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2960:) "must be proven to be true by rational arguments" before being "accepted as the basis of the religion". Educated Muslims "must be convinced on the basis of rational arguments". A series of rational proofs were developed by these Ashʿarite theologians, including proofs for "the following doctrines or propositions":
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would have definitely done so; they further pointed out that the
Prophet, before his death, discussed and fully explained all those matters which were necessary from the religious point of view, leaving none of them to be discussed by his followers; and since he did not discuss the problems mentioned
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After clarifying what was meant precisely by philosophy in the
Islamic tradition, namely the various schools of peripatetic philosophy represented either by Ibn Rushd or Ibn Sina, it should be clear why Ibn Khaldun was opposed to them. His critique of philosophy is an Ash'ari critique, completely in
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The inspiration of al-Ashʿarī in this matter was on the one hand to distinguish essence and attribute as concepts, and on the other hand to see that the duality between essence and attribute should be situated not on the quantitative but on the qualitative level—something which
2919:. The majority of the Ash'arites went further, stating that only reason provides certain knowledge, while revelation is merely a matter of conjecture and cannot provide knowledge or certainty. Because of these views, they were criticized by the Salafis.
2926:, have sometimes stated that revelation also represents knowledge, while Ibn al-Tilimsanī criticized al-Razī, asking what grounds legal rulings if all revelation were mere conjecture, stating that revelation cannot entirely be based on conjecture.
2415:: But instead, Imam Al-Ash'ari affirmed the ambiguous verses in the Qur'an (such as those about the hand and eye's) without a "how" (modality) and without a meaning (meaning, he consigned the meaning to Allah(God)), which is called
2690:
Because of Divine omnipotence, there are no "natural laws" (of things like thermodynamics or gravity), because such laws would put limitations on His actions. There are, however, Divine "customs", whereby "certain so-called
87:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
3224:
2951:
Nicholas Heer writes that later Ashʿarite theologians "increasingly attempted to rationalize
Islamic doctrine" from about the 12th century onwards. Theologians such as al-Taftāzānī and al-Jurjānī argued that the
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about matters of faith became a heavy burden for them, and, therefore, they became inclined to blind faith and blind following (taqlid). They condemned those who tried to rationalize the principles of religion as
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It is said that in the early period, Ash'arites followed a method that combined reason and revelation. This is in contrast to the assertation by some Ash'arites that those who believe without thinking (
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mentioned in the Quran. In so far as these names and attributes have a positive reality, they are distinct from the essence, but nevertheless they don't have either existence or reality apart from it.
3064:, was too literal and responsible for the decline of Islamic science starting in the 10th century. Sachau stated that the two clerics were the only obstacle to the Muslim world becoming a nation of "
73:
3322:"Part I: Islamic Theologies during the Formative and the Early Middle period – Between Cordoba and Nīsābūr: The Emergence and Consolidation of Ashʿarism (Fourth–Fifth/Tenth–Eleventh Century)"
2911:
The later period some Ash'arites prioritized reason and relegated revelation to a secondary position, stating that revelation could never contradict reason. Examples of these include
2683:—and is by definition just; evil is what God forbids and is likewise unjust. Right and wrong are in no way determined intuitively or naturally, they are not objective realities. (
750:. Ashʿarism eventually became the predominant school of theological thought within Sunnī Islam, and is regarded as the single most important school of Islamic theology in the
2494:
whereby it was initially based on the foundations laid down by al-Ashʿarī, who founded the Ashʿarite school in the 10th century based on the methodology taught to him by the
765:, which became one of the dominant theological schools within Sunnī Islam. Ash'ari theology is considered one of the orthodox creeds of Sunnī Islam, alongside the Atharī and
3900:
line with the Ash'aris before him, including
Ghazali and Fakhr al-din al-Razi, both of whom Ibn Khaldun recommends for those who wish to learn how to refute the philosophers
3688:
Hashas, Mohammed. "Is
European Islam Experiencing an Ontological Revolution for an Epistemological Awakening?." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 31: 4 (2014): 14.
2419:. He also allowed another orthodox way of dealing with the ambiguous verses in the Qur'an called Ta'wil (interpretation based on the arabic language and revelation).
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movement that used rational argumentation to defend Sunni creed. However, the Ashʿarite school underwent many developments throughout history, resulting in the term
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2730:) under this doctrine, although their freedom is limited to the power to decide between the given possibilities God has created. (This doctrine is now known in
2722:("acquisition"), by which human beings "acquire" responsibility for their actions, although these "actions are willed and created by God". Humans still possess
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2908:) cannot be true believers. This view indicates that believing in religion without using reason and thought is considered invalid according to them.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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CÜRCÂNÎ, Seyyid Şerîf: Şerhü'l-Mevâkıf, Trcm. Prof.Dr. Ömer TÜRKER, Türkiye Yazma
Eserler Kurumu Başkanlığı Yayınları, İstanbul, 2015, c. I, p. 440
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are real and able to physically possess people, although not mentioned in the works above, many Ash'arites consider this as part of the
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rejected the lack of literalism in Ashʿarī "speculative theology" and advocated "literal acceptance of God's description of
Himself".
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4466:İBNÜ't-TİLİMSÂNÎ, Abdullah: Nşr. Mahmud Avvad SALİM: Şerhu Me'âlimi Usûli'd-Dîn, Daru'l-Kütübi'l-Mısriyye, Kahire, 2011. p. 125-26.
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Islam, Migration and Jinn: Spiritual
Medicine in Muslim Health Management. (2021). Deutschland: Springer International Publishing.
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3220:"Part 3: Islamic Philosophy in History – Dimensions of the Islamic Intellectual Tradition: Kalām, Philosophy, and Spirituality"
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Frank, Richard M. (January–March 1989). "Knowledge and Taqlîd: The
Foundations of Religious Belief in Classical Ashʿarism".
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Pakatchi, Ahmad (2015). "Ashʿarīs: the dissemination of Ashʿarī theology". In
Madelung, Wilferd; Daftary, Farhad (eds.).
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2009:
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Also because of Divine power, all human acts—even the decision to raise a finger—are created by God. This had caused
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Arabic Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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I.M.N. Al-Jubouri, History of Islamic Philosophy: With View of Greek Philosophy and Early History of Islam, p 182.
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tempts man, contrarily to the Mu'tazila and Jahmiyya (the mention of the latter two branches only appears in
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The unique nature and attributes of God cannot be understood fully by human reason and the physical senses.
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Weeks, Douglas. "The Ideology of Al Muhajiroun." Al Muhajiroun. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2020. 103-140.
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CÜVEYNÎ, Ebu'l-Me'âlî: Kitâbü'l-İrşâd. Çvr. Prof. Adnan BALOĞLU. T.D.V. Yayınları, Ankara 2016. p. 292.
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The Construction of Orthodoxy and Heresy: Neo-Confucian, Islamic, Jewish, and Early Christian Patterns
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God has "absolute freedom" to "punish or reward as He wills", and so may forgive the sins of those in
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Classical Islamic Theology: The Ash'arites. Texts and Studies on the Development and History of Kalam
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God is all-powerful, willful, knowing, living, seeing, hearing, and speaking (signifying attributes).
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BAĞDÂDÎ, Abdulkâhir. Kitabu Usuli'd-Dîn. Çvr. Ömer AYDIN. İşaret Yayınları, İstanbul 2016. p. 291
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Watt, Montgomery. Free-Will and Predestination in Early Islam. Luzac & Co.: London 1948.
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Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam: The Muslim Brotherhood, Ash'arism, and Political Sunnism
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Javad Anvari, Mohammad (2015). "al-Ashʿarī". In Madelung, Wilferd; Daftary, Farhad (eds.).
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were beyond human capability. The solution proposed by al-Ashʿarī to solve the problems of
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Ashʿarites also hold beliefs about God's attributes that are unique to them, such as:
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Islamic Philosophy from Its Origin to the Present: Philosophy in the Land of Prophecy
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concedes that the Supreme Being possesses in a real sense the divine attributes and
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Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy
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Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy
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Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy
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820:. Scholars and scientists who were affiliated with the Ash'ari school included
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Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥāmmad ibn Karrām ibn Arrāk ibn Huzāba ibn al-Barā’ as-Sijjī
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because human acts are what humans are judged for when being sent to heaven (
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above, it was evident that to discuss them must be regarded as an innovation.
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can be seen and they have an interpretation ("interpretation" only found in
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Abū’l-Huzayl Muḥāmmad ibn al-Huzayl ibn Abdillāh al-Allāf al-Abdī al-Bāsrī
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4792:. Variorum Collected Studies Series. Vol. III. Abingdon, Oxfordshire:
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Please help rewrite or integrate negative information to other sections
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
8564:
Abū’l-Hūsayn Abdūrrāhīm ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Uthmān al-Hayyāt (Hayyātīyya)
8423:
Abū Abdirrahmān Bishr ibn Ghiyāth ibn Abī Karīma al-Marīsī al-Baghdādī
3414:
2759:
Reason is God-given and must be employed over the source of knowledge.
2358:, and for al-Ashʿarī this was the basis for propagating the view that
11040:
11028:
11006:
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10850:
Abū Abdi’l-Lāh Ahmad ibn Abī Du'ad Faraj ibn Carīr ibn Mâlik al-Iyādī
10841:
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Abū ʿAbdillāh al-Husayn ibn Muḥāmmad ibn ʿAbdillāh an-Najjār ar-Rāzī
8515:
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Rashed, Roshdi (2007), "The Celestial Kinematics of Ibn al-Haytham",
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Miracles indicate the truthfulness of one who claims to be a prophet;
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being extremely broad in its modern usage (e.g., differences between
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4631:, p. 120. From the Greenwood Guides to Science and Religion Series.
3892:"The Myth of Intellectual Decline: A Response to Shaykh Hamza Yusuf"
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The existence of sorcerers and that magic is a reality in the world.
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3580:. Islamicate Intellectual History. Vol. 5. Leiden and Boston:
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criticised the Ashʿarī theology as (in the words of one historian,
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had failed to grasp. Ashʿarite theologians were referred to as the
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and predestination, elaborating the thoughts of Dirar ibn 'Amr and
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and not to any other authorities formed the basis for much of his
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Abū Hāshīm Abdu’s-Salām ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb al-Jubbā'ī
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Al-Ash'ari established a middle way between the doctrines of the
305:
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Ashariyys – The Knights of Knowledge and the Pioneers of Success
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2472:. They said that had such discussions been the right thing, the
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that contributed to the dissemination of Ashʿarī thought in the
84:
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Abū Mūsā Isā ibn Subeyh (Sabīh) al-Murdār al-Bāsrī (Murdārīyya)
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Abū Muḥrīz Jahm ibn Ṣafwān ar-Rāsibī as-Samarqāndī at-Tirmidhī
3966:
John L. Esposito, The Islamic World: Abbasid-Historian, p 54.
3679:
Fah̲rī, Mağīd. Ethical theories in Islam. Vol. 8. Brill, 1991.
3578:
Philosophical Theology in Islam: Later Ashʿarism East and West
2718:, justice, and divine omnipotence, with their own doctrine of
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For example, the Ashʿarite view was that comprehension of the
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The creator of the universe is knowing, powerful and willing;
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should keep developing with the aid of older interpretations.
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God, but like God has always been. It can also be said to be
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Gyekye, Kwame. "Theology and Law in Islam." (1976): 304-306.
3274:. Translated by Melvin-Koushki, Matthew. Leiden and Boston:
3060:
affirms that the Ashʿarī theology and its biggest defender,
10914:
Abū’l-Kāsīm Abdullāh ibn Ahmad ibn Māhmūd al-Balhī al-Kā‘bī
8458:
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Abū Muḥāmmad (Abū’l-Hākem) Heshām ibn Sālem al-Jawālikī al-
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schools of Islamic theology, based both on reliance on the
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Abū Ma‘n Sūmāma ibn Ashras an-Nūmayrī al-Bāsrī al-Baghdādī
3630:
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6159:
A Guide to Conclusive Proofs for the Principles of Belief
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Abū Alī Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb ibn Sallām al-Jubbā'ī
3936:. Translated by Waley, Muhammad Isa. Leiden and Boston:
2982:
Muhammad claimed to be a prophet and performed miracles.
2867:
That prayers for dead Muslims and almsgiving reach them.
2814:
Ashʿarites further affirm that Muslims beliefs include:
3976:
3506:
Early Islamic Theology: The Muʿtazilites and al-Ashʿarī
2695:" usually follow certain "causes" in the natural world.
5957:
2016 international conference on Sunni Islam in Grozny
4252:
3842:
3146:
2016 international conference on Sunni Islam in Grozny
8611:
Abū Amr Ḍirār ibn Amr al-Gatafānī al-Kūfī (Ḍirārīyya)
8574:
Abū Uthmān Amr ibn Bhār ibn Māhbūb al-Jāhiz al-Kinānī
4500:
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3960:
2762:
Intellectual inquiry is decreed by the Quran and the
10846:
Abū Sahl Bīshr ibn al-Mu‘tamīr al-Hilālī al-Baghdādī
8444:
Abu’l-Hassan Muqātil ibn Sulaymān ibn Bashīr al-Azdī
671:
645:
80:
4687:"Is Ghazālī really the Halagu of Science in Islam?"
2659:The Ashʿarī school of Islamic theology holds that:
2654:
642:
76:
a machine-translated version of the Arabic article.
10890:Abū Bakr Muḥāmmad ibn Abdillāh ibn Shabīb al-Basrī
10838:Abū Amr (Abū Mu‘tamīr) Muāmmar ibn Abbād as-Sūlamī
8552:Hīshām ibn Amr al-Fuwātī ash-Shaybānī (Hīshāmīyya)
4495:
4488:See the article “al-Djurdjānī” by A.S. Tritton in
2922:Contrary to this, some within the school, such as
772:Amongst the most famous Ashʿarite theologians are
10378:Haisamīyya (Abū ʿAbdallāh Muhammad ibn al-Haisam)
4475:See the article “al-Taftāzānī” by W. Madelung in
3706:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3446:(3rd Revised ed.). California and Maryland:
757:The disciples of the Ash'ari school are known as
11300:
9307:
8541:Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm ibn Sayyār ibn Hāni’ an-Nazzām
2385:While Al-Ashʿarī opposed the views of the rival
719:. It is one of the three main schools alongside
10705:Abū Abdillāh Mugīre ibn Sāīd al-ʿIjlī el-Bajalī
8555:Abū Sahl Abbād ibn Sulaimān (Salmān) as-Sāymarī
4174:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3106:should be applied only to Islam and not to any
2786:, who belongs to the faithful and who does not.
4873:"Constituting Identities: Beliefs and Schools"
4277:
4275:
3697:
3563:
3561:
3559:
105:accompanying your translation by providing an
67:Click for important translation instructions.
54:expand this article with text translated from
30:"Ash'ari" redirects here. For other uses, see
9286:List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam
8636:Abū ʿAbdallāh Ibnū’z-Zā‘farānī (Zā‘farānīyya)
7730:
6215:
6060:
4967:
4406:
4207:
4188:
4186:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3301:
2673:Good is what God commands—as revealed in the
2545:("those who make firm") by the Muʿtazilites.
2296:
605:
4017:"Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ashʿarī, Muslim theologian"
3812:Lebanese Salafis Between the Gulf and Europe
3749:
3491:
3489:
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3485:
3483:
3481:
3269:
3254:
3185:Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
2941:, a leading contemporary Ashʿarī scholar of
2753:when it takes on a form in letters or sound.
2580:. There might be a discussion about this on
2330:, which belonged to the first generation of
761:, and the school is also referred to as the
10384:Ishāqīyya (Abū Yaʿqūb Ishāq ibn Mahmashādh)
4877:Muslim Identities: An Introduction to Islam
4272:
3556:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3194:
2623:
2612:Two popular sources for Ash'ari creeds are
742:and theological rationalism concerning the
10405:Tarā'ifīyya (Ahmad ibn ʿAbdūs at-Tarā'ifī)
7757:
7737:
7723:
6222:
6208:
6074:
6067:
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4974:
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4183:
3815:. Amsterdam University Press. p. 18.
3576:. In Shihadeh, Ayman; Thiele, Jan (eds.).
3298:
2967:The universe has an originator or creator;
2806:
2464:, the leaping of atoms, and Attributes of
2303:
2289:
612:
598:
5933:Al-Sayf al-Saqil fi al-Radd ala Ibn Zafil
4825:
4659:(1998), "Science in Islamic philosophy",
3914:(1998), "Science in Islamic philosophy",
3848:
3710:
3643:
3478:
2600:Learn how and when to remove this message
2167:International Islamic University Malaysia
10007:Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah
8546:Abū Bakr Abdurrahmān ibn Kaysān al-Asāmm
4573:
4528:
4177:Al-Fiqh-Al-Akbar-An-Accurate-Translation
4047:
3931:
3382:Journal of the American Oriental Society
3191:
3110:authorities, Ibn al-Haytham's view that
3056:In contrast, German orientalist scholar
2933:
2915:, al-Ghazali, Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, and
2714:). Ashʿaris reconciled the doctrines of
2389:, he was also opposed to the view which
847:
10230:Nafi ibn al-Azraq al-Hānafī al-Handhalī
4268:. Oxford University Press. p. 117.
3330:The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology
2899:
859:, one of the most important centers of
14:
11301:
9587:
9230:Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity
4867:
4757:
4715:
4655:
4649:
4125:
4043:
4041:
3865:
3567:
3435:
3319:
3151:2020 International Maturidi Conference
2700:controversy earlier in Islamic history
2405:), schools for their over-emphasis on
2393:, held by certain schools such as the
2378:into a "dual agent" or "acquisition" (
10798:Sovereign State of the Bektashi Order
9306:
8379:Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar
7756:
7718:
7460:
7228:
6844:
6203:
6048:
4955:
4781:
4684:
4678:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4364:
4362:
3495:
3378:
3342:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.013.45
3126:and other ancient authorities in his
2187:2016 International Islamic Conference
7744:
7229:
6845:
4667:Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy
4504:
4263:
4179:. SunnahMuakada.com. pp. 43–44.
3920:Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3877:Hamad al-Sanan, Fawziy al-'Anjariy,
3808:
3214:
3006:"criticism" or "controversy" section
2990:
2832:will return to earth and defeat the
2552:
2490:Ashʿarism became the main school of
2436:'. They considered discussion about
2350:. He was noted for his teachings on
36:
10018:ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Hārb ibn al-Kindi
6169:The Incoherence of the Philosophers
4038:
2846:Including the angels of the grave (
2338:). As a young man he studied under
661:
24:
6109:Istihsan al-Khawd fi 'Ilm al-Kalam
4388:
4359:
4139:"Fatawa – Who are the Ash'arites?"
4014:
2929:
2743:Quran is the uncreated word of God
1978:Istihsan al-Khawd fi 'Ilm al-Kalam
25:
11345:
10390:Muhājirīyya (Ibrāhīm ibn Muhājir)
4913:
4828:"The Doctrines of Sunni Theology"
4175:Al Numan ibn Thabit, Abu Hanifa.
3082:states that some of the greatest
2802:(rationalistic Islamic theology).
2726:(or, more accurately, freedom of
2515:unique nature and characteristics
10408:Tūnīyya (Abū Bakr ibn ʿAbdallāh)
8630:Abū Amr (Abū Yahyā) Hāfs al-Fard
8502:Abū Marwān Gaylān ibn Mūslīm ad-
8180:Abū Ḥanīfah al-Nu'mān ibn Thābit
7699:
7698:
7687:
7208:Schools of islamic jurisprudence
6398:Timeline of the history of Islam
6229:
5765:
5008:
5007:
4996:
4984:Ash'ari school of Sunni theology
4933:The Ash'ari's School of Theology
4514:University of Washington Faculty
3809:Pall, Zoltan (31 January 2013).
3762:Islamic Thought: An Introduction
3116:prophets and messengers of Islam
2995:
2820:prophets and messengers of Islam
2769:, therefore the interpretation (
2655:God and relationship with humans
2644:Dissimilarity to created things;
2557:
2272:
2271:
2260:
894:
629:
581:
163:
41:
27:Sunni school of Islamic theology
10960:United Submitters International
10239:Abu Bayhas al-Hāytham ibn Jābir
9617:Alid dynasties of northern Iran
8970:Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi
7559:List of ex-Muslim organisations
4751:
4709:
4618:
4579:
4534:
4507:"A LECTURE ON ISLAMIC THEOLOGY"
4482:
4469:
4460:
4451:
4442:
4433:
4424:
4415:
4375:
4338:
4317:
4304:Islam in Historical Perspective
4296:
4213:
4168:
4155:
4131:
4094:
4069:
4060:
4008:
3992:
3946:10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_0301
3925:
3905:
3884:
3871:
3836:
3802:
3796:
3775:
3743:
3737:
3691:
3682:
3673:
3664:
3658:
3649:
3550:
3284:10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_0300
11254:Sunni schools of jurisprudence
10267:Abū Yazīd Mukhallad ibn Kayrād
8980:Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub
8975:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi
8633:Muḥāmmad ibn ʿĪsā (Burgūsīyya)
8254:Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari
5645:'Abdallah ibn 'Alawi al-Haddad
4718:Arabic Sciences and Philosophy
4685:Anwar, Sabieh (October 2008),
4054:A History of Muslim Philosophy
3472:
3429:
3372:
3366:
3173:
3114:should be applied only to the
2745:, that is, it was not created
2641:Absoluteness and independence;
2485:
1927:Muhammad Sa'id Ramadan al-Buti
1728:'Abdallah ibn 'Alawi al-Haddad
115:You may also add the template
13:
1:
11334:Islamic philosophical schools
10681:al-Mufaddal ibn Umar al-Ju'fi
9007:Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid
6149:Al-Insaf fima Yajib I'tiqaduh
6129:Sharh al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyya
5322:Muhammad Metwalli al-Sha'rawi
4826:Halverson, Jeffry R. (2010).
4764:History of Islamic Philosophy
4283:The New Encyclopedia of Islam
4196:Oxford University Press 2000
3443:The New Encyclopedia of Islam
3009:may compromise the article's
2947:(Islamic systematic theology)
2635:Permanence without beginning;
2370:. He nonetheless believed in
2356:earliest Islamic philosophies
2332:Muhammad's closest companions
2010:Sharh al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyya
1890:Muhammad Mitwalli al-Sha'rawi
1857:Muhammad al-'Arabi al-Tabbani
10369:ʿĀbidīyya (ʿUthmān al-ʿĀbid)
10310:Abd Allah ibn Wahb al-Rasibi
10291:'Abdullāh ibn Ibāḍ al-Tamimi
9309:Islamic schools and branches
8144:Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad
8049:Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam
7544:Apostasy in Islam by country
7411:Liberalism and progressivism
5489:Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam
5310:Muhammad al-Tahir ibn 'Ashur
5142:Ibn 'Ata' Allah al-Iskandari
4325:Islam Today: An Introduction
3436:Glassé, Cyril, ed. (2003) .
3156:Islamic schools and branches
3041:The medieval Muslim scholar
2986:
2468:, to be an innovation and a
1866:Muhammad al-Tahir ibn 'Ashur
1287:Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam
794:Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam
7:
10301:Abu Qudama Yazid ibn Fandin
8997:Hassan Ala Dhikrihi's Salam
8354:Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi
8289:Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi
6119:Mujarrad Maqalat al-Ash'ari
5292:Muhammad ibn 'Ali al-Sanusi
4782:Frank, Richard M. (2016) .
4281:Cyril Glassé, Huston Smith
4194:The Oxford History of Islam
3881:, pp.248-258. Dar al-Diya'.
3713:"The Making of Orthodoxies"
3711:Henderson, John B. (1998).
3496:Frank, Richard M. (2020) .
3139:
3098:, who were pioneers of the
2964:The universe is originated;
2149:Dar al-Hadith al-Ashrafiyya
1986:Mujarrad Maqalat al-Ash'ari
672:
10:
11350:
11057:Bandagi Mian Syed Khundmir
10497:Muhammad ibn Ziyād al-Kūfī
10250:Najdah ibn 'Amir al-Hānafī
9928:Nasir Khusraw al-Qubadiani
9412:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
8668:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
8299:Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi
8259:Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi
8084:Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi
7461:
6001:Ash'ari-related templates
5858:Ibn Abdelkarim al-Khattabi
5840:Emir Abdelkader al-Jazairi
5190:Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi
4942:Dar al-Iftaa Al-Missriyyah
4929:Dar al-Iftaa Al-Missriyyah
4726:Cambridge University Press
4637:Greenwood Publishing Group
4490:The Encyclopaedia of Islam
4477:The Encyclopaedia of Islam
4401:The theology of al-ash'ari
4383:The theology of al-ash'ari
4370:The theology of al-ash'ari
4306:Taylor & Francis 2016
4163:The theology of al-ash'ari
3897:Ibn Khaldun on Philosophy:
3879:Ahl al-Sunnah al-Asha'irah
3161:List of prominent Ash'aris
2548:
2326:, and was a descendant of
2161:Islamic Education Movement
1543:Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi
870:
843:
740:sacred scriptures of Islam
79:Machine translation, like
29:
11248:
11201:
11153:
11107:
10997:
10984:
10923:
10820:
10758:
10741:
10628:
10576:
10567:
10506:
10423:
10357:
10334:
10281:
10201:
10186:
10116:
9983:
9826:
9690:
9665:
9641:Extinct Zaydi Shi'a sects
9578:
9478:
9328:
9319:
9315:
9302:
9276:
9221:
9168:
9064:
9057:
9015:
8985:Tayyibi Ismā'īlī doctrine
8945:
8803:
8700:Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i
8648:
8618:
8525:
8493:
8434:
8392:
8213:
8167:
8154:Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki
8129:Abu Ali al-Hassan al-Yusi
7979:Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani
7918:
7909:
7877:
7849:
7816:
7788:
7781:
7777:
7752:
7682:
7567:
7534:
7474:
7470:
7456:
7383:
7350:
7322:Geography and cartography
7297:
7244:
7240:
7224:
7050:
6972:
6919:
6868:
6864:
6840:
6710:
6534:
6494:
6377:
6329:
6253:
6249:
6238:
6099:
6082:
5999:
5952:
5945:
5893:
5886:
5781:
5774:
5763:
5730:
5705:
5347:
5328:Muhammad 'Alawi al-Maliki
5286:Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki
5166:Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi
5052:Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani
5042:
5023:
4991:
4881:Columbia University Press
4734:10.1017/S0957423907000355
4128:, pp. 115 & 116.
3590:10.1163/9789004426610_009
3391:American Oriental Society
3128:Doubts Concerning Ptolemy
2954:Islamic sacred scriptures
1899:Muhammad 'Alawi al-Maliki
1587:(d. 907/1501 or 908/1502)
1031:'Abd al-Qahir al-Baghdadi
389:Sunni schools of theology
56:the corresponding article
10670:Umayr ibn Bayān al-ʿIjlī
9545:Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi
9159:The Moderation in Belief
9040:Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya
8778:Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi
8349:Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri
8279:Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi
7641:Islamic view of miracles
6164:The Moderation in Belief
6154:Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya
6124:Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari
5928:Al-Iqtisad fi al-I'tiqad
5898:Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari
5513:Nizam al-Din al-Nisapuri
4143:Dar al-Ifta al Misriyyah
3500:. In Frank, Richard M.;
3166:
2624:God and God's attributes
2492:early Islamic philosophy
2382:) account of free will.
2362:created every moment in
2342:, a renowned teacher of
2132:Al-Qarawiyyin University
2055:Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya
1994:Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari
117:{{Translated|ar|أشعرية}}
32:Ash'ari (disambiguation)
11132:Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani
10523:Hammād ibn Abū Sūlaimān
10441:Yūnus ibn Awn an-Namīrī
10213:Abd al-Karīm ibn Adjrād
9152:Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi
9110:Al-Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah
8965:Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani
8369:Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi
8274:Akmal al-Din al-Babarti
8264:'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari
8104:Al-Maqqari al-Tilmisani
8059:Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi
7994:Abu Ishaq al-Isfara'ini
7396:Creationism (evolution)
6085:Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari
5798:'Abd al-Mu'min ibn 'Ali
5543:Shams al-Din al-Kirmani
5429:Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani
5381:Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini
5226:Al-Maqqari al-Tilimsani
5130:Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi
4920:Who are the Ash'arites?
4844:10.1057/9780230106581_2
4767:. London: Keagan Paul.
4505:Heer, Nicholas (n.d.).
4021:Encyclopædia Britannica
3334:Oxford University Press
3332:. Oxford and New York:
2775:) of the Quran and the
2618:Ibana'an Usul al-Diyana
2316:Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ashʿarī
2121:Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad
1945:Muhammad 'Ali al-Sabuni
1533:Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli
1470:Siraj al-Din al-Bulqini
1437:Badr al-Din al-Zarkashi
1419:Shams al-Din al-Kirmani
1314:Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi
1157:(d. 511 or 512/1117-19)
1022:Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini
686:Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari
187:Prophets and Messengers
126:For more guidance, see
11319:Sunni Islamic branches
10804:Galip Hassan Kuscuoglu
10381:Hīdīyya (Hīd ibn Saif)
9874:Baha al-Din al-Muqtana
9369:Khwaja Abdullah Ansari
9030:Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd
9025:Abu'l-Jarud al-Hamdani
8960:Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani
8920:Agha Zia ol Din Araghi
8905:Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi
8585:Abu al-Husayn al-Basri
8580:Al-Qadi 'Abd al-Jabbar
8339:Shah Waliullah Dehlawi
8249:Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi
8244:Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi
8229:Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi
8099:Jalal al-Din al-Dawani
8064:Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati
7989:Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi
7656:Persecution of Muslims
7554:List of former Muslims
6403:Succession to Muhammad
6179:Daf' Shubah al-Tashbih
5752:Abu Hayyan al-Andalusi
5663:Bediuzzaman Said Nursi
5603:Jalal al-Din al-Dawani
5561:Nur al-Din al-Haythami
5399:Abu Nu'aym al-Isfahani
5393:Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi
5220:Ahmad Baba al-Timbukti
5154:Ibn al-Hajj al-'Abdari
4492:, vol. II, pp. 602-603
4346:Encyclopaedia of Islam
4264:Gibb, H.A.R. (1953) .
3934:Encyclopaedia Islamica
3922:, retrieved 2008-02-03
3574:) of God's Attributes"
3272:Encyclopaedia Islamica
3122:and criticism against
3051:Shah Waliullah Dehlawi
2976:Miracles are possible;
2948:
2638:Endurance without end;
2483:
2366:and every particle of
2085:Daf' Shubah al-Tashbih
2002:Al-'Aqida al-Tahawiyya
1848:Bediüzzaman Said Nursi
1737:Shah Waliullah Dehlawi
1585:Jalal al-Din al-Dawani
1524:Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani
1488:Nur al-Din al-Haythami
1392:Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati
1154:Abu al-Qasim al-Ansari
867:
455:Contemporary movements
270:Rightly-Guided Caliphs
197:Succession to Muhammad
11073:Wallace Fard Muhammad
10025:Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya
9532:Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi
9281:Early Muslim scholars
9089:Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq
8359:Rahmatullah Kairanawi
8109:Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi
8019:Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi
7440:Conversion to mosques
7307:Alchemy and chemistry
6144:Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq
6114:Maqalat al-Islamiyyin
5913:Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq
5852:'Izz al-Din al-Qassam
5633:Al-Khatib al-Shirbini
5597:Nur al-Din al-Samhudi
5579:Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani
5555:Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi
5519:Jamal al-Din al-Mizzi
5441:Al-Raghib al-Isfahani
5411:Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi
5369:Al-Hakim al-Nishapuri
5100:Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi
4591:Oneworld Publications
4581:Brown, Jonathan A. C.
4546:Oneworld Publications
4536:Brown, Jonathan A. C.
4285:Rowman Altamira 2003
4225:Oneworld Publications
4215:Brown, Jonathan A. C.
3783:Encyclopedia of Islam
3568:Hoover, John (2020).
3518:10.4324/9781003110385
3320:Thiele, Jan (2016) .
3120:scientific skepticism
2973:Prophecy is possible;
2937:
2685:Divine command theory
2614:Maqalat al-Islamiyyin
2421:
2063:Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq
1637:Al-Khatib al-Shirbini
1479:Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi
1190:Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi
1136:Al-Raghib al-Isfahani
1076:Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi
903:al-'Aqida al-Murshida
851:
778:Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani
705:scholastic theologian
128:Knowledge:Translation
99:copyright attribution
10719:‘Ulyanīyya/'Alyaīyya
10514:Al-Harith ibn Surayj
9704:Theology of Twelvers
9549:Rashid Ahmad Gangohi
9096:Al-Milal wa al-Nihal
8895:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
8294:Siraj al-Din al-Ushi
8284:Nur al-Din al-Sabuni
8269:Al-Sharif al-Jurjani
8089:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami
8054:Taqi al-Din al-Subki
8044:Sayf al-Din al-Amidi
8039:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
8014:Abu al-Walid al-Baji
7166:Ma malakat aymanukum
6741:Association football
6640:Moderate Kharijites
6139:Al-Milal wa al-Nihal
6134:Al-Asma' wa al-Sifat
5918:Al-Milal wa al-Nihal
5834:Al-Nasir ibn Qalawun
5627:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami
5525:Taqi al-Din al-Subki
5477:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
5423:Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi
5172:Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi
5082:Abu Bakr al-Turtushi
5076:Abu al-Walid al-Baji
5033:Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari
4899:10.7312/hugh16146.13
4883:. pp. 183–202.
3894:. 27 November 2017.
3584:. pp. 195–230.
3512:. pp. 136–154.
3336:. pp. 225–241.
3232:. pp. 124–126.
3216:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein
3096:Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī
3047:Jonathan A. C. Brown
2900:Ashʿarism and reason
2570:confusing or unclear
2539:Muʿtazilite thinking
2344:Muʿtazilite theology
2155:Nahdlatul Ulama (NU)
2100:Al-Murshid al-Mu'een
2070:Al-Milal wa al-Nihal
2047:Al-Asma' wa al-Sifat
1628:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami
1506:Al-Sharif al-Jurjani
1401:Taqi al-Din al-Subki
1374:Safi al-Din al-Hindi
1268:Sayf al-Din al-Amidi
1250:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
1103:Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi
1094:Abu al-Walid al-Baji
971:Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari
798:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
709:scriptural authority
237:Declaration of Faith
10953:Ghulam Ahmed Pervez
10695:Abū Mānsūr al-ʿIjlī
10667:ʿIjlīyya/Umayrīyya
10465:Abū Sawbān al-Murjī
10127:An-Nafs Az-Zakiyyah
9434:Other Salafi trends
9263:Musta'li Isma'ilism
9179:Eʿteqādātal-Emāmīya
8570:Ja'far ibn Mūbassīr
8334:Anwar Shah Kashmiri
7984:Zakariyya al-Ansari
5675:'Abdallah al-Harari
5615:Zakariyya al-Ansari
5537:Taj al-Din al-Subki
5316:Abdel-Halim Mahmoud
5256:Muhammad al-Zurqani
5202:Ahmad al-Wansharisi
4692:Monthly Renaissance
4479:, vol. X, pp. 88-89
4344:Ian Richard Netton
4327:A&C Black 2010
3868:, pp. 193–194.
3781:Juan Eduardo Campo
3108:ancient Hellenistic
2956:(the Quran and the
2782:Only God knows the
2578:clarify the section
2411:(imitation) in his
2391:rejected all debate
2328:Abū Mūsa al-Ashʿarī
2127:Al-Azhar University
2040:Tahafut al-Falasifa
1721:Muhammad al-Zurqani
1610:Zakariyya al-Ansari
1410:Taj al-Din al-Subki
1049:Abu Dharr al-Harawi
11252:Other scholars of
11143:Islamic modernists
11117:Modernist Salafism
10768:Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar
10727:Abdullah ibn Saba'
10662:Muʿāmmar ibn Ahmar
10547:Ibrāhim ibn Yousūf
10535:Mūsā ibn Abū Kasīr
10526:Muhārīb ibn Dithār
10457:Abū Muāz at-Tūmanī
9779:Astarabadi (Naimi)
9509:Abdullah al-Harari
9463:Muhammad bin Dawud
9396:Syed Nazeer Husain
9131:Tabsirat al-Adilla
9045:Al-Mansur al-Qasim
8880:Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid
8727:Syed Nazeer Husain
8650:Salafi Theologians
8402:Al-Ja'd ibn Dirham
8374:Muhammad Abu Zahra
8159:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan
8009:Abdul Qadir Gilani
7661:Quran and miracles
7575:Criticism of Islam
7279:Geometric patterns
7131:Gender segregation
6702:Non-denominational
5810:Abu Bakr ibn Ayyub
5657:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan
4938:2018-01-04 at the
4925:2016-03-05 at the
4838:. pp. 13–31.
4836:Palgrave Macmillan
4662:Islamic Philosophy
4399:Richard McCarthy
4381:Richard McCarthy
4368:Richard McCarthy
4161:Richard McCarthy
3916:Islamic Philosophy
3785:New York, NY 2009
3723:. pp. 55–58.
3450:. pp. 61–63.
3088:Islamic Golden Age
3018:through discussion
2949:
2864:Paradise and hell.
2732:Western philosophy
2387:Muʿtazilite school
1909:Abdullah al-Harari
1830:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan
1679:Ibrahim al-Laqqani
1040:Abu 'Imran al-Fasi
868:
715:, and theological
678:school of theology
494:Neo-traditionalism
107:interlanguage link
11296:
11295:
11292:
11291:
11288:
11287:
11244:
11243:
11053:Muhammad Jaunpuri
10980:
10979:
10906:Sumāma ibn Ashras
10737:
10736:
10588:Dāwūd al-Jawāribî
10563:
10562:
10433:Gaylān ibn Marwān
10330:
10329:
10182:
10181:
9845:Abdallah al-Aftah
9661:
9660:
9574:
9573:
9558:Necmettin Erbakan
9400:Siddiq Hasan Khan
9364:Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la
9298:
9297:
9294:
9293:
9272:
9271:
9212:Tajrid al-I'tiqad
9206:Tashih al-I'tiqad
9117:Al-Sawad al-A'zam
9053:
9052:
9035:Al-Qasim al-Rassi
9002:Idris Imad al-Din
8955:Al-Qadi al-Nu'man
8930:Ruhollah Khomeini
8910:Zurarah ibn A'yan
8885:Sharif al-Murtaza
8873:Muhammad al-Mahdi
8858:Muhammad al-Jawad
8838:Muhammad al-Baqir
8739:Siddiq Hasan Khan
8715:Rabee al-Madkhali
8364:Murtada al-Zabidi
8139:Ibrahim al-Bajuri
7905:
7904:
7712:
7711:
7678:
7677:
7674:
7673:
7646:Domestic violence
7636:Islamic terrorism
7631:Islamic extremism
7452:
7451:
7448:
7447:
7220:
7219:
7216:
7215:
7006:Marriage contract
6836:
6835:
6796:Political aspects
6525:Story of Prophets
6294:Prophets of Islam
6197:
6196:
6184:Lubab al-Muhassal
6042:
6041:
5995:
5994:
5941:
5940:
5882:
5881:
5792:Yusuf ibn Tashfin
5761:
5760:
5268:M'Hamed al-Azhari
5232:Ibrahim al-Laqani
5064:Abu Imran al-Fasi
4890:978-0-231-53192-4
4853:978-0-230-10658-1
4803:978-0-86078-979-6
4629:Science and Islam
4604:978-1-78074-420-9
4559:978-1-78074-420-9
4354:978-1-135-17960-1
4333:978-1-847-06478-3
4312:978-1-317-27339-4
4291:978-0-759-10190-6
4238:978-1-78074-420-9
4202:978-0-199-88041-6
4192:John L. Esposito
3791:978-1-438-12696-8
3770:978-1-134-22564-4
3730:978-0-7914-3760-5
3646:, pp. 14–15.
3599:978-90-04-42661-0
3527:978-0-86078-978-9
3457:978-0-7591-0190-6
3351:978-0-19-969670-3
3326:Schmidtke, Sabine
3239:978-0-7914-6800-5
3100:scientific method
3084:Muslim scientists
3039:
3038:
2666:is all-powerful (
2610:
2609:
2602:
2429:rational thinking
2413:Istihsan al‑Khaud
2313:
2312:
2138:Al-Zaytuna Mosque
2093:Lubab al-Muhassal
1969:Theological works
1958:
1957:
1949:
1940:
1936:Wahbah al-Zuhayli
1931:
1922:
1913:
1903:
1894:
1870:
1861:
1852:
1843:
1834:
1810:
1801:
1800:(d. 1276/1859-60)
1797:Ibrahim al-Bajuri
1792:
1783:
1774:
1765:
1741:
1732:
1716:
1692:
1683:
1674:
1665:
1641:
1632:
1623:
1614:
1605:
1596:
1580:
1556:
1547:
1537:
1528:
1519:
1510:
1501:
1492:
1483:
1474:
1465:
1441:
1432:
1423:
1414:
1405:
1396:
1387:
1378:
1369:
1360:
1336:
1327:
1318:
1309:
1300:
1291:
1281:
1272:
1263:
1254:
1230:
1221:
1212:
1203:
1194:
1185:
1176:
1172:Ibn Rushd al-Jadd
1167:
1158:
1149:
1140:
1116:
1107:
1098:
1089:
1080:
1071:
1062:
1053:
1044:
1035:
1026:
1017:
1008:
984:
975:
900:Rock carved with
853:Al-Zaytuna Mosque
748:attributes of God
670:
622:
621:
467:Deobandi movement
139:
138:
68:
64:
16:(Redirected from
11341:
11329:Islamic theology
10995:
10994:
10756:
10755:
10574:
10573:
10550:Nusayr ibn Yahyā
10532:Awn ibn Abdullāh
10519:Sa'id ibn Jubayr
10489:Ubayd al-Mūktaib
10355:
10354:
10199:
10198:
10168:ʿAjlan ibn Nawus
10137:Maḥmūd Pasīkhānī
10106:Khashabiyya Shia
10042:Bayān ibn Sam‘ān
10000:Abū ʿAmra Kaysān
9783:Imadaddin Nasimi
9688:
9687:
9585:
9584:
9456:Salafi Modernism
9359:Ahmad ibn Hanbal
9326:
9325:
9317:
9316:
9304:
9303:
9200:Awail Al Maqalat
9082:Al-Baz al-Ashhab
9062:
9061:
8992:Dhu'ayb ibn Musa
8947:Isma'ili Shi'ism
8935:Wilayat al-faqih
8915:Hisham ibn Hakam
8900:Allamah Al-Hilli
8124:Muhammad Mayyara
7916:
7915:
7786:
7785:
7779:
7778:
7754:
7753:
7746:Islamic theology
7739:
7732:
7725:
7716:
7715:
7702:
7701:
7694:Islam portal
7692:
7691:
7690:
7472:
7471:
7464:
7458:
7457:
7299:Medieval science
7242:
7241:
7232:
7226:
7225:
6883:Economic history
6866:
6865:
6842:
6841:
6828:Islam by country
6613:Bektashi Alevism
6251:
6250:
6242:Outline of Islam
6224:
6217:
6210:
6201:
6200:
6069:
6062:
6055:
6046:
6045:
6034:
6033:Islamic theology
6027:
6020:
6013:
6007:
5950:
5949:
5908:Al-Baz al-Ashhab
5891:
5890:
5779:
5778:
5769:
5507:Ibn Daqiq al-'Id
5304:Ahmad al-Ghumari
5274:Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba
5250:Al-Hasan al-Yusi
5238:Muhammad Mayyara
5136:Ibn Daqiq al-'Id
5040:
5039:
5035:
5027:
5026:Ash'ari scholars
5015:
5011:
5010:
5003:Islam portal
5001:
5000:
4999:
4985:
4976:
4969:
4962:
4953:
4952:
4909:
4907:
4905:
4869:Hughes, Aaron W.
4864:
4862:
4860:
4822:
4820:
4818:
4778:
4745:
4744:
4713:
4707:
4706:
4705:
4704:
4682:
4676:
4675:
4674:
4673:
4657:Sardar, Ziauddin
4653:
4647:
4622:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4611:
4577:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4566:
4532:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4521:
4516:. pp. 10–11
4511:
4502:
4493:
4486:
4480:
4473:
4467:
4464:
4458:
4455:
4449:
4446:
4440:
4437:
4431:
4428:
4422:
4419:
4413:
4410:
4404:
4397:
4386:
4379:
4373:
4366:
4357:
4342:
4336:
4321:
4315:
4302:Alexander Knysh
4300:
4294:
4279:
4270:
4269:
4261:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4245:
4211:
4205:
4190:
4181:
4180:
4172:
4166:
4165:1953 Appendix IV
4159:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4135:
4129:
4123:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4104:. Archived from
4098:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4079:. Archived from
4073:
4067:
4064:
4058:
4057:
4045:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4023:. Archived from
4015:Allard, Michel.
4012:
4006:
3996:
3990:
3980:
3974:
3964:
3958:
3957:
3938:Brill Publishers
3929:
3923:
3912:Sardar, Ziauddin
3909:
3903:
3902:
3888:
3882:
3875:
3869:
3863:
3852:
3846:
3840:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3806:
3800:
3794:
3779:
3773:
3758:
3747:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3708:
3695:
3689:
3686:
3680:
3677:
3671:
3668:
3662:
3656:
3653:
3647:
3641:
3628:
3627:
3582:Brill Publishers
3565:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3493:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3376:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3317:
3296:
3295:
3276:Brill Publishers
3267:
3252:
3251:
3212:
3189:
3177:
3034:
3031:
3025:
2999:
2998:
2991:
2848:Munkar and Nakir
2694:
2605:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2585:
2561:
2560:
2553:
2506:(d. AH 406) and
2397:("literalist"),
2305:
2298:
2291:
2275:
2274:
2267:Islam portal
2265:
2264:
2263:
1947:
1938:
1929:
1920:
1911:
1901:
1892:
1868:
1859:
1850:
1841:
1839:Yusuf al-Nabhani
1832:
1808:
1799:
1790:
1781:
1772:
1770:Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba
1763:
1739:
1730:
1714:
1712:Al-Hasan al-Yusi
1690:
1688:Muhammad Mayyara
1681:
1672:
1670:Ahmad al-Maqqari
1663:
1639:
1630:
1621:
1612:
1603:
1594:
1578:
1554:
1545:
1535:
1526:
1517:
1508:
1499:
1490:
1481:
1472:
1463:
1439:
1430:
1421:
1412:
1403:
1394:
1385:
1376:
1367:
1358:
1356:Ibn Daqiq al-'Id
1334:
1326:(d. c. 685/1286)
1325:
1316:
1307:
1298:
1289:
1279:
1270:
1261:
1252:
1228:
1219:
1210:
1201:
1192:
1183:
1174:
1165:
1156:
1147:
1138:
1114:
1105:
1096:
1087:
1078:
1069:
1060:
1051:
1042:
1033:
1024:
1015:
1006:
982:
973:
958:
957:
952:Eminent scholars
898:
875:
874:
861:Islamic learning
763:Ashʿarite school
752:history of Islam
675:
665:
663:
655:
654:
651:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
614:
607:
600:
588:Islam portal
586:
585:
584:
462:Barelvi movement
428:
427:
341:
340:
167:
158:
152:
151:
141:
140:
118:
112:
85:Google Translate
66:
62:
45:
44:
37:
21:
11349:
11348:
11344:
11343:
11342:
11340:
11339:
11338:
11299:
11298:
11297:
11284:
11240:
11197:
11168:Ahmed Raza Khan
11149:
11103:
11093:Fethullah Gülen
11068:Nation of Islam
10989:
10986:
10976:
10919:
10896:Ahmad ibn Hābīt
10824:
10816:
10749:
10745:
10733:
10654:Bāzīgh ibn Mūsā
10624:
10559:
10544:Hālaf ibn Ayyūb
10502:
10419:
10348:
10345:
10342:
10338:
10326:
10277:
10190:
10178:
10112:
9986:
9979:
9947:Hassan-i Sabbah
9830:
9822:
9694:
9681:
9677:
9673:
9669:
9657:
9622:Hasan al-Utrush
9570:
9536:Ahmed Raza Khan
9482:
9474:
9381:Dawud al-Zahiri
9332:
9311:
9290:
9268:
9217:
9164:
9124:Kitab al-Tawhid
9049:
9011:
8941:
8868:Hasan al-Askari
8843:Ja'far al-Sadiq
8805:Twelver Shi'ism
8799:
8771:Salafi Jihadism
8766:Osama bin Laden
8749:Safar Al-Hawali
8710:Saleh Al-Fawzan
8644:
8614:
8607:Sahib ibn Abbad
8602:Ibn Abi'l-Hadid
8567:Ja'far ibn Harb
8532:Wasil ibn 'Ata'
8529:
8521:
8489:
8450:ī (Muqātilīyya)
8430:
8388:
8344:Shah Abdul Aziz
8217:
8209:
8163:
8149:Ahmad al-Dardir
8034:Ahmad al-Rifa'i
7922:
7901:
7873:
7845:
7812:
7773:
7772:
7748:
7743:
7713:
7708:
7688:
7686:
7670:
7592:Cultural Muslim
7563:
7530:
7476:Other religions
7466:
7462:
7444:
7379:
7346:
7293:
7236:
7234:Islamic studies
7230:
7212:
7046:
6991:
6968:
6915:
6860:
6859:
6832:
6781:Moral teachings
6724:
6706:
6680:Nation of Islam
6593:Twelver Shi'ism
6530:
6496:Religious texts
6490:
6408:Early conquests
6391:
6373:
6325:
6245:
6234:
6228:
6198:
6193:
6095:
6078:
6073:
6043:
6038:
6032:
6025:
6018:
6011:
6005:
5991:
5937:
5878:
5869:Ayyubid dynasty
5846:Omar al-Mukhtar
5775:Ash'ari leaders
5770:
5757:
5726:
5701:
5471:Ahmad al-Rifa'i
5343:
5298:Muhammad 'Ilish
5280:Ahmad al-Tijani
5262:Ahmad al-Dardir
5031:
5029:
5025:
5019:
5013:
4997:
4995:
4987:
4983:
4980:
4940:Wayback Machine
4927:Wayback Machine
4916:
4903:
4901:
4891:
4858:
4856:
4854:
4816:
4814:
4804:
4775:
4754:
4749:
4748:
4714:
4710:
4702:
4700:
4683:
4679:
4671:
4669:
4654:
4650:
4623:
4619:
4609:
4607:
4605:
4578:
4574:
4564:
4562:
4560:
4533:
4529:
4519:
4517:
4509:
4503:
4496:
4487:
4483:
4474:
4470:
4465:
4461:
4456:
4452:
4447:
4443:
4438:
4434:
4429:
4425:
4420:
4416:
4411:
4407:
4398:
4389:
4380:
4376:
4367:
4360:
4348:Routledge 2013
4343:
4339:
4322:
4318:
4301:
4297:
4280:
4273:
4262:
4253:
4243:
4241:
4239:
4212:
4208:
4191:
4184:
4173:
4169:
4160:
4156:
4147:
4145:
4137:
4136:
4132:
4124:
4120:
4111:
4109:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4086:
4084:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4065:
4061:
4046:
4039:
4030:
4028:
4013:
4009:
3997:
3993:
3981:
3977:
3965:
3961:
3930:
3926:
3910:
3906:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3876:
3872:
3864:
3855:
3847:
3843:
3837:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3807:
3803:
3797:
3780:
3776:
3764:Routledge 2006
3760:Abdullah Saeed
3759:
3750:
3744:
3738:
3731:
3709:
3698:
3692:
3687:
3683:
3678:
3674:
3669:
3665:
3659:
3654:
3650:
3642:
3631:
3600:
3566:
3557:
3551:
3528:
3494:
3479:
3473:
3458:
3434:
3430:
3377:
3373:
3367:
3352:
3318:
3299:
3268:
3255:
3240:
3213:
3192:
3178:
3174:
3169:
3142:
3080:Ziauddin Sardar
3035:
3029:
3026:
3015:
3004:This article's
3000:
2996:
2989:
2932:
2930:Later Ashʿarism
2902:
2812:
2764:Islamic prophet
2692:
2657:
2626:
2606:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2575:
2562:
2558:
2551:
2488:
2309:
2261:
2259:
2252:
2251:
2205:
2204:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2182:
2181:
2172:
2171:
2163:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2134:
2123:
2116:
2115:
2106:
2105:
2088:
2073:
2058:
2050:
2035:
2013:
2005:
1997:
1989:
1981:
1972:
1971:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1941:
1932:
1923:
1914:
1904:
1895:
1885:
1884:
1883:14th AH/20th AD
1875:
1874:
1871:
1862:
1853:
1844:
1835:
1825:
1824:
1823:13th AH/19th AD
1815:
1814:
1811:
1806:Muhammad 'Ilish
1802:
1793:
1788:Ahmad al-Tijani
1784:
1775:
1766:
1761:Ahmad al-Dardir
1756:
1755:
1754:12th AH/18th AD
1746:
1745:
1742:
1733:
1724:
1717:
1707:
1706:
1705:11th AH/17th AD
1697:
1696:
1693:
1684:
1675:
1666:
1656:
1655:
1654:10th AH/16th AD
1646:
1645:
1642:
1633:
1624:
1615:
1606:
1597:
1588:
1581:
1571:
1570:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1548:
1538:
1529:
1520:
1511:
1502:
1493:
1491:(d. 807/1404-5)
1484:
1475:
1466:
1456:
1455:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1433:
1424:
1415:
1406:
1397:
1388:
1379:
1370:
1365:Ibn 'Ata' Allah
1361:
1351:
1350:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1328:
1319:
1310:
1301:
1292:
1282:
1273:
1264:
1255:
1245:
1244:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1226:Ahmad al-Rifa'i
1222:
1213:
1204:
1195:
1186:
1177:
1168:
1159:
1150:
1141:
1131:
1130:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1108:
1099:
1090:
1081:
1072:
1063:
1054:
1045:
1043:(d. 430/1038-9)
1036:
1027:
1018:
1009:
999:
998:
989:
988:
985:
976:
966:
965:
955:
954:
943:
910:
873:
846:
632:
628:
618:
582:
580:
575:
574:
553:Kutub al-Sittah
542:
534:
533:
514:
504:
503:
457:
447:
446:
421:
420:
391:
381:
380:
338:
337:
312:
297:
296:
272:
262:
261:
232:
222:
221:
177:
154:
153:
145:
144:
135:
134:
133:
116:
110:
69:
63:(November 2020)
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
11347:
11337:
11336:
11331:
11326:
11321:
11316:
11311:
11294:
11293:
11290:
11289:
11286:
11285:
11283:
11282:
11277:
11272:
11267:
11262:
11257:
11249:
11246:
11245:
11242:
11241:
11239:
11238:
11233:
11228:
11223:
11218:
11213:
11207:
11205:
11199:
11198:
11196:
11195:
11190:
11189:
11188:
11183:
11174:
11159:
11157:
11151:
11150:
11148:
11147:
11146:
11145:
11139:
11134:
11129:
11124:
11122:Muhammad Abduh
11113:
11111:
11105:
11104:
11102:
11101:
11100:
11099:
11081:
11080:
11079:
11065:
11064:
11063:
11045:
11044:
11043:
11026:
11025:
11024:
11019:
11014:
11003:
11001:
10992:
10982:
10981:
10978:
10977:
10975:
10974:
10973:
10972:
10967:
10965:Rashad Khalifa
10957:
10956:
10955:
10950:
10948:Muhammad Iqbal
10940:
10935:
10929:
10927:
10921:
10920:
10918:
10917:
10916:
10915:
10909:
10908:
10907:
10901:
10900:
10899:
10898:
10897:
10891:
10888:
10882:
10879:
10878:
10877:
10876:
10875:
10866:
10865:
10864:
10856:
10855:
10854:
10853:
10852:
10847:
10839:
10832:
10830:
10818:
10817:
10815:
10814:
10801:
10794:Bektashi Order
10787:
10778:
10764:
10762:
10753:
10739:
10738:
10735:
10734:
10732:
10731:
10730:
10729:
10721:
10716:
10711:
10708:
10707:
10706:
10698:
10697:
10696:
10690:
10685:
10684:
10683:
10673:
10672:
10671:
10665:
10664:
10663:
10657:
10656:
10655:
10647:
10646:
10645:
10643:Abu al-Khattab
10634:
10632:
10626:
10625:
10623:
10622:
10621:
10620:
10615:
10610:
10601:Abū Hulmān al-
10594:
10591:
10590:
10589:
10582:
10580:
10571:
10565:
10564:
10561:
10560:
10558:
10557:
10556:Amr ibn Murrah
10554:
10553:Ahmad ibn Hārb
10551:
10548:
10545:
10542:
10541:Salm ibn Sālem
10539:
10536:
10533:
10530:
10527:
10524:
10521:
10516:
10510:
10508:
10504:
10503:
10501:
10500:
10499:
10498:
10492:
10491:
10490:
10484:
10483:
10482:
10476:
10475:
10474:
10473:Sāleh ibn Umar
10468:
10467:
10466:
10460:
10459:
10458:
10452:
10451:
10450:
10449:Gassān al-Kūfī
10444:
10443:
10442:
10436:
10435:
10434:
10427:
10425:
10421:
10420:
10418:
10417:
10416:
10415:
10412:
10409:
10406:
10403:
10400:
10397:
10394:
10391:
10388:
10385:
10382:
10379:
10376:
10373:
10370:
10363:
10361:
10352:
10332:
10331:
10328:
10327:
10325:
10324:
10319:
10318:
10317:
10307:
10298:
10296:Jābir ibn Zayd
10293:
10287:
10285:
10279:
10278:
10276:
10275:
10274:
10273:
10264:
10254:
10253:
10252:
10242:
10241:
10240:
10234:
10233:
10232:
10222:
10221:
10220:
10217:
10214:
10207:
10205:
10196:
10184:
10183:
10180:
10179:
10177:
10176:
10171:
10170:
10169:
10164:Tawussite Shia
10161:
10160:
10159:
10145:
10144:
10143:
10129:
10123:
10121:
10114:
10113:
10111:
10110:
10109:
10108:
10103:
10102:
10101:
10096:
10095:
10094:
10089:
10088:
10087:
10082:
10067:
10066:
10065:
10047:
10046:
10045:
10044:
10043:
10037:
10036:
10035:
10032:
10031:
10030:
10027:
10019:
10004:
10003:
10002:
9991:
9989:
9981:
9980:
9978:
9977:
9976:
9975:
9966:
9953:
9939:
9938:
9937:
9925:
9924:
9923:
9918:
9917:
9916:
9911:
9906:
9886:
9885:
9884:
9867:
9849:
9848:
9847:
9836:
9834:
9824:
9823:
9821:
9820:
9819:
9818:
9809:
9795:
9794:
9793:
9776:
9758:
9757:
9756:
9730:
9729:
9728:
9723:
9722:
9721:
9716:
9700:
9698:
9685:
9663:
9662:
9659:
9658:
9656:
9655:
9654:
9653:
9648:
9638:
9637:
9636:
9634:Imams of Yemen
9631:
9629:Yahya ibn Umar
9626:
9625:
9624:
9614:
9609:
9604:
9593:
9591:
9582:
9576:
9575:
9572:
9571:
9569:
9568:
9567:
9566:
9565:
9564:
9555:
9542:
9519:
9518:
9517:
9516:
9515:
9501:
9490:
9488:
9476:
9475:
9473:
9472:
9471:
9470:
9465:
9460:
9459:
9458:
9453:
9452:
9451:
9446:
9441:
9431:
9430:
9429:
9424:
9419:
9414:
9404:
9403:
9402:
9383:
9373:
9372:
9371:
9366:
9361:
9351:
9350:
9349:
9340:
9338:
9323:
9313:
9312:
9300:
9299:
9296:
9295:
9292:
9291:
9289:
9288:
9283:
9277:
9274:
9273:
9270:
9269:
9267:
9266:
9255:
9244:
9237:Kitab al-Majmu
9233:
9225:
9223:
9219:
9218:
9216:
9215:
9208:
9203:
9196:
9189:
9182:
9174:
9172:
9166:
9165:
9163:
9162:
9155:
9148:
9141:
9134:
9127:
9120:
9113:
9106:
9099:
9092:
9085:
9078:
9075:Asas al-Taqdis
9070:
9068:
9059:
9055:
9054:
9051:
9050:
9048:
9047:
9042:
9037:
9032:
9027:
9021:
9019:
9013:
9012:
9010:
9009:
9004:
8999:
8994:
8989:
8988:
8987:
8977:
8972:
8967:
8962:
8957:
8951:
8949:
8943:
8942:
8940:
8939:
8938:
8937:
8927:
8925:Ja'far Sobhani
8922:
8917:
8912:
8907:
8902:
8897:
8892:
8887:
8882:
8877:
8876:
8875:
8870:
8865:
8860:
8855:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8828:Husayn ibn Ali
8825:
8820:
8809:
8807:
8801:
8800:
8798:
8797:
8796:
8795:
8787:
8786:
8785:
8775:
8774:
8773:
8763:
8761:Salman al-Ouda
8758:
8757:
8756:
8754:Sahwa movement
8746:
8744:Zubair Ali Zai
8741:
8736:
8735:
8734:
8724:
8723:
8722:
8712:
8707:
8702:
8697:
8692:
8687:
8682:
8677:
8676:
8675:
8665:
8660:
8654:
8652:
8646:
8645:
8643:
8642:
8641:
8640:
8637:
8634:
8631:
8624:
8622:
8616:
8615:
8613:
8612:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8594:
8592:Al-Zamakhshari
8589:
8588:
8587:
8577:
8571:
8568:
8565:
8562:
8556:
8553:
8550:
8547:
8544:
8537:
8535:
8523:
8522:
8520:
8519:
8499:
8497:
8491:
8490:
8488:
8487:
8477:
8476:
8475:
8467:
8451:
8440:
8438:
8432:
8431:
8429:
8428:
8427:
8426:
8425:
8424:
8411:
8410:
8409:
8398:
8396:
8390:
8389:
8387:
8386:
8381:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8351:
8346:
8341:
8336:
8331:
8329:Ahmad Sirhindi
8326:
8321:
8316:
8311:
8306:
8301:
8296:
8291:
8286:
8281:
8276:
8271:
8266:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8241:
8236:
8231:
8225:
8223:
8211:
8210:
8208:
8207:
8197:
8190:Malik ibn Anas
8187:
8176:
8174:
8165:
8164:
8162:
8161:
8156:
8151:
8146:
8141:
8136:
8131:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8111:
8106:
8101:
8096:
8091:
8086:
8081:
8076:
8071:
8066:
8061:
8056:
8051:
8046:
8041:
8036:
8031:
8026:
8021:
8016:
8011:
8006:
8001:
7996:
7991:
7986:
7981:
7976:
7971:
7966:
7961:
7956:
7954:Al-Shahrastani
7951:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7930:
7928:
7913:
7907:
7906:
7903:
7902:
7900:
7899:
7894:
7889:
7883:
7881:
7875:
7874:
7872:
7871:
7866:
7861:
7855:
7853:
7847:
7846:
7844:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7822:
7820:
7814:
7813:
7811:
7810:
7805:
7800:
7794:
7792:
7783:
7775:
7774:
7771:
7770:
7767:
7762:
7758:
7750:
7749:
7742:
7741:
7734:
7727:
7719:
7710:
7709:
7707:
7706:
7696:
7683:
7680:
7679:
7676:
7675:
7672:
7671:
7669:
7668:
7663:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7643:
7638:
7633:
7628:
7627:
7626:
7616:
7615:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7594:
7589:
7588:
7587:
7582:
7571:
7569:
7568:Related topics
7565:
7564:
7562:
7561:
7556:
7551:
7546:
7540:
7538:
7532:
7531:
7529:
7528:
7523:
7518:
7513:
7508:
7503:
7502:
7501:
7496:
7491:
7480:
7478:
7468:
7467:
7454:
7453:
7450:
7449:
7446:
7445:
7443:
7442:
7437:
7430:
7425:
7424:
7423:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7387:
7385:
7381:
7380:
7378:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7356:
7354:
7348:
7347:
7345:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7314:
7309:
7303:
7301:
7295:
7294:
7292:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7250:
7248:
7238:
7237:
7222:
7221:
7218:
7217:
7214:
7213:
7211:
7210:
7205:
7204:
7203:
7191:
7189:Sources of law
7186:
7181:
7180:
7179:
7169:
7162:
7157:
7150:
7145:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7096:
7089:
7088:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7067:
7062:
7054:
7052:
7048:
7047:
7045:
7044:
7037:
7030:
7023:
7016:
7009:
7002:
6994:
6992:
6990:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6973:
6970:
6969:
6967:
6966:
6959:
6954:
6947:
6940:
6933:
6925:
6923:
6917:
6916:
6914:
6913:
6906:
6899:
6892:
6885:
6880:
6874:
6872:
6862:
6861:
6858:
6857:
6852:
6846:
6838:
6837:
6834:
6833:
6831:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6813:Social welfare
6810:
6805:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6727:
6725:
6723:
6722:
6717:
6711:
6708:
6707:
6705:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6693:
6692:
6682:
6677:
6676:
6675:
6670:
6669:
6668:
6663:
6662:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6638:
6624:
6623:
6622:
6617:
6616:
6615:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6585:
6580:
6579:
6578:
6577:
6576:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6540:
6538:
6532:
6531:
6529:
6528:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6500:
6498:
6492:
6491:
6489:
6488:
6487:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6439:
6434:
6427:
6420:
6418:Historiography
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6394:
6392:
6390:
6389:
6384:
6378:
6375:
6374:
6372:
6371:
6364:
6357:
6350:
6343:
6335:
6333:
6327:
6326:
6324:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6290:
6289:
6279:
6272:
6271:
6270:
6259:
6257:
6247:
6246:
6239:
6236:
6235:
6227:
6226:
6219:
6212:
6204:
6195:
6194:
6192:
6191:
6189:Matn Ibn Ashir
6186:
6181:
6176:
6174:Asas al-Taqdis
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6105:
6103:
6097:
6096:
6083:
6080:
6079:
6072:
6071:
6064:
6057:
6049:
6040:
6039:
6037:
6036:
6029:
6022:
6015:
6000:
5997:
5996:
5993:
5992:
5990:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5953:
5947:
5943:
5942:
5939:
5938:
5936:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5903:Asas al-Taqdis
5900:
5894:
5888:
5887:Theology books
5884:
5883:
5880:
5879:
5877:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5855:
5849:
5843:
5837:
5831:
5825:
5822:Al-Ashraf Musa
5819:
5813:
5807:
5801:
5795:
5789:
5782:
5776:
5772:
5771:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5758:
5756:
5755:
5749:
5743:
5736:
5734:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5724:
5718:
5711:
5709:
5703:
5702:
5700:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5678:
5672:
5666:
5660:
5654:
5651:Hasan al-Attar
5648:
5642:
5636:
5630:
5624:
5618:
5612:
5606:
5600:
5594:
5588:
5582:
5576:
5570:
5564:
5558:
5552:
5546:
5540:
5534:
5528:
5522:
5516:
5510:
5504:
5498:
5492:
5486:
5480:
5474:
5468:
5462:
5459:Al-Shahrastani
5456:
5450:
5444:
5438:
5432:
5426:
5420:
5414:
5408:
5402:
5396:
5390:
5384:
5378:
5372:
5366:
5360:
5353:
5351:
5345:
5344:
5342:
5341:
5336:
5334:Ahmed el-Tayeb
5331:
5325:
5319:
5313:
5307:
5301:
5295:
5289:
5283:
5277:
5271:
5265:
5259:
5253:
5247:
5241:
5235:
5229:
5223:
5217:
5211:
5205:
5199:
5193:
5187:
5181:
5175:
5169:
5163:
5157:
5151:
5145:
5139:
5133:
5127:
5121:
5115:
5109:
5106:Al-Qadi 'Ayyad
5103:
5097:
5091:
5085:
5079:
5073:
5067:
5061:
5055:
5048:
5046:
5037:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5005:
4992:
4989:
4988:
4979:
4978:
4971:
4964:
4956:
4950:
4949:
4943:
4930:
4915:
4914:External links
4912:
4911:
4910:
4889:
4865:
4852:
4823:
4802:
4784:Gutas, Dimitri
4779:
4773:
4753:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4708:
4677:
4648:
4625:Muzaffar Iqbal
4617:
4603:
4572:
4558:
4527:
4494:
4481:
4468:
4459:
4450:
4441:
4432:
4423:
4414:
4405:
4387:
4374:
4358:
4337:
4316:
4295:
4271:
4251:
4237:
4206:
4182:
4167:
4154:
4130:
4118:
4093:
4077:"Imam Bayhaqi"
4068:
4059:
4048:M. Abdul Hye.
4037:
4007:
3991:
3975:
3959:
3924:
3904:
3883:
3870:
3853:
3849:Halverson 2010
3841:
3835:
3821:
3801:
3795:
3774:
3748:
3742:
3736:
3729:
3696:
3690:
3681:
3672:
3663:
3657:
3648:
3644:Halverson 2010
3629:
3598:
3555:
3549:
3526:
3502:Gutas, Dimitri
3477:
3471:
3456:
3448:AltaMira Press
3428:
3399:10.2307/604336
3371:
3365:
3350:
3297:
3253:
3238:
3190:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3141:
3138:
3133:Book of Optics
3092:Ibn al-Haytham
3037:
3036:
3003:
3001:
2994:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2931:
2928:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2885:
2882:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2851:
2844:
2839:Belief in the
2837:
2827:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2794:
2787:
2780:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2739:
2696:
2688:
2671:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2625:
2622:
2608:
2607:
2565:
2563:
2556:
2550:
2547:
2510:(d. AH 384)).
2487:
2484:
2403:anthropotheist
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2269:
2254:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2202:Related groups
2200:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2158:
2152:
2146:
2143:Umayyad Mosque
2140:
2135:
2129:
2124:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2081:
2078:Asas al-Taqdis
2074:
2066:
2059:
2051:
2043:
2036:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2006:
1998:
1990:
1982:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1948:(d. 1442/2021)
1942:
1939:(d. 1436/2015)
1933:
1930:(d. 1434/2013)
1924:
1921:(d. 1432/2010)
1915:
1912:(d. 1429/2008)
1905:
1902:(d. 1425/2004)
1896:
1893:(d. 1419/1998)
1886:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1869:(d. 1393/1973)
1863:
1860:(d. 1390/1970)
1854:
1851:(d. 1379/1960)
1845:
1842:(d. 1350/1931)
1836:
1833:(d. 1304/1886)
1826:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1809:(d. 1299/1882)
1803:
1794:
1791:(d. 1230/1815)
1785:
1782:(d. 1227/1812)
1776:
1773:(d. 1224/1809)
1767:
1764:(d. 1204/1786)
1757:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1740:(d. 1176/1762)
1734:
1731:(d. 1132/1720)
1725:
1723:(d. 1122/1710)
1718:
1715:(d. 1102/1691)
1708:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1691:(d. 1072/1662)
1685:
1682:(d. 1041/1631)
1676:
1673:(d. 1041/1632)
1667:
1664:(d. 1040/1631)
1657:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1634:
1625:
1616:
1607:
1598:
1589:
1582:
1572:
1569:9th AH/15th AD
1568:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1549:
1539:
1530:
1521:
1512:
1503:
1494:
1485:
1476:
1467:
1457:
1454:8th AH/14th AD
1453:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1434:
1425:
1416:
1407:
1398:
1389:
1380:
1371:
1362:
1352:
1349:7th AH/13th AD
1348:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1329:
1320:
1311:
1302:
1293:
1283:
1274:
1265:
1262:(d. 630/ 1233)
1256:
1246:
1243:6th AH/12th AD
1242:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1223:
1214:
1208:Al-Shahrastani
1205:
1196:
1187:
1178:
1169:
1160:
1151:
1142:
1132:
1129:5th AH/11th AD
1128:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1109:
1100:
1091:
1082:
1073:
1064:
1055:
1046:
1037:
1028:
1019:
1010:
1000:
997:4th AH/10th AD
996:
995:
994:
991:
990:
987:
986:
977:
967:
963:
962:
961:
956:
950:
949:
948:
945:
944:
942:
941:
936:
931:
926:
920:
917:
916:
912:
911:
899:
891:
890:
884:
883:
872:
869:
845:
842:
826:Ibn al-Haytham
620:
619:
617:
616:
609:
602:
594:
591:
590:
577:
576:
573:
572:
571:
570:
559:
558:
557:
556:
543:
540:
539:
536:
535:
532:
531:
526:
521:
515:
510:
509:
506:
505:
502:
501:
496:
491:
486:
485:
484:
479:
469:
464:
458:
453:
452:
449:
448:
445:
444:
418:
417:
407:
392:
387:
386:
383:
382:
379:
378:
371:
364:
357:
350:
335:
334:
329:
324:
319:
313:
303:
302:
299:
298:
295:
294:
289:
284:
279:
273:
268:
267:
264:
263:
260:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
233:
228:
227:
224:
223:
220:
219:
214:
212:Predestination
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
178:
173:
172:
169:
168:
160:
159:
137:
136:
132:
131:
124:
113:
91:
88:
77:
70:
51:
50:
49:
47:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11346:
11335:
11332:
11330:
11327:
11325:
11322:
11320:
11317:
11315:
11312:
11310:
11307:
11306:
11304:
11281:
11278:
11276:
11273:
11271:
11268:
11266:
11263:
11261:
11258:
11255:
11251:
11250:
11247:
11237:
11234:
11232:
11229:
11227:
11224:
11222:
11219:
11217:
11214:
11212:
11209:
11208:
11206:
11204:
11203:Other beliefs
11200:
11194:
11191:
11187:
11184:
11182:
11178:
11177:Hilmi Tunahan
11175:
11173:
11169:
11166:
11165:
11164:
11161:
11160:
11158:
11156:
11152:
11144:
11140:
11138:
11135:
11133:
11130:
11128:
11127:Muhammad Asad
11125:
11123:
11120:
11119:
11118:
11115:
11114:
11112:
11110:
11106:
11098:
11094:
11090:
11087:
11086:
11085:
11082:
11078:
11074:
11071:
11070:
11069:
11066:
11062:
11058:
11054:
11051:
11050:
11049:
11046:
11042:
11038:
11037:Sabbatai Zevi
11035:
11034:
11033:
11030:
11027:
11023:
11020:
11018:
11015:
11013:
11010:
11009:
11008:
11005:
11004:
11002:
11000:
10996:
10993:
10991:
10983:
10971:
10968:
10966:
10963:
10962:
10961:
10958:
10954:
10951:
10949:
10946:
10945:
10944:
10941:
10939:
10936:
10934:
10931:
10930:
10928:
10926:
10922:
10913:
10912:
10910:
10905:
10904:
10902:
10895:
10894:
10892:
10889:
10887:Ali al-Aswarī
10886:
10885:
10883:
10880:
10873:
10872:
10870:
10869:
10867:
10862:
10861:
10860:
10857:
10851:
10848:
10845:
10844:
10843:
10840:
10837:
10836:
10834:
10833:
10831:
10828:
10823:
10819:
10813:
10809:
10805:
10802:
10799:
10795:
10791:
10788:
10786:
10782:
10779:
10777:
10773:
10769:
10766:
10765:
10763:
10761:
10757:
10754:
10751:
10744:
10740:
10728:
10725:
10724:
10722:
10720:
10717:
10715:
10712:
10709:
10704:
10703:
10702:
10699:
10694:
10693:
10691:
10689:
10686:
10682:
10679:
10678:
10677:
10674:
10669:
10668:
10666:
10661:
10660:
10659:Muʿāmmarīyya
10658:
10653:
10652:
10651:
10648:
10644:
10641:
10640:
10639:
10636:
10635:
10633:
10631:
10627:
10619:
10616:
10614:
10611:
10608:
10604:
10600:
10599:
10598:
10595:
10592:
10587:
10586:
10584:
10583:
10581:
10579:
10575:
10572:
10570:
10566:
10555:
10552:
10549:
10546:
10543:
10540:
10537:
10534:
10531:
10528:
10525:
10522:
10520:
10517:
10515:
10512:
10511:
10509:
10505:
10496:
10495:
10493:
10488:
10487:
10485:
10480:
10479:
10477:
10472:
10471:
10469:
10464:
10463:
10461:
10456:
10455:
10453:
10448:
10447:
10445:
10440:
10439:
10437:
10432:
10431:
10429:
10428:
10426:
10422:
10413:
10410:
10407:
10404:
10401:
10398:
10395:
10392:
10389:
10386:
10383:
10380:
10377:
10374:
10371:
10368:
10367:
10365:
10364:
10362:
10360:
10356:
10353:
10350:
10344:
10337:
10333:
10323:
10320:
10316:
10313:
10312:
10311:
10308:
10306:
10302:
10299:
10297:
10294:
10292:
10289:
10288:
10286:
10284:
10280:
10272:
10268:
10265:
10263:
10260:
10259:
10258:
10255:
10251:
10248:
10247:
10246:
10243:
10238:
10237:
10235:
10231:
10228:
10227:
10226:
10223:
10218:
10215:
10212:
10211:
10209:
10208:
10206:
10204:
10200:
10197:
10194:
10189:
10185:
10175:
10174:Waqifite Shia
10172:
10167:
10166:
10165:
10162:
10158:
10154:
10151:
10150:
10149:
10146:
10142:
10138:
10135:
10134:
10133:
10130:
10128:
10125:
10124:
10122:
10120:
10115:
10107:
10104:
10100:
10099:Ishaq al-Turk
10097:
10093:
10090:
10086:
10083:
10081:
10078:
10077:
10076:
10073:
10072:
10071:
10068:
10064:
10061:
10060:
10059:
10056:
10055:
10053:
10052:
10051:
10048:
10041:
10040:
10038:
10033:
10028:
10026:
10023:
10022:
10020:
10017:
10016:
10014:
10013:
10012:
10008:
10005:
10001:
9998:
9997:
9996:
9993:
9992:
9990:
9988:
9982:
9974:
9970:
9967:
9965:
9961:
9957:
9954:
9952:
9948:
9945:
9944:
9943:
9940:
9936:
9933:
9929:
9926:
9922:
9919:
9915:
9912:
9910:
9907:
9905:
9902:
9901:
9900:
9897:
9896:
9895:
9892:
9891:
9890:
9887:
9883:
9879:
9875:
9871:
9868:
9866:
9862:
9858:
9857:Hamdan Qarmat
9855:
9854:
9853:
9850:
9846:
9843:
9842:
9841:
9838:
9837:
9835:
9833:
9829:
9825:
9817:
9813:
9810:
9808:
9804:
9801:
9800:
9799:
9796:
9792:
9788:
9784:
9780:
9777:
9775:
9771:
9767:
9764:
9763:
9762:
9759:
9755:
9754:Safavid Islam
9751:
9747:
9743:
9739:
9738:Sheikh Haydar
9736:
9735:
9734:
9731:
9727:
9724:
9720:
9717:
9715:
9712:
9711:
9710:
9707:
9706:
9705:
9702:
9701:
9699:
9697:
9693:
9689:
9686:
9684:
9680:
9676:
9672:
9668:
9664:
9652:
9649:
9647:
9644:
9643:
9642:
9639:
9635:
9632:
9630:
9627:
9623:
9620:
9619:
9618:
9615:
9613:
9610:
9608:
9605:
9603:
9600:
9599:
9598:
9595:
9594:
9592:
9590:
9586:
9583:
9581:
9577:
9563:
9559:
9556:
9554:
9550:
9546:
9543:
9541:
9537:
9533:
9530:
9529:
9528:
9525:
9524:
9523:
9520:
9514:
9510:
9507:
9506:
9505:
9502:
9500:
9497:
9496:
9495:
9492:
9491:
9489:
9486:
9481:
9477:
9469:
9466:
9464:
9461:
9457:
9454:
9450:
9447:
9445:
9442:
9440:
9437:
9436:
9435:
9432:
9428:
9425:
9423:
9420:
9418:
9415:
9413:
9410:
9409:
9408:
9405:
9401:
9397:
9394:
9393:
9392:
9389:
9388:
9387:
9384:
9382:
9379:
9378:
9377:
9374:
9370:
9367:
9365:
9362:
9360:
9357:
9356:
9355:
9352:
9348:
9345:
9344:
9342:
9341:
9339:
9336:
9331:
9330:Ahl al-Hadith
9327:
9324:
9322:
9318:
9314:
9310:
9305:
9301:
9287:
9284:
9282:
9279:
9278:
9275:
9265:
9264:
9260:
9256:
9254:
9253:
9249:
9245:
9243:
9242:
9238:
9234:
9232:
9231:
9227:
9226:
9224:
9220:
9214:
9213:
9209:
9207:
9204:
9202:
9201:
9197:
9195:
9194:
9190:
9188:
9187:
9183:
9181:
9180:
9176:
9175:
9173:
9171:
9167:
9161:
9160:
9156:
9154:
9153:
9149:
9147:
9146:
9142:
9140:
9139:
9135:
9133:
9132:
9128:
9126:
9125:
9121:
9119:
9118:
9114:
9112:
9111:
9107:
9105:
9104:
9100:
9098:
9097:
9093:
9091:
9090:
9086:
9084:
9083:
9079:
9077:
9076:
9072:
9071:
9069:
9067:
9063:
9060:
9056:
9046:
9043:
9041:
9038:
9036:
9033:
9031:
9028:
9026:
9023:
9022:
9020:
9018:
9017:Zaydi Shi'ism
9014:
9008:
9005:
9003:
9000:
8998:
8995:
8993:
8990:
8986:
8983:
8982:
8981:
8978:
8976:
8973:
8971:
8968:
8966:
8963:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8953:
8952:
8950:
8948:
8944:
8936:
8933:
8932:
8931:
8928:
8926:
8923:
8921:
8918:
8916:
8913:
8911:
8908:
8906:
8903:
8901:
8898:
8896:
8893:
8891:
8888:
8886:
8883:
8881:
8878:
8874:
8871:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8851:
8849:
8848:Musa al-Kazim
8846:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8833:Ali al-Sajjad
8831:
8829:
8826:
8824:
8823:Hasan ibn Ali
8821:
8819:
8816:
8815:
8814:
8811:
8810:
8808:
8806:
8802:
8794:Post-Salafism
8793:
8792:
8791:
8788:
8784:
8781:
8780:
8779:
8776:
8772:
8769:
8768:
8767:
8764:
8762:
8759:
8755:
8752:
8751:
8750:
8747:
8745:
8742:
8740:
8737:
8733:
8730:
8729:
8728:
8725:
8721:
8718:
8717:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8706:
8703:
8701:
8698:
8696:
8693:
8691:
8688:
8686:
8683:
8681:
8678:
8674:
8671:
8670:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8658:Ibn Taymiyyah
8656:
8655:
8653:
8651:
8647:
8639:Mustadrakīyya
8638:
8635:
8632:
8629:
8628:
8626:
8625:
8623:
8621:
8617:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8598:
8597:Amr ibn Ubayd
8595:
8593:
8590:
8586:
8583:
8582:
8581:
8578:
8575:
8572:
8569:
8566:
8563:
8560:
8557:
8554:
8551:
8548:
8545:
8542:
8539:
8538:
8536:
8533:
8528:
8524:
8517:
8513:
8509:
8505:
8501:
8500:
8498:
8496:
8492:
8485:
8481:
8478:
8474:
8471:
8468:
8466:
8463:
8462:
8460:
8456:
8452:
8449:
8445:
8442:
8441:
8439:
8437:
8433:
8422:
8421:
8420:
8417:
8416:
8415:
8412:
8408:
8405:
8404:
8403:
8400:
8399:
8397:
8395:
8391:
8385:
8382:
8380:
8377:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8352:
8350:
8347:
8345:
8342:
8340:
8337:
8335:
8332:
8330:
8327:
8325:
8322:
8320:
8317:
8315:
8312:
8310:
8307:
8305:
8302:
8300:
8297:
8295:
8292:
8290:
8287:
8285:
8282:
8280:
8277:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8240:
8237:
8235:
8232:
8230:
8227:
8226:
8224:
8221:
8216:
8212:
8205:
8201:
8198:
8195:
8191:
8188:
8185:
8181:
8178:
8177:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8166:
8160:
8157:
8155:
8152:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8140:
8137:
8135:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8095:
8092:
8090:
8087:
8085:
8082:
8080:
8077:
8075:
8072:
8070:
8067:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8050:
8047:
8045:
8042:
8040:
8037:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8017:
8015:
8012:
8010:
8007:
8005:
8002:
8000:
7997:
7995:
7992:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7977:
7975:
7972:
7970:
7967:
7965:
7962:
7960:
7957:
7955:
7952:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7931:
7929:
7926:
7921:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7908:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7890:
7888:
7885:
7884:
7882:
7880:
7876:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7856:
7854:
7852:
7848:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7823:
7821:
7819:
7815:
7809:
7806:
7804:
7801:
7799:
7796:
7795:
7793:
7791:
7787:
7784:
7780:
7776:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7760:
7759:
7755:
7751:
7747:
7740:
7735:
7733:
7728:
7726:
7721:
7720:
7717:
7705:
7697:
7695:
7685:
7684:
7681:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7625:
7622:
7621:
7620:
7617:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7607:Post-Islamism
7605:
7603:
7600:
7599:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7577:
7576:
7573:
7572:
7570:
7566:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7552:
7550:
7547:
7545:
7542:
7541:
7539:
7537:
7533:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7500:
7499:Protestantism
7497:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7486:
7485:
7482:
7481:
7479:
7477:
7473:
7469:
7459:
7455:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7435:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7422:
7419:
7418:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7388:
7386:
7382:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7357:
7355:
7353:
7349:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7337:Ophthalmology
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7304:
7302:
7300:
7296:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7251:
7249:
7247:
7243:
7239:
7235:
7227:
7223:
7209:
7206:
7202:
7201:
7197:
7196:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7178:
7175:
7174:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7167:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7155:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7143:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7101:
7097:
7095:
7094:
7090:
7086:
7085:Death penalty
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7072:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7060:
7056:
7055:
7053:
7051:Other aspects
7049:
7043:
7042:
7038:
7036:
7035:
7031:
7029:
7028:
7024:
7022:
7021:
7017:
7015:
7014:
7010:
7008:
7007:
7003:
7001:
7000:
6996:
6995:
6993:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6974:
6971:
6965:
6964:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6952:
6948:
6946:
6945:
6941:
6939:
6938:
6934:
6932:
6931:
6927:
6926:
6924:
6922:
6918:
6912:
6911:
6907:
6905:
6904:
6900:
6898:
6897:
6893:
6891:
6890:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6875:
6873:
6871:
6867:
6863:
6856:
6855:Jurisprudence
6853:
6851:
6848:
6847:
6843:
6839:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6803:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6728:
6726:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6712:
6709:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6691:
6688:
6687:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6674:
6671:
6667:
6664:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6646:
6645:
6642:
6641:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6633:
6632:
6628:
6625:
6621:
6618:
6614:
6611:
6610:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6590:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6575:
6572:
6571:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6546:
6545:
6542:
6541:
6539:
6537:
6536:Denominations
6533:
6527:
6526:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6501:
6499:
6497:
6493:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6449:
6445:
6444:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6432:
6428:
6426:
6425:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6395:
6393:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6379:
6376:
6370:
6369:
6365:
6363:
6362:
6358:
6356:
6355:
6351:
6349:
6348:
6344:
6342:
6341:
6337:
6336:
6334:
6332:
6328:
6322:
6321:Holiest sites
6319:
6317:
6316:Judgement Day
6314:
6312:
6311:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6288:
6285:
6284:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6277:
6273:
6269:
6266:
6265:
6264:
6261:
6260:
6258:
6256:
6252:
6248:
6244:
6243:
6237:
6232:
6225:
6220:
6218:
6213:
6211:
6206:
6205:
6202:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6106:
6104:
6102:
6098:
6094:
6090:
6086:
6081:
6077:
6076:Ash'ari books
6070:
6065:
6063:
6058:
6056:
6051:
6050:
6047:
6035:
6030:
6028:
6023:
6021:
6016:
6014:
6008:
6003:
6002:
5998:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5962:Ahl al-Hadith
5960:
5958:
5955:
5954:
5951:
5948:
5944:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5895:
5892:
5889:
5885:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5864:Al-Muwahhidun
5862:
5859:
5856:
5853:
5850:
5847:
5844:
5841:
5838:
5835:
5832:
5829:
5826:
5823:
5820:
5817:
5814:
5811:
5808:
5805:
5802:
5799:
5796:
5793:
5790:
5787:
5786:Nizam al-Mulk
5784:
5783:
5780:
5777:
5773:
5768:
5753:
5750:
5747:
5744:
5741:
5738:
5737:
5735:
5733:
5729:
5722:
5719:
5716:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5708:
5704:
5698:
5697:Gibril Haddad
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5682:
5679:
5676:
5673:
5670:
5669:Noah al-Qudah
5667:
5664:
5661:
5658:
5655:
5652:
5649:
5646:
5643:
5640:
5637:
5634:
5631:
5628:
5625:
5622:
5619:
5616:
5613:
5610:
5609:Al-Qastallani
5607:
5604:
5601:
5598:
5595:
5592:
5589:
5586:
5583:
5580:
5577:
5574:
5571:
5568:
5567:Ibn al-Jazari
5565:
5562:
5559:
5556:
5553:
5550:
5547:
5544:
5541:
5538:
5535:
5532:
5529:
5526:
5523:
5520:
5517:
5514:
5511:
5508:
5505:
5502:
5499:
5496:
5493:
5490:
5487:
5484:
5481:
5478:
5475:
5472:
5469:
5466:
5463:
5460:
5457:
5454:
5451:
5448:
5445:
5442:
5439:
5436:
5433:
5430:
5427:
5424:
5421:
5418:
5415:
5412:
5409:
5406:
5403:
5400:
5397:
5394:
5391:
5388:
5385:
5382:
5379:
5376:
5373:
5370:
5367:
5364:
5361:
5358:
5355:
5354:
5352:
5350:
5346:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5329:
5326:
5323:
5320:
5317:
5314:
5311:
5308:
5305:
5302:
5299:
5296:
5293:
5290:
5287:
5284:
5281:
5278:
5275:
5272:
5269:
5266:
5263:
5260:
5257:
5254:
5251:
5248:
5245:
5242:
5239:
5236:
5233:
5230:
5227:
5224:
5221:
5218:
5215:
5212:
5209:
5206:
5203:
5200:
5197:
5194:
5191:
5188:
5185:
5182:
5179:
5176:
5173:
5170:
5167:
5164:
5161:
5158:
5155:
5152:
5149:
5146:
5143:
5140:
5137:
5134:
5131:
5128:
5125:
5122:
5119:
5118:Ibn al-Qattan
5116:
5113:
5110:
5107:
5104:
5101:
5098:
5095:
5092:
5089:
5086:
5083:
5080:
5077:
5074:
5071:
5068:
5065:
5062:
5059:
5056:
5053:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5045:
5041:
5038:
5034:
5028:
5022:
5016:
5006:
5004:
4994:
4993:
4990:
4986:
4977:
4972:
4970:
4965:
4963:
4958:
4957:
4954:
4947:
4944:
4941:
4937:
4934:
4931:
4928:
4924:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4855:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4824:
4813:
4809:
4805:
4799:
4795:
4791:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4776:
4774:9781135198886
4770:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4759:Corbin, Henry
4756:
4755:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4712:
4698:
4694:
4693:
4688:
4681:
4668:
4664:
4663:
4658:
4652:
4646:
4645:9780313335761
4642:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4626:
4621:
4606:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4587:
4582:
4576:
4561:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4531:
4515:
4508:
4501:
4499:
4491:
4485:
4478:
4472:
4463:
4454:
4445:
4436:
4427:
4418:
4409:
4402:
4396:
4394:
4392:
4384:
4378:
4371:
4365:
4363:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4341:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4320:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4299:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4278:
4276:
4267:
4266:Mohammedanism
4260:
4258:
4256:
4240:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4210:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4189:
4187:
4178:
4171:
4164:
4158:
4144:
4140:
4134:
4127:
4122:
4108:on 2013-02-16
4107:
4103:
4097:
4083:on 2018-06-03
4082:
4078:
4072:
4063:
4055:
4051:
4044:
4042:
4027:on 2020-10-29
4026:
4022:
4018:
4011:
4005:
4001:
3995:
3989:
3985:
3979:
3973:
3969:
3963:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3928:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3908:
3901:
3898:
3893:
3887:
3880:
3874:
3867:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3850:
3845:
3839:
3824:
3822:9789089644510
3818:
3814:
3813:
3805:
3799:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3778:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3746:
3740:
3732:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3701:
3694:
3685:
3676:
3667:
3661:
3652:
3645:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3573:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3553:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3475:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3432:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3383:
3375:
3369:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3217:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3172:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3058:Eduard Sachau
3054:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3043:Ibn Taymiyyah
3033:
3023:
3019:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2993:
2992:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2936:
2927:
2925:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2909:
2907:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2807:Prophets and
2801:
2800:
2795:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2765:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2736:occasionalism
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2706:
2701:
2697:
2689:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2604:
2601:
2593:
2590:November 2023
2583:
2582:the talk page
2579:
2573:
2571:
2566:This section
2564:
2555:
2554:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2482:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2426:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2306:
2301:
2299:
2294:
2292:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2270:
2268:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2226:
2225:Ahl al-Hadith
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2176:
2175:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2110:
2109:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1946:
1943:
1937:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1879:
1878:
1867:
1864:
1858:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1840:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1819:
1818:
1807:
1804:
1798:
1795:
1789:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1750:
1749:
1738:
1735:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1701:
1700:
1689:
1686:
1680:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1650:
1649:
1640:(d. 977/1570)
1638:
1635:
1631:(d. 974/1567)
1629:
1626:
1622:(d. 973/1565)
1620:
1617:
1613:(d. 926/1520)
1611:
1608:
1604:(d. 923/1517)
1602:
1601:Al-Qastallani
1599:
1595:(d. 911/1505)
1593:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1579:(d. 902/1497)
1577:
1574:
1573:
1565:
1564:
1555:(d. 899/1493)
1553:
1550:
1546:(d. 875/1470)
1544:
1540:
1536:(d. 864/1459)
1534:
1531:
1527:(d. 852/1449)
1525:
1522:
1518:(d. 833/1429)
1516:
1515:Ibn al-Jazari
1513:
1509:(d. 816/1413)
1507:
1504:
1500:(d. 808/1406)
1498:
1495:
1489:
1486:
1482:(d. 806/1404)
1480:
1477:
1473:(d. 805/1405)
1471:
1468:
1464:(d. 803/1401)
1462:
1459:
1458:
1450:
1449:
1440:(d. 794/1392)
1438:
1435:
1431:(d. 793/1390)
1429:
1426:
1422:(d. 786/1384)
1420:
1417:
1413:(d. 771/1370)
1411:
1408:
1404:(d. 756/1355)
1402:
1399:
1395:(d. 745/1344)
1393:
1390:
1386:(d. 741/1340)
1384:
1381:
1377:(d. 715/1315)
1375:
1372:
1368:(d. 709/1309)
1366:
1363:
1359:(d. 702/1302)
1357:
1354:
1353:
1345:
1344:
1335:(d. 687/1288)
1333:
1330:
1324:
1321:
1317:(d. 684/1285)
1315:
1312:
1308:(d. 676/1277)
1306:
1303:
1299:(d. 671/1272)
1297:
1294:
1290:(d. 660/1262)
1288:
1284:
1280:(d. 646/1248)
1278:
1275:
1271:(d. 631/1233)
1269:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1253:(d. 606/1209)
1251:
1248:
1247:
1239:
1238:
1229:(d. 578/1182)
1227:
1224:
1220:(d. 571/1176)
1218:
1215:
1211:(d. 548/1153)
1209:
1206:
1202:(d. 544/1149)
1200:
1199:Al-Qadi 'Iyad
1197:
1193:(d. 543/1148)
1191:
1188:
1184:(d. 536/1141)
1182:
1179:
1175:(d. 520/1126)
1173:
1170:
1166:(d. 513/1119)
1164:
1161:
1155:
1152:
1148:(d. 505/1111)
1146:
1143:
1139:(d. 502/1108)
1137:
1134:
1133:
1125:
1124:
1115:(d. 478/1085)
1113:
1110:
1106:(d. 476/1083)
1104:
1101:
1097:(d. 474/1081)
1095:
1092:
1088:(d. 465/1072)
1086:
1083:
1079:(d. 463/1071)
1077:
1074:
1070:(d. 458/1066)
1068:
1065:
1061:(d. 450/1058)
1059:
1056:
1052:(d. 434/1043)
1050:
1047:
1041:
1038:
1034:(d. 429/1037)
1032:
1029:
1025:(d. 418/1027)
1023:
1020:
1016:(d. 406/1015)
1014:
1011:
1007:(d. 403/1013)
1005:
1002:
1001:
993:
992:
981:
978:
972:
969:
968:
964:3rd AH/9th AD
960:
959:
953:
947:
946:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
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749:
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722:
718:
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710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
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687:
683:
679:
674:
673:al-Ashʿariyya
668:
659:
653:
626:
615:
610:
608:
603:
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589:
579:
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414:Ahl al-Hadith
411:
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397:
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385:
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208:
207:Judgement Day
205:
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100:
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82:
78:
75:
72:
71:
65:
59:
57:
52:You can help
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
11186:Other orders
11091: /
11084:Nur movement
11055: /
11012:Mirza Ghulam
10943:Tolu-e-Islam
10812:Galibi Order
10810: /
10790:Balım Sultan
10785:Babai revolt
10776:Qalandariyya
10774: /
10676:Mufaḍḍaliyya
10585:Jawārībīyya
10538:Umar ibn Zar
10507:Other Murjīs
10236:Bayhasīyyah
10153:Nuqta-yi Ula
9969:Pir Sadardin
9962: /
9876: /
9872: /
9789: /
9781: /
9768: /
9748: /
9744: /
9740: /
9597:Zayd ibn Ali
9547: /
9534: /
9493:
9485:Ilm al-Kalam
9398: /
9391:Ahl-i Hadith
9259:Umm al-kitab
9257:
9246:
9235:
9228:
9210:
9205:
9198:
9191:
9184:
9177:
9157:
9150:
9145:Fihi Ma Fihi
9143:
9136:
9129:
9122:
9115:
9108:
9101:
9094:
9087:
9080:
9073:
8813:Twelve Imams
8732:Ahl-i Hadith
8663:Ibnul Qayyim
8543:(Nazzāmīyya)
8024:Ibn al-Jawzi
7964:Al-Taftazani
7939:Al-Baqillani
7919:
7619:Islamophobia
7484:Christianity
7432:
7365:Contemporary
7259:Architecture
7198:
7164:
7152:
7140:
7098:
7091:
7057:
7039:
7034:Nikah mut'ah
7032:
7025:
7018:
7011:
7004:
6997:
6961:
6949:
6942:
6935:
6928:
6908:
6901:
6894:
6887:
6800:
6548:
6523:
6447:
6429:
6422:
6366:
6359:
6352:
6345:
6338:
6331:Five Pillars
6308:
6274:
6263:God in Islam
6240:
6088:
6075:
5860:(d. 1382 AH)
5854:(d. 1354 AH)
5848:(d. 1350 AH)
5842:(d. 1300 AH)
5721:Ibn al-Jawzi
5692:Ali al-Jifri
5683:(d. 1434 AH)
5677:(d. 1432 AH)
5671:(d. 1432 AH)
5665:(d. 1379 AH)
5659:(d. 1304 AH)
5653:(d. 1230 AH)
5647:(d. 1132 AH)
5641:(d. 1031 AH)
5483:Ibn al-Salah
5330:(d. 1425 AH)
5324:(d. 1419 AH)
5318:(d. 1397 AH)
5312:(d. 1393 AH)
5306:(d. 1380 AH)
5300:(d. 1299 AH)
5294:(d. 1276 AH)
5288:(d. 1230 AH)
5282:(d. 1230 AH)
5276:(d. 1224 AH)
5270:(d. 1208 AH)
5264:(d. 1201 AH)
5258:(d. 1122 AH)
5252:(d. 1102 AH)
5246:(d. 1090 AH)
5240:(d. 1072 AH)
5234:(d. 1041 AH)
5228:(d. 1041 AH)
5222:(d. 1036 AH)
5196:Ahmad Zarruq
5148:Ibn Adjurrum
5094:Ibn Barrajan
5058:Al-Baqillani
4982:
4948:– sunna.info
4902:. Retrieved
4879:. New York:
4876:
4857:. Retrieved
4834:. New York:
4831:
4815:. Retrieved
4788:
4763:
4752:Bibliography
4721:
4717:
4711:
4701:, retrieved
4696:
4690:
4680:
4670:, retrieved
4661:
4651:
4628:
4620:
4608:. Retrieved
4585:
4575:
4563:. Retrieved
4540:
4530:
4518:. Retrieved
4513:
4489:
4484:
4476:
4471:
4462:
4453:
4444:
4435:
4426:
4417:
4408:
4400:
4382:
4377:
4369:
4345:
4340:
4324:
4319:
4303:
4298:
4282:
4265:
4242:. Retrieved
4219:
4209:
4193:
4176:
4170:
4162:
4157:
4146:. Retrieved
4142:
4133:
4121:
4110:. Retrieved
4106:the original
4096:
4085:. Retrieved
4081:the original
4071:
4062:
4053:
4029:. Retrieved
4025:the original
4020:
4010:
3994:
3978:
3962:
3933:
3927:
3915:
3907:
3896:
3895:
3886:
3878:
3873:
3851:, p. 9.
3844:
3838:
3826:. Retrieved
3811:
3804:
3798:
3782:
3777:
3761:
3745:
3739:
3719:. New York:
3716:
3693:
3684:
3675:
3666:
3660:
3651:
3577:
3571:
3552:
3505:
3474:
3441:
3431:
3386:
3380:
3374:
3368:
3329:
3271:
3228:. New York:
3223:
3183:
3180:"al-Ashʿari"
3175:
3131:
3127:
3111:
3103:
3078:
3055:
3040:
3027:
3008:
2957:
2950:
2942:
2939:Sa'id Foudah
2924:al-Taftazani
2921:
2917:Qadi Baydawi
2910:
2905:
2903:
2892:
2878:
2871:During sleep
2858:
2826:to Muhammad.
2813:
2808:
2797:
2776:
2770:
2750:
2746:
2719:
2709:
2703:
2678:
2658:
2627:
2617:
2613:
2611:
2596:
2587:
2576:Please help
2567:
2542:
2535:
2526:
2522:
2512:
2499:
2489:
2422:
2412:
2406:
2384:
2379:
2354:, among the
2335:
2318:was born in
2314:
2114:Institutions
2098:
2091:
2083:
2076:
2068:
2061:
2053:
2045:
2038:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2008:
2000:
1992:
1984:
1976:
1918:Nuh al-Qudah
1552:Ahmad Zarruq
1428:Al-Taftazani
1332:Ibn al-Nafis
1277:Ibn al-Hajib
1259:Ibn al-Athir
1004:Al-Baqillani
983:(d. 371/982)
974:(d. 324/936)
901:
887:
830:Ibn al-Nafis
814:al-Baqillani
810:al-Taftazani
782:Ibn al-Jawzi
771:
762:
758:
756:
729:
700:
684:named after
624:
623:
551:
482:Ahl-i Hadith
422:In terms of
419:
395:
373:
366:
359:
352:
345:
336:
230:Five Pillars
103:edit summary
94:
61:
53:
18:Ash'ari
11137:Rashid Rida
10985:Independent
10970:Edip Yüksel
10933:Ahle Qur'an
10884:Nazzāmīyya
10881:Ikhshīdiyya
10868:Huzaylīyya
10859:Bahshamiyya
10835:Mā’marīyya
10827:Rationalism
10772:Malamatiyya
10692:Mānsūrīyya
10638:Khaṭṭābiyya
10569:Mu'shabbiha
10529:Sābit Kutna
10462:Sawbānīyya
10446:Gassānīyya
10430:Gaylānīyya
10424:Other sects
10219:Sa'labīyyah
10216:Maymunīyyah
10193:Arbitration
10075:Khurramites
10039:Sam‘ānīyya
9812:Bābā Rexheb
9742:Shah Ismail
9562:Millî Görüş
9480:Ahl ar-Ra'y
9422:Al-Uthaymin
9343:Kullabiyya
9321:Sunni Islam
9222:Independent
9066:Sunni books
8890:Shaykh Tusi
8863:Ali al-Hadi
8853:Ali al-Rida
8790:Yasir Qadhi
8695:Al-Uthaymin
8685:Rashid Rida
8680:Al-Shawkani
8576:(Jāhizīyya)
8561:(Jubbāīyya)
8465:Jawālikīyya
8319:Ali al-Qari
8234:Al-Sarakhsi
8220:Al-Maturidi
8094:Al-Sha'rani
8074:Ibn Khaldun
7949:Al-Qushayri
7911:Theologians
7892:Metaphysics
7798:Eschatology
7765:Theologians
7489:Catholicism
7384:Other areas
7375:Theological
7370:Eschatology
7327:Mathematics
7264:Calligraphy
7194:Theological
7148:Inheritance
7065:Cleanliness
6437:Shi'a Imams
6431:Ahl al-Bayt
5967:Ahl al-Ra'y
5836:(d. 741 AH)
5830:(d. 658 AH)
5824:(d. 635 AH)
5818:(d. 635 AH)
5812:(d. 615 AH)
5806:(d. 589 AH)
5800:(d. 558 AH)
5794:(d. 500 AH)
5788:(d. 485 AH)
5754:(d. 745 AH)
5748:(d. 592 AH)
5742:(d. 524 AH)
5723:(d. 534 AH)
5717:(d. 508 AH)
5635:(d. 977 AH)
5629:(d. 974 AH)
5623:(d. 973 AH)
5621:Al-Sha'rani
5617:(d. 926 AH)
5611:(d. 923 AH)
5605:(d. 918 AH)
5599:(d. 911 AH)
5593:(d. 911 AH)
5587:(d. 902 AH)
5581:(d. 852 AH)
5575:(d. 845 AH)
5569:(d. 833 AH)
5563:(d. 807 AH)
5557:(d. 806 AH)
5551:(d. 794 AH)
5549:Al-Zarkashi
5545:(d. 786 AH)
5539:(d. 771 AH)
5533:(d. 764 AH)
5527:(d. 756 AH)
5521:(d. 742 AH)
5515:(d. 728 AH)
5509:(d. 702 AH)
5503:(d. 685 AH)
5497:(d. 676 AH)
5491:(d. 660 AH)
5485:(d. 643 AH)
5479:(d. 606 AH)
5473:(d. 578 AH)
5467:(d. 571 AH)
5465:Ibn 'Asakir
5461:(d. 548 AH)
5455:(d. 516 AH)
5449:(d. 505 AH)
5443:(d. 502 AH)
5437:(d. 478 AH)
5431:(d. 471 AH)
5425:(d. 476 AH)
5419:(d. 465 AH)
5417:Al-Qushayri
5413:(d. 463 AH)
5407:(d. 458 AH)
5401:(d. 430 AH)
5395:(d. 429 AH)
5389:(d. 427 AH)
5387:Al-Tha'labi
5383:(d. 418 AH)
5377:(d. 406 AH)
5371:(d. 405 AH)
5365:(d. 371 AH)
5359:(d. 354 AH)
5339:Hamza Yusuf
5216:(d. 954 AH)
5210:(d. 953 AH)
5204:(d. 914 AH)
5198:(d. 899 AH)
5192:(d. 876 AH)
5186:(d. 808 AH)
5184:Ibn Khaldun
5180:(d. 803 AH)
5174:(d. 790 AH)
5168:(d. 776 AH)
5162:(d. 741 AH)
5156:(d. 737 AH)
5150:(d. 723 AH)
5144:(d. 709 AH)
5138:(d. 702 AH)
5132:(d. 684 AH)
5126:(d. 672 AH)
5120:(d. 628 AH)
5114:(d. 581 AH)
5108:(d. 544 AH)
5102:(d. 543 AH)
5096:(d. 536 AH)
5090:(d. 536 AH)
5084:(d. 520 AH)
5078:(d. 474 AH)
5072:(d. 458 AH)
5066:(d. 430 AH)
5060:(d. 403 AH)
5054:(d. 386 AH)
4403:1953 p. 251
4385:1953 p. 252
4372:1953 p. 250
4323:Ron Geaves
4126:Corbin 1993
4050:"Ash'arism"
3866:Hughes 2013
3030:August 2021
2818:In all the
2796:Support of
2708:) or hell (
2486:Development
2425:discussions
2399:Mujassimite
1619:Al-Sha'rani
1497:Ibn Khaldun
1217:Ibn 'Asakir
1085:Al-Qushayri
934:Ahl al-Ra'y
924:Sunni Islam
838:Ibn Khaldun
834:Ibn Battuta
802:Ibn 'Asakir
717:rationalism
713:rationality
682:Sunni Islam
568:Persecution
404:Ahl al-Ra'y
156:Sunni Islam
11303:Categories
11181:Süleymancı
11089:Said Nursî
11048:Mahdavīyya
10999:Messianism
10903:Sumamīyya
10893:Hābītīyya
10781:Baba Ishak
10723:Saba'īyya
10710:Mukhāmmīsa
10701:Mughīrīyya
10688:Ghurābīyya
10650:Bāzīghiyya
10618:Bārāq Bābā
10597:Hulmānīyya
10494:Ziyādīyya
10486:Ubaydīyya
10478:Shamrīyya
10470:Sālehīyya
10454:Tūmanīyya
10438:Yūnusīyya
10399:Sauwāqīyya
10375:Hakāiqīyya
10359:Karrāmīyya
10349:Hanafiyyah
10203:Kharijites
10141:Nuktawiyya
10092:al-Muqanna
10070:Muḥammirah
10058:Abu Muslim
10054:Rezāmīyya
10029:Hārithīyya
10021:Janāhiyya
10011:Hashimiyya
9985:Kaysanites
9932:Badakhshan
9865:Qarmatians
9852:Batiniyyah
9832:Isma'ilism
9803:Demir Bābā
9798:Baktāshism
9791:Bektashism
9770:ibn Nusayr
9766:al-Khaṣībī
9750:Kul Nesîmî
9746:Pir Sultan
9651:Khalafiyya
9646:Dukayniyya
9580:Shia Islam
9522:Maturidism
9444:Madkhalism
9347:Ibn Kullab
9170:Shia books
8720:Madkhalism
8620:Najjārīyya
8510:al-Qībtī (
8484:Karramiyya
8480:Ibn Karram
8436:Mu'jassimā
8324:Al-Maydani
8314:Ali Qushji
8239:Al-Bazdawi
8215:Maturidism
8200:Al-Shafi'i
8069:Al-Baydawi
8029:Qadi Ayyad
8004:Ibn Tumart
7959:Al-Ghazali
7944:Al-Juwayni
7934:Al-Bayhaqi
7925:al-Ash'ari
7897:Philosophy
7818:Philosophy
7549:Ex-Muslims
7434:Shu'ubiyya
7428:Psychology
7416:Literature
7406:Inventions
7352:Philosophy
7160:Leadership
7136:Honorifics
6791:Philosophy
6598:Isma'ilism
6559:Maturidism
6442:Caliphates
6413:Golden Age
6304:Revelation
5740:Ibn Tumart
5585:Al-Sakhawi
5573:Al-Maqrizi
5501:Al-Baydawi
5453:Al-Baghawi
5447:Al-Ghazali
5435:Al-Juwayni
5405:Al-Bayhaqi
5363:Ibn Khafif
5357:Ibn Hibban
5244:Ibn 'Ashir
5208:Al-Akhdari
5178:Ibn 'Arafa
5160:Ibn Juzayy
5112:Al-Suhayli
4904:1 November
4859:21 January
4817:1 November
4812:2008927099
4703:2008-10-14
4672:2008-02-03
4593:. p.
4548:. p.
4227:. p.
4148:2020-10-14
4112:2013-02-13
4087:2013-02-13
4031:2021-04-01
4004:0761479295
3988:0755210115
3972:0195165209
3721:SUNY Press
3616:2020008682
3536:2006935669
3466:1291928025
3360:2016935488
3248:2005023943
3230:SUNY Press
3090:, such as
3062:al-Ghazali
3011:neutrality
2913:al-Juwayni
2809:the unseen
2668:omnipotent
2632:Existence;
2572:to readers
2508:al-Bayhaqi
2478:Companions
2434:innovators
2376:Abu Hanifa
2348:philosophy
2340:al-Jubba'i
2032:Al-Iqtisad
1661:Ibn 'Ashir
1576:Al-Sakhawi
1461:Ibn 'Arafa
1383:Ibn Juzayy
1323:Al-Baydawi
1296:Al-Qurtubi
1145:Al-Ghazali
1112:Al-Juwayni
1067:Al-Bayhaqi
1058:Al-Mawardi
980:Ibn Khafif
929:Kullabiyya
915:Background
908:Ibn Tumart
818:al-Bayhaqi
786:al-Ghazali
759:Ashʿarites
721:Maturidism
547:Literature
512:Holy sites
400:Maturidism
257:Pilgrimage
192:Holy books
11109:Modernism
11041:Sabbatean
11029:Kabbalist
11007:Ahmadiyya
10938:Kala Kato
10911:Kā‘bīyya
10842:Bishriyya
10822:Muʿtazila
10750:al-Juhani
10743:Qadariyah
10613:Kalandars
10593:Hāshwīyya
10481:Abū Shamr
10414:Zarībīyya
10411:Wāhidīyya
10402:Sūramīyya
10396:Razīnīyya
10372:Dhīmmīyya
10341:Hasan ibn
10315:Wahbiyyah
10262:Abu Qurra
10188:Muhakkima
10132:Hurufiyya
10119:Mahdiists
10034:Riyāhīyya
10015:Hārbīyya
9956:Aga Khans
9951:Assassins
9914:Sulaymani
9878:ad-Darazi
9816:Hārābātīs
9733:Qizilbash
9726:Shaykhism
9602:Jarudiyya
9513:Al-Ahbash
9494:Ash'arism
9427:Al-Albani
9407:Wahhabism
9252:Ahmadiyya
9193:Al-Khisal
9103:Al-Irshad
9058:Key books
8705:Al-Albani
8673:Wahhabism
8527:Mu'tazila
8516:Qadariyah
8394:Mu'attila
8309:Ibn Kemal
8304:Khidr Bey
8184:Hanafiyah
8119:Al-Bahūtī
8114:Ibn Ashir
8079:Ibn Arafa
7974:Ibn Furak
7969:Al-Maziri
7920:Ash'arism
7887:Cosmology
7864:Cosmology
7859:Astronomy
7831:Education
7666:Symbolism
7624:Incidents
7602:Criticism
7494:Mormonism
7391:Astrology
7317:Cosmology
7312:Astronomy
7254:Arabesque
7121:Etiquette
7080:Blasphemy
6870:Economics
6685:Ahmadiyya
6627:Muhakkima
6574:Wahhabism
6564:Mu'tazili
6549:Ash'arism
6089:Ash'arism
5987:Al-Ahbash
5923:Al-Irshad
5746:Ibn Mada'
5715:Ibn 'Aqil
5687:Ali Gomaa
5639:Al-Munawi
5591:Al-Suyuti
5531:Al-Safadi
5495:Al-Nawawi
5375:Ibn Furak
5214:Al-Hattab
5124:Ibn Malik
5088:Al-Maziri
5070:Ibn Sidah
4794:Routledge
4742:170934544
4728:: 7–55 ,
4520:13 August
4293:page 62-3
3954:1875-9823
3772:chapter 5
3624:219026357
3608:2212-8662
3544:169898034
3510:Routledge
3438:"Ashʿarī"
3407:0003-0279
3393:: 37–62.
3292:1875-9823
3022:talk page
2987:Criticism
2728:intention
2724:free will
2716:free will
2504:Ibn Furak
2372:free will
2242:Deobandis
2237:Al-Ahbash
2215:Maturidis
2025:Al-Irshad
1779:Ibn Kiran
1592:Al-Suyuti
1305:Al-Nawawi
1181:Al-Mazari
1163:Ibn 'Aqil
1013:Ibn Furak
888:Ash'arism
822:al-Biruni
790:al-Suyuti
774:al-Nawawi
736:Muʿtazila
667:romanized
625:Ash'arism
529:Jerusalem
489:Modernism
477:Wahhabism
437:al-Wijdan
396:Ash'arism
121:talk page
58:in Arabic
11226:Tawakkul
11193:Tawassul
11155:Taṣawwuf
11077:doctrine
10925:Quranism
10714:Namiriya
10343:Muḥāmmad
10336:Murji'ah
10050:Rawendis
9973:Satpanth
9894:Musta'li
9889:Fatimids
9787:Hurufism
9774:Alawites
9679:Sects in
9671:Mahdiist
9607:Batriyya
9553:Deobandi
9504:Shafi'is
9439:Jihadism
9386:Salafism
9354:Hanbalis
9335:Atharism
9248:Malfūzāt
9186:Al-Amali
8783:Hazimism
8495:Murji'ah
8419:Jahmīyya
8407:Mu'jbira
7999:Ibn Aqil
7704:Category
7597:Islamism
7580:Muhammad
7536:Apostasy
7511:Hinduism
7401:Feminism
7332:Medicine
7172:Military
7126:Gambling
7075:Apostasy
7070:Criminal
6982:Marriage
6951:Tayammum
6903:Murabaha
6776:Madrasas
6766:Holidays
6756:Clothing
6751:Children
6746:Calendar
6697:Quranism
6631:Khawarij
6603:Alawites
6554:Atharism
6448:Rashidun
6287:In Islam
6282:Muhammad
6006:Maturidi
5946:See also
5816:Al-Kamil
5707:Hanbalis
5681:Al-Bouti
5349:Shafi'is
5014:Category
4936:Archived
4923:Archived
4871:(2013).
4761:(1993).
4639:, 2007.
4633:Westport
4583:(2014).
4538:(2014).
4356:page 183
4314:page 163
4217:(2014).
3504:(eds.).
3423:12032032
3218:(2006).
3140:See also
3066:Galileos
2906:mukallid
2767:Muhammad
2711:jahannam
2691:'effects
2677:and the
2647:Oneness;
2543:muthbita
2476:and his
2450:accident
2277:Category
2247:Barelvis
2018:Al-Insaf
880:a series
878:Part of
806:al-Subki
767:Māturīdī
725:Atharism
701:mujaddid
697:reformer
662:الأشعرية
472:Salafism
441:al-Kashf
410:Atharism
277:Abu Bakr
148:a series
146:Part of
97:provide
11314:Asharis
11309:Ash'ari
11275:Shafi'i
11265:Hanbali
11231:Tewafuq
11211:Sadaqah
11172:Barelvi
11163:Ṭarīqah
11017:Qadiani
10990:beliefs
10760:Alevism
10607:Dimashq
10393:Nūnīyya
10387:Maʿīyya
10347:ibn al-
10322:Azzabas
10283:Ibadism
10271:Nukkari
10225:Azariqa
10210:Ajardi
10157:Bábīyya
10063:Sunpadh
9995:Mukhtār
9960:Nizaris
9935:Alevism
9909:Dawoodi
9899:Tayyibi
9861:Sevener
9840:Fathite
9714:Akhbari
9709:Ja'fari
9696:Twelver
9675:Shi'ite
9612:Imamate
9589:Zaydism
9540:Barelvi
9527:Hanafis
9499:Malikis
9468:Maqrizi
9417:Ibn Baz
9376:Zahiris
9138:Masnavi
8690:Ibn Baz
8504:Dimashq
8204:Shafi‘i
8134:'Illish
7869:Physics
7851:Science
7651:Nursing
7612:Qutbism
7526:Sikhism
7521:Judaism
7516:Jainism
7506:Druzism
7342:Physics
7289:Pottery
7274:Gardens
7269:Carpets
7184:Slavery
7106:Divorce
7093:Dhabiĥa
6921:Hygiene
6896:Takaful
6878:Banking
6808:Science
6802:Qurbani
6771:Mosques
6731:Animals
6720:Culture
6654:Nukkari
6649:Azzabas
6636:Azariqa
6620:Zaydism
6608:Alevism
6484:Ottoman
6474:Almohad
6469:Fatimid
6464:Córdoba
6459:Abbasid
6454:Umayyad
6387:Leaders
6382:History
6340:Shahada
6255:Beliefs
6026:Shafi'i
5804:Saladin
5732:Zahiris
5044:Malikis
4786:(ed.).
4335:page 21
3828:12 July
3793:page 66
3328:(ed.).
3124:Ptolemy
3086:of the
3074:Newtons
3070:Keplers
3020:on the
2875:visions
2822:, from
2751:created
2568:may be
2549:Beliefs
2523:tashbih
2500:Ashʿarī
2496:Kullabi
2474:Prophet
2417:Tafweed
2380:iktisab
2352:atomism
2209:Classic
871:Founder
865:Maghreb
844:History
703:), and
690:Shāfiʿī
676:) is a
669::
563:History
332:Hanbali
327:Shafi'i
306:schools
252:Fasting
247:Charity
175:Beliefs
119:to the
101:in the
60:.
11280:Zahiri
11270:Maliki
11260:Hanafi
11236:Thawab
11216:Sunnah
11141:Other
11097:Hizmet
11061:Zikris
11032:Dönmes
11022:Lahori
10988:Muslim
10808:Rifa`i
10748:Ma'bad
10630:Tajsīm
10578:Tamsīl
10305:Ifrani
10245:Najdat
10148:Shayki
10117:Other
10085:Mazyar
9964:Khojas
9942:Nizari
9921:Hafizi
9882:Druzes
9863:
9807:Alians
9761:Ghulat
9241:Alawis
8508:Nabati
8473:Abdals
8455:Juzjan
8194:Maliki
7879:Sufism
7803:Ethics
7790:Aqidah
7782:Fields
7761:Fields
7463:
7421:poetry
7231:
7116:Ethics
7100:Dhimmi
7059:Baligh
7020:Mahram
6977:Family
6957:Toilet
6937:Miswak
6690:Lahori
6673:Najdat
6569:Salafi
6519:Seerah
6514:Tafsir
6509:Hadith
6479:Sokoto
6424:Sahaba
6299:Angels
6276:Tawhid
6233:topics
6093:Aqidah
6019:Maliki
6012:Hanafi
5982:Sufism
5977:Tawhid
5874:Mamluk
4897:
4887:
4850:
4810:
4800:
4771:
4740:
4643:
4610:4 June
4601:
4565:4 June
4556:
4352:
4331:
4310:
4289:
4244:4 June
4235:
4204:p. 281
4200:
4002:
3986:
3970:
3952:
3819:
3789:
3768:
3727:
3622:
3614:
3606:
3596:
3572:taʾwīl
3542:
3534:
3524:
3464:
3454:
3421:
3415:604336
3413:
3405:
3358:
3348:
3290:
3246:
3236:
3112:taqlid
3104:taqlid
3072:, and
2958:ḥadīth
2841:angels
2834:Dajjal
2777:ḥadīth
2772:tafsīr
2705:jannah
2680:ḥadīth
2527:ta'til
2454:colour
2438:motion
2408:taqlid
2395:Zahiri
2368:matter
2336:ṣaḥāba
2231:Modern
2180:Events
836:, and
816:, and
744:agency
732:Atharī
693:jurist
658:Arabic
524:Medina
499:Farahi
375:Jariri
368:Laythi
361:Thawri
354:Awza'i
347:Zahiri
339:Others
322:Maliki
317:Hanafi
304:Sunni
287:Uthman
242:Prayer
217:Sahaba
202:Angels
11324:Kalam
11221:Taqwa
10605:ī ad-
10603:Fāris
10257:Sufri
10080:Babak
9904:Alavi
9870:Hamza
9828:Imami
9719:Usuli
9692:Imami
9683:Islam
9667:Imami
9449:Sahwa
8512:Murjī
8506:ī an-
8457:ī al-
8448:Balkh
8172:Sunni
8169:Early
7841:Peace
7836:Logic
7808:Kalam
7769:Books
7585:Quran
7465:Other
7360:Early
7284:Music
7200:Kalam
7154:Jizya
7142:Hudud
7027:Nikah
6944:Najis
6930:Ghusl
6889:Sukuk
6818:Women
6786:Music
6761:Flags
6666:Sufri
6659:Wahbi
6644:Ibadi
6544:Sunni
6504:Quran
6361:Zakat
6347:Salah
6310:Qadar
6268:Allah
6231:Islam
6101:Books
5972:Kalam
5828:Qutuz
4895:JSTOR
4738:S2CID
4724:(1),
4510:(PDF)
3620:S2CID
3540:S2CID
3411:JSTOR
3389:(1).
3324:. In
3167:Notes
2944:kalām
2893:aqida
2887:That
2879:Ibana
2859:Ibana
2855:Satan
2853:That
2830:Jesus
2799:kalām
2784:heart
2675:Quran
2531:names
2458:space
2320:Basra
2220:Sufis
939:Kalam
857:Tunis
541:Lists
519:Mecca
435:(Ahl
433:Sufis
424:Ihsan
81:DeepL
9987:Shia
8384:Rumi
7826:‘Aql
7246:Arts
7177:POWs
7111:Diet
7041:Zina
7013:Mahr
6999:Haya
6963:Wudu
6910:Riba
6823:LGBT
6715:Life
6588:Shia
6583:Sufi
6368:Hajj
6354:Sawm
4906:2020
4885:ISBN
4861:2022
4848:ISBN
4819:2020
4808:LCCN
4798:ISBN
4769:ISBN
4699:(10)
4641:ISBN
4612:2018
4599:ISBN
4567:2018
4554:ISBN
4522:2021
4350:ISBN
4329:ISBN
4308:ISBN
4287:ISBN
4246:2018
4233:ISBN
4198:ISBN
4000:ISBN
3984:ISBN
3968:ISBN
3950:ISSN
3830:2016
3817:ISBN
3787:ISBN
3766:ISBN
3725:ISBN
3612:LCCN
3604:ISSN
3594:ISBN
3532:LCCN
3522:ISBN
3462:OCLC
3452:ISBN
3419:LCCN
3403:ISSN
3356:LCCN
3346:ISBN
3288:ISSN
3244:LCCN
3234:ISBN
3130:and
3094:and
2889:jinn
2824:Adam
2791:Hell
2741:The
2720:kasb
2616:and
2525:and
2462:atom
2446:body
2442:rest
2427:and
2364:time
2346:and
2324:Iraq
746:and
734:and
723:and
688:, a
398:and
282:Umar
95:must
93:You
74:View
11075:'s
10303:al-
10269:al-
9261:of
9250:of
9239:of
8818:Ali
8470:Rum
8459:Kūf
8446:al-
6987:Sex
6850:Law
6736:Art
4840:doi
4730:doi
3942:doi
3586:doi
3514:doi
3395:doi
3387:109
3338:doi
3280:doi
3076:".
2734:as
2664:God
2519:God
2517:of
2470:sin
2466:God
2360:God
906:by
855:in
680:in
439:wa
310:law
308:of
292:Ali
182:God
83:or
11305::
11179:–
11170:–
11095:–
11059:–
11039:–
10806:–
10792:–
10783:–
10770:–
10155:–
10139:–
10009:–
9971:–
9958:–
9949:–
9930:–
9880:–
9859:–
9814:–
9805:–
9785:–
9772:–
9752:–
9560:–
9551:–
9538:–
9511:–
8461:ī
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6087:-
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4830:.
4806:.
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4736:,
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4720:,
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4665:,
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4627:,
4597:.
4595:65
4589:.
4552:.
4550:62
4544:.
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4390:^
4361:^
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