1031:
849:
705:
825:
764:
lower quality. Because it was difficult to procure forage, the cavalry was perpetually understrength and about two-thirds of the horses died during the course of the war. Fortunately, the terrain did not lend itself to operations by mounted troops. Military transport and the artillery also suffered from the problem of inadequate forage and never had enough horses. The artillery arm was built up from scratch into a considerable force thanks largely to the capture of 535 Spanish guns and the efforts of the army's artillery chief
28:
922:
52:
988:, the 5th Light Infantry and few other units did well but superior Spanish forces soon forced them back on the main body. After a few rounds of artillery fire, the untried French volunteers fled leaving Genettière to be captured. La Romana's soldiers then successfully stormed Chateau-Pignon. On 22 June Servan pushed the Spanish left wing back to the Bidasoa, capturing the
768:. He also created a pontoon train and units of artisans who repaired muskets taken from the Spaniards. Another innovation of the Army of the Western Pyrenees was its organization of work companies. While the army's soldiers initially suffered due to lack of supplies, by the end of the war the troops were well equipped by their logistical base at
1055:(Fuenterrabia). Vicente de los Reyes surrendered with 2,000 Spanish soldiers and 300 cannon. On 3 August San Sebastián and 1,700 more Spanish soldiers plus 90 cannons fell into French hands. On this occasion, Moncey sent La Tour d'Auvergne-Corret to overwhelm the Spanish commander. As a final touch, Frégeville occupied
1023:. The 1,000 defenders included Spanish and French royalist soldiers. The same day, Jacques Lefranc seized the Izpegi Ridge and other French troops captured positions near the Maya Pass. On 23 June Ventura Caro's 8,500 Spanish soldiers were repulsed by a French force defending the fortified Mont Calvaire. On 10 July
905:. After beginning to receive reinforcements from the Vendée in late June, Moncey launched his summer offensive. At the time of the army's dissolution on 12 October 1795, 18 battalions and one cavalry regiment were retained to garrison the western Pyrenees, while 36 battalions and two cavalry regiments joined the
1038:
On 23 July, the Army of the
Western Pyrenees opened the Battle of the Baztan Valley by attacking the Spanish with the three front-line divisions of Moncey, Delaborde and Frégeville. The French enjoyed a numerical superiority of 30,000 to 20,000 over their adversaries. Moncey began marching over the
763:
began in 1793 and by 5 September five demi-brigades were created with a nominal strength of 2,437 men and divided into three battalions of 812 soldiers. Eventually, 18 more demi-brigades were formed, giving the army a total of 60,000 men. Of these, probably one-third served in garrisons and were of
885:
by 15,000 troops but only 3,000 foot soldiers and 500 horsemen arrived in mid-September. For the fall 1794 offensive, Moncey's army numbered 52,000 troops in 64 battalions and four cavalry regiments. During the winter, an epidemic killed 3,000 soldiers and many inhabitants in the occupied areas of
876:
ended on 27 July 1794, and with it the French government's practice of executing unsuccessful generals. Despite his modest protest that he was unsuited to high command, Muller and the representatives recommended Moncey over more senior generals. The government approved the appointment on 17 August
880:
Though
Cavaignac, Pinet and Pierre-Arnaud Dartigoeyte were soon replaced, the new representatives such as Pierre-Anselm Garrau also tended to meddle in military decisions. As troublesome as the representatives could be, it is also true that no Army of the Western Pyrenees army commander was
1100:
the next day. On 2 July, Moncey concentrated against
Filanghieri but that general slipped away before his corps could be crushed. On 12 July, Dessein started south with 4,500 troops, capturing 25 guns abandoned by Crespo and reaching Vitoria on the 14th. As Willot moved from
783:
faction, he was dismissed on 4 July 1793. Servan was temporarily replaced by Anne François
Augustin de La Bourdonnaye until 11 July when Pierre Joseph du Chambge d'Elbecq arrived to take command. La Bourdonnaye took command of the right wing but he died at
756:). There were also 15 artillery companies. In March 1793, Servan had about 10,000 troops at his disposal. At first the volunteer battalions averaged only about 200 men apiece, but in May 1793 they were all recruited up to strengths of 784 soldiers.
957:. The French volunteers panicked and ran away, allowing their opponents to capture the Camp de Jolimont by 30 April 1793. For this defeat, the French general Joseph Duverger was arrested and sent to Paris. Servan pulled his troops behind the
820:
to take command of the army and promoted several officers to general of brigade. The representatives refused to recognize Dumas' authority or the promotions. In the end they won and Dumas was merely recognized as a division commander.
1027:'s 4,000-strong brigade drove the Spanish and French Royalists from their defenses atop Monte Argintzo (Arquinzu). The French massacred 49 captured French Royalist prisoners while Marquis de Saint-Simon escaped, though badly wounded.
832:
In July 1793, the Army of the
Western Pyrenees numbered 28,000 infantry, 1,500 gunners and 700 cavalry. Muller organized the army which was something it previously lacked. In January 1794 he sent reinforcements totaling 8,000 to the
1091:
The summer of 1795 found the Prince of
Castelfranco leading the Spanish army in Navarre, Gipuzkoa and Aragon. To protect his left, he placed Filanghieri with 9,000 regulars at Lekunberri and Crespo with 9,000 regulars guarding
1051:. The combined column then moved to support 6,000 soldiers under Frégeville attacking across the lower Bidasoa on 1 August. Aware that the French had gained their rear, the Spanish defenders quickly abandoned the fortress of
965:. While awaiting reinforcements behind a screen of regular and reliable volunteer units, the French commander began drilling his conscripts and raw volunteers. Massing the army's grenadier companies into one body under
1074:
beat 4,000 Spaniards at Eugi and the next day drove them farther east. At the same time Moncey with the divisions of Marbot and Mauco moved against Manuel
Cagigal at Roncevaux Pass. After Cagigal was forced back on
1083:
ordered a general retreat to avoid encirclement, leaving behind 1,500 prisoners and 40 field pieces. The weather then closed in, preventing Moncey from fully exploiting his triumph, though the French captured
417:
837:
under Dumas and to the Army of the
Eastern Pyrenees. Despite this subtraction the army counted 40 battalions that month. Of these, the 26 best battalions were formed into three divisions under Moncey,
1019:, Frégeville successfully defended the camp against 13,700 Spanish troops led by Urrutia. On 3 June, a 2,300-man French brigade led by Lavictoire, part of Mauco's division, stormed the
410:
403:
528:
889:
Moncey reorganized his army so that each regiment had two field battalions while the third battalion, which had the poorest material, served on garrison duty. He detached
506:
933:, the Spanish government decided to attack in the eastern Pyrenees while holding in the west. The Spanish had 8,000 regulars and between 9,000 and 10,000 militia in
665:
began on 9 March 1793. Accordingly, the original Army of the
Pyrenees was split on 30 April into the Army of the Western Pyrenees with Servan in command and the
324:
142:
354:
359:
349:
158:
1105:
with 3,500 men, Crespo escaped the trap and headed for Bilbao. The combined French columns pursued and occupied Bilbao on 19 July. The French took
1672:
966:
776:
1607:
The Armies of the First French
Republic: Volume III The Armies in the West 1793 to 1797 And, The Armies In The South 1793 to March 1796
1080:
496:
135:
845:
and Jean Mauco, and were posted on the left wing. Muller's promotion to general of division finally came through on 14 April 1794.
689:
called the Army of the Western Pyrenees the "least interesting" of the armies of the French Republic, contributing only one future
231:
334:
1614:
981:
128:
501:
913:. As they marched through their recruitment areas, desertion was so severe that only 4,000 arrived at their destination.
301:
1677:
1113:
was signed on the 22nd and the news reached the army on 5 August. The army began marching toward Bayonne on 17 August.
1070:
while Delaborde marched over the Belate Pass, defeating Antonio Filanghieri's 2,000 troops. On the 16th Delaborde and
1636:
1557:
384:
1005:
816:
but he was the choice of the all-powerful representatives-on-mission. On 8 September 1793 the Minister of War sent
841:, and Jean Henri Guy Nicolas de Frégeville. The remaining 14 battalions were assigned to two new divisions under
595:
75:
614:
was signed on 22 July 1795, the Army of the Western Pyrenees held a significant portion of northeastern Spain.
561:
516:
1109:
on 22 July 1795 and Moncey prepared a blocking position there so he could move against Pamplona. However, the
1071:
650:
379:
364:
226:
216:
901:. The representatives dismissed Frégeville and Marbot on 9 June 1795 while Delaborde was transferred to the
176:
1016:
909:
to fight in the Vendée. The latter group of 10,995 soldiers formed two divisions under Bernard Dessein and
698:
666:
622:
533:
511:
291:
110:
976:
On 27 May 1793 Servan sent a force under Pierre François Lambert Lamoureux de Genettière to threaten the
857:
566:
538:
221:
838:
606:. After indecisive fighting during the first year of its existence, the army seized the Spanish port of
797:
451:
316:
191:
152:
793:
1030:
906:
894:
591:
491:
296:
801:
618:
106:
32:
The defenses of Pamplona, the object of French advances, remained in Spanish control during the war.
1043:
the next day. Delaborde with 6,000 men thrust south to seize Bera on the 25th. Moncey started from
548:
311:
286:
246:
970:
712:
An order of battle for 1793 listed two battalions each of the 20th, 80th, and 148th Line Infantry
984:, to counter the French. On 6 June the two sides clashed at Chateau-Pignon. At first Moncey with
902:
861:
717:
716:
and the 5th Light Infantry Battalion. In addition to 18 free companies, there were the following
486:
276:
186:
1647:
817:
765:
556:
471:
461:
374:
369:
241:
893:
companies from each battalion to form a reserve. A siege train was assembled at Bayonne under
800:. Deprez-Crassier was dismissed on 4 October and arrested four days after. The following day,
848:
658:
587:
476:
256:
206:
201:
171:
56:
753:
704:
281:
1602:
1096:
in the north. On 28 June, Moncey tried to envelop Crespo but the Spaniard retreated toward
686:
646:
834:
339:
8:
1102:
1063:
992:
redoubt. On 30 August, Deprez-Crassier ordered a major assault on the Spanish outpost of
930:
842:
813:
654:
634:
603:
543:
481:
456:
427:
344:
306:
266:
261:
89:
910:
809:
690:
466:
251:
236:
211:
181:
1632:
1610:
1553:
1545:
1088:
on 7 November. There were rumors of peace and Servan came to Bayonne as an emissary.
1067:
1044:
864:
and Jacques Pinet, Muller resigned his post since his triumph kept him safe from the
789:
630:
446:
120:
662:
271:
869:
607:
1587:
1568:
1106:
1097:
1040:
1024:
958:
873:
682:
196:
921:
1110:
977:
868:. Moncey was promoted to army command after his brilliant success in capturing
805:
611:
996:. La Romana not only repelled the assault but drove the attackers back to the
804:
was named the army's commander-in-chief. Muller had been appointed the army's
1666:
1056:
1009:
678:
946:
713:
27:
1624:
1052:
1020:
985:
785:
329:
860:
in July 1794. Worn out by disputes with the overbearing representatives
865:
395:
1076:
890:
780:
1648:"Generals Who Served in the French Army during the Period 1789-1815"
882:
625:, who served from August 1794 until the army was disbanded. Emperor
1570:
Tableaux des Armées Francaises pendant les Guerres de la Révolution
993:
938:
898:
741:
694:
674:
626:
824:
1085:
1001:
954:
950:
934:
769:
745:
670:
599:
79:
594:. From April 1793 until 12 October 1795, the army fought in the
1093:
1048:
962:
942:
51:
881:
guillotined. The army was supposed to be reinforced from the
1476:
1474:
1199:
1197:
812:
on 5 July 1793. As general of brigade he was junior to ten
649:
was formed on 1 October 1792 and a former Minister of War,
1238:
1573:(in French). Paris: Libraire Militaire R. Chapelot et Cie
1522:
1471:
1357:
1333:
1389:
1387:
1323:
1321:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1279:
1277:
1194:
1182:
1039:
Maya Pass with 10,000 troops on 24 July and invaded the
973:. This move was followed by a tentative advance in May.
1544:
Beckett, Ian F. W. (1987). "Moncey: An Honest Man". In
1498:
1411:
1008:
repulsed a second column under Willot in its attack on
792:, having accomplished very little. He was succeeded by
1486:
1374:
1372:
788:
on 7 October 1793. D'Elbecq died on 31 August 1793 at
1399:
1384:
1345:
1318:
1306:
1289:
1274:
1262:
1250:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1134:
744:, Volunteers of the Western Pyrenees (later the 12th
150:
1226:
1170:
1158:
1122:
1510:
1459:
1447:
1435:
1423:
1369:
872:on 3 August 1794. He enjoyed good luck in that the
621:, who served from October 1793 to August 1794, and
1209:
1146:
1066:on 15–17 October 1794. Frégeville advanced toward
617:The army commanders with the longest tenure were
1664:
1609:. Vol. 3. USA: Pickle Partners Publishing.
1047:with 6,000 and rendezvoused with Delaborde at
897:in preparation for attacking the fortress of
669:. Servan's new army covered a front from the
411:
136:
949:mounted a quick offensive across the lower
877:and Moncey assumed command on 1 September.
856:The army won a significant victory in the
418:
404:
143:
129:
1645:
777:Jean-Marie Roland, vicomte de la Platière
1029:
941:, while from 4,000 to 5,000 troops held
920:
847:
823:
703:
1566:
1543:
1351:
1268:
1244:
1140:
980:. Caro sent a column under his nephew,
425:
1665:
1601:
1528:
1480:
1405:
1393:
1363:
1339:
1327:
1312:
1300:
1283:
1256:
1232:
1203:
1188:
1176:
1164:
1128:
967:Théophile Corret de la Tour d'Auvergne
740:. The cavalry regiments were the 18th
1623:
1516:
1492:
1465:
1453:
1441:
1429:
1220:
1152:
1081:Pedro TĂ©llez-GirĂłn, 9th Duke of Osuna
1062:Moncey gained another victory in the
945:. The Spanish commander in the west,
399:
124:
1585:
1504:
1417:
1378:
982:Pedro Caro, 3rd Marquis of la Romana
925:War of the Pyrenees, Western Theater
1673:Armées of the French First Republic
775:Because Servan was associated with
13:
14:
1689:
969:, Servan sent them to recapture
610:in August 1794. By the time the
50:
26:
1588:"Annals of the Wars: 1783-1795"
640:
584:Armée des Pyrénées occidentales
1006:José de Urrutia y de las Casas
653:was appointed to lead it. The
1:
1629:The Napoleonic Wars Data Book
1537:
1072:Jean Castelbert de Castelverd
916:
708:Joseph Marie Servan de Gerbey
651:Joseph Marie Servan de Gerbey
380:Italian campaign of 1796-1797
1116:
1017:Battle of Sans Culottes Camp
699:Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey
667:Army of the Eastern Pyrenees
623:Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey
580:Army of the Western Pyrenees
21:Army of the Western Pyrenees
7:
858:Battle of the Baztan Valley
750:Bayonne Volunteer Chasseurs
681:, then up the coast to the
10:
1694:
1015:On 5 February 1794 in the
798:representatives-on-mission
154:War of the First Coalition
1678:French Revolutionary Wars
1567:Clerget, Charles (1905).
911:Amédée Willot de Gramprez
895:Armand Samuel de Marescot
592:French Revolutionary Wars
437:
360:Rhine campaign of 1793–94
167:
100:
95:
85:
70:
62:
45:
37:
25:
20:
1646:Broughton, Tony (2006).
929:At the beginning of the
839:Henri François Delaborde
701:to the rank of marshal.
1552:. New York: Macmillan.
961:with his right wing at
903:Army of Rhin-et-Moselle
862:Jean-Baptiste Cavaignac
794:Étienne Deprez-Crassier
1035:
926:
853:
852:Augustin de Lespinasse
829:
818:Thomas-Alexandre Dumas
802:Jacques LĂ©onard Muller
766:Augustin de Lespinasse
709:
619:Jacques LĂ©onard Muller
375:Rhine campaign of 1796
370:Rhine campaign of 1795
335:Mediterranean campaign
107:Jacques LĂ©onard Muller
1650:. The Napoleon Series
1631:. London: Greenhill.
1603:Phipps, Ramsay Weston
1586:Cust, Edward (1859).
1033:
971:Saint-PĂ©e-sur-Nivelle
924:
851:
827:
720:infantry battalions,
707:
57:French First Republic
828:Bon-Adrien de Moncey
814:generals of division
687:Ramsay Weston Phipps
647:Army of the Pyrenees
111:Bon-Adrien de Moncey
1550:Napoleon's Marshals
1531:, pp. 204–206.
1507:, pp. 266–267.
1483:, pp. 186–187.
1420:, pp. 171–172.
1366:, pp. 144–145.
1342:, pp. 202–203.
1247:, pp. 300–301.
1206:, pp. 148–149.
1191:, pp. 146–147.
1103:Salvatierra/Agurain
1064:Battle of Orbaizeta
1004:. On the same day,
990:Montaigne Louis XIV
931:War of the Pyrenees
843:Jean-Antoine Marbot
655:War of the Pyrenees
635:First French Empire
633:in 1804 during the
629:appointed Moncey a
604:War of the Pyrenees
429:War of the Pyrenees
355:East Indies Theatre
345:War of the Pyrenees
90:War of the Pyrenees
1036:
927:
854:
830:
810:general of brigade
796:who irritated the
754:Chasseurs Ă Cheval
710:
693:. On 19 May 1804,
534:Sans Culottes Camp
1616:978-1-908692-26-9
1495:, pp. 93–94.
835:War in the Vendée
790:Saint-Jean-de-Luz
659:Republican France
631:Marshal of France
588:Republican French
586:) was one of the
575:
574:
393:
392:
385:Anglo-Spanish War
365:Atlantic campaign
350:Italian campaigns
340:War in the Vendée
325:Flanders campaign
116:
115:
1685:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1642:
1620:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1563:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1469:
1463:
1457:
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1439:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1397:
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1376:
1367:
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1355:
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1192:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1126:
907:Army of the West
808:and promoted to
752:(later the 24th
663:Kingdom of Spain
523:Western Pyrenees
502:2nd Sant Llorenç
497:1st Sant Llorenç
441:Eastern Pyrenees
432:
430:
420:
413:
406:
397:
396:
162:
155:
145:
138:
131:
122:
121:
55:
54:
30:
18:
17:
1693:
1692:
1688:
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1683:
1682:
1663:
1662:
1653:
1651:
1639:
1617:
1592:
1590:
1576:
1574:
1560:
1546:Chandler, David
1540:
1535:
1527:
1523:
1515:
1511:
1503:
1499:
1491:
1487:
1479:
1472:
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1377:
1370:
1362:
1358:
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1326:
1319:
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1307:
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1290:
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1267:
1263:
1255:
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1239:
1231:
1227:
1219:
1210:
1202:
1195:
1187:
1183:
1175:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1151:
1147:
1139:
1135:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1107:Miranda de Ebro
1098:Vitoria-Gasteiz
1034:Henri Delaborde
1025:Antoine Digonet
919:
874:Reign of Terror
683:Gironde estuary
643:
576:
571:
553:
433:
428:
426:
424:
394:
389:
321:
163:
153:
151:
149:
119:
109:
102:
49:
33:
12:
11:
5:
1691:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1661:
1660:
1643:
1637:
1621:
1615:
1599:
1583:
1564:
1558:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1521:
1509:
1497:
1485:
1470:
1458:
1446:
1434:
1422:
1410:
1408:, p. 147.
1398:
1396:, p. 146.
1383:
1381:, p. 131.
1368:
1356:
1344:
1332:
1330:, p. 193.
1317:
1315:, p. 190.
1305:
1303:, p. 209.
1288:
1286:, p. 189.
1273:
1261:
1259:, p. 188.
1249:
1237:
1235:, p. 187.
1225:
1208:
1193:
1181:
1179:, p. 135.
1169:
1167:, p. 134.
1157:
1145:
1143:, p. 303.
1133:
1131:, p. 133.
1120:
1118:
1115:
1111:Peace of Basel
978:Roncevaux Pass
918:
915:
806:chief of staff
779:of the fallen
734:Lot-et-Garonne
718:National Guard
642:
639:
612:Peace of Basel
596:Basque Country
590:armies of the
573:
572:
570:
569:
564:
559:
552:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
529:Château-Pignon
525:
524:
520:
519:
514:
512:Black Mountain
509:
507:2nd Bellegarde
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
452:1st Bellegarde
449:
443:
442:
438:
435:
434:
423:
422:
415:
408:
400:
391:
390:
388:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
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357:
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83:
82:
76:Basque Country
74:Operations in
72:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
47:
43:
42:
39:
35:
34:
31:
23:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1690:
1679:
1676:
1674:
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1670:
1668:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1638:1-85367-276-9
1634:
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1608:
1604:
1600:
1589:
1584:
1572:
1571:
1565:
1561:
1559:0-02-905930-5
1555:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1541:
1530:
1525:
1519:, p. 95.
1518:
1513:
1506:
1501:
1494:
1489:
1482:
1477:
1475:
1468:, p. 87.
1467:
1462:
1456:, p. 85.
1455:
1450:
1444:, p. 83.
1443:
1438:
1432:, p. 72.
1431:
1426:
1419:
1414:
1407:
1402:
1395:
1390:
1388:
1380:
1375:
1373:
1365:
1360:
1354:, p. 49.
1353:
1348:
1341:
1336:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1314:
1309:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1285:
1280:
1278:
1271:, p. 40.
1270:
1265:
1258:
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1234:
1229:
1223:, p. 88.
1222:
1217:
1215:
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1198:
1190:
1185:
1178:
1173:
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1155:, p. 41.
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1108:
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1073:
1069:
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1060:
1059:on 5 August.
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1041:Baztan Valley
1032:
1028:
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1022:
1018:
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998:Sans Culottes
995:
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987:
983:
979:
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959:Nivelle River
956:
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932:
923:
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870:San Sebastián
867:
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715:
714:Demi-brigades
706:
702:
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688:
684:
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679:Bay of Biscay
676:
673:River in the
672:
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664:
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608:San Sebastián
605:
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567:Gulf of Roses
565:
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492:2nd Collioure
490:
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482:1st Collioure
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118:Military unit
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61:
58:
53:
48:
44:
40:
36:
29:
24:
19:
16:
1652:. Retrieved
1628:
1625:Smith, Digby
1606:
1591:. Retrieved
1575:. Retrieved
1569:
1549:
1524:
1512:
1500:
1488:
1461:
1449:
1437:
1425:
1413:
1401:
1359:
1352:Clerget 1905
1347:
1335:
1308:
1269:Clerget 1905
1264:
1252:
1245:Beckett 1987
1240:
1228:
1184:
1172:
1160:
1148:
1141:Beckett 1987
1136:
1124:
1090:
1061:
1037:
1014:
997:
989:
975:
947:Ventura Caro
928:
888:
879:
855:
831:
774:
760:
758:
749:
738:Paris Louvre
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
711:
685:. Historian
644:
641:Organisation
616:
583:
579:
577:
562:Fort-Dauphin
462:Peyrestortes
277:Newfoundland
242:Altenkirchen
15:
1529:Phipps 2011
1481:Phipps 2011
1406:Phipps 2011
1394:Phipps 2011
1364:Phipps 2011
1340:Phipps 2011
1328:Phipps 2011
1313:Phipps 2011
1301:Phipps 2011
1284:Phipps 2011
1257:Phipps 2011
1233:Phipps 2011
1204:Phipps 2011
1189:Phipps 2011
1177:Phipps 2011
1165:Phipps 2011
1129:Phipps 2011
1053:Hondarribia
1021:Izpegi Pass
1010:Bera (Vera)
986:Jean Boudet
953:River near
602:during the
477:Villelongue
330:Chouannerie
86:Engagements
1667:Categories
1538:References
1517:Smith 1998
1493:Smith 1998
1466:Smith 1998
1454:Smith 1998
1442:Smith 1998
1430:Smith 1998
1221:Smith 1998
1153:Smith 1998
1068:Lekunberri
1000:Camp near
917:Operations
866:guillotine
759:The first
487:2nd Boulou
472:1st Boulou
232:Den Helder
227:Guadeloupe
222:Martinique
192:Thionville
172:Porrentruy
103:commanders
96:Commanders
1505:Cust 1859
1418:Cust 1859
1379:Cust 1859
1117:Footnotes
1077:Orbaizeta
891:grenadier
781:Girondist
697:elevated
544:Orbaizeta
457:Perpignan
317:Diersheim
307:Fishguard
267:Neresheim
177:Quiévrain
41:1793–1795
1627:(1998).
1605:(2011).
1045:Elizondo
994:Biriatou
939:Gipuzkoa
899:Pamplona
761:amalgame
742:Dragoons
726:Dordogne
695:Napoleon
675:Pyrenees
661:and the
657:between
627:Napoleon
467:Truillas
297:Biberach
292:2nd Kehl
282:WĂĽrzburg
257:1st Kehl
252:Kircheib
237:Siegburg
217:Sardinia
212:Jemappes
182:Marquain
1548:(ed.).
1086:Bergara
1002:Urrugne
955:Hendaye
951:Bidasoa
935:Navarre
886:Spain.
770:Bayonne
746:Hussars
722:Aldudes
691:marshal
677:to the
671:Garonne
600:Navarre
598:and in
549:Bascara
447:Mas Deu
312:Neuwied
302:Ireland
287:Limburg
247:Wetzlar
101:Notable
80:Navarre
46:Country
1635:
1613:
1556:
1094:Bilbao
1057:Tolosa
1049:Lesaka
963:Bidart
943:Aragon
883:Vendée
748:) and
732:, 4th
730:Landes
728:, 3rd
724:, 3rd
557:Toulon
539:Baztan
272:Amberg
262:Malsch
187:Verdun
38:Active
1654:9 May
1593:9 May
1577:7 May
517:Roses
207:Mainz
202:Lille
197:Valmy
1656:2015
1633:ISBN
1611:ISBN
1595:2015
1579:2015
1554:ISBN
937:and
736:and
645:The
578:The
159:List
78:and
71:Role
66:Army
63:Type
786:Dax
1669::
1473:^
1386:^
1371:^
1320:^
1291:^
1276:^
1211:^
1196:^
1079:,
1012:.
772:.
637:.
1658:.
1641:.
1619:.
1597:.
1581:.
1562:.
582:(
419:e
412:t
405:v
161:)
157:(
144:e
137:t
130:v
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