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doctrine and
Yogacara thought. There are differing scholarly opinions on authorship, John Makransky writes that it is possible the author was actually Arya Vimuktisena, the 6th century author of the first surviving commentary on this work. Makransky also notes that it is only the later 8th century
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school. Over time, many different works were attributed to him (or to
Maitreya, with Asaṅga as transmitter), although there are discrepancies between the Chinese and Tibetan traditions concerning which works are attributed to him. Modern scholars have also problematized and questioned these
642:, but most modern scholars now consider the text to be a compilation of various works by numerous authors, and different textual strata can be discerned within its contents. However, Asaṅga may still have participated in the compilation of this work.
193:. According to some scholars, Asaṅga's frameworks for Abhidharma writings retained many underlying Mahīśāsaka traits, but other scholars argue that there is insufficient data to determine which school he originally belonged to.
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Some scholars, like Mario D'amato, have questioned the attribution of this text to Asanga-Maitreya. Instead, D'amato places this text (together with the commentary, which he considers the work of one author) after the
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who attributes this text to
Maitreya, but that this may have been a means to ascribe greater authority to the text. As Brunnholzl notes, this text is also completely unknown in the Chinese Buddhist tradition
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Asanga, born in the
Gandara region of present-day Pakistan in the city of Purusapura (the modern Peshawar) as the third son of Prasannasila (or Prakasila), was probably active around the fourth or fifth
804:
Born into a brāhmana family in Puruṣapura (modern-day
Peshawar, Pakistan), Asanga originally studied under Sarvāstivāda (possibly Māhiṣasaka) teachers but converted to the Mahāyāna later in life.
262:), there is an old monastery where Asaṅga Bodhisattva received instructions and guided the common people. At night he went up to the place of Maitreya Bodhisattva in Tuṣita Heaven to learn the
296:
Modern scholars disagree on whether the figure of
Maitreya in this story is to be considered as Asaṅga's human teacher or as a visionary experience in meditation. Scholars such as
636:(“Treatise on the Levels of Spiritual Practitioners”), a massive and encyclopaedic work on yogic praxis, has traditionally been attributed to Asaṅga or Maitreya
204:
wrote that Asaṅga was initially a Mahīśāsaka monk, but soon turned toward the Mahāyāna teachings. Asaṅga had a half-brother, Vasubandhu, who was a monk from the
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attributed to
Maitreya via Asaṅga by the Tibetan tradition. The Chinese tradition attributes it to a certain Sāramati (3rd-4th century CE), according to the
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scholasticism. According to D.S. Ruegg, the "five works of
Maitreya" are mentioned in Sanskrit sources from only the 11th century onwards. As noted by
591:, modern scholarship favors Sāramati as the author of the RGV. She also notes there is no evidence for the attribution to Maitreya before the time of
505:), 112 verses that are a key work in Yogācāra philosophy. D'amato also places this text in the second phase of Yogacara scholarship, i.e. after the
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attributions after critical textual study of the sources. The many works attributed to this figure can be divided into the three following groups.
1211:
Hookham, S. K. (1991). The Buddha within: Tathagatagarbha doctrine according to the
Shentong interpretation of the Ratnagotravibhaga. SUNY Press.
1123:
Hookham, S. K. (1991). The Buddha within: Tathagatagarbha doctrine according to the
Shentong interpretation of the Ratnagotravibhaga. SUNY Press.
3018:
3242:
1065:, transl. from the Chinese of Paramārtha (Taishō vol. 31, number 1593). Berkeley, Calif: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research.
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248:(fl. c. 602 – 664), a Chinese monk who traveled to India to study in the Yogacara tradition tells a similar account of these events:
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336:. It was here that he hand-picked eight chosen disciples who would all become famed in their own right and spread the Mahayana.
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doctrines, in a traditional Buddhist Abhidharma style similar to non-Mahayana expositions. Survives in Sanskrit. According to
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According to Karl Brunnholzl, the Chinese tradition also speaks of five Maitreya-Asanga texts (first mentioned in Dunlun's
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Asaṅga spent many years in serious meditation and study under various teachers but the narrative of the 6th century monk
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304:, was an actual historical person and teacher. Other scholars argue that this figure was the tutelary deity of Asaṅga (
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school. Vasubandhu is said to have taken up Mahāyāna Buddhism after meeting with Asaṅga and one of Asaṅga's disciples.
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697:, India), influential Buddhist philosopher who established the Yogācāra (“Practice of Yogā”) school of idealism."
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472:), which presents the Mahāyāna path from the Yogācāra perspective and shows structural similarities with the
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1191:, When the Clouds Part: The Uttaratantra and Its Meditative Tradition as a Bridge between Sutra and Tantra,
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The Central Philosophy of Tibet: A Study and Translation of Jey Tsong Khapa's Essence of True Eloquence
424:. Only available in Xuanzang's Chinese translation, but parallel Sanskrit passages can be found in the
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689:
365:), a systematic exposition of the major tenets of the Yogacara school in ten chapters. Considered his
181:. Current scholarship places him in the fourth century CE. He was perhaps originally a member of the
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D’AMATO, M. “THREE NATURES, THREE STAGES: AN INTERPRETATION OF THE YOGĀCĀRA ‘TRISVABHĀVA’-THEORY.”
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The Bodhisattva Path to Unsurpassed Enlightenment: A Complete Translation of the Bodhisattvabhumi,
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The first are three works which are widely agreed by ancient and modern scholars to be by Asaṅga:
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There are differing views as to Asaṅga's birthplace. Some sources record that he was born in
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314:. Whatever the case, Asaṅga's experiences led him to travel around India and propagate the
310:) as well as numerous other Yogacara masters, a point noted by the 6th century Indian monk
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Peter Harvey (1993). "An Introduction to Buddhism." Cambridge University Press, page 114.
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The attribution of both of these to Asaṅga is not widely accepted by modern scholars.
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Williams, Paul, Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations, Routledge, 1989, p. 103.
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292:, etc.; in the daytime, he lectured on the marvelous principles to a great audience.
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The third group of texts associated with Asaṅga comprises two commentaries: the
452:, their attribution to a single author has been questioned by modern scholars.
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Distinguishing Dharma and Dharmata by Asanga and Maitreya By: Thrangu Rinpoche
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Researches in Indian and Buddhist Philosophy: Essays in Honour of Alex Wayman.
115:, the doctrine of 'mere representation) thought and Mahayana teachings on the
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1993:
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1260:, Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 12 (1), 93-108
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state were taught to Asaṅga by Maitreya and are thus known as the "Five
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On Knowing Reality: The Tattvārtha Chapter of Asaṅga's Bodhisattvabhūmi
889:, LAST MODIFIED: 25 NOVEMBER 2014, DOI: 10.1093/OBO/9780195393521-0205.
776:. 2d ed. Edited by Lindsay Jones, 516–517. Detroit: Thomson Gale, 2005.
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According to the Tibetan tradition, the so called Asanga-Maitreya is:
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Tola, Fernando and Carmen Dragonetti. Motilal Banarsidass: 2004 pg xv
521:), a short Yogācāra work discussing the distinction and correlation (
328:
Among the most famed monasteries that he established was Veluvana in
319:
254:
88:
83:
4th century C.E.) was one of the most important spiritual figures of
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1898:
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Niraj Kumar; George van Driem; Phunchok Stobdan (18 November 2020).
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1983:
1642:
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1244:, LAST MODIFIED: 26 JULY 2017, DOI: 10.1093/OBO/9780195393521-0248.
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On Some Aspects of the Doctrines of Maitreya (natha) and the Asanga
408:Āryadeśanāvikhyāpana, Āryapravacanabhāṣya, Prakaraṇāryaśāsanaśāstra
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masters who taught at the monastery which is located in modern-day
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Asaṅga's Understanding of Mādhyamika: Notes on the Shung-chung-lun
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path. He is also traditionally considered as one of the seventeen
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1409:
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1098:
Routledge, p. 44, note 5. Lusthaus draws attention to Rahula's
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580:
220:
72:
64:
1175:
Buddhahood Embodied: Sources of Controversy in India and Tibet
1162:
Buddhahood Embodied: Sources of Controversy in India and Tibet
1151:, http://www.jstor.org/stable/23497001. Accessed 16 Feb. 2024.
165:
family, which at that time was part of the ancient kingdom of
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1948:
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Asaṅga went on to write some key treatises (shastras) of the
333:
197:
124:
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Vasubandhu: Entry at the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3794:
2587:
2253:
1750:
1083:
Abhidharmasamuccaya: The Compendium of the Higher Teaching,
980:
Abhidharmasamuccaya: The Compendium of the Higher Teaching,
967:
Abhidharmasamuccaya: The Compendium of the Higher Teaching,
942:
Abhidharmasamuccaya: The Compendium of the Higher Teaching,
786:
Buswell, Robert E. Jr.; Lopez, Donald S. Jr. (2013-11-24).
727:
Abhidharmasamuccaya: The Compendium of the Higher Teaching,
3452:
1988:
386:, the thought of this work is closer to that of the Pali
135:
1081:
Rahula, Walpola; Boin-Webb, Sara (translators); Asanga,
1063:"The summary of the Great Vehicle by Bodhisattva Asaṅga"
978:
Rahula, Walpola; Boin-Webb, Sara (translators); Asanga,
965:
Rahula, Walpola; Boin-Webb, Sara (translators); Asanga,
954:
Being as Consciousness: Yogācāra Philosophy of Buddhism.
940:
Rahula, Walpola; Boin-Webb, Sara (translators); Asanga,
725:
Rahula, Walpola; Boin-Webb, Sara (translators); Asanga,
713:
Shambhala Publications, 2016, Translator's introduction.
599:
concurs, finding the Tibetan attribution less plausible.
476:
There is a closely related commentary on this text, the
369:, survives in one Tibetan and four Chinese translations.
1219:. Source; (accessed: Tuesday May 5, 2009), pp.165-166.
819:
Holy People of the World: A Cross-cultural Encyclopedia
215:
states that he was unsatisfied with his understanding.
897:
895:
721:
719:
509:
but before the classic works of Asanga and Vasubandhu.
196:
In the record of his journeys through the kingdoms of
992:
Tsong-kha-pa Blo-bzang-grags-pa; Tsoṅ-kha-pa (1991).
916:
The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions.
903:
The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions.
705:
703:
1268:
501:("Distinguishing the Middle and the Extremes", Tib.
892:
716:
1131:. Source; (accessed: Tuesday May 5, 2009), p.325.
700:
517:("Distinguishing Phenomena and Pure Being", Tib.
219:then recounts how he used his meditative powers (
3977:
929:Untying the Knots in Buddhism: Selected Essays.
436:The next group of texts are those that Tibetan
325:, he founded 25 Mahayana monasteries in India.
91:school. Traditionally, he and his half-brother
1025:. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 52.
545:), a verse text which attempts a synthesis of
1318:
1114:. Paris: Ecole d'Extreme Orient, 1969, p. 35.
732:
58:
2100:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
785:
607:), "but considers them as consisting of the
95:are regarded as the major classical Indian
1325:
1311:
1012:
998:. Princeton University Press. p. 30.
792:. Princeton University Press. p. 69.
693:. "Asaṅga, (flourished 5th century AD, b.
1112:La Theorie du Tathagatagarbha et du Gotra
567:(Exposition of the Jeweled lineage, Tib.
485:, but before the composition of Asanga's
111:, the doctrine of ideas or percepts, and
982:Jain Publishing Company, 2015, p. xviii.
406:variously retranslated into Sanskrit as
300:held that this figure, sometimes termed
134:
18:
3287:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
969:Jain Publishing Company, 2015, p. xvii.
918:, Numata Center, Berkeley, pp. 154-155.
853:Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism Online
815:
729:Jain Publishing Company, 2015, p. xiii.
3978:
3490:List of Buddhist architecture in China
1018:
944:Jain Publishing Company, 2015, p. xiv.
881:
879:
877:
875:
709:Engle, Artemus (translator), Asanga,
431:
1306:
1185:
1183:
1147:, vol. 33, no. 2, 2005, pp. 185–207.
1139:
1137:
1085:Jain Publishing Company, 2015, p. xx.
764:
762:
569:theg-pa chen-po rgyud bla-ma'i bstan,
519:chos-dang chos-nyid rnam-par 'byed-pa
378:a short summary of the main Mahayana
252:In the great mango grove five or six
16:4th century Mahayana Buddhist scholar
1193:Shambhala Publications, 2015, p. 81.
840:
789:The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism
541:( "Ornament for clear realization",
872:
846:
173:state that Asanga and his brother,
13:
3277:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
1180:
1134:
905:, Numata Center, Berkeley, p. 153.
759:
26:wood statue of Asaṅga from 1208 CE
14:
4032:
1264:
503:dbus-dang mtha' rnam-par 'byed-pa
470:theg-pa chen-po'i mdo-sde'i rgyan
227:Heaven to receive teachings from
3958:
3948:
3947:
3505:Thai temple art and architecture
3250:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
1490:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
1356:
1343:
1333:
1271:
887:Asaṅga, oxfordbibliographies.com
87:Buddhism and the founder of the
3996:4th-century Indian philosophers
1357:
1250:
1231:
1222:
1205:
1196:
1167:
1154:
1117:
1104:
1100:Zen and the Taming of the Bull.
1088:
1075:
1055:
1039:
972:
959:
947:
934:
921:
908:
768:Hattori, Masaaki. “Asaṅga.” In
543:Tib. mngon-par rtogs-pa'i rgyan
396:than is that of the Theravadin
3495:Japanese Buddhist architecture
3297:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
2377:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
1568:Places where the Buddha stayed
1287:Digital Dictionary of Buddhism
859:
809:
779:
678:
277:Mahāyāna-sūtra-alaṃkāra-śāstra
258:to the southwest of the city (
189:school but later converted to
59:
1:
3510:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
672:
418:A work strongly based on the
107:(awareness only; also called
3267:Buddhism and the Roman world
3243:Decline of Buddhism in India
3238:History of Buddhism in India
1338: Topics in
1145:Journal of Indian Philosophy
816:Jestice, Phyllis G. (2004).
774:The Encyclopedia of Religion
478:Mahāyānasūtrālamkāra-bhāṣya.
323:History of Buddhism in India
130:
7:
4011:Indian scholars of Buddhism
2465:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
2205:
1289:(type in "guest" as userID)
461:Mahāyānasūtrālamkāra-kārikā
389:
285:
275:
265:
10:
4037:
3986:4th-century Buddhist monks
3415:The unanswerable questions
1242:, oxfordbibliographies.com
865:Rama Karana Sarma (1993).
657:Āryasaṃdhinirmocana-bhāṣya
493:as an authoritative text).
169:. However the writings of
3943:
3895:
3810:
3725:
3500:Buddhist temples in Korea
3423:
3325:
3208:
2905:
2833:
2660:
2533:
2473:
2108:
2063:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
1974:
1966:Three planes of existence
1914:
1759:
1651:
1581:
1573:Buddha in world religions
1435:
1380:
1352:
1164:SUNY Press, 1997, p. 187.
42:
3282:Persecution of Buddhists
2503:Four stages of awakening
1884:Three marks of existence
1470:Physical characteristics
1256:Keenan, John P. (1989).
1177:SUNY Press, 1997, p. 17.
1061:Keenan, John P. (2003).
822:. ABC-CLIO. p. 69.
745:. KW. pp. 253–255.
626:Vajracchedikākāvyākhyā."
339:
318:teachings. According to
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63:; ;
2645:Ten principal disciples
1528:(aunt, adoptive mother)
1096:Buddhist Phenomenology.
690:Encyclopædia Britannica
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2868:Tibetan Buddhist canon
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99:exponents of Mahayana
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4006:Indian Buddhist monks
3365:Eight Consciousnesses
1475:Life of Buddha in art
1094:Dan Lusthaus (2002).
927:Wayman, Alex (1997).
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464:, ("The Adornment of
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2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2750:Padmasambhava
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2662:Major figures
2659:
2653:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2608:Western tulku
2606:
2605:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2409:Five precepts
2407:
2406:
2405:
2402:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2387:Dhamma vicaya
2385:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2155:Buddhābhiṣeka
2153:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1799:Enlightenment
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1789:Dhamma theory
1787:
1785:
1784:Buddha-nature
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1623:Samantabhadra
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1556:
1554:
1548:
1546:
1540:
1538:
1532:
1530:
1524:
1522:
1516:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1328:
1323:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1269:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1243:
1241:
1240:Yogācārabhūmi
1234:
1225:
1218:
1217:0-7914-0357-2
1214:
1208:
1199:
1192:
1186:
1184:
1176:
1170:
1163:
1157:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1138:
1130:
1129:0-7914-0357-2
1126:
1120:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1071:1-886439-21-4
1068:
1064:
1058:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1034:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1015:
1007:
1005:0-691-02067-1
1001:
997:
996:
988:
981:
975:
968:
962:
955:
950:
943:
937:
930:
924:
917:
911:
904:
898:
896:
888:
882:
880:
878:
876:
868:
862:
854:
850:
843:
836:
831:
825:
821:
820:
812:
805:
801:
795:
791:
790:
782:
775:
771:
765:
763:
754:
748:
744:
743:
735:
728:
722:
720:
712:
706:
704:
696:
692:
691:
686:
681:
677:
670:
668:
664:
663:
658:
654:
653:
652:Vajracchedikā
648:
647:Kārikāsaptati
643:
641:
640:
635:
634:
628:
627:
623:
622:
618:
613:
611:
610:Yogācārabhūmi
606:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
577:Buddha-nature
574:
570:
566:
565:
561:
559:
555:
550:
549:
544:
540:
539:
535:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
515:
511:
508:
504:
500:
499:
495:
492:
488:
484:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
462:
458:
457:
456:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
438:hagiographies
427:
423:
422:
421:Yogācārabhūmi
417:
413:
409:
405:
402:
399:
395:
393:
392:
385:
381:
377:
375:
371:
368:
364:
363:Great Vehicle
360:
359:
355:
354:
353:
350:
347:
337:
335:
331:
326:
324:
321:
317:
313:
309:
308:
303:
299:
293:
291:
289:
288:
281:
279:
278:
271:
269:
268:
261:
257:
256:
249:
247:
243:
241:
237:
233:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
209:
207:
203:
199:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
179:Central India
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
153:(present day
152:
145:
141:
137:
128:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
56:
52:
48:
40:
36:
32:
25:
21:
3905:Bodhisattvas
3825:Christianity
3820:Baháʼí Faith
3685:Dharmachakra
3675:Prayer wheel
3665:Prayer beads
3433:Architecture
3312:969 Movement
3096:Saudi Arabia
3074:Central Asia
3067:South Africa
2889:
2872:
2805:Panchen Lama
2710:Buddhapālita
2689:
2306:Satipatthana
2301:Mindful Yoga
2214:Recollection
2128:Brahmavihara
1999:Japanese Zen
1994:Chinese Chan
1954:Animal realm
1761:Key concepts
1583:Bodhisattvas
1395:Three Jewels
1251:Bibliography
1239:
1233:
1224:
1207:
1198:
1190:
1174:
1169:
1161:
1156:
1148:
1144:
1119:
1111:
1110:Ruegg, D.S.
1106:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1082:
1077:
1057:
1049:
1041:
1021:
1014:
994:
987:
979:
974:
966:
961:
953:
949:
941:
936:
928:
923:
915:
910:
902:
866:
861:
852:
849:"Vasubandhu"
842:
833:
818:
811:
803:
788:
781:
773:
772:. Vol. 1 of
769:
741:
734:
726:
710:
688:
680:
666:
661:
656:
650:
646:
644:
637:
631:
629:
625:
614:
608:
604:
602:
597:Peter Harvey
589:S.K. Hookham
572:
568:
562:
557:
552:commentator
547:
542:
536:
530:
526:
522:
518:
512:
506:
502:
496:
490:
486:
482:
477:
473:
469:
459:
454:
450:S.K. Hookham
435:
425:
420:
415:
411:
407:
403:
387:
372:
356:
351:
343:
327:
322:
305:
295:
283:
273:
263:
253:
251:
244:
210:
206:Sarvāstivāda
195:
148:
112:
109:Vijñaptivāda
108:
104:
76:
68:
50:
30:
29:
3750:Dharma talk
3579:Asalha Puja
3375:Eschatology
3178:Switzerland
3158:New Zealand
3086:Middle East
2995:Philippines
2915:Afghanistan
2720:Bodhidharma
2705:Buddhaghosa
2625:Householder
2535:Monasticism
2488:Bodhisattva
2343:Prostration
2296:Mindfulness
2224:Anapanasati
2207:Kammaṭṭhāna
2004:Korean Seon
1944:Asura realm
1939:Human realm
1879:Ten Fetters
1834:Parinirvana
1736:Uppalavanna
1701:Mahākaccana
1686:Mahākassapa
1618:Kṣitigarbha
1613:Ākāśagarbha
1510:Suddhodāna
1455:Four sights
1382:Foundations
1052:, Calcutta.
605:Yujia lunji
367:magnum opus
320:Taranatha's
307:Iṣṭa-devatā
298:Frauwallner
232:Bodhisattva
117:bodhisattva
105:Vijñanavada
3980:Categories
3867:Psychology
3847:Gnosticism
3835:Comparison
3830:Influences
3812:Comparison
3695:Bhavacakra
3653:Kushinagar
3628:Pilgrimage
3574:Māgha Pūjā
3529:Bodhi Tree
3345:Buddhology
3335:Abhidharma
3327:Philosophy
3260:Menander I
3128:Costa Rica
3079:Uzbekistan
2920:Bangladesh
2874:Dhammapada
2858:Pali Canon
2820:Ajahn Chah
2800:Dalai Lama
2700:Kumārajīva
2695:Vasubandhu
2670:The Buddha
2578:Zen master
2513:Sakadagami
2493:Buddhahood
2424:Pratimokṣa
2239:Shikantaza
2195:Meditation
2170:Deity yoga
2041:Madhyamaka
1934:Deva realm
1829:Mindstream
1779:Bodhicitta
1691:Aṅgulimāla
1558:Devadatta
1534:Yaśodharā
1437:The Buddha
1427:Middle Way
695:Puruṣapura
673:References
655:, and the
630:While the
583:patriarch
554:Haribhadra
398:Abhidhamma
380:Abhidharma
312:Sthiramati
217:Paramārtha
213:Paramārtha
183:Mahīśāsaka
175:Vasubandhu
151:Puruṣapura
101:Abhidharma
93:Vasubandhu
3935:Festivals
3915:Buddhists
3877:Theosophy
3680:Symbolism
3670:Hama yumi
3643:Bodh Gaya
3410:Socialism
3385:Evolution
3360:Economics
3198:Venezuela
3113:Australia
3108:Argentina
3032:Sri Lanka
3027:Singapore
2945:Indonesia
2907:Countries
2848:Tripiṭaka
2810:Ajahn Mun
2685:Nagarjuna
2680:Aśvaghoṣa
2563:Anagārika
2558:Śrāmaṇerī
2553:Śrāmaṇera
2548:Bhikkhunī
2508:Sotāpanna
2397:Passaddhi
2338:Offerings
2313:Nekkhamma
2190:Iddhipada
2110:Practices
2080:Theravada
2053:Vajrayana
2046:Yogachara
2016:Pure Land
1929:Six Paths
1916:Cosmology
1696:Anuruddha
1671:Sāriputta
1661:Kaundinya
1653:Disciples
1628:Vajrapāṇi
1480:Footprint
1445:Tathāgata
236:emptiness
131:Biography
89:Yogachara
51:thogs med
43:ཐོགས་མེད།
3953:Category
3882:Violence
3852:Hinduism
3800:Sanskrit
3755:Hinayana
3740:Amitābha
3700:Swastika
3569:Uposatha
3559:Holidays
3544:Calendar
3390:Humanism
3228:Kanishka
3218:Timeline
3042:Thailand
3010:Kalmykia
3005:Buryatia
2990:Pakistan
2975:Mongolia
2970:Maldives
2965:Malaysia
2930:Cambodia
2795:Shamarpa
2790:Nichiren
2740:Xuanzang
2675:Nagasena
2593:Rinpoche
2323:Pāramitā
2165:Devotion
2085:Navayana
2073:Dzogchen
2036:Nichiren
1984:Mahayana
1976:Branches
1854:Saṅkhāra
1603:Mañjuśrī
1560:(cousin)
1552:(cousin)
1520:(mother)
1512:(father)
1500:Miracles
1450:Birthday
1367:Glossary
1340:Buddhism
1048:(1930).
835:century.
624:and the
593:Maitripa
531:dharmatā
468:", Tib.
346:Yogācāra
316:Mahayana
246:Xuanzang
229:Maitreya
202:Xuanzang
191:Mahāyāna
167:Gandhāra
159:Pakistan
155:Peshawar
144:Maitreya
97:Sanskrit
85:Mahayana
37:: असंग,
35:Sanskrit
24:Japanese
3930:Temples
3910:Buddhas
3872:Science
3862:Judaism
3857:Jainism
3775:Lineage
3735:Abhijñā
3705:Thangka
3648:Sarnath
3633:Lumbini
3554:Funeral
3549:Cuisine
3425:Culture
3400:Reality
3350:Creator
3340:Atomism
3210:History
3183:Ukraine
3143:Germany
3062:Senegal
3052:Vietnam
2980:Myanmar
2780:Shinran
2770:Karmapa
2745:Shandao
2715:Dignāga
2640:Śrāvaka
2620:Donchee
2615:Kappiya
2573:Sayadaw
2543:Bhikkhu
2518:Anāgāmi
2475:Nirvana
2441:Samadhi
2328:Paritta
2269:Tonglen
2264:Mandala
2219:Smarana
2200:Mantras
2148:Upekkha
2118:Bhavana
2068:Shingon
2021:Tiantai
1874:Tathātā
1864:Śūnyatā
1859:Skandha
1849:Saṃsāra
1844:Rebirth
1819:Kleshas
1809:Indriya
1711:Subhūti
1596:Guanyin
1550:Ānanda
1542:Rāhula
1422:Nirvana
1362:Outline
687:at the
639:in toto
571:a.k.a.
523:vibhāga
442:Dharmas
391:Nikāyas
330:Magadha
260:Ayodhya
221:siddhis
163:Brahmin
161:) in a
140:Tibetan
121:Nalanda
39:Tibetan
3925:Sutras
3920:Suttas
3785:Siddhi
3770:Koliya
3745:Brahmā
3660:Poetry
3606:Mantra
3596:Kasaya
3468:Pagoda
3448:Kyaung
3443:Vihāra
3438:Temple
3380:Ethics
3223:Ashoka
3173:Sweden
3168:Poland
3163:Norway
3153:Mexico
3138:France
3123:Canada
3118:Brazil
3057:Africa
3037:Taiwan
3000:Russia
2925:Bhutan
2885:Vinaya
2765:Naropa
2755:Saraha
2690:Asanga
2446:Prajñā
2355:Refuge
2318:Nianfo
2279:Tertön
2274:Tantra
2259:Ganana
2249:Tukdam
2175:Dhyāna
2143:Mudita
2138:Karuṇā
2031:Risshū
2026:Huayan
1959:Naraka
1899:Anattā
1894:Dukkha
1889:Anicca
1794:Dharma
1746:Channa
1681:Ānanda
1666:Assaji
1633:Skanda
1536:(wife)
1505:Family
1485:Relics
1410:Sangha
1405:Dharma
1400:Buddha
1215:
1127:
1069:
1029:
1002:
931:p. 213
826:
796:
749:
685:Asanga
585:Fazang
581:Huayan
527:dharma
414:, and
282:, the
272:, the
225:Tuṣita
77:Mujaku
73:Romaji
69:Wúzhuó
65:pinyin
31:Asaṅga
3897:Lists
3765:Kalpa
3760:Iddhi
3623:Music
3618:Mudra
3584:Vassa
3564:Vesak
3534:Budai
3480:Candi
3463:Stupa
3395:Logic
3148:Italy
3047:Tibet
2985:Nepal
2955:Korea
2950:Japan
2940:India
2935:China
2880:Sutra
2835:Texts
2785:Dōgen
2775:Hōnen
2760:Atiśa
2725:Zhiyi
2635:Achar
2603:Tulku
2598:Geshe
2583:Rōshi
2568:Ajahn
2523:Arhat
2483:Bodhi
2453:Vīrya
2370:Sacca
2365:Satya
2360:Sādhu
2348:Music
2291:Merit
2284:Terma
2244:Zazen
2180:Faith
2133:Mettā
1814:Karma
1774:Bardo
1741:Asita
1731:Khema
1721:Upāli
1706:Nanda
1544:(son)
1518:Māyā
1495:Films
1372:Index
1149:JSTOR
340:Works
334:Bihar
198:India
125:Bihar
47:Wylie
3795:Pāḷi
3780:Māra
3690:Flag
3091:Iran
3015:Tuva
2960:Laos
2588:Lama
2436:Śīla
2404:Śīla
2392:Pīti
2382:Sati
2333:Puja
2254:Koan
2160:Dāna
1751:Yasa
1638:Tārā
1213:ISBN
1125:ISBN
1067:ISBN
1027:ISBN
1000:ISBN
869:p. 5
824:ISBN
794:ISBN
747:ISBN
3517:Art
3453:Wat
1989:Zen
234:on
157:in
81:fl.
79:) (
3982::
3019:ru
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894:^
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200:,
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103:,
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71:;
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60:無著
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53:,
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1326:e
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1008:.
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376:,
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