27:
194:
344:
103:
445:
261:
110:
414:
340:
support welding and prefabrication. The shipyard received financial support from the state, which became its largest creditor. On 15 October 1949 the AP2 workshop was opened, nicknamed "The
Cathedral" for its size: 75 by 24 metres (246 by 79 ft) with a height of 30 metres (98 ft). The AP2 contained two 30-ton cranes to handle prefabricated welded hull components.
205:
state ceded the public land within the fortifications of
Dunkirk to the east of the channel, and undertook levelling of the site and excavation of a launching basin. The work proceeded smoothly. Six slipways were built on a site of 11 hectares (27 acres) to the east of the city. The new facility was the first in France to power its machinery with electricity.
204:
The
Ateliers et Chantiers de France (ACF) company was officially founded on 6 July 1898 by a consortium of six shipping brokers, the Dunkirk chamber of commerce and the state. The state asked that the shipyard be able to build steamships and also four-masted barques and clippers with metal hulls. The
421:
In
September 1977 as part of a government rescue package the shipyard merged with the Société métallurgique et navale (SMN) to become the shipping branch of the Société métallurgique et navale Dunkerque-Normandie (SMNDN), a subsidiary of the Empain-Schneider group. That year it was forced to lay off
339:
The ACF was rebuilt in 1947. The shipyard could accommodate ships of 210 metres (690 ft) length and 4,000 tonnes deadweight. The shipyard experienced a boom for the next thirty years. During this period the original quay was rebuilt and a second quay added. The workshops were modernized to
243:
The ACF was less active during World War I since over 60% of the workers had been mobilized in the armed forces. The shipyard concentrated on repair and renovation of warships and manufacture of weapons and ammunition. In 1914 the Forges at
Chantiers de France fitted armor on three cars at the
273:
The 1920s were a difficult period, with only a slight improvement in the 1930s. In 1924 the shipyard joined forces with the Société des Forges & Chantiers de la Méditerranée and the Société des
Ateliers et Chantiers de St Nazaire to submit a joint bid to build submarines for Poland. They
401:, was launched on 2 June 1966. At the end of 1967 Schneider split up the ACDB. In 1972 the yard became Chantiers de France-Dunkerque. In 1974–81 the shipyard employed 3,000 workers and staff to design and build seven 130,000 cubic metres (4,600,000 cu ft)
173:(1939–45). In the first thirty years after the war the shipyard again experienced a boom and employed up to 3,000 workers making oil tankers, and then liquid natural gas tankers. Demand dropped off in the 1970s and 1980s. In 1972 the shipyard became
274:
submitted a low bid, but due to lack of experience were not selected. The ACF struggled against competition from other yards in France and abroad, and was affected by the depressed economy of the 1930s. It was able to obtain orders from the
435:
The Fonds régionaux d’art contemporain (Frac) Nord-Pas de Calais, a center for international contemporary art, is located in a new building erected beside the AP2, which still stands as a monument to the shipbuilding era.
385:
On 30 November 1960 the yard became part of the
Ateliers et Chantiers de Dunkerque-Bordeaux (ACDB). Almost all the investment by Schneider and the state went into the Dunkirk operation rather than Bordeaux.
426:. In 1983 the shipyard merged with La Ciotat and La Seyne-sur-Mer to form Normed. In 1986 1,500 employees were put on leave, and "early retirement" was set at three years. On 15 April 1987 the train ferry
312:, launched in 1937, was the largest tanker in the world in its day. The motor tanker of 14,115 tons, built for the Compagne Navale des Petroles, was sunk on 12 October 1939 by gunfire from
378:. It moved into construction of large oil tankers, as well as bulk carriers of ore and other products. Tankers of 34,000 tonnes were built for an American oil company. In 1960 the
252:, was thus the first Rolls-Royce armored car. The armor was 6mm boiler plate, so could only protect against a rifle bullet from a distance of 600 yards (550 m) or more.
1023:
223:, launched on 22 March 1902. This was a four-master with a riveted hull intended for the Atlantic trade. By this time the shipyard had 800–900 workers, including some from
919:
432:
was launched. It finally left the shipyard on 15 January 1988. The remaining assets were sold at auction, and by 1989 all the cranes had been removed.
231:(1914–18) building trawlers, cargo chips and cruise boats. The workforce rose to almost 1,900. The first of ten passenger liners was the luxurious
227:
and some from across the border in
Belgium. Apprentices were recruited for training at the age of 12. The shipyard was busy in the period before
1066:
102:
125:
1081:
275:
382:
took a major stake in the enterprise, and in following years rationalized production in
Dunkirk with operations at other sites.
1007:
945:
903:
877:
851:
1071:
503:
467:
375:
286:
118:
843:
Big
Business : The European Experience in the Twentieth Century: The European Experience in the Twentieth Century
32:
331:(1939–45) the shipyard was destroyed in 1940, rebuilt during the German occupation of France, then destroyed again.
960:
422:
workers due to the petrol crisis. Activity declined further in the 1980s, although two car ferries were built for
477:
291:
264:
1076:
313:
26:
458:
280:
494:
304:
245:
982:
L'épreuve de la modernité. Histoire des Ateliers et Chantiers de France, à Dunkerque(1945-1973)
999:
Britain, France, and the Naval Arms Trade in the Baltic, 1919-1939: Grand Strategy and Failure
935:
867:
841:
278:
and from the Dreyfus arms manufacturer. Naval orders were important, including the destroyers
997:
592:
485:
449:
428:
394:
298:
893:
574:
8:
249:
193:
343:
358:
The ACF employed about 3,000 people in 1950. In 1948–52 the shipyard built the liners
161:(ACF, Workshops and Shipyards of France) was a major shipyard that was established in
1003:
941:
899:
873:
847:
565:
547:
370:
360:
348:
213:
The ACF was highly successful in its first few years. One of the first directors was
1041:
214:
583:
379:
512:
444:
260:
219:
169:(1914–18), but struggled in the inter-war period. It was badly damaged during
1060:
980:
224:
140:
127:
389:
The shipyard started making specialized vessels including "ship garages" or
822:
328:
170:
556:
524:
402:
228:
166:
798:
423:
740:
738:
736:
539:. In service, 28 November 1915; torpedoed and sunk, 17 February 1917
733:
533:
774:
762:
200:, a four-masted steel barque built in 1902 by Chantiers de France
162:
68:
39:
750:
413:
869:
Steel, State, and Labor: Mobilization and Adjustment in France
571:. Launched, 31 October 1951; destroyed by fire, 23 March 1994
1040:
804:
165:, France, in 1898. The shipyard boomed in the period before
562:. Launched, 14 October 1951; destroyed by fire, 12 May 1974
482:. Launched, 16 April 1934; decommissioned, 6 December 1954
177:, and in 1983 merged with others yards to become part of
959:
744:
516:. Launched, 23 March 1902; wrecked on 30 September 1904
109:
530:. Completed, 1918; torpedoed and sunk, 22 October 1942
417:
FRAC building under construction beside the AP2 (left)
721:
675:
673:
671:
669:
667:
627:
625:
623:
621:
619:
617:
615:
613:
611:
786:
697:
685:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
644:
642:
640:
709:
933:
780:
768:
756:
664:
608:
985:(Thesis) (in French), École nationale des chartes
637:
1058:
248:squadron in Dunkirk. One of these, a 50 hp
1024:"Grandeur et décadence des Chantiers de France"
920:"Le FRAC au Grand Large, mémoire pour le futur"
397:(LNG) carriers. The last passenger liner, the
934:Perpillou, Aimé; Fernandez, Alexandre (2007),
553:. Launched, 28 June 1949; out of service, 1971
255:
922:(in French). Communauté urbaine de Dunkerque
464:. Launched, 5 August 1925; sunk, 30 May 1940
473:. Launched, 1 April 1927; sunk, 25 May 1940
354:(launched 1951) in service as Pallas Athena
820:
727:
334:
25:
937:Les constructions navales dans l'histoire
322:
308:as well as minesweepers and tankers. The
891:
703:
443:
412:
342:
259:
238:
192:
1021:
978:
679:
631:
408:
188:
179:Chantiers du Nord et de la Mediterranee
1059:
995:
917:
839:
715:
691:
658:
208:
940:(in French), Presses Paris Sorbonne,
865:
792:
1067:French companies established in 1898
376:Compagnie des Messageries Maritimes
13:
1042:"What is Frac Nord-Pas de Calais?"
276:Compagnie Générale Transatlantique
16:Former shipyard in Dunkirk, France
14:
1093:
823:"MV Emile Miguet [+1939]"
1082:1987 disestablishments in France
872:, University of Pittsburgh Pre,
805:What is Frac Nord-Pas de Calais?
439:
235:, launched on 10 February 1914.
108:
101:
1022:Tartart, Olivier (2008-08-16),
846:, Oxford University Press, UK,
185:. The shipyard closed in 1987.
159:Ateliers et Chantiers de France
20:Ateliers et Chantiers de France
961:"Référence Mérimée IA00123272"
892:Fletcher, David (2012-04-20),
840:Cassis, Youssef (1997-06-26),
781:Perpillou & Fernandez 2007
769:Perpillou & Fernandez 2007
757:Perpillou & Fernandez 2007
1:
866:Daley, Anthony (1996-02-15),
491:. Scuttled, 27 November, 1942
175:Chantiers de France-Dunkerque
895:The Rolls-Royce Armoured Car
745:Référence Mérimée IA00123272
500:. Scuttled, 27 November 1942
7:
1072:Military history of Dunkirk
10:
1098:
1044:. Frac Nord-Pas de Calais?
996:Stoker, Donald J. (2003),
813:
507:-class vehicle cargo ships
256:Inter-war period (1918–39)
821:Allen Tony (2007-02-26).
393:, refrigerated ships and
217:. The first ship was the
83:
75:
55:
47:
24:
979:Richard, Damien (2006),
918:Oddone, Patrick (2015).
602:
335:Post-war boom (1945–77)
246:Royal Naval Air Service
454:
418:
355:
323:World War II (1939–45)
270:
201:
141:51.047762°N 2.375219°E
59:July 6, 1898
33:French destroyer
898:, Osprey Publishing,
447:
416:
395:liquefied natural gas
346:
263:
239:World War I (1914–18)
196:
1002:, Psychology Press,
409:Last years (1977–88)
189:Foundation (1898–99)
119:class=notpageimage|
1077:Shipyards of France
209:Pre-war (1899–1914)
146:51.047762; 2.375219
137: /
122:Location in France
21:
595:Nord Pas-de-Calais
589:- Launched in 1983
455:
450:Nord-Pas-de-Calais
429:Nord-Pas-de-Calais
419:
356:
271:
202:
19:
1009:978-0-7146-5319-8
947:978-2-84050-509-9
905:978-1-78096-402-7
879:978-0-8229-7485-7
853:978-0-19-152179-9
577:Pride of Telemark
314:German submarine
97:
96:
38:sliding down the
1089:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1018:
1017:
1016:
992:
991:
990:
975:
973:
972:
956:
955:
954:
930:
928:
927:
914:
913:
912:
888:
887:
886:
862:
861:
860:
836:
834:
833:
808:
802:
796:
790:
784:
778:
772:
766:
760:
754:
748:
742:
731:
725:
719:
713:
707:
701:
695:
689:
683:
677:
662:
656:
635:
629:
598:. Launched, 1987
580:. Launched, 1983
269:launched in 1934
215:Florent Guillain
152:
151:
149:
148:
147:
142:
138:
135:
134:
133:
130:
112:
111:
105:
66:
64:
42:on 29 March 1931
29:
22:
18:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1047:
1045:
1033:
1031:
1028:La Voix du Nord
1014:
1012:
1010:
988:
986:
970:
968:
952:
950:
948:
925:
923:
910:
908:
906:
884:
882:
880:
858:
856:
854:
831:
829:
816:
811:
803:
799:
791:
787:
779:
775:
767:
763:
755:
751:
743:
734:
728:Allen Tony 2007
726:
722:
714:
710:
702:
698:
690:
686:
678:
665:
657:
638:
630:
609:
605:
521:Jacques Cartier
453:, launched 1987
442:
411:
380:Schneider group
337:
325:
258:
241:
211:
191:
155:
154:
153:
145:
143:
139:
136:
131:
128:
126:
124:
123:
121:
115:
114:
113:
93:
89:
62:
60:
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1095:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1054:
1053:
1038:
1019:
1008:
993:
976:
957:
946:
931:
915:
904:
889:
878:
863:
852:
837:
817:
815:
812:
810:
809:
797:
795:, p. 126.
785:
783:, p. 218.
773:
771:, p. 217.
761:
759:, p. 191.
749:
732:
720:
708:
696:
694:, p. 207.
684:
663:
636:
606:
604:
601:
600:
599:
590:
581:
572:
563:
554:
550:Stella Solaris
546:, later named
540:
531:
523:, later named
517:
509:
501:
492:
483:
474:
465:
441:
438:
410:
407:
336:
333:
324:
321:
257:
254:
240:
237:
210:
207:
190:
187:
117:
116:
107:
106:
100:
99:
98:
95:
94:
91:
87:
85:
81:
80:
77:
73:
72:
57:
53:
52:
49:
45:
44:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1094:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1043:
1039:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1011:
1005:
1001:
1000:
994:
984:
983:
977:
966:
962:
958:
949:
943:
939:
938:
932:
921:
916:
907:
901:
897:
896:
890:
881:
875:
871:
870:
864:
855:
849:
845:
844:
838:
828:
824:
819:
818:
806:
801:
794:
789:
782:
777:
770:
765:
758:
753:
746:
741:
739:
737:
729:
724:
718:, p. 90.
717:
712:
705:
704:Fletcher 2012
700:
693:
688:
681:
676:
674:
672:
670:
668:
660:
655:
653:
651:
649:
647:
645:
643:
641:
633:
628:
626:
624:
622:
620:
618:
616:
614:
612:
607:
597:
596:
591:
588:
587:
582:
579:
578:
573:
570:
569:
564:
561:
560:
555:
552:
551:
545:
541:
538:
537:
532:
529:
528:
522:
518:
515:
514:
510:
508:
506:
502:
499:
498:
493:
490:
489:
484:
481:
480:
479:Le Triomphant
475:
472:
471:
466:
463:
462:
457:
456:
452:
451:
446:
440:Notable ships
437:
433:
431:
430:
425:
415:
406:
404:
400:
396:
392:
387:
383:
381:
377:
373:
372:
367:
363:
362:
353:
352:
345:
341:
332:
330:
320:
318:
317:
311:
307:
306:
301:
300:
295:
294:
293:Le Triomphant
289:
288:
283:
282:
277:
268:
267:
266:Le Triomphant
262:
253:
251:
247:
244:request of a
236:
234:
230:
226:
225:Saint-Nazaire
222:
221:
216:
206:
199:
195:
186:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
150:
120:
104:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
58:
54:
50:
46:
41:
37:
36:
28:
23:
1046:. Retrieved
1032:, retrieved
1027:
1013:, retrieved
998:
987:, retrieved
981:
969:. Retrieved
964:
951:, retrieved
936:
924:. Retrieved
909:, retrieved
894:
883:, retrieved
868:
857:, retrieved
842:
830:. Retrieved
826:
800:
788:
776:
764:
752:
723:
711:
706:, p. 4.
699:
687:
680:Richard 2006
632:Tartart 2008
594:
586:Stena Danica
585:
576:
567:
558:
549:
543:
535:
526:
520:
511:
504:
496:
487:
478:
469:
460:
448:
434:
427:
420:
403:LNG carriers
398:
390:
388:
384:
369:
365:
359:
357:
350:
338:
329:World War II
326:
315:
310:Émile-Miguet
309:
303:
297:
292:
285:
279:
272:
265:
242:
232:
218:
212:
203:
197:
182:
178:
174:
171:World War II
158:
156:
84:Headquarters
51:Shipbuilding
34:
1030:(in French)
967:(in French)
716:Stoker 2003
692:Cassis 1997
659:Oddone 2015
505:Cape Ducato
250:Rolls-Royce
229:World War I
220:Adolphe III
167:World War I
144: /
1061:Categories
1048:2015-12-12
1034:2015-12-11
1015:2015-12-12
989:2015-12-11
971:2015-12-12
953:2015-12-12
926:2015-12-12
911:2015-12-12
885:2015-12-12
859:2015-12-06
832:2015-12-12
793:Daley 1996
495:Destroyer
486:Destroyer
476:Destroyer
468:Destroyer
461:Bourrasque
459:Destroyer
424:Stena Line
366:Calédonien
281:Bourrasque
198:Valparaiso
129:51°02′52″N
63:1898-07-06
827:Wrecksite
132:2°22′31″E
35:Vauquelin
559:Viet-Nam
544:Cambodge
527:Winnipeg
470:L'Adroit
391:rouliers
374:for the
371:Cambodge
71:, France
48:Industry
965:Mérimée
814:Sources
568:Flandre
513:Adolphe
399:Pasteur
361:Flandre
351:Flandre
347:Former
327:During
163:Dunkirk
88:Dunkirk
76:Defunct
69:Dunkirk
61: (
56:Founded
1006:
944:
902:
876:
850:
497:Vauban
305:Vauban
287:Adroit
183:Normed
92:France
603:Notes
536:Athos
181:, or
1004:ISBN
942:ISBN
900:ISBN
874:ISBN
848:ISBN
488:Lion
368:and
316:U-48
302:and
299:Lion
233:Asie
157:The
79:1987
40:ways
31:The
593:MS
584:MS
575:MS
566:SS
557:SS
548:SS
542:SS
534:SS
525:SS
519:SS
349:SS
67:in
1063::
1026:,
963:.
825:.
735:^
666:^
639:^
610:^
405:.
364:,
319:.
296:,
290:,
284:,
90:,
1051:.
974:.
929:.
835:.
807:.
747:.
730:.
682:.
661:.
634:.
65:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
