228:
488:
614:
4319:
272:
829:, and had similar origins as an obscure descriptor with vaguely religious overtones. It was bestowed on some women of the Imperial dynasties, as an indicator of worldly power and influence and a status near to divinity. There was no qualification with higher prestige. The title or honorific was shared by state goddesses associated with the Imperial regime's generosity and provision, such as
29:
392:
on 16 January 27 BC – or perhaps the Senate ratified his own careful choice; "Romulus" had been considered, and rejected. This name was deemed too blatant as it would make
Octavius the second founder of Rome. So his official renaming in a form vaguely associated with a traditionally Republican
227:
1247:. Haverfield surmises that the choice of "Augustus" as the name might also have meant to overshadow the legend "AUG" on coins issued by his defeated enemy Pompey' – where "AUG" signifies Pompey's status as an augur, defeated with the help of Augustus' superior augury.
328:, who had been murdered for his seeming aspiration to divine monarchy, then subsequently and officially deified. Octavian studiously avoided any association with Caesar's claims, other than acknowledging his position and duties as
425:, which continued until the official replacement of Rome's traditional religions by Christianity. The religious ambiguity of the title allowed for this kind of deification throughout the empire as subjects – beginning from
140:. Their use as titles for major and minor Roman deities of the Empire associated the imperial system and family with traditional Roman virtues and the divine will and may be considered a feature of the
397:, may have served to show that he owed his position to the approval of Rome and its gods, and possibly his own unique, elevated, "godlike" nature and talents. His full and official title thus became
126:) in 27 BC, marking his accession as Rome's first emperor. On his death, it became an official title of his successor, and was so used by all emperors thereafter. The feminine form
259:(Roman household gods). In Latin poetry and prose, it signifies the further elevation or augmentation of what is already sacred or religious. Some Roman sources connected it to
904:(Emperor-Augustus of the Romans and Franks) in 966), which would soon reach the medieval apex of its power. By the 12th century, the standard style of the Emperor had become
4358:
1119:
1561:
3987:
334:("son of the deified one"). Nevertheless, his position was unique and extraordinary. He had ended Rome's prolonged and bloody civil war with his victory at
1164:
4172:
562:('ever Augustus'), which indicates a formalisation of the name in the late 3rd and early 4th centuries. From the reign of Constantine onwards, the
4351:
3597:
900:. The relative simplicity of the style and absence of any mention of Rome was in deference to Byzantium (although he would briefly use the title
849:, and by local or minor goddesses around the empire. Other personifications perceived as essentially female and given the title Augusta include
1448:
132:
was used for Roman empresses and other female members of the imperial family. The masculine and feminine forms originated in the time of the
1990:
2032:
2020:
5024:
4344:
2079:
1386:
421:. This extension of an Imperial honorific to major and minor deities of Rome and her provinces is considered a ground-level feature of
4932:
702:
1995:
1408:
4469:
3367:
2005:
1338:
From Jesus to
Christianity: How Four Generations of Visionaries & Storytellers Created the New Testament and Christian Faith
3312:
2000:
1734:
3282:
2107:
1634:
1075:
915:("ever exalted") when translated into German in the late period of the Holy Roman Empire was not rendered literally, but as
4992:
3372:
3247:
2400:
4208:
4139:
4038:
1953:
1129:
5055:
4987:
4441:
4003:
3624:
3405:
1624:
1345:
1320:
1365:
4912:
4862:
4367:
3292:
2052:
1619:
1614:
1590:
1441:
89:
206:. As such, Augustus was sometimes also used as a name for men of aristocratic birth, especially in the lands of the
4297:
3307:
1980:
1629:
1556:
191:
4937:
4902:
4303:
4008:
1573:
1506:
1040:
908:(By the grace of God, Emperor of the Romans, ever Augustus) and would remain so until at least the 16th century.
744:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4267:
4182:
3602:
2327:
2252:
2010:
1291:
1266:
1023:
255:
was an obscure honorific with religious associations. One early context (58 BC) associates it with provincial
5050:
4897:
4272:
2823:
492:
4907:
4089:
3565:
2663:
2267:
1719:
1434:
743:
lost importance. Until
Heraclius's 629 reforms, royal titles had been eschewed in Rome since the legendary
422:
141:
1218:
4681:
4262:
3856:
3846:
3646:
3362:
3287:
3046:
2102:
1985:
1531:
551:
4435:
4079:
3831:
3736:
3636:
3322:
2986:
2878:
2648:
2420:
2242:
2150:
2015:
1958:
1240:
1195:
893:
675:
of the eastern and western provinces were of equal standing. The last emperor proclaimed in the West,
4050:
3955:
3836:
3342:
2435:
2390:
2317:
2237:
2185:
2175:
2127:
1474:
22:
5060:
4257:
4167:
3945:
3930:
3851:
3787:
3531:
3524:
2943:
2853:
2362:
2342:
2337:
2322:
2275:
2215:
2170:
1972:
394:
137:
100:
4279:
5045:
4376:
4228:
3980:
3960:
3940:
3868:
3756:
3692:
3352:
3332:
3272:
3262:
3252:
2658:
2347:
2247:
2227:
2142:
2132:
1837:
1777:
1757:
1469:
1067:
415:
4493:
4023:
3950:
3424:
3398:
3357:
3347:
3297:
3277:
3091:
3066:
3031:
2913:
2638:
2285:
2047:
1578:
706:
172:
1308:
1061:
4967:
4960:
4711:
4498:
4475:
4233:
3682:
3677:
3327:
3257:
3081:
2833:
2633:
2628:
2425:
2332:
2257:
2220:
2205:
2180:
2160:
2062:
721:
654:
618:
598:
574:
555:
211:
4794:
4729:
4699:
4574:
4557:
4203:
4127:
3841:
3741:
3629:
3337:
3302:
2991:
2858:
2758:
2683:
2548:
2511:
1887:
1551:
1124:
951:
854:
752:
2981:
8:
4977:
4955:
4857:
4463:
4402:
4062:
3818:
3777:
3267:
3116:
2918:
2788:
2738:
2057:
1654:
748:
735:
550:, Diocletian retained legislative power. Diocletian and his eventual successor after the
487:
128:
115:
1146:, Brill, 1993, p. 37 footnote 23, citing epigraphic evidence from the Roman province of
454:
was a titular element of the imperial name. Subsequently, the title was bestowed by the
5005:
4982:
4569:
4289:
3536:
3506:
3317:
3041:
2848:
2703:
2643:
2563:
2506:
2370:
1606:
1585:
676:
435:
195:
2956:
970:
of the whole of north-west Europe"), the only Irish king to receive that distinction.
516:
and commemorated annually. From the 3rd century, new emperors were often acclaimed as
5065:
4877:
4687:
4594:
4487:
4458:
4452:
4324:
4056:
3909:
3904:
3792:
3772:
3726:
3721:
3714:
3662:
3590:
3391:
2951:
2803:
2558:
2518:
2496:
1704:
1380:
1341:
1316:
1287:
1262:
1071:
1019:
830:
410:
207:
4336:
408:
as a near ubiquitous title or honour for various minor local deities, including the
4826:
4723:
4539:
4481:
4446:
4430:
4121:
3826:
3687:
3672:
3560:
3519:
3497:
3486:
3016:
2976:
2908:
2843:
2768:
2763:
2535:
2458:
2405:
2200:
2195:
2084:
1943:
1892:
1852:
1817:
1812:
1802:
1724:
1671:
1664:
1649:
1644:
1568:
1496:
1400:
1045:
994:
943:
838:
815:
791:
346:
340:
335:
276:
168:
57:
338:, and established a lasting peace. He was self-evidently favoured by the gods. As
4762:
4717:
4641:
4584:
4551:
4105:
3751:
3731:
3709:
3585:
3111:
2923:
2903:
2863:
2798:
2748:
2743:
2618:
2568:
2476:
2310:
2290:
2210:
1659:
1484:
850:
698:
459:
948:
ardrí Gaidhel Erenn & Gall & Bretan, August iartair tuaiscirt Eorpa uile
324:. He was the grand-nephew and later posthumously adopted as the son and heir of
4693:
4521:
4198:
4013:
3881:
3813:
3782:
3667:
3549:
3457:
3166:
2808:
2543:
2491:
2463:
2410:
2395:
2375:
2190:
2165:
2122:
2112:
1938:
1912:
1842:
1827:
1792:
1752:
1513:
1147:
861:
563:
526:
344:("first man or head of the senate") he presided at senatorial meetings. He was
148:
133:
106:
3935:
263:, and Rome was said to have been founded with the "august augury" of Romulus.
175:
in 1453, although they gradually lost their imperial exclusivity in favour of
5039:
5011:
4841:
4816:
4735:
4626:
4515:
4422:
4284:
4115:
4044:
3555:
3514:
3479:
2698:
2668:
2583:
2117:
2094:
1907:
1762:
1747:
1694:
1501:
963:
325:
317:
111:
4238:
4804:
4618:
4533:
4384:
4111:
3704:
3699:
3641:
3577:
3543:
3176:
3036:
2481:
2430:
2385:
2380:
2232:
2042:
1928:
1872:
1867:
1639:
1523:
1457:
1361:
642:
512:
470:
455:
389:
364:
351:
4999:
4589:
4579:
4527:
3914:
3896:
3746:
3472:
2971:
2593:
2415:
2305:
1699:
1209:
959:
885:
450:
in his will. From then on, though it conferred no specific legal powers,
330:
199:
194:, the title "Augustus" would later be incorporated into the style of the
28:
613:
4799:
4741:
4563:
4177:
3886:
3876:
3196:
3136:
3101:
2893:
2828:
2818:
2713:
2598:
2486:
2069:
2037:
1782:
1709:
1541:
1536:
1165:
See entry at Lewis and Short's Latin dictionary, online at perseus.org.
984:
932:
919:("ever Increaser of the Realm"), from the transitive verbal meaning of
772:
633:
535:
521:
469:), the title was unique to its bearer; in 161 Marcus Aurelius elevated
363:
equal to the official chief executive. He was supreme commander of all
360:
183:
33:
1426:
3808:
3465:
3226:
3221:
3181:
3106:
3076:
3056:
2933:
2873:
2783:
2733:
2728:
2653:
2613:
2501:
2471:
2280:
2155:
1948:
1832:
1807:
1686:
726:
710:
603:
587:
579:
531:
4821:
4789:
4705:
4636:
4545:
4388:
4133:
3444:
3414:
3186:
3171:
3161:
3146:
3061:
3051:
3021:
3011:
3006:
2996:
2898:
2813:
2693:
2678:
2608:
2588:
2578:
2573:
2553:
2352:
1933:
1897:
1787:
1714:
1546:
989:
865:
834:
786:
627:
447:
430:
355:
321:
311:
251:
Some thirty years before its first association with Caesar's heir,
232:
177:
153:
123:
119:
4509:
4503:
4412:
3206:
3201:
3191:
3156:
3151:
3141:
3086:
3071:
2888:
2883:
2868:
2838:
2793:
2773:
2753:
2708:
2440:
2295:
2074:
1882:
1877:
1767:
979:
842:
806:
became the exclusive title of the emperor after the 8th century.
414:
of local communities, and obscure provincial deities such as the
369:
316:
The first true Roman known as "Augustus" (and first counted as a
586:
was abandoned as the translation of "Augustus" in favour of the
373:("tribunician power"). As a tribune, his person was inviolable (
110:; "majestic", "great" or "venerable") was the main title of the
4872:
4867:
4836:
4809:
4767:
4600:
3216:
3096:
3026:
2966:
2961:
2928:
2688:
2673:
2623:
2603:
2025:
1902:
1797:
1184:
1160:
658:
639:ΒΑCΙΛΕΥC ΚΑΙ ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤΩΡ ΡΩΜΑΙΩΝ Ο ΠΑΛΑΙΟΛΟΓΟC ΚΑΙ ΑΕΙ ΑΥΓΟΥCΤΟC
260:
4407:
4084:
3001:
2723:
2450:
1742:
1244:
955:
869:
714:
591:
567:
271:
256:
162:
60:
4831:
4781:
4657:
4380:
3383:
3211:
2778:
2718:
2300:
1676:
426:
378:
136:, in connection with things considered divine or sacred in
78:
1772:
846:
690:
not only as a title, but also as a proper name (becoming
69:
66:
530:(originally a family name) as part of their titles. The
1163:, before its use by Octavian, later known as Augustus.
4366:
860:
The first woman to receive the honorific
Augusta was
90:
81:
72:
1286:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. p. 90.
506:
The date of an emperor's investiture with the title
75:
381:any act or proposal by any magistrate within Rome.
63:
1193:"Augusto augurio postquam incluta condita Romast".
151:-speaking provinces, "Augustus" was translated as
3423:Gaius Octavius · Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (
404:Augustus' religious reforms extended or affirmed
5037:
892:as a prefix to his titles. The style assumed by
439:or soul of Augustus, establishing a ruler-cult.
350:, chief priest of Roman state religion. He held
906:Dei gratia Romanorum imperator semper Augustus
637:of the Romans, Palaiologos, always Augustus" (
4352:
3399:
1442:
1340:. San Francisco: HarperCollins. p. 44.
671:without reserve' in 364, the concurrent
167:); these titles continued to be used in the
662:
5025:Knowledge:WikiProject Royalty and Nobility
4359:
4345:
3406:
3392:
1449:
1435:
1117:
868:. From his death (14 AD) she was known as
484:and both bore the title at the same time.
1059:
902:imperator Augustus Romanorum ac Francorum
118:. It was given as both name and title to
1281:
612:
486:
270:
226:
217:
27:
1456:
1063:The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
794:until its extinction in 1453, although
770:were respectively rendered in Greek as
442:The first emperor bequeathed the title
5038:
1385:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1306:
1256:
1231:Haverfield, F J, "The name Augustus",
1175:Haverfield, F J, "The name Augustus",
1144:Nemesis, the Roman state and the games
809:
4340:
3387:
1430:
1335:
1313:The Imperial Families of Ancient Rome
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1013:
790:). The Greek titles were used in the
705:, the 7th century final phase of the
399:Imperator Caesar Divi Filius Augustus
266:
105:
4993:List of current constituent monarchs
1241:available from penelope.uchicago.edu
1205:
1203:
1196:available from penelope.uchicago.edu
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
880:
692:Romulus Augustus pius felix Augustus
393:religiosity, but unprecedented as a
13:
4988:List of current sovereign monarchs
4442:Imperial and Most Faithful Majesty
1411:from the original on 15 March 2009
1261:. London: Routledge. p. 770.
864:, by the last will of her husband
798:lost its imperial exclusivity and
446:to his adopted heir and successor
300:
14:
5077:
4863:Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques
4368:Imperial, royal, and noble styles
1284:The Religions of the Roman Empire
1200:
1084:
703:Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628
288:
222:
4318:
4317:
4298:Felicior Augusto, melior Traiano
1016:Longman pronunciation dictionary
872:, until her own death in AD 29.
625:1404. The Greek text call hims "
303:
296:
192:fall of the Western Roman Empire
56:
21:For other uses of Augustus, see
4009:Augustan and Julio-Claudian art
1393:
1368:from the original on 2017-05-27
1354:
1329:
1300:
1275:
1250:
1159:It appears as such in works of
745:overthrow of the Roman monarchy
681:
498:
475:
464:
281:
237:
4978:Defender of the Holy Sepulchre
1225:
1169:
1153:
1136:
1053:
1041:"Augustus, Augusta, as titles"
1033:
1007:
739: "monarch" and the title
621:in a Byzantine miniature from
292:
120:Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus
1:
1213:
1000:
942:– 1014) was described in the
936:
926:
875:
825:was the female equivalent of
622:
433:– adopted the worship of the
157:(Σεβαστός), or Hellenised as
122:(often referred to simply as
3413:
2021:Frontiers and fortifications
1183:(1915), pp. 249–250, citing
1018:. Harlow, England: Longman.
755:in the late 6th century BC.
727:
604:
580:
7:
4682:Imperial and Royal Highness
2080:Decorations and punishments
973:
697:After the victory over the
552:civil wars of the Tetrarchy
10:
5082:
4436:Imperial and Royal Majesty
3737:Library of Palatine Apollo
2987:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
1562:historiography of the fall
1336:White, L. Michael (2005).
1259:The Roman World, Volume II
1118:Strothmann, Meret (2006).
1060:Nicholson, Oliver (2018).
917:allzeit Mehrer des Reiches
813:
715:
592:
568:
524:. Emperors also inherited
384:He was officially renamed
377:) and he had the right to
309:
163:
138:traditional Roman religion
20:
5056:Styles (forms of address)
5020:
4948:
4890:
4850:
4780:
4755:
4674:
4650:
4617:
4610:
4421:
4395:
4374:
4312:
4247:
4221:
4191:
4160:
4153:
4098:
4072:
4031:
4022:
3996:
3973:
3923:
3895:
3867:
3801:
3765:
3655:
3617:
3576:
3505:
3496:
3436:
3421:
3368:External wars and battles
3235:
3129:
2942:
2534:
2527:
2449:
2361:
2266:
2141:
2093:
1971:
1921:
1860:
1851:
1733:
1685:
1605:
1522:
1492:
1483:
1465:
538:shared power between two
275:A silver coin of emperor
23:Augustus (disambiguation)
1307:Craven, Maxwell (2019).
1233:Journal of Roman Studies
1177:Journal of Roman Studies
923:"to augment, increase".
3982:Res Gestae Divi Augusti
3757:Caesareum of Alexandria
3363:Roman–Iranian relations
1838:Optimates and populares
1282:Ferguson, John (1985).
1068:Oxford University Press
1014:Wells, John C. (1990).
758:The Imperial titles of
4983:Great Catholic Monarch
4494:Most Excellent Majesty
4470:Most Christian Majesty
3625:Constitutional Reforms
3373:Civil wars and revolts
2639:Sextus Pompeius Festus
2286:Conflict of the Orders
1645:Legislative assemblies
1401:"The Annals of Ulster"
1120:"Augustus [2]"
713:introduced the Greek:
663:
650:
558:, both used the title
510:was celebrated as the
503:
307:
248:
173:Fall of Constantinople
40:
4968:Defender of the Faith
4961:Divine right of kings
4712:Ducal Serene Highness
4534:Most Eminent Highness
4499:Most Gracious Majesty
4476:Most Faithful Majesty
4280:Roman Temple of Évora
3678:Porticus Argonautarum
3532:Liberators' Civil War
3082:Simplicius of Cilicia
2834:Quintus Curtius Rufus
2063:Siege in Ancient Rome
1672:Executive magistrates
1257:Wacher, John (2002).
1243:Octavian was also an
1239:(1915), pp. 249–250,
890:serenissimus Augustus
814:Further information:
655:Valentinian the Great
619:Manuel II Palaiologos
616:
556:Constantine the Great
490:
458:. Until the reign of
274:
230:
218:Title in ancient Rome
204:serenissimus Augustus
198:, a precedent set by
38:diocletianus augustus
31:
5051:Ancient Roman titles
4795:Duli Yang Maha Mulia
4730:Illustrious Highness
4700:Grand Ducal Highness
4558:Illustrious Highness
4254:Temples of Augustus
4204:Gaius Julius Hyginus
4032:Parents and siblings
3802:Religious structures
3742:Theatre of Marcellus
3618:Legislative activity
3092:Stephanus Byzantinus
2997:Eusebius of Caesaria
2859:Sidonius Apollinaris
2549:Ammianus Marcellinus
1888:Tribune of the plebs
1309:"Romulus Augustulus"
1142:Hornum, Michael B.,
1070:. pp. 534–536.
931:The Irish High King
753:Lucius Junius Brutus
661:, whom he raised to
245:ti divi f — augustus
107:[au̯ˈɡʊstʊs]
32:Coin of the emperor
4956:By the Grace of God
4304:Cultural depictions
4063:Octavia the Younger
3988:Memoirs of Augustus
3819:Basilica of Neptune
3778:Gardens of Maecenas
3268:Distinguished women
2919:Velleius Paterculus
2759:Nicolaus Damascenus
2739:Marcellus Empiricus
2128:Republican currency
810:Feminine equivalent
749:Tarquinius Superbus
546:. Nevertheless, as
370:tribunicia potestas
202:who used the title
142:Roman imperial cult
16:Ancient Roman title
5006:Translatio imperii
4290:Sodales Augustales
3507:Second Triumvirate
3042:Phlegon of Tralles
2849:Seneca the Younger
2323:Naming conventions
2053:Personal equipment
1586:Later Roman Empire
1315:. Fonthill Media.
1191:, 245 M. (494 V.)
898:imperator Augustus
707:Roman–Persian Wars
664:Augustus pari iure
651:
504:
308:
267:Imperial honorific
249:
196:Holy Roman Emperor
41:
5033:
5032:
4886:
4885:
4878:Sultanic Highness
4776:
4775:
4751:
4750:
4688:Imperial Highness
4670:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4488:Britannic Majesty
4459:Catholic Monarchs
4453:Apostolic Majesty
4334:
4333:
4217:
4216:
4149:
4148:
4057:Octavia the Elder
4047:(adoptive father)
3969:
3968:
3910:Via Julia Augusta
3905:Milliarium Aureum
3857:Rome and Augustus
3847:Castor and Pollux
3793:Villa of Augustus
3773:House of Augustus
3727:Porticus of Livia
3722:Porticus Octaviae
3715:Porticus Vipsania
3663:Forum of Augustus
3613:
3612:
3592:Bellum Batonianum
3381:
3380:
3343:Pontifices maximi
3125:
3124:
2982:Diogenes Laërtius
2804:Pliny the Younger
2559:Asconius Pedianus
2519:Romance languages
2391:Civil engineering
2133:Imperial currency
2006:Political control
1967:
1966:
1601:
1600:
1125:Brill's New Pauly
1077:978-0-19-256246-3
881:Holy Roman Empire
738:
724:
640:
601:
577:
286:276–282), marked
208:Holy Roman Empire
5073:
4858:Amir al-Mu'minin
4848:
4847:
4756:Specific culture
4753:
4752:
4672:
4671:
4615:
4614:
4608:
4607:
4575:Most Illustrious
4540:Exalted Highness
4482:Orthodox Majesty
4464:Catholic Majesty
4447:Imperial Majesty
4377:Forms of address
4361:
4354:
4347:
4338:
4337:
4321:
4320:
4158:
4157:
4122:Agrippa Postumus
4029:
4028:
3832:Apollo Palatinus
3763:
3762:
3688:Solarium Augusti
3673:Baths of Agrippa
3503:
3502:
3498:Wars of Augustus
3487:Pontifex maximus
3408:
3401:
3394:
3385:
3384:
3333:Magistri equitum
3248:Cities and towns
3241:
3167:Constantinopolis
2977:Diodorus Siculus
2909:Valerius Maximus
2844:Seneca the Elder
2764:Nonius Marcellus
2532:
2531:
2085:Hippika gymnasia
2048:Infantry tactics
1954:Consular tribune
1944:Magister equitum
1893:Military tribune
1858:
1857:
1818:Pontifex maximus
1813:Princeps senatus
1803:Magister militum
1569:Byzantine Empire
1490:
1489:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1428:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1384:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1254:
1248:
1229:
1223:
1215:
1207:
1198:
1173:
1167:
1157:
1151:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1128:. Archived from
1115:
1082:
1081:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1046:Oxford Reference
1037:
1031:
1030:entry "Augustus"
1029:
1011:
995:List of Augustae
958:of Ireland, the
944:Annals of Ulster
941:
938:
816:List of Augustae
792:Byzantine Empire
734:
732:
720:
718:
717:
685:
683:
666:
657:and his brother
638:
624:
609:
597:
595:
594:
585:
573:
571:
570:
501:
500:
491:Coin of emperor
479:
477:
468:
466:
419:Marazgu Augustus
347:pontifex maximus
341:princeps senatus
306:
305:
302:
298:
294:
290:
285:
283:
246:
241:
239:
169:Byzantine Empire
166:
165:
109:
104:
94:
88:
87:
84:
83:
80:
77:
74:
71:
68:
65:
62:
39:
5081:
5080:
5076:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5071:
5070:
5061:Imperial titles
5036:
5035:
5034:
5029:
5016:
4944:
4882:
4846:
4772:
4747:
4718:Serene Highness
4662:
4646:
4606:
4597:(The Much Hon.)
4585:Hochwohlgeboren
4552:Serene Highness
4417:
4391:
4370:
4365:
4335:
4330:
4308:
4243:
4213:
4187:
4173:Piso Caesoninus
4145:
4094:
4068:
4018:
3992:
3965:
3919:
3891:
3863:
3837:Apollo Sosianus
3797:
3761:
3752:Tropaeum Alpium
3732:Macellum Liviae
3710:Campus Agrippae
3651:
3609:
3586:Cantabrian Wars
3572:
3492:
3432:
3431:Caesar Augustus
3417:
3412:
3382:
3377:
3239:
3237:
3231:
3121:
2957:Aëtius of Amida
2938:
2924:Verrius Flaccus
2904:Valerius Antias
2864:Silius Italicus
2799:Pliny the Elder
2744:Marcus Aurelius
2619:Cornelius Nepos
2569:Aurelius Victor
2523:
2445:
2357:
2291:Secessio plebis
2262:
2137:
2089:
1963:
1917:
1847:
1729:
1681:
1597:
1518:
1479:
1461:
1455:
1425:
1424:
1414:
1412:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1378:
1377:
1371:
1369:
1362:"Archived copy"
1360:
1359:
1355:
1348:
1334:
1330:
1323:
1305:
1301:
1294:
1280:
1276:
1269:
1255:
1251:
1230:
1226:
1208:
1201:
1174:
1170:
1158:
1154:
1141:
1137:
1116:
1085:
1078:
1058:
1054:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1026:
1012:
1008:
1003:
976:
939:
929:
913:semper Augustus
911:The formula of
888:used the title
883:
878:
818:
812:
699:Sasanian Empire
680:
653:Beginning with
647:semper Augustus
560:semper Augustus
548:Augustus senior
496:
495:with the title
474:
463:
460:Marcus Aurelius
314:
287:
280:
269:
244:
236:
231:A gold coin of
225:
220:
210:. It remains a
101:Classical Latin
99:
92:
59:
55:
37:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5079:
5069:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5046:Roman emperors
5031:
5030:
5028:
5027:
5021:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5014:
5009:
5002:
4997:
4996:
4995:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4972:Fidei defensor
4965:
4964:
4963:
4952:
4950:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4942:
4941:
4940:
4935:
4928:United Kingdom
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4894:
4892:
4888:
4887:
4884:
4883:
4881:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4854:
4852:
4845:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4813:
4812:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4786:
4784:
4778:
4777:
4774:
4773:
4771:
4770:
4765:
4759:
4757:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4745:
4739:
4733:
4727:
4721:
4715:
4709:
4703:
4697:
4694:Royal Highness
4691:
4685:
4678:
4676:
4668:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4654:
4652:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4623:
4621:
4612:
4605:
4604:
4598:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4570:Most Excellent
4567:
4561:
4555:
4549:
4543:
4537:
4531:
4525:
4522:Royal Highness
4519:
4513:
4507:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4485:
4479:
4473:
4467:
4461:
4456:
4450:
4444:
4439:
4433:
4427:
4425:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4392:
4375:
4372:
4371:
4364:
4363:
4356:
4349:
4341:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4328:
4313:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4301:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4282:
4277:
4276:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4251:
4249:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4199:Julius Licinus
4195:
4193:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4164:
4162:
4155:
4151:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4142:(stepdaughter)
4137:
4131:
4125:
4119:
4109:
4102:
4100:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4076:
4074:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4060:
4054:
4048:
4042:
4039:Gaius Octavius
4035:
4033:
4026:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4014:Gaius Maecenas
4011:
4006:
4000:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3901:
3899:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3884:
3882:Aqua Alsietina
3879:
3873:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3805:
3803:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3783:Palazzo a Mare
3780:
3775:
3769:
3767:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3696:
3695:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3668:Campus Martius
3665:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3637:Coinage reform
3634:
3627:
3621:
3619:
3615:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3595:
3588:
3582:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3553:
3550:Bellum Siculum
3546:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3525:Forum Gallorum
3522:
3511:
3509:
3500:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3483:
3476:
3469:
3462:
3455:
3448:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3433:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3411:
3410:
3403:
3396:
3388:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3244:
3242:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2948:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2809:Pomponius Mela
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2544:Aelius Donatus
2540:
2538:
2529:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2512:Ecclesiastical
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2466:
2461:
2455:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2367:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2272:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2253:Toys and games
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2147:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2099:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2035:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1793:Vigintisexviri
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1753:Cursus honorum
1750:
1745:
1739:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1691:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1611:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1552:Western Empire
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1528:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1454:
1453:
1446:
1439:
1431:
1423:
1422:
1392:
1353:
1347:978-0060816100
1346:
1328:
1322:978-1781557389
1321:
1299:
1292:
1274:
1267:
1249:
1224:
1199:
1168:
1152:
1148:Cisalpine Gaul
1135:
1132:on 2023-03-15.
1083:
1076:
1052:
1032:
1024:
1005:
1004:
1002:
999:
998:
997:
992:
987:
982:
975:
972:
928:
925:
882:
879:
877:
874:
862:Livia Drusilla
811:
808:
709:, the emperor
684: 475–476
534:instituted by
478: 161–169
467: 161–180
375:sacrosanctitas
268:
265:
242:14–37) marked
224:
223:Earliest usage
221:
219:
216:
134:Roman Republic
112:Roman emperors
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5078:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5013:
5012:Victory title
5010:
5008:
5007:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4994:
4991:
4990:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4973:
4969:
4966:
4962:
4959:
4958:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4947:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4930:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4889:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4849:
4843:
4842:Son of Heaven
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4817:King of Kings
4815:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4783:
4779:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4754:
4743:
4740:
4737:
4734:
4731:
4728:
4725:
4722:
4719:
4716:
4713:
4710:
4707:
4704:
4701:
4698:
4695:
4692:
4689:
4686:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4673:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4649:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4627:Pater Patriae
4625:
4624:
4622:
4620:
4616:
4613:
4609:
4602:
4599:
4596:
4595:Much Honoured
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4565:
4562:
4559:
4556:
4553:
4550:
4547:
4544:
4541:
4538:
4535:
4532:
4529:
4526:
4523:
4520:
4517:
4514:
4511:
4508:
4505:
4504:Royal Majesty
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4489:
4486:
4483:
4480:
4477:
4474:
4471:
4468:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4424:
4420:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4403:Nəgusä Nägäst
4401:
4400:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4373:
4369:
4362:
4357:
4355:
4350:
4348:
4343:
4342:
4339:
4327:
4326:
4322:
4315:
4314:
4311:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4286:
4285:Imperial cult
4283:
4281:
4278:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4220:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4190:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4159:
4156:
4152:
4141:
4138:
4135:
4132:
4129:
4126:
4123:
4120:
4117:
4113:
4110:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4097:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4071:
4064:
4061:
4058:
4055:
4052:
4049:
4046:
4045:Julius Caesar
4043:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4021:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3866:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3575:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3557:
3556:War of Actium
3554:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3515:War of Mutina
3513:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3480:Pater patriae
3477:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3430:
3426:
3420:
3416:
3409:
3404:
3402:
3397:
3395:
3390:
3389:
3386:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3234:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2699:Julius Paulus
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2634:Fabius Pictor
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2520:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2371:Amphitheatres
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2108:Deforestation
2106:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2058:Siege engines
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1991:Establishment
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1922:Extraordinary
1920:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1908:Promagistrate
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1695:Twelve Tables
1693:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1459:
1452:
1447:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1388:
1382:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1349:
1343:
1339:
1332:
1324:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1303:
1295:
1289:
1285:
1278:
1270:
1264:
1260:
1253:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1221:
1220:
1219:Roman History
1211:
1206:
1204:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1149:
1145:
1139:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1079:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1056:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1036:
1027:
1021:
1017:
1010:
1006:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
977:
971:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
934:
924:
922:
918:
914:
909:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
873:
871:
870:Julia Augusta
867:
863:
858:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
823:
817:
807:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
788:
783:
779:
775:
774:
769:
765:
761:
756:
754:
750:
747:'s last king
746:
742:
737:
731:
730:
723:
712:
708:
704:
700:
695:
693:
689:
678:
674:
670:
665:
660:
656:
648:
644:
641:), after the
636:
635:
630:
629:
620:
615:
611:
608:
607:
600:
589:
584:
583:
576:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
528:
523:
519:
515:
514:
509:
494:
489:
485:
483:
472:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
440:
438:
437:
432:
428:
424:
423:Imperial cult
420:
417:
416:North African
413:
412:
411:Lares Augusti
407:
402:
400:
396:
391:
387:
382:
380:
376:
372:
371:
366:
365:Roman legions
362:
358:
357:
353:
349:
348:
343:
342:
337:
333:
332:
327:
326:Julius Caesar
323:
319:
318:Roman emperor
313:
278:
273:
264:
262:
258:
254:
247:
234:
229:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
188:
186:
185:
180:
179:
174:
170:
160:
156:
155:
150:
145:
143:
139:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
117:
113:
108:
102:
97:
96:
86:
53:
52:
47:
46:
35:
30:
24:
19:
5004:
4971:
4631:
4619:Ancient Rome
4323:
4316:
4296:
4234:Via Labicana
4209:Epaphroditus
3981:
3788:Villa Giulia
3705:Diribitorium
3700:Saepta Julia
3642:Bierzo Edict
3631:leges Juliae
3630:
3598:Germanic War
3591:
3578:Roman Empire
3548:
3544:Perusine War
3485:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3458:
3451:
3450:
3443:
3428:
3313:Institutions
3177:Leptis Magna
3130:Major cities
3037:Philostratus
2824:Quadrigarius
2644:Rufus Festus
2507:Contemporary
2228:Romanization
2151:Architecture
1822:
1758:Collegiality
1607:Constitution
1458:Ancient Rome
1413:. Retrieved
1404:
1395:
1370:. Retrieved
1356:
1337:
1331:
1312:
1302:
1283:
1277:
1258:
1252:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1217:
1192:
1188:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1155:
1143:
1138:
1130:the original
1123:
1062:
1055:
1044:
1035:
1015:
1009:
967:
947:
930:
920:
916:
912:
910:
905:
901:
897:
889:
884:
859:
853:(peace) and
826:
821:
820:
819:
803:
799:
795:
785:
781:
777:
771:
767:
763:
759:
757:
740:
728:
696:
691:
687:
672:
668:
652:
646:
643:late antique
632:
626:
605:
581:
559:
547:
543:
539:
525:
517:
513:dies imperii
511:
507:
505:
493:Alexander II
481:
471:Lucius Verus
456:Roman Senate
451:
443:
441:
434:
418:
409:
405:
403:
398:
390:Roman Senate
385:
383:
374:
368:
354:
345:
339:
329:
315:
252:
250:
243:
203:
189:
182:
176:
158:
152:
146:
127:
50:
49:
44:
43:
42:
18:
5000:Sacred king
4908:Netherlands
4684:(HI&RH)
4675:Middle Ages
4590:Wohlgeboren
4580:Hochgeboren
4528:Monseigneur
4438:(HI&RM)
4229:Prima Porta
4128:Nero Drusus
3915:Via Augusta
3747:Roman Agora
3473:Divi filius
3308:Geographers
2992:Dioscorides
2972:Cassius Dio
2594:Cassiodorus
2497:Renaissance
2103:Agriculture
2075:Auxiliaries
2016:Engineering
1853:Magistrates
1705:Citizenship
1700:Mos maiorum
1635:Late Empire
1405:celt.ucc.ie
1210:Cassius Dio
886:Charlemagne
857:(victory).
802:along with
686:), adopted
367:, and held
331:Divi filius
214:for males.
200:Charlemagne
5040:Categories
4800:Great king
4742:Excellency
4603:(Millourt)
4564:Excellency
4239:Meroë Head
4178:Germanicus
4108:(daughter)
4004:Literature
3887:Aqua Julia
3877:Aqua Virgo
3842:Mars Ultor
3647:Propaganda
3566:Alexandria
3197:Mediolanum
3137:Alexandria
3102:Themistius
3067:Porphyrius
2894:Tertullian
2829:Quintilian
2819:Propertius
2714:Lactantius
2664:Fulgentius
2599:Censorinus
2421:Sanitation
2406:Metallurgy
2363:Technology
2328:Demography
2276:Patricians
2243:Spectacles
2201:Literature
2196:Hairstyles
2033:Technology
1783:Praefectus
1735:Government
1725:Litigation
1710:Auctoritas
1655:Centuriate
1542:Principate
1537:Pax Romana
1497:Foundation
1372:2017-05-23
1293:0801493110
1268:0415263166
1025:0582053838
1001:References
985:Auctoritas
940: 941
933:Brian Boru
927:Brian Boru
876:Other uses
800:autokratōr
773:autokratōr
634:autokrator
536:Diocletian
310:See also:
212:given name
190:After the
184:Autokrator
171:until the
147:In Rome's
34:Diocletian
4891:Countries
4611:Antiquity
4273:Barcelona
4222:Portraits
4183:Marcellus
4136:(adopted)
4130:(stepson)
4124:(adopted)
4118:(adopted)
4090:Scribonia
3869:Aqueducts
3809:Ara Pacis
3683:Mausoleum
3656:Buildings
3603:Teutoburg
3466:Imperator
3429:Imperator
3353:Quaestors
3283:Empresses
3273:Dynasties
3263:Dictators
3238:and other
3227:Volubilis
3222:Vindobona
3182:Londinium
3107:Theodoret
3077:Procopius
3057:Polyaenus
3032:Pausanias
2934:Vitruvius
2879:Symmachus
2874:Suetonius
2784:Petronius
2769:Obsequens
2734:Macrobius
2729:Lucretius
2654:Frontinus
2629:Eutropius
2614:Columella
2564:Augustine
2554:Appuleius
2502:Neo-Latin
2477:Classical
2468:Versions
2376:Aqueducts
2318:Patronage
2238:Sexuality
2211:Mythology
2186:Education
2176:Cosmetics
2001:Campaigns
1996:Structure
1949:Decemviri
1808:Imperator
1507:overthrow
952:High King
782:augoustos
760:imperator
741:Augoustos
722:translit.
711:Heraclius
645:formula "
606:aúgoustos
599:translit.
593:Αὔγουστος
588:homophone
575:translit.
532:Tetrarchy
497:augustos
361:authority
164:Αὔγουστος
159:Augoustos
116:Antiquity
36:, marked
5066:Augustus
4949:See also
4938:Scotland
4913:Portugal
4822:Maharaja
4790:Baghatur
4732:(HIll.H)
4724:Serenity
4706:Highness
4637:Sebastos
4632:Augustus
4560:(HIll.H)
4546:Highness
4431:Holiness
4389:nobility
4325:Category
4192:Freedmen
4168:Agrippa
4161:Generals
4140:Cornelia
4134:Tiberius
4099:Children
4065:(sister)
4059:(sister)
4053:(mother)
4041:(father)
3852:Augustus
3823:Temples
3814:Pantheon
3537:Philippi
3452:Augustus
3445:Princeps
3425:Octavian
3415:Augustus
3358:Tribunes
3348:Praetors
3298:Generals
3278:Emperors
3187:Lugdunum
3172:Eboracum
3162:Carthage
3147:Aquileia
3062:Polybius
3052:Plutarch
3022:Libanius
3012:Josephus
3007:Herodian
2899:Tibullus
2814:Priscian
2789:Phaedrus
2749:Manilius
2694:Jordanes
2679:Hydatius
2609:Claudian
2589:Catullus
2579:Boëthius
2574:Ausonius
2492:Medieval
2464:Alphabet
2436:Theatres
2411:Numerals
2396:Concrete
2386:Circuses
2353:Bagaudae
2343:Adoption
2338:Marriage
2311:Assembly
2216:Religion
2191:Folklore
2171:Clothing
2166:Calendar
2123:Currency
2113:Commerce
2011:Strategy
1973:Military
1959:Triumvir
1939:Dictator
1934:Interrex
1913:Governor
1898:Quaestor
1861:Ordinary
1843:Province
1833:Tetrarch
1823:Augustus
1788:Vicarius
1778:Officium
1715:Imperium
1665:Plebeian
1625:Republic
1547:Dominate
1514:Republic
1475:Timeline
1415:30 March
1409:Archived
1381:cite web
1366:Archived
1222:, 53.16.
990:Basileus
974:See also
968:Augustus
962:and the
960:Norsemen
866:Augustus
855:Victoria
835:Bona Dea
827:Augustus
804:basileus
796:sebastos
787:sebastos
768:augustus
729:basileús
716:βασιλεύς
688:Augustus
669:Augustus
628:basileus
617:Emperor
582:Sebastós
569:Σεβαστός
544:Caesares
542:and two
508:Augustus
482:Augustus
452:Augustus
448:Tiberius
444:Augustus
431:Bithynia
395:cognomen
386:Augustus
356:imperium
352:consular
322:Octavian
312:Sebastos
295:·probus·
253:augustus
233:Tiberius
178:Basileus
154:Sebastos
124:Augustus
48:(plural
45:Augustus
4903:Georgia
4851:Islamic
4651:Georgia
4642:Dominus
4510:Majesty
4423:Western
4413:Pharaoh
4385:royalty
4080:Claudia
3997:Culture
3766:Palaces
3693:obelisk
3328:Legions
3288:Fiction
3258:Consuls
3253:Climate
3207:Ravenna
3202:Pompeii
3192:Lutetia
3157:Bononia
3152:Berytus
3142:Antioch
3117:Zosimus
3112:Zonaras
3087:Sozomen
3072:Priscus
3047:Photius
2889:Terence
2884:Tacitus
2869:Statius
2854:Servius
2839:Sallust
2794:Plautus
2774:Orosius
2754:Martial
2709:Juvenal
2684:Hyginus
2669:Gellius
2528:Writers
2459:History
2441:Thermae
2431:Temples
2381:Bridges
2348:Slavery
2296:Equites
2268:Society
2248:Theatre
2221:Deities
2181:Cuisine
2161:Bathing
2143:Culture
2118:Finance
2095:Economy
1986:Borders
1981:History
1883:Tribune
1878:Praetor
1768:Legatus
1763:Emperor
1650:Curiate
1620:Kingdom
1615:History
1591:History
1574:decline
1532:History
1502:Kingdom
1485:History
1470:Outline
1189:Annales
980:Archons
964:Britons
954:of the
843:Minerva
822:Augusta
701:in the
677:Romulus
673:Augusti
667:, '
590:Greek:
540:Augusti
520:by the
518:Augusti
406:Augusti
388:by the
359:, with
284:
240:
129:Augusta
114:during
51:Augusti
4933:Canada
4923:Sweden
4918:Serbia
4898:France
4873:Sharif
4868:Hadrat
4837:Shogun
4827:Mikado
4810:Khagan
4768:Senhor
4714:(HDSH)
4702:(HGDH)
4601:Milord
4536:(HMEH)
4530:(Msgr)
4472:(HMCM)
4396:Africa
4387:, and
4263:Athens
4248:Legacy
4154:Circle
4116:Lucius
4114:&
4024:Family
3956:Rimini
3946:Orange
3827:Caesar
3561:battle
3520:battle
3459:Caesar
3437:Titles
3338:Nomina
3323:Legacy
3303:Gentes
3240:topics
3236:Lists
3217:Smyrna
3097:Strabo
3027:Lucian
3017:Julian
2967:Arrian
2962:Appian
2952:Aelian
2929:Vergil
2704:Justin
2689:Jerome
2674:Horace
2659:Fronto
2649:Florus
2624:Ennius
2604:Cicero
2584:Caesar
2482:Vulgar
2306:Tribes
2233:Romans
2043:Legion
2026:castra
1903:Aedile
1873:Censor
1868:Consul
1828:Caesar
1798:Lictor
1720:Status
1660:Tribal
1640:Senate
1630:Empire
1524:Empire
1460:topics
1344:
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1290:
1265:
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1185:Ennius
1161:Cicero
1074:
1022:
921:augere
894:Otto I
845:, and
780:, and
778:kaisar
766:, and
764:caesar
725:
659:Valens
602:
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527:Caesar
502:, 913.
436:genius
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320:) was
277:Probus
261:augury
4782:Asian
4736:Grace
4720:(HSH)
4696:(HRH)
4690:(HIH)
4554:(HSH)
4542:(HEH)
4524:(HRH)
4516:Grace
4506:(HRM)
4490:(HBM)
4484:(HOM)
4478:(HFM)
4466:(HCM)
4455:(HAM)
4449:(HIM)
4408:Nkosi
4381:popes
4112:Gaius
4106:Julia
4085:Livia
4073:Wives
3974:Works
3931:Aosta
3924:Archs
3897:Roads
3002:Galen
2944:Greek
2914:Varro
2724:Lucan
2536:Latin
2451:Latin
2426:Ships
2416:Roads
2401:Domes
2333:Women
2281:Plebs
2206:Music
1748:Forum
1743:Curia
1245:augur
956:Gaels
831:Ceres
564:Greek
480:) to
297:invic
257:Lares
149:Greek
4832:Shah
4805:Khan
4744:(HE)
4738:(HG)
4726:(HS)
4708:(HH)
4658:Mepe
4566:(HE)
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4518:(HG)
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4379:for
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3951:Rome
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3212:Roma
2779:Ovid
2719:Livy
2487:Late
2301:Gens
2258:Wine
2070:Navy
2038:Army
1677:SPQR
1579:fall
1557:fall
1417:2018
1387:link
1342:ISBN
1317:ISBN
1288:ISBN
1263:ISBN
1072:ISBN
1020:ISBN
896:was
839:Juno
784:(or
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631:and
522:army
429:and
427:Asia
379:veto
301:p·f·
181:and
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2472:Old
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1929:Rex
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851:Pax
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