: 3568: 3550: 3544: 3543: 3538:(Major thesis). 3531: 3525: 3524: 3519:. Archived from 3513: 3507: 3506: 3485: 3479: 3478: 3473:. Archived from 3458: 3452: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3433: 3427: 3426: 3415: 3409: 3408: 3401: 3395: 3394: 3392: 3391: 3382:. Archived from 3376: 3370: 3369: 3364:. Archived from 3354: 3348: 3347: 3340: 3329: 3328: 3326: 3325: 3316:. Archived from 3310: 3304: 3303: 3301: 3300: 3285: 3279: 3278: 3266: 3260: 3259: 3248:(in Norwegian). 3241: 3228: 3227: 3225: 3224: 3209: 3203: 3202: 3200: 3199: 3188: 3173: 3154: 3135: 3116: 3107: 3095: 3076: 3057: 3038: 2995: 2990: 2989: 2815:Arctic Cathedral 2743:Gaustad Hospital 2712:National Theatre 2682: 2659: 2636: 2613: 2590: 2511: 2492:Arctic Cathedral 2488: 2465:Sven Ivar Dysthe 2431: 2415: 2394:The interior of 2391: 2258: 2246: 2231: 2047: 2028: 2013:Vålerenga Church 2009: 1994: 1978: 1959: 1940: 1921: 1902: 1887:Fagerborg Church 1883: 1864: 1848: 1833: 1817: 1802: 1653:(inner tun) and 1474:Gaustad Hospital 1390:Karl Johans gate 1056:Hanseatic League 970: 954: 939: 920: 880: 865: 850: 835:Ringsaker Church 831: 812: 798:Trondenes Church 794: 780:St Mary's Church 776: 757:Trondenes Church 749:Ringsaker Church 470: 463: 459: 456: 450: 419: 411: 407:General features 288: 281: 274: 262:Norwegian Portal 53: 30: 29: 5518: 5517: 5513: 5512: 5511: 5509: 5508: 5507: 5483: 5482: 5481: 5476: 5380: 5334: 5320:Northern Cyprus 5293: 5190:North Macedonia 5013: 5008: 4978: 4973: 4960: 4953: 4940: 4897: 4878:Public holidays 4831: 4821: 4794: 4691: 4625: 4572: 4493:National budget 4466: 4452:Protected areas 4389: 4380: 4359:Quisling regime 4268: 4262: 4178:DOCOMOMO Norway 4159: 4154: 4153: 4138: 4134: 4127: 4113: 4109: 4102: 4088: 4084: 4068: 4067: 4063: 4049: 4045: 4038: 4020: 4016: 3998: 3994: 3979: 3975: 3962: 3961: 3957: 3950: 3936: 3932: 3925: 3911: 3907: 3898: 3896: 3887: 3886: 3882: 3875: 3861: 3854: 3847: 3833: 3829: 3820: 3819: 3815: 3808: 3794: 3790: 3783: 3769: 3765: 3758: 3744: 3737: 3730: 3716:Seip, Anne-Lise 3712: 3708: 3684: 3680: 3671: 3670: 3666: 3653: 3652: 3648: 3641: 3627: 3623: 3616: 3602: 3598: 3590: 3576: 3572: 3565: 3551: 3547: 3532: 3528: 3515: 3514: 3510: 3503: 3486: 3482: 3459: 3455: 3445: 3443: 3435: 3434: 3430: 3417: 3416: 3412: 3403: 3402: 3398: 3389: 3387: 3380:"Lofotr museum" 3378: 3377: 3373: 3356: 3355: 3351: 3342: 3341: 3332: 3323: 3321: 3320:on 3 April 2008 3312: 3311: 3307: 3298: 3296: 3287: 3286: 3282: 3267: 3263: 3256: 3242: 3231: 3222: 3220: 3211: 3210: 3206: 3197: 3195: 3190: 3189: 3185: 3180: 3170: 3151: 3132: 3092: 3073: 3054: 3035: 3019: 3014: 2991: 2984: 2981: 2854: 2807:(by Knud Munk). 2775:Bislett Stadion 2704: 2697: 2683: 2674: 2660: 2651: 2637: 2628: 2614: 2605: 2591: 2530: 2523: 2512: 2503: 2489: 2445: 2438: 2432: 2423: 2416: 2407: 2404:Magnus Poulsson 2392: 2356: 2331:Northern Norway 2279: 2272: 2266:Gudolf Blakstad 2262:Kunstnernes Hus 2259: 2250: 2247: 2238: 2232: 2208:Gudolf Blakstad 2204:Kunstnernes Hus 2188:Magnus Poulsson 2156: 2061: 2054: 2048: 2039: 2029: 2020: 2010: 2001: 1995: 1986: 1979: 1970: 1960: 1951: 1941: 1932: 1922: 1913: 1908:main building, 1903: 1894: 1884: 1875: 1865: 1856: 1849: 1840: 1834: 1825: 1818: 1809: 1803: 1760:main campus in 1740: 1711: 1575: 1569: 1478:Railway Station 1431: 1370:Jarlsberg Manor 1273: 1261:Napoleonic Wars 1257: 1212: 1150: 1100:Barony Rosendal 1084: 990: 984: 977: 971: 962: 955: 946: 940: 931: 921: 897: 890: 881: 872: 866: 857: 851: 842: 832: 823: 816:Sister Churches 813: 804: 795: 786: 777: 737: 723:underneath the 702:is listed as a 689: 683: 660:Northern Norway 658:archipelago in 640: 489: 484: 471: 460: 454: 451: 436: 420: 409: 292: 12: 11: 5: 5516: 5506: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5478: 5477: 5475: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5417:Pre-Romanesque 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5388: 5386: 5382: 5381: 5379: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5342: 5340: 5336: 5335: 5333: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5301: 5299: 5295: 5294: 5292: 5291: 5286: 5285: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5267:United Kingdom 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5208: 5207: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5080:Czech Republic 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5021: 5019: 5015: 5014: 5007: 5006: 4999: 4992: 4984: 4975: 4974: 4972: 4971: 4966: 4959: 4958: 4950: 4949: 4946: 4945: 4942: 4941: 4939: 4938: 4936:Name of Norway 4933: 4928: 4927: 4926: 4916: 4911: 4905: 4903: 4899: 4898: 4896: 4895: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4825: 4815: 4810: 4804: 4802: 4796: 4795: 4793: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4766: 4765: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4713:Climate change 4709: 4703: 4697: 4696: 4693: 4692: 4690: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4657:Stock Exchange 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4590: 4584: 4578: 4577: 4574: 4573: 4571: 4570: 4565: 4563:Prime Minister 4560: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4484: 4478: 4472: 4471: 4468: 4467: 4465: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4442:Municipalities 4439: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4417:Extreme points 4414: 4409: 4403: 4397: 4391: 4390: 4383: 4381: 4379: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4367: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4329:Denmark–Norway 4326: 4321: 4320: 4319: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4292:Petty kingdoms 4289: 4284: 4278: 4276: 4270: 4269: 4267: articles 4261: 4260: 4253: 4246: 4238: 4232: 4231: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4205: 4197: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4158: 4157:External links 4155: 4152: 4151: 4132: 4125: 4107: 4100: 4082: 4061: 4043: 4036: 4014: 3992: 3973: 3970:on 2007-09-28. 3955: 3948: 3930: 3923: 3905: 3880: 3873: 3852: 3845: 3827: 3813: 3806: 3788: 3781: 3763: 3756: 3735: 3728: 3706: 3703:on 2012-07-19. 3689:(2000-06-24). 3678: 3664: 3661:on 2006-07-14. 3646: 3639: 3621: 3614: 3596: 3588: 3570: 3563: 3545: 3526: 3523:on 2006-10-19. 3508: 3501: 3489:Kavli, Guthorm 3480: 3477:on 2006-07-14. 3453: 3441:Norgesportalen 3428: 3425:on 2006-07-07. 3410: 3396: 3371: 3368:on 2006-06-15. 3349: 3346:. 16 May 2017. 3330: 3305: 3280: 3277:on 2007-12-21. 3261: 3254: 3229: 3204: 3182: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3175: 3174: 3168: 3155: 3149: 3136: 3130: 3117: 3108: 3096: 3090: 3077: 3071: 3058: 3052: 3039: 3033: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3009: 3008: 3003: 2997: 2996: 2980: 2977: 2965:Murverksprisen 2931: 2930: 2916: 2906: 2896: 2890: 2853: 2850: 2841: 2840: 2826: 2819:Jan Inge Hovig 2808: 2782: 2764: 2763: 2762: 2759: 2749: 2746: 2735:Rikshospitalet 2703: 2700: 2699: 2698: 2684: 2677: 2675: 2661: 2654: 2652: 2638: 2631: 2629: 2615: 2608: 2606: 2592: 2585: 2529: 2526: 2525: 2524: 2513: 2506: 2504: 2500:Jan Inge Hovig 2490: 2483: 2477:Torbjørn Afdal 2473:Arne Halvorsen 2444: 2441: 2440: 2439: 2433: 2426: 2424: 2417: 2410: 2408: 2396:Oslo City Hall 2393: 2386: 2355: 2352: 2323:scorched earth 2281:The cities of 2278: 2275: 2274: 2273: 2264:; architects: 2260: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2241: 2239: 2235:Oslo City Hall 2233: 2226: 2180:Oslo City Hall 2155: 2152: 2127: 2126: 2120: 2114: 2108: 2060: 2057: 2056: 2055: 2049: 2042: 2040: 2030: 2023: 2021: 2011: 2004: 2002: 1998:Bergen station 1996: 1989: 1987: 1980: 1973: 1971: 1961: 1954: 1952: 1942: 1935: 1933: 1925:Frogner Church 1923: 1916: 1914: 1904: 1897: 1895: 1885: 1878: 1876: 1866: 1859: 1857: 1853:Ålesund Church 1850: 1843: 1841: 1837:Ålesund Church 1835: 1828: 1826: 1819: 1812: 1810: 1804: 1797: 1739: 1736: 1715:neo-classicism 1710: 1707: 1571:Main article: 1568: 1565: 1462:Oslo Cathedral 1438:Trinity Church 1430: 1427: 1384:, designed by 1272: 1271:Neo-classicism 1269: 1256: 1253: 1241:Damsgård Manor 1235:, and related 1219:Damsgård Manor 1211: 1208: 1149: 1146: 1083: 1080: 988:Denmark–Norway 983: 980: 979: 978: 972: 965: 963: 956: 949: 947: 941: 934: 932: 922: 915: 896: 893: 892: 891: 882: 875: 873: 867: 860: 858: 852: 845: 843: 833: 826: 824: 814: 807: 805: 796: 789: 787: 778: 771: 736: 733: 700:Luster, Norway 685:Main article: 682: 681:Stave churches 679: 648:stave churches 639: 636: 629:, the largest 488: 485: 483: 480: 473: 472: 423: 421: 414: 408: 405: 294: 293: 291: 290: 283: 276: 268: 265: 264: 258: 257: 256: 255: 250: 245: 244: 243: 230: 229: 225: 224: 223: 222: 217: 216: 215: 210: 205: 203:Sámi Americans 195: 193:United Kingdom 190: 185: 180: 175: 170: 165: 160: 155: 150: 142: 141: 135: 134: 133: 132: 127: 126: 125: 120: 115: 110: 105: 100: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 62: 61: 55: 54: 46: 45: 39: 38: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5515: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5498:Norwegian art 5496: 5494: 5491: 5490: 5488: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5427:Romano-Gothic 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5402:Ancient Roman 5400: 5398: 5397:Ancient Greek 5395: 5393: 5390: 5389: 5387: 5383: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5351:Faroe Islands 5349: 5347: 5344: 5343: 5341: 5337: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5325:South Ossetia 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5302: 5300: 5296: 5290: 5287: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5269: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5206: 5203: 5202: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5150:Liechtenstein 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5022: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5005: 5000: 4998: 4993: 4991: 4986: 4985: 4982: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4961: 4956: 4952: 4951: 4947: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4925: 4924:national flag 4922: 4921: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4906: 4904: 4900: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4805: 4803: 4801: 4797: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4764: 4761: 4760: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4748:Incarceration 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4733:Ethnic groups 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4710: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4698: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4632:National bank 4630: 4628: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4591: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4579: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4528:Incarceration 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4485: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4473: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4404: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4392: 4387: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4351: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4339:Sweden–Norway 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4318: 4315: 4314: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4279: 4277: 4275: 4271: 4266: 4259: 4254: 4252: 4247: 4245: 4240: 4239: 4236: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4203: 4202: 4198: 4195: 4191: 4190: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4160: 4147: 4143: 4140:Elnan, Lars. 4136: 4128: 4126:82-419-0333-2 4122: 4118: 4111: 4103: 4101:82-992267-1-6 4097: 4093: 4086: 4078: 4072: 4064: 4062:82-992135-1-7 4058: 4054: 4047: 4039: 4037:82-05-28524-1 4033: 4029: 4025: 4018: 4010: 4006: 4002: 4001:Skogheim, Dag 3996: 3988: 3984: 3977: 3969: 3965: 3959: 3951: 3949:82-417-1045-3 3945: 3941: 3934: 3926: 3924:82-516-1965-3 3920: 3916: 3909: 3895:on 2016-04-20 3894: 3890: 3884: 3876: 3874:82-530-2758-3 3870: 3866: 3859: 3857: 3848: 3846:82-91024-08-1 3842: 3838: 3831: 3823: 3817: 3809: 3807:82-02-23839-0 3803: 3799: 3792: 3784: 3782:82-00-12982-9 3778: 3774: 3767: 3759: 3757:82-90359-32-2 3753: 3749: 3742: 3740: 3731: 3729:9788253030647 3725: 3721: 3717: 3710: 3702: 3698: 3697: 3692: 3688: 3682: 3674: 3668: 3660: 3656: 3650: 3642: 3640:9788291399232 3636: 3632: 3625: 3617: 3615:82-91399-03-4 3611: 3607: 3600: 3591: 3589:9780238789793 3585: 3581: 3574: 3566: 3560: 3556: 3549: 3541: 3537: 3530: 3522: 3518: 3512: 3504: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3484: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3457: 3442: 3438: 3432: 3424: 3420: 3414: 3406: 3400: 3386:on 2010-08-20 3385: 3381: 3375: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3353: 3345: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3319: 3315: 3309: 3295:on 2007-11-28 3294: 3290: 3284: 3276: 3272: 3265: 3257: 3255:9788252172362 3251: 3247: 3240: 3238: 3236: 3234: 3218: 3214: 3208: 3193: 3187: 3183: 3171: 3165: 3161: 3156: 3152: 3150:82-05-23502-3 3146: 3142: 3137: 3133: 3131:82-00-07696-2 3127: 3123: 3118: 3114: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3091:82-05-12328-4 3087: 3083: 3078: 3074: 3072:82-521-5748-3 3068: 3064: 3059: 3055: 3053:82-530-2758-3 3049: 3045: 3040: 3036: 3030: 3026: 3021: 3020: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2998: 2994: 2988: 2983: 2976: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2957: 2952: 2948: 2947:Sundts premie 2944: 2940: 2936: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2917: 2914: 2910: 2907: 2904: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2884: 2881:(designed by 2880: 2876: 2873: 2872: 2871: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2849: 2845: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2827: 2824: 2823:Veldre Church 2820: 2816: 2812: 2809: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2797:Hedmarkmuseet 2794: 2790: 2786: 2783: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2765: 2760: 2757: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2731: 2730:, including: 2729: 2726: 2725: 2724: 2720: 2713: 2708: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2681: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2658: 2653: 2649: 2648:Erling Viksjø 2645: 2641: 2635: 2630: 2627: 2626:Pablo Picasso 2623: 2622:Erling Viksjø 2619: 2612: 2607: 2603: 2602:Erling Viksjø 2599: 2595: 2589: 2584: 2583: 2582: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2563:Erling Viksjø 2560: 2558: 2557:Pablo Picasso 2554: 2550: 2549:Erling Viksjø 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2521: 2520:David Sandved 2517: 2510: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2487: 2482: 2481: 2480: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2456: 2452: 2450: 2436: 2430: 2425: 2421: 2414: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2390: 2385: 2384: 2383: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2364: 2362: 2351: 2347: 2345: 2341: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2257: 2252: 2245: 2240: 2236: 2230: 2225: 2224: 2223: 2221: 2220:Maja Melandsø 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2176: 2173: 2169: 2168:Functionalism 2165: 2161: 2151: 2148: 2143: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2111:Natural light 2109: 2106: 2103: 2102: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2083: 2079: 2073: 2069: 2067: 2052: 2046: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2027: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2008: 2003: 1999: 1993: 1988: 1984: 1981:Villa Otium, 1977: 1972: 1968: 1967:Indre Østfold 1964: 1958: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1939: 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4376:21st century 4349:World War II 4324:Kalmar Union 4199: 4187: 4183:Arkitektnytt 4141: 4135: 4116: 4110: 4091: 4085: 4052: 4046: 4023: 4017: 4004: 3995: 3982: 3976: 3968:the original 3958: 3939: 3933: 3914: 3908: 3897:. 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Retrieved 3186: 3159: 3140: 3121: 3112: 3103: 3100:Myhre, Bjørn 3081: 3062: 3043: 3024: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956:Betongtavlen 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2932: 2918: 2908: 2898: 2892: 2874: 2869: 2846: 2842: 2833:Oslo airport 2828: 2810: 2793:Chateau Neuf 2784: 2779:municipality 2766: 2756:tuberculosis 2727: 2721: 2717: 2694:Alv Erikstad 2690:Kristiansand 2567:Nils Slaatto 2561: 2531: 2457: 2453: 2446: 2435:Bodø Station 2365: 2357: 2348: 2287:Kristiansund 2280: 2199: 2191: 2177: 2157: 2147:Olav Selvaag 2144: 2139: 2128: 2122: 2116: 2110: 2104: 2099: 2091:Lambertseter 2086: 2077: 2074: 2070: 2065: 2062: 2036:Kristiansund 1766:Ålesund Fire 1764:. After the 1743: 1741: 1712: 1703: 1695: 1693: 1680: 1678: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1659: 1654: 1650: 1647:Gudbrandsdal 1642: 1632: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1603: 1598: 1595: 1590: 1584: 1558: 1554:East Prussia 1534:dragon style 1531: 1526: 1520: 1498: 1493: 1481: 1469: 1457: 1443: 1424: 1393: 1386:Hans Linstow 1382:Royal Palace 1378: 1343: 1313: 1290: 1286:Neoclassical 1282: 1258: 1255:19th century 1245: 1237:wood carving 1230: 1224: 1200:Stiftsgården 1197: 1170: 1166: 1157:Fredrikshald 1142:Kristiansand 1118:Christian IV 1116: 1085: 1066:traditions. 1053: 1010: 994:Kalmar Union 991: 898: 738: 724: 720: 717: 713: 687:Stave church 675: 668: 652:Oseberg ship 644:log building 641: 631:stave church 598:through the 584: 572: 541: 509: 506: 490: 476: 461: 452: 437:Please help 425: 401: 370: 343: 335:groin vaults 305: 299: 297: 188:South Africa 68:Architecture 67: 15: 5442:Renaissance 5371:Isle of Man 5252:Switzerland 5185:Netherlands 4888:Nationalism 4743:Immigration 4619:Natural gas 4533:LGBT rights 4523:Governments 4302:Unification 3696:Aftenposten 2961:Glassprisen 2927:Grünerløkka 2801:Sverre Fehn 2686:Grim Church 2671:Tore Sveram 2604:(1970–2020) 2406:(1945–1950) 2370:Chamber in 2196:Lars Backer 2095:Groruddalen 2087:drabantbyer 1969:(1913–1924) 1912:(1910–1915) 1808:city centre 1750:Art Nouveau 1666:føderådstue 1591:byggeskikk) 1515:Dalen Hotel 1185:Christiania 1161:Fredriksten 1138:Christiania 1110:manor near 1098:in Bergen, 1088:Black Death 1029:Tønsberghus 998:Reformation 974:Voss Church 930:(1183–1248) 729:Reformation 671:Black Death 592:long houses 393:Lillehammer 377:Middle Ages 362:Renaissance 329:supporting 178:New Zealand 5487:Categories 5467:Postmodern 5457:Revivalism 5422:Romanesque 5180:Montenegro 5160:Luxembourg 5140:Kazakhstan 5045:Azerbaijan 4863:Literature 4822:(clothing) 4770:Norwegians 4753:Irreligion 4626:(currency) 4548:Parliament 4297:Viking Age 4287:Bronze Age 4201:Byggekunst 3899:2006-10-19 3564:8290502176 3502:8200184307 3390:2006-07-08 3324:2008-03-14 3299:2008-03-14 3223:2008-03-14 3198:2008-03-14 3141:Stedskunst 2969:Stenprisen 2805:Grieg Hall 2803:, and the 2758:was solved 2571:Kjell Lund 2344:Hammerfest 2123:Alienation 2066:boligsaken 1774:Jugendstil 1745:Jugendstil 1674:brenneskur 1643:firkanttun 1607:våningshus 1587:vernacular 1542:Wilhelm II 1501:Homansbyen 1327:Niels Aall 1297:Copenhagen 1291:Architect 1232:rosemaling 1086:After the 1002:Copenhagen 986:See also: 600:Bronze Age 350:population 308:Viking Age 113:Newspapers 103:Television 88:Literature 43:Norwegians 5407:Byzantine 5392:Neolithic 5356:Gibraltar 5155:Lithuania 4848:Jante law 4829:Christmas 4758:Languages 4728:Education 4682:Transport 4599:Fisheries 4513:Elections 4437:Mountains 4412:Districts 4395:Geography 4371:1945–2000 4282:Stone Age 4194:Statsbygg 4189:Åpent Rom 4071:cite book 4055:. Asker. 3471:Statsbygg 3467:Åpent rom 2939:Treprisen 2887:Oslofjord 2752:Sanatoria 2516:Haugesund 2469:Olav Haug 2380:Per Krohg 2327:Wehrmacht 2299:Steinkjær 2160:Modernism 2140:Husbanken 2082:Etterstad 1910:Trondheim 1851:Interior 1786:Trondheim 1762:Trondheim 1728:Trondheim 1687:bark and 1670:vognskjul 1639:Trøndelag 1599:(gårdstun 1496:in 1858. 1494:von Hanno 1482:von Hanno 1468:with the 1366:Trondheim 1339:colonnade 1331:palladian 1319:Kongsberg 1204:Trondheim 1193:Kongsberg 1126:Kongsberg 1112:Trondheim 1104:Hardanger 1043:with the 1041:Bergenhus 1037:Trondheim 976:(c. 1277) 961:(c. 1261) 928:Trondheim 871:(c. 1260) 841:(c. 1150) 822:(c. 1150) 633:in Norway 612:Stavanger 596:Stone Age 553:Trøndelag 549:Flatanger 426:does not 389:Maihaugen 354:feudalism 324:cruciform 312:longships 241:Norwegian 220:Venezuela 213:Minnesota 148:Australia 118:Magazines 5376:Svalbard 5361:Guernsey 5305:Abkhazia 5277:Scotland 5237:Slovenia 5232:Slovakia 5212:Portugal 5065:Bulgaria 4964:Category 4832:(season) 4785:Religion 4775:Pensions 4662:Taxation 4609:Industry 4543:Monarchy 4538:Military 4476:Politics 4003:(2000). 3555:Austrått 3491:(1987). 3446:12 April 2979:See also 2883:Snøhetta 2837:Aviaplan 2835:(by the 2811:Churches 2644:Ove Bang 2537:concrete 2372:New York 2335:Finnmark 2216:Ove Bang 2162:(or the 2053:, (1917) 1855:, (1909) 1839:, (1909) 1782:Brussels 1627:smithies 1550:Rominten 1410:(1828), 1395:Storting 1132:, now a 1033:Tønsberg 1021:Vardøhus 1013:Akershus 888:Stjørdal 767:county. 751:and the 588:Iron Age 580:Finnmark 561:Vegaøyan 557:Finnmark 532:Vestland 524:Finnmark 520:Vestland 512:Rogaland 399:valley. 248:Religion 236:Language 139:Diaspora 123:Internet 83:Holidays 35:a series 33:Part of 5447:Baroque 5437:Ottoman 5412:Moorish 5385:History 5272:England 5262:Ukraine 5217:Romania 5205:Silesia 5170:Moldova 5130:Ireland 5125:Iceland 5120:Hungary 5110:Germany 5105:Georgia 5095:Finland 5090:Estonia 5085:Denmark 5070:Croatia 5055:Belgium 5050:Belarus 5040:Austria 5035:Armenia 5030:Andorra 5025:Albania 4955:Outline 4902:Symbols 4843:Cuisine 4800:Culture 4780:Poverty 4701:Society 4687:Whaling 4672:Tourism 4582:Economy 4432:Mammals 4422:Islands 4407:Climate 4274:History 2714:in Oslo 2594:Y-Block 2545:Y-Block 2361:Bauhaus 2200:Ekeberg 2192:Skansen 2117:Privacy 2105:Kitchen 1822:Ålesund 1806:Ålesund 1770:Ålesund 1681:stabbur 1662:oppstue 1619:stabbur 1546:Potsdam 1458:Bazaars 1440:in Oslo 1358:Arendal 1354:Drammen 1323:Ulefoss 1305:portico 1248:sawmill 1108:Austråt 1075:Bryggen 1060:Bryggen 802:Harstad 656:Lofoten 610:, near 608:Ryfylke 604:Forsand 482:History 447:removed 432:sources 358:Baroque 339:England 253:Tourism 208:Dakotas 168:Iceland 163:Finland 78:Cuisine 59:Culture 5462:Modern 5432:Gothic 5366:Jersey 5310:Kosovo 5257:Turkey 5247:Sweden 5227:Serbia 5222:Russia 5200:Poland 5195:Norway 5175:Monaco 5145:Latvia 5115:Greece 5100:France 5075:Cyprus 4969:Portal 4931:Mottos 4909:Anthem 4838:Cinema 4738:Health 4624:Krone 4614:Mining 4594:Energy 4553:Police 4508:Courts 4457:Rivers 4447:Cities 4265:Norway 4123: 4098: 4059: 4034: 3946: 3921: 3871: 3843: 3804: 3779: 3754: 3726: 3637: 3612: 3586: 3561: 3499: 3252: 3166: 3147: 3128: 3088: 3069: 3050: 3031: 2971:, and 2923:Oppdal 2696:(1970) 2673:(1970) 2667:Bergen 2650:(1959) 2522:(1967) 2502:(1965) 2496:Tromsø 2422:(1952) 2307:Bergen 2295:Namsos 2291:Narvik 2038:(1914) 2019:(1902) 2000:(1913) 1985:(1911) 1950:(1915) 1948:Rjukan 1931:(1907) 1893:(1903) 1874:(1909) 1824:(1905) 1651:inntun 1645:); in 1625:) and 1623:eldhus 1450:Berlin 1362:Bergen 1346:Halden 1335:cupola 1226:Rococo 1191:, and 1181:Bergen 1064:German 1049:Bergen 959:Bergen 784:Bergen 725:staves 708:UNESCO 565:UNESCO 397:Heidal 366:Rococo 364:, and 333:, and 331:vaults 316:arches 183:Russia 173:Mexico 158:Canada 153:Brazil 5346:Åland 5282:Wales 5242:Spain 5165:Malta 5135:Italy 4919:Flags 4883:Sport 4868:Media 4853:Music 4819:Bunad 4790:Women 4718:Crime 4427:Lakes 3178:Notes 3017:Books 2865:Molde 2692:, by 2669:, by 2620:, by 2600:, by 2518:, by 2398:, by 2319:Molde 2303:Molde 2182:, by 1699:/støl 1697:seter 1685:birch 1655:uttun 1189:Røros 1130:Røros 1025:Vardø 839:Moelv 765:Troms 721:sills 545:Leksa 528:Radøy 327:piers 228:Other 130:Music 108:Radio 93:Media 4121:ISBN 4096:ISBN 4077:link 4057:ISBN 4032:ISBN 3944:ISBN 3919:ISBN 3869:ISBN 3841:ISBN 3802:ISBN 3777:ISBN 3752:ISBN 3724:ISBN 3635:ISBN 3610:ISBN 3584:ISBN 3559:ISBN 3497:ISBN 3448:2018 3250:ISBN 3164:ISBN 3145:ISBN 3126:ISBN 3086:ISBN 3067:ISBN 3048:ISBN 3029:ISBN 2710:The 2646:and 2618:Oslo 2598:Oslo 2569:and 2553:Oslo 2475:and 2459:are 2402:and 2283:Bodø 2268:and 2210:and 2186:and 2078:OBOS 2017:Oslo 1983:Oslo 1929:Oslo 1906:NTNU 1891:Oslo 1780:and 1778:Riga 1742:The 1637:and 1615:fjøs 1611:låve 1364:and 1350:Oslo 1259:The 1177:Oslo 1128:and 1054:The 1039:and 1017:Oslo 820:Gran 547:and 536:Sámi 430:any 428:cite 387:and 385:Oslo 348:and 298:The 98:Film 4813:Art 4647:Oil 2863:in 2817:by 2799:by 2642:by 2498:by 2382:. 2342:in 2311:RAF 2206:by 1689:sod 1633:In 1552:in 1102:in 1047:in 1031:in 1023:in 1015:in 763:in 759:in 706:by 698:in 625:in 606:in 578:in 551:in 530:in 518:in 441:by 391:in 383:in 73:Art 5489:: 4073:}} 4069:{{ 4030:. 3855:^ 3839:. 3738:^ 3693:. 3557:. 3469:. 3465:. 3439:. 3360:. 3333:^ 3232:^ 2975:. 2967:, 2963:, 2959:, 2953:, 2949:, 2945:, 2941:, 2937:, 2911:. 2741:, 2737:, 2688:, 2665:, 2596:, 2494:, 2471:, 2467:, 2463:, 2301:, 2297:, 2293:, 2289:, 2285:, 2218:, 2034:, 2015:, 1965:, 1946:, 1927:, 1889:, 1784:. 1691:. 1422:. 1376:. 1360:, 1356:, 1352:, 1348:, 1195:. 1187:, 1183:, 1159:/ 1027:, 1019:, 926:, 886:, 837:, 818:, 800:, 782:, 666:. 570:. 360:, 341:. 322:, 318:, 37:on 5003:e 4996:t 4989:v 4257:e 4250:t 4243:v 4196:. 4148:. 4129:. 4104:. 4079:) 4065:. 4040:. 4011:. 3989:. 3952:. 3927:. 3902:. 3877:. 3849:. 3824:. 3810:. 3785:. 3760:. 3732:. 3675:. 3643:. 3618:. 3594:. 3592:. 3567:. 3542:. 3505:. 3450:. 3393:. 3327:. 3302:. 3258:. 3226:. 3201:. 3172:. 3153:. 3134:. 3115:. 3094:. 3075:. 3056:. 3037:. 2929:. 2889:. 2745:, 2138:( 1605:( 710:. 468:) 462:( 457:) 453:( 449:. 435:. 287:e 280:t 273:v

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