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residence being the Moti-Mahal. Close by at
Jawaharbagh lies her Maqbara, where she was buried after her death in 1816. It is considered to be one of the finest buildings of its kind in Awadh, which was built at the cost of three lakh rupees by her chief advisor Darab Ali Khan. A fine view of the city is obtainable from top of the begum's tomb. Bahu Begum was a woman of great distinction and rank, bearing dignity. Most of the Muslim buildings of Faizabad are attributed to her. From the date of Bahu Begum's death in 1815 till the annexation of Avadh, the city of Faizabad gradually fell into decay. The glory of Faizabad finally eclipsed with the shifting of capital from Faizabad to Lucknow by Nawab
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1242:, after which he was forced to pay heavy penalties and cede parts of his territory. The British appointed a resident at Lucknow in 1773, and over time gained control of more territory and authority in the state. They were disinclined to capture Awadh outright, because that would bring them face to face with the Marathas and the remnants of the Mughal Empire.
1444:. The Nawabs were ceremonial kings, limited to pomp and show but with little influence over matters of state. By the mid-19th century, however, the British had grown impatient with the arrangement and wanted direct control. They started looking about for an excuse, which the powerless Nawabs had to provide. On 1 May 1816, a British
1346:, although the coins named the Mughal emperor, not the Nawab. After the Battle of Buxar, the British seized Banaras, and so the mint was moved in 1776 to Lucknow. From there, coins in the name of the Mughal emperor continued to be struck, and they continued to name Muhammadabad Banaras as the mint. It was only in 1819 that
845:(provincial governors) appointed by the Mughal emperor all over India to assist him in managing the empire. In the absence of expeditious transport and communication facilities, they were practically independent rulers of their territory and wielded the power of life and death over their subjects. Persian adventurer
1286:
Nawab Wazir (Diwan) of Awadh, which till date are the biggest architectural marvels in the city. Asaf-ud-Daula made
Lucknow one of the most prosperous and glittering cities in all India. It is said, he moved because he wanted to get away from the control of a dominant mother. On such a thread did the
1134:
made it a full-fledged capital city. Shuja-ud-Daula, the third Nawab of Awadh, built a fort known as "Chhota
Calcutta", now in ruins. In 1765 he built the Chowk and Tir-paulia and subsequently laid out the Angoori Bagh and Motibagh to the south of it, Asafbagh and Bulandbagh to the west of the city.
865:('diplomatic' colonial Agents) from 1773. The city was "North India's cultural capital"; its nawabs, best remembered for their refined and extravagant lifestyles, were patrons of the arts. Under them music and dance flourished, and many monuments were erected. Of the monuments standing today, the
2428:
Tazkirat us-Salatin
Chaghta – A Mughal Chronicle of Post Aurangzeb Period (1707–1724) by Muhammad Hadi Kamwar Khan; edited Persian text and with an Introduction by Muzaffar Alam (1980), Centre of Advanced Study Department of History, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (U.P.) -202001, India(page
2418:
Tazkirat us-Salatin
Chaghta – A Mughal Chronicle of Post Aurangzeb Period (1707–1724) by Muhammad Hadi Kamwar Khan; edited Persian text and with an Introduction by Muzaffar Alam (1980), Centre of Advanced Study Department of History, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (U.P.) -202001, India(page
1147:
stands in a garden surrounded by a wall, approachable through two large gateways. These buildings are particularly interesting for their assimilative architectural styles. Shuja-ud-daula's wife was the well known Bahu Begum, who married the Nawab in 1743 and continued to reside in
Faizabad, her
1439:
The treaty of 1801 formed an arrangement that was very beneficial to the company. They were able to use Awadh's vast treasuries, repeatedly digging into them for loans at reduced rates. In addition, the revenues from running Awadh's armed forces brought them useful revenues while it acted as a
1302:
to the throne. Saadat Ali Khan was a puppet king, who in the treaty of 1801 ceded half of Awadh to the
British East India Company and also agreed to disband his troops in favour of a hugely expensive, British-run army. This treaty effectively made part of the state of Awadh a vassal to the
824:
granted an estate in Awadh to a nobleman, Sheik Abdul Rahim, who had won his favour. Sheik Abdul Rahim later built
Machchi Bhawan in this estate; this later became the seat of power from where his descendants, the Sheikhzades, controlled the region. Until 1719, the
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1117:
power declined and the emperors lost their paramountcy and they became first the puppets and then the prisoners of their feudatories, so Awadh grew stronger and more independent. Its capital city was
Faizabad.
1166:, who not only encouraged the existing Persian-language belle-lettrist activity to shift from Delhi, but also invited, and received, a steady stream of scholars, poets, jurists, architects, and painters from
2612:... developed in Awadh as a genre of composite creativity. ... of multiple Indian cultural traditions and provided glimpses of the Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb of north India with Lucknow as its centre ...
911:. The title of Subehdar (governor) of Awadh is mentioned as early as 1280 AD, but it can only have denoted the governor of the tract of the country above defined. The Awadh of Mughal Badshah (emperor)
730:, which may be roughly described as the country between Ghaghra and Gomti east to the line from Ayodhya to Sultanpur. This division included about two-thirds of present district of Ayodhya (including
901:(imperial top-level province) and its internal divisions seem to have been constantly changing, and the name of Oudh, or Awadh, seems to have been applicable to only one of the ancient divisions or
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2526:
474:
1338:, struck at Lucknow in AH 1267 (1850–51 CE) and showing the Awadh coat of arms. Starting in 1819, coins no longer mentioned the Mughal emperor, but were struck in the nawab's own name.
1389:, to the Oudh dimensions, and thus they remained until the treaty of 1801 with Saadat Ali Khan, by which province was reduced considerably as half of Oudh was ceded to the
2713:
1274:, the fourth Nawab and son of Shuja-ud-Daula, moved the capital from Faizabad to Lucknow in 1775 and laid the foundation of a great city. His rule saw the building of the
1135:
During the reign of Shuja-Ud-Daula, Faizabad attained such a prosperity which it never saw again. The Nawabs graced
Faizabad with several notable buildings, including the
861:
were in fact the Nawabs of Awadh, but were so referred to because after the reign of the third Nawab, Lucknow became the capital of their realm, where the British station
1798:
in the time of Nawabs. The Nawabs used to take in a view of the river Gomti and its architecture in the evening hours, giving rise to Sham-e-Awadh's romantic reputation.
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Sham-e-Awadh is a popularised term referring to the "glorious evenings" in the Awadh capitals of Faizabad and later (and even today and to a greater extent) Lucknow.
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1130:. Faizabad developed as a township during the reign of Safdar Jang, the second nawab of Avadh (1739–54), who made it his military headquarters while his successor
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526:, Awadh became a major source of literary, artistic, religious, and architectural patronage in northern India under the rule of its eleven rulers, called
1826:
is primarily from the city of Lucknow and its environs. The cooking patterns of the city are similar to those of Central Asia, the Middle East, and
1322:
at Lucknow in AH 1229 (=1814–15 CE). The coin features a stylised fish on the reverse, the dynastic symbol of the Nawabs of Awadh, seen also on the
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1801:
There is a saying:'Subah-e-Benares', 'Sham-e-Awadh', 'Shab-e-Malwa' meaning mornings of the Benares, evenings of the Awadh and nights of Malwa.
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1350:
finally started to strike coins in his own name. Soon thereafter, Awadhi coins started to feature the kingdom's European style coat of arms.
1875:
or the art of cooking over a slow fire, which has become synonymous with Lucknow today. Their spread would consist of elaborate dishes like
1535:, and in 1874 some further cessions, on a much smaller scale, but without any apparent reason, were made in favour of the same Government.
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The events surrounding the 1856 overthrow of Wajid Ali Shah and the annexation of Awadh by the British are depicted in the 1977 film
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1509:), the rebels took control of Awadh, and it took the British 18 months to reconquer the region, months which included the famous
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the very influential noble at the Mughal court in Delhi. Until 1819, Awadh was a province of the Mughal Empire administered by a
1794:) is known for its mornings, so Lucknow is for its evenings. Many of its well-known buildings were erected on the banks of the
1554:
was introduced, the title of chief commissioner was dropped, though Oudh still retained some marks of its former independence.
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into which he divided the Mughal Empire as it stood in 1590. As constituted at the end of the sixteenth century, the
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as well. The cuisine consists of both vegetarian and non-vegetarian dishes. Awadh has been greatly influenced by
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2258:"Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 24, page 132 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library"
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21 January 1798 – 11 July 1814 Yamin ad-Dowla Nazem al-Molk Sa`adat `Ali Khan II Bahadur (b. bf. 1752 – d. 1814)
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53:
1907:. The richness of Awadh cuisine lies not only in the variety of cuisine but also in the ingredients used like
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19:
This article is about the cultural and historical region in India. For the state during the British Raj, see
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13 February 1847 – 7 February 1856 Naser ad-Din `Abd al-Mansur Mohammad Wajed `Ali Shah (b. 1822 – d. 1887)
1674:
11 July 1814 – 19 October 1818 Ghazi ad-Din Rafa`at ad-Dowla Abu´l-Mozaffar Haydar Khan (b. 1769 – d. 1827)
798:
2957:
1980:
1787:, shifted the capital from Faizabad to Lucknow; this led to the decline of Faizabad and rise of Lucknow.
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549:
The British conquered Awadh in 1856, which infuriated Indians and was recognised as a factor causing the
2107:
1632:
1732 – 19 March 1739 Borhan al-Molk Mir Mohammad Amin Musawi Sa`adat `Ali Khan I (b. c. 1680 – d. 1739)
1390:
1354:
1304:
1239:
958:
849:, also called Burhan-ul-Mulk, was appointed the Nazim of Awadh in 1722 and he established his court in
833:, administered by a Nazim or Subah Nawab (governor) appointed by the Emperor. Nawab –the plural of the
262:
82:
973:. This appointment was made in place of 'Aziz Khan Chughtai'. Later on, Mahabat Khan was appointed as
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1410:
1021:
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In prehistoric times, Awadh, reputedly the kingdom of Bikukshi, contained five main divisions :
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1996:
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and chief commissioner of Oudh were combined in the same person; and in 1902, when the new name of
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1393:. Khairigarh, Kanchanpur, and what is now the Nepal Terai, were ceded in 1816, in liquidation of
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42:
1635:
19 March 1739 – 28 April 1748 Abu´l Mansur Mohammad Moqim Khan (1st time) (b. c. 1708 – d. 1754)
1342:
Coins were struck under the nawab's control for the first time in 1737, at a new mint opened in
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1589:
1298:
alienated both his people and the British, and was forced to abdicate. The British then helped
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Awadh was known as the granary of India and was important strategically for the control of the
1170:. Thus Persian was used in government, in academic instruction, in high culture, and in court.
813:
49:
1691:
17 May 1842 – 13 February 1847 Naser ad-Dowla Amjad `Ali Thorayya Jah Shah (b. 1801 – d. 1847)
1682:
19 October 1818 – 19 October 1827 Ghazi ad-Din Mo`izz ad-Din Abu´l-Mozaffar Haydar Shah (s.a.)
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2039:
1994:
The region has been in the center of various period films of Bollywood and modern films like
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rivers. It was a wealthy kingdom, able to maintain its independence against threats from the
1140:
593:
rivers. It was a wealthy kingdom, able to maintain its independence against threats from the
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1643:
28 April 1748 – 13 May 1753 Abu´l Mansur Mohammad Moqim Khan (s.a.) (acting to 29 June 1748)
2805:
1773:
1758:
1005:
882:
8:
3127:
1946:
1933:
1654:
5 October 1754 – 15 February 1762 Jalal ad-Din Shoja` ad-Dowla Haydar (b. 1732 – d. 1775)
1394:
1353:
The wars and transactions in which Shuja-ud-Daula was engaged, both with and against the
1347:
1037:
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Awadh, known as the granary of India, was important strategically for the control of the
504:
1688:
7 July 1837 – 17 May 1842 Mo`in ad-Din Abu´l-Fath Mohammad `Ali Shah (b. 1777 – d. 1842)
1326:. At this time, the fiction that Awadh was subject to the Mughal emperor was maintained.
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1746:
1685:
19 October 1827 – 7 July 1837 Naser ad-Din Haydar Solayman Jah Shah (b. 1803 – d. 1837)
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1299:
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of Awadh in place of Khan Zaman Khan Ali Asghar, who was all over again transferred to
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as its early capital in traditional history, though in Buddhist times (6th–5th century
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including large quantity of valuable forest and grazing ground, was made over to the
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682:, consisting of lower range of hills to the north of Uttara Kosala, now belonging to
488:
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2184:
3256:
3050:
2768:
2180:
1950:
1843:
1651:
5 November 1753 – 5 October 1754 Abu´l Mansur Mohammad Moqim Khan (s.a.) (2nd time)
1510:
1402:
1330:
862:
826:
743:
500:
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343:
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of Awadh (bordering (Old) Delhi, Agra, Illahabad and Bihar) was a province of the
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in Faizabad, pictured with Four Sons, General Barker and other Military Officers.
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are notable examples. One of the more lasting contributions by the Nawabs is the
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708:. This division included about third of present district of Ayodhya (including
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Anatomy of a Confrontation: Ayodhya and the Rise of Communal Politics in India
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serving as the region's initial capitals. Later, the capital was relocated to
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Sacred space and holy war: the politics, culture and history of Shi'ite Islam
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1780:
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21 September 1797 – 21 January 1798 Mirza Wazir `Ali Khan (b. 1780 – d. 1817)
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15 February 1762 – 26 January 1775 Jalal ad-Din Shoja` ad-Dowla Haydar (s.a.)
1506:
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of Awadh, laid the foundation of Faizabad at the outskirt of ancient city of
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26 January 1775 – 21 September 1797 Asaf ad-Dowla Amani (b. 1748 – d. 1797)
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Muslim population. Other than that they are mostly concentrated in the
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1176:
Burhanul Mulk was appointed Nawab in 1722 and established his court in
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1136:
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For about eighty-four years (from 1394 to 1478), Awadh was part of the
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1725:, an important pilgrimage site in Hinduism that marks where the deity
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1967:
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community has a strong presence in the urban areas of Awadh, such as
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1474:, the then Nawab, was imprisoned, and then exiled by the company to
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Since AD 1350 different parts of the Awadh region were ruled by the
696:, which may be roughly described as the country between Ghaghra and
31:
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1988:
1916:
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Mahi Maraatib fish emblazoned over the gateway to Safdarjung's tomb
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and Manikpur, or the territory to the east and South of Faizabad,
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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Modern Awadh finds historical mention only in the Mughal time of
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448:
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1049:, the first Nawab of Awadh, who laid the foundation of Faizabad.
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in northern India, now constituting the northeastern portion of
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to lay the foundation of the Awadh dynasty. His successor was
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2659:. Tribuneindia.com (13 July 2003). Retrieved on 18 July 2013.
2447:
The Garden of India. Or, Chapters on Oudh History and Affairs
2346:
The Garden of India. Or, Chapters on Oudh History and Affairs
1880:
1847:
1777:
1772:
Awadh was established in 1722. with Faizabad as its capital.
1525:
1409:
in exchange for Handia, or Kawai, which was transferred from
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912:
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1834:, and the cuisine of Lucknow bears similarities to those of
1256:, who shifted the capital of Awadh from Faizabad to Lucknow.
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1942:
1894:
1857:
1742:
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In 1856 the East India Company annexed the state under the
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1004:
in 1858, and to have differed only in including Gorakhpur,
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311:
2627:. lucknowrevisited.blogspot.com Monday, 26 February 2007.
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Awadh's political unity can be traced back to the ancient
530:. From 1720 to 1856, the nawabs presided over Awadh, with
2006:
to name a few. It has also been shot in various songs of
820:
made it a part of the Mughal Empire around 1555. Emperor
447:
Lal Bagh entrance in Faizabad, Municipal Corporation of
2474:. official website of Faizabad district. Archived from
1962:
is portrayed in Awadh and was noted for its use of the
1027:
996:
It seems to have been of nearly the same extent as the
734:), the north-eastern corner of Sultanpur, and parts of
2511:
By Ahsan Jan Qaisar, Som Prakash Verma, Mohammad Habib
1757:
The region of Awadh is considered to be the center of
3188:
1531:
in 1860, in recognition of their services during the
1397:'s loan of a million sterling towards the expense of
1064:
of Awadh, who made Faizabad a military headquarters.
553:, the biggest Indian uprising against British rule.
1900:
1892:
1865:
1855:
947:
881:composite culture that has come to be known as the
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2572:, 4th ed., New Delhi: National Book Trust, p. 178.
1546:In 1877 the offices of lieutenant-governor of the
573:meaning "not to be warred against, irresistible".
2585:The foundations of the composite culture in India
1314:Silver rupee of Awadh, struck in the name of the
3351:
2581:
2132:
1180:near Lucknow. He took advantage of a weakening
3375:Proposed states and union territories of India
2737:Proposed states and union territories of India
1819:Kebabs are an important part of Awadhi cuisine
841:', meaning 'assistant'– was the term given to
3174:
3150:Current states and union territories of India
2714:
2509:Art and culture: endeavours in interpretation
2211:"Awadh | historic region, India | Britannica"
2694:WorldStatesmen – India – Princely States A-J
2650:The Sunday Tribune – Spectrum – Lead Article
2314:"Ayodhya | History & Facts | Britannica"
1717:A vast majority of the population practices
1699:Berjis Qadr, son of the above (in rebellion)
1679:Kings (title Padshah-e Awadh, Shah-e Zaman)
1264:Hyder Beg Khan, minister to Nawab of Awadh,
893:From the pre-historic period to the time of
495:. It is roughly synonymous with the ancient
1983:are based on two cultural cities of Awadh,
1596:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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2243:Subah Of Awadh Under The Mughals 1582 1724
888:
455:by Thomas and William Daniell, 1801* (BL).
2336:
1616:Learn how and when to remove this message
1234:. He was comprehensively defeated in the
939:, which in turn were divided in numerous
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
2519:
2517:
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1949:by the great Hindi-Urdu novelist writer
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752:, extended southwards from Gomti to the
479:), known in British historical texts as
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1226:fell out with the British after aiding
393:68,006 km (26,257 sq mi)
3352:
801:, and emerged as an important city of
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2324:from the original on 29 December 2022
2294:from the original on 29 December 2022
2066:from the original on 12 December 2011
1926:
466:
2772:(Chhattisgarh/Madhya Pradesh/Odisha)
2221:from the original on 19 October 2022
2153:from the original on 9 February 2024
2139:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 39–.
2094:from the original on 20 January 2022
1594:adding citations to reliable sources
1561:
1028:Under the hereditary Nawabs of Awadh
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
2450:. London: W. H. Allen. p. 107.
2349:. London: W. H. Allen. p. 106.
2062:. British Library, Online Gallery.
2025:List of chief commissioners of Oudh
1012:, and in excluding Tanda, Aldemau,
915:was one of the twelve (or fifteen)
712:), a small portion of the north of
639:became the kingdom's capital city.
514:It was a province of all the major
13:
2666:
2602:from the original on 10 March 2024
2191:from the original on 10 March 2024
2060:"Gate of the Loll-Baug at Fyzabad"
1431:Gates of the Palace at Lucknow by
1401:; and at the same time pargana of
720:, and sections of the Lucknow and
522:. With the decline of late Mughal
14:
3386:
2687:
2631:from the original on 11 June 2012
2268:from the original on 29 June 2022
1937:by the acclaimed Indian director
1846:; and the city is famous for its
1804:
1552:United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
1456:United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
2804:
2730:
2452:
2351:
1566:
1503:First War of Indian Independence
1203:, the fertile plain between the
793:was one of the major centres of
453:Gate of the Loll-Baug at Fyzabad
261:
242:
226:
212:
195:
177:
157:
30:
2679:The Imperial Gazetteer of India
2643:
2617:
2562:
2539:
2502:
2490:
2464:
2422:
2412:
2386:
2363:
2185:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_com_26360
1941:. This film is based on famous
1764:
1707:
1416:
985:in place of 'Sar Buland Khan'.
250:Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary
41:needs additional citations for
2764:(Madhya Pradesh/Uttar Pradesh)
2756:(Madhya Pradesh/Uttar Pradesh)
2306:
2280:
2250:
2233:
2203:
2165:
2078:
2052:
907:, nearly corresponding to old
585:, a fertile plain between the
542:, which is now the capital of
267:Modern map of the Awadh region
1:
2472:"Welcome to Faizabad History"
2444:Irwin, Henry Crossly (1880).
2343:Irwin, Henry Crossly (1880).
2177:Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
2087:Awadh, historic region, India
2045:
1000:at the time of annexation to
969:of Awadh during the reign of
799:India's Independence movement
1915:, and rich spices including
1542:Muslim woman of rank at ease
1478:(Bengal). In the subsequent
1109:, the fourth Nawab of Awadh.
646:, in the late 16th century.
556:
7:
3099:(Goa/Karnataka/Maharashtra)
2396:. Laxys.com. Archived from
2013:
1901:
1893:
1891:, zarda, sheermal, Taftan,
1871:of Awadh gave birth to the
1866:
1856:
1712:
1697:5 July 1857 – 3 March 1858
1494:killed in the hostilities.
1490:was crowned ruler, and Sir
1466:, which was placed under a
1155:The Nawabs of Awadh were a
1094:, The third Nawab of Awadh.
1090:in Faizabad is the tomb of
948:
797:, participated actively in
10:
3391:
1979:as well as the subsequent
1808:
1752:
1420:
1391:British East India Company
1355:British East India Company
1305:British East India Company
1240:British East India Company
1105:in Lucknow is the tomb of
1031:
959:Khan Zaman Khan Ali Asghar
612:
608:
576:
516:Islamic dynasties in India
18:
3197:
3147:
3078:
3001:
2948:
2874:
2813:
2802:
2743:
2582:Malika Mohammada (2007),
2557:The Columbia Encyclopedia
2374:The Columbia Encyclopedia
2133:Sarvepalli Gopal (1993).
1832:Mughal cooking techniques
1721:. It is also home to the
1557:
1357:, led to the addition of
1294:In 1798, the fifth Nawab
410:
402:
397:
389:
384:
366:
337:
327:
317:
307:
272:
260:
151:
142:
135:
3370:Regions of Uttar Pradesh
3365:History of Uttar Pradesh
2625:"Lucnow revisited again"
2551:7 September 2005 at the
2380:7 September 2005 at the
1997:Main, Meri Patni Aur Woh
1737:and the capital city of
1499:Indian Rebellion of 1857
795:Indian rebellion of 1857
660:districts, now known as
2546:"Faizabad, town, India"
2376:, 6th Edition. 2001–07
2370:"Faizabad, town, India"
1968:mainstream Hindi cinema
1659:Nawab Wazir al-Mamalik
1640:Nawab Wazir al-Mamalik
1548:North-Western Provinces
1348:Nawab Ghaziuddin Haidar
927:, viz. Awadh, Lucknow,
889:Awadh under the Mughals
551:Indian Mutiny (1857-58)
16:Region in Uttar Pradesh
3189:Historical regions of
2559:, 6th Edition. 2001–07
1820:
1701:(b. c. 1845 – d. 1893)
1543:
1482:, his 14-year-old son
1459:
1436:
1339:
1327:
1268:
1257:
1215:, the British and the
1110:
1095:
1080:
1065:
1050:
993:
700:west to the line from
565:is inherited from the
456:
2826:(Bihar/Uttar Pradesh)
2588:, Aakar Books, 2007,
2288:"Sanskrit Dictionary"
2040:Baruwar (Rajput clan)
1818:
1541:
1454:
1430:
1333:
1313:
1263:
1248:
1139:, Moti Mahal and the
1101:
1086:
1071:
1056:
1045:
991:
446:
130:Region in India, Asia
2682:. 1909. p. 277.
2655:14 June 2013 at the
2524:Encyclopædia Iranica
2499:By Juan Ricardo Cole
1873:dum style of cooking
1774:Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula
1759:Ganga-Jamuni culture
1741:, which has a large
1590:improve this section
1287:fate of the city of
1162:Muslim dynasty from
897:, the limits of the
883:Ganga-Jamuni Tehzeeb
50:improve this article
2932:(Jammu and Kashmir)
2924:(Jammu and Kashmir)
2916:(Jammu and Kashmir)
2532:17 May 2017 at the
2478:on 28 December 2011
2400:on 26 December 2018
2090:. 31 January 2013.
1947:Shatranj Ke Khilari
1501:(also known as the
1395:Ghazi ud din Haider
1038:History of Faizabad
963:Qazi Ghulam Mustafa
761:Before independence
740:Pratapgarh District
288: /
3070:(Karnataka/Kerala)
2318:www.britannica.com
2215:www.britannica.com
1927:In popular culture
1821:
1747:Devipatan division
1544:
1488:Begum Hazrat Mahal
1468:Chief Commissioner
1460:
1437:
1340:
1328:
1269:
1258:
1141:tomb of Bahu Begum
1111:
1096:
1081:
1066:
1051:
994:
783:East India Company
716:, greater part of
457:
403: • Total
390: • Total
354:Prayagraj division
338:Covering territory
3347:
3346:
3156:
3155:
3019:Kalyana-Karnataka
2595:978-81-89833-18-3
2262:dsal.uchicago.edu
2146:978-1-85649-050-4
2108:cite encyclopedia
2030:House of Tulsipur
1934:The Chess Players
1790:Just as Banares (
1626:
1625:
1618:
1464:Doctrine of Lapse
1222:The third Nawab,
965:was appointed as
859:Nawabs of Lucknow
736:Mirzapur district
634:
489:historical region
451:, as depicted in
441:
440:
292:26.883°N 80.967°E
202:Brahmavart Ghat,
126:
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118:
100:
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3062:(Andhra Pradesh)
3055:
3047:
3039:
3031:
3023:
3015:
2994:
2986:
2978:
2970:
2969:(Assam/Nagaland)
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2896:
2888:
2867:
2859:
2851:
2843:
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2827:
2808:
2797:
2796:(Madhya Pradesh)
2789:
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2781:
2780:(Madhya Pradesh)
2773:
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1951:Munshi Premchand
1906:
1898:
1869:
1861:
1621:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1601:
1570:
1562:
1520:to the north of
1511:Siege of Lucknow
1334:Silver rupee of
998:Province of Oudh
953:
810:Sharqi Sultanate
771:Sharqi Sultanate
632:
478:
477:
476:
470:
468:[əˈʋədʱ]
465:
349:Ayodhya division
344:Lucknow division
303:
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3045:
3037:
3029:
3021:
3013:
2997:
2992:
2984:
2976:
2968:
2960:
2950:Northeast India
2944:
2940:(Uttar Pradesh)
2939:
2931:
2923:
2915:
2908:(Uttar Pradesh)
2907:
2895:(Uttar Pradesh)
2894:
2887:(Uttar Pradesh)
2886:
2870:
2865:
2857:
2849:
2841:
2833:
2825:
2809:
2800:
2795:
2793:Vindhya Pradesh
2787:
2779:
2771:
2763:
2755:
2739:
2729:
2727:
2690:
2672:
2669:
2667:Further reading
2664:
2663:
2657:Wayback Machine
2648:
2644:
2634:
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2603:
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2382:Wayback Machine
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2097:
2095:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2069:
2067:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2048:
2016:
1929:
1813:
1807:
1767:
1755:
1729:was born. The
1723:Ram Janmabhoomi
1715:
1710:
1648:Subadar Nawabs
1629:Subadar Nawabs
1622:
1611:
1605:
1602:
1587:
1571:
1560:
1425:
1419:
1300:Saadat Ali Khan
1284:Raja Tikait Rai
1236:Battle of Buxar
1232:Nawab of Bengal
1047:Saadat Ali Khan
1040:
1034:Nawabs of Awadh
1030:
923:contained five
891:
871:Chhota Imambara
779:Nawabs of Awadh
767:Delhi Sultanate
763:
617:
611:
579:
559:
509:Jain scriptures
472:
471:
463:
437:
359:Kanpur division
296:
294:
290:
287:
282:
279:
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275:
274:
268:
256:
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3321:
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3259:
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3214:
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3084:
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3064:
3056:
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3024:
3016:
3007:
3005:
2999:
2998:
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2963:
2954:
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2749:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2726:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2689:
2688:External links
2686:
2685:
2684:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2642:
2616:
2594:
2574:
2561:
2538:
2536:, E. Yarshater
2513:
2501:
2489:
2463:
2431:
2421:
2411:
2394:"Lucknow City"
2385:
2362:
2335:
2305:
2279:
2249:
2240:Mohamed nasr.
2232:
2202:
2164:
2145:
2125:
2116:|website=
2077:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2020:Nawab of Awadh
2015:
2012:
1976:Umrao Jaan Ada
1956:The 1961 film
1928:
1925:
1903:warqi parathas
1889:nahari-kulchas
1828:Northern India
1824:Awadhi Cuisine
1811:Awadhi cuisine
1809:Main article:
1806:
1805:Awadhi cuisine
1803:
1785:Nawab of Awadh
1766:
1763:
1754:
1751:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
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1633:
1624:
1623:
1606:September 2021
1574:
1572:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1533:Revolt of 1857
1492:Henry Lawrence
1480:Revolt of 1857
1472:Wajid Ali Shah
1418:
1415:
1413:to Allahabad.
1407:Gonda district
1336:Wajid Ali Shah
1296:Wazir Ali Khan
1276:Asafi Imambara
1254:Nawab of Awadh
1250:Asaf-Ud-Dowlah
1224:Shuja-ud-Daula
1132:Shuja-ud-daula
1092:Shuja-ud-Daula
1073:Shuja-ud-Daula
1029:
1026:
890:
887:
762:
759:
758:
757:
747:
725:
710:Ambedkar Nagar
691:
677:
613:Main article:
610:
607:
578:
575:
558:
555:
518:including the
439:
438:
436:
435:
430:
425:
420:
414:
412:
411:Largest Cities
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3139:(Maharashtra)
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3115:(Maharashtra)
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2929:Panun Kashmir
2927:
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2914:
2911:
2906:
2905:Harit Pradesh
2903:
2901:
2898:
2893:
2890:
2885:
2884:Awadh Pradesh
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2864:
2861:
2856:
2853:
2848:
2845:
2842:(West Bengal)
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2745:Central India
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2459:public domain
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2018:
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1895:roomali rotis
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1783:, the fourth
1782:
1781:Asaf-ud-Daula
1779:
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1575:This section
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1523:
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1507:Indian Mutiny
1504:
1500:
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1489:
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1469:
1465:
1457:
1453:
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1412:
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1405:was added to
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1273:
1272:Asaf-ud-Daula
1267:
1266:Asaf-ud-Daula
1262:
1255:
1252:, The fourth
1251:
1247:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1230:the fugitive
1229:
1225:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1182:Mughal Empire
1179:
1175:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1153:
1151:
1150:Asaf-ud-daula
1146:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1108:
1107:Asaf-ud-Daula
1104:
1103:Bara Imambara
1100:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1063:
1060:, the second
1059:
1055:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1014:Rajesultanpur
1011:
1007:
1003:
1002:British India
999:
990:
986:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
955:(districts).
954:
952:
951:
944:
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938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
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886:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
867:Bara Imambara
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
831:Mughal Empire
828:
823:
819:
815:
811:
806:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
775:Mughal Empire
772:
768:
755:
751:
748:
745:
741:
737:
733:
732:Ambedkarnagar
729:
726:
723:
719:
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711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
692:
689:
685:
681:
678:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
656:or the trans-
655:
654:Uttara Kosala
652:
651:
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588:
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568:
564:
554:
552:
547:
545:
544:Uttar Pradesh
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
520:Mughal Empire
517:
512:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
493:Uttar Pradesh
490:
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332:Uttar Pradesh
330:
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273:Coordinates:
271:
264:
259:
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185:Bara Imambara
180:
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67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
3206:
3120:Maru Pradesh
3046:(Puducherry)
3038:(Tamil Nadu)
2892:Braj Pradesh
2883:
2677:
2645:
2633:. Retrieved
2619:
2611:
2604:, retrieved
2584:
2577:
2569:
2568:P.L. Gupta:
2564:
2556:
2541:
2523:
2504:
2492:
2480:. Retrieved
2476:the original
2466:
2446:
2424:
2414:
2402:. Retrieved
2398:the original
2388:
2373:
2365:
2345:
2338:
2326:. Retrieved
2317:
2308:
2296:. Retrieved
2282:
2270:. Retrieved
2261:
2252:
2246:. p. 1.
2242:
2235:
2223:. Retrieved
2214:
2205:
2193:. Retrieved
2176:
2167:
2155:. Retrieved
2135:
2128:
2096:. Retrieved
2086:
2080:
2068:. Retrieved
2054:
2001:
1995:
1993:
1974:
1972:
1957:
1955:
1939:Satyajit Ray
1932:
1930:
1864:
1854:
1852:
1823:
1822:
1800:
1789:
1771:
1768:
1765:Sham-e-Awadh
1756:
1716:
1708:Demographics
1698:
1612:
1603:
1588:Please help
1576:
1545:
1528:
1517:
1515:
1496:
1484:Birjis Qadra
1461:
1448:was signed.
1446:protectorate
1442:buffer state
1438:
1417:British rule
1352:
1341:
1320:Shah Alam II
1293:
1280:Rumi Darwaza
1270:
1221:
1198:
1172:
1154:
1122:, the first
1112:
1075:, the third
997:
995:
971:Farrukhsiyar
957:
946:
940:
924:
920:
916:
902:
892:
875:Rumi Darwaza
842:
807:
764:
690:at its base.
648:
641:
618:
580:
562:
560:
548:
513:
484:
480:
459:
458:
452:
165:Ram ki Paidi
127:
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
3237:Bundelkhand
3191:North India
3123:(Rajasthan)
3059:Rayalaseema
3030:(Karnataka)
3022:(Karnataka)
3014:(Karnataka)
3003:South India
2977:(Meghalaya)
2876:North India
2761:Bundelkhand
2753:Baghelkhand
2482:23 December
2328:29 December
2298:29 December
2225:29 December
2195:29 December
2157:29 December
2070:26 November
1966:dialect in
1959:Gunga Jumna
1796:Gomti River
1383:Farrukhabad
1282:, built by
1174:Saadat Khan
1120:Saadat Khan
981:(Patna) as
909:Pachhimrath
847:Saadat Khan
803:North India
787:British Raj
694:Pachhimrath
686:, with the
623:kingdom of
295: /
3354:Categories
3334:Shekhawati
3329:Rohilkhand
3324:Purvanchal
3212:Bagelkhand
3128:Saurashtra
3112:Marathwada
3080:West India
3035:Kongu Nadu
2937:Purvanchal
2831:Gorkhaland
2815:East India
2777:Mahakoshal
2635:11 January
2098:15 January
2046:References
1973:The novel
1887:, kaliya,
1433:W. Daniell
1423:Oudh State
1421:See also:
1411:Pratapgarh
1387:Rohilkhand
1324:Awadh flag
1190:Safdarjung
1145:Gulab Bari
1137:Gulab Bari
1088:Gulab Bari
1058:Safdarjung
1032:See also:
1022:Pratapgarh
816:; emperor
724:districts.
499:region of
406:55,119,236
398:Population
234:IIT Kanpur
76:newspapers
21:Oudh State
3242:Dardistan
3222:Baltistan
3131:(Gujarat)
3107:(Gujarat)
3067:Tulu Nadu
3011:Karu Nadu
2993:(Tripura)
2990:Tipraland
2863:Rarhbhumi
2606:1 October
2118:ignored (
2008:Bollywood
1867:rakabdars
1858:bawarchis
1844:Hyderabad
1735:Prayagraj
1577:does not
1403:Nawabganj
1399:Nepal War
1367:Fatehgarh
1363:Allahabad
1228:Mir Qasim
1018:Sultanpur
937:Gorakhpur
933:Khairabad
879:syncretic
863:Residents
843:subahdars
754:Sai river
728:Purabrath
718:Barabanki
714:Sultanpur
706:Sultanpur
674:Gorakhpur
637:Shravasti
561:The word
557:Etymology
423:Prayagraj
367:Languages
308:Continent
3252:Dhundhar
3136:Vidarbha
3088:Khandesh
3054:(Kerala)
3043:Karaikal
2974:Garoland
2966:Dimaraji
2958:Bodoland
2866:(Odisha)
2850:(Odisha)
2839:Kamtapur
2769:Gondwana
2653:Archived
2629:Archived
2600:archived
2549:Archived
2530:Archived
2404:29 April
2378:Archived
2322:Archived
2292:Archived
2266:Archived
2219:Archived
2189:Archived
2151:Archived
2092:Archived
2064:Archived
2014:See also
1989:Faizabad
1917:cardamom
1792:Varanasi
1719:Hinduism
1713:Religion
1522:Bahraich
1505:and the
1476:Calcutta
1379:Mainpuri
1318:emperor
1291:depend.
1213:Marathas
1207:and the
1178:Faizabad
1164:Nishapur
1010:Azamgarh
983:Subahdar
979:Azimabad
975:Subahdar
967:Subahdar
929:Bahraich
873:and the
851:Faizabad
822:Jehangir
785:and the
680:Silliana
662:Bahraich
601:and the
595:Marathas
589:and the
567:Sanskrit
536:Faizabad
505:Buddhist
106:May 2024
3277:Kashmir
3257:Garhwal
3227:Bhojpur
3202:Ahirwal
3051:Malabar
2985:(Assam)
2961:(Assam)
2921:Kashmir
2858:(Bihar)
2855:Mithila
2823:Bhojpur
2527:"Avadh"
2272:20 June
2173:"Awadh"
1985:Lucknow
1921:saffron
1885:biryani
1850:foods.
1836:Kashmir
1776:'s son
1753:Culture
1739:Lucknow
1598:removed
1583:sources
1497:In the
1486:son of
1344:Banaras
1289:Lucknow
1238:by the
1217:Afghans
1157:Persian
1128:Ayodhya
1113:As the
961:son of
950:dasturs
925:sarkars
904:Sarkars
855:Lucknow
818:Humayun
814:Jaunpur
744:Jaunpur
722:Sitapur
702:Ayodhya
658:Ghaghra
629:Ayodhya
627:, with
609:Ancient
603:Afghans
599:British
577:History
571:Ayodhya
540:Lucknow
532:Ayodhya
487:, is a
449:Ayodhya
428:Ayodhya
418:Lucknow
318:Country
283:80°58′E
280:26°53′N
204:Bithoor
189:Lucknow
169:Ayodhya
90:scholar
65:"Awadh"
3312:Punjab
3297:Marwar
3287:Ladakh
3282:Kumaon
3267:Hadoti
3262:Gorwar
3096:Konkan
3027:Kodagu
2674:"Oudh"
2592:
2143:
1964:Awadhi
1945:story
1913:paneer
1909:mutton
1881:kormas
1877:kebabs
1848:Nawabi
1840:Punjab
1731:Muslim
1558:Rulers
1529:Darbar
1458:, 1903
1435:, 1801
1375:Etawah
1371:Kanpur
1316:Mughal
1209:Yamuna
1205:Ganges
1115:Mughal
1008:, and
942:mahals
917:subahs
869:, the
857:. The
837:word '
835:Arabic
791:Kanpur
625:Kosala
615:Kosala
597:, the
591:Yamuna
587:Ganges
528:Nawabs
507:, and
497:Kosala
464:Hindi:
433:Kanpur
371:Awadhi
220:Kathak
145:Region
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
3360:Awadh
3339:Vagad
3317:Malwa
3307:Mewat
3302:Mewar
3292:Majha
3272:Jammu
3247:Doaba
3217:Bagar
3207:Awadh
3104:Kutch
2913:Jammu
2900:Delhi
2847:Kosal
2785:Malwa
2570:Coins
1981:films
1778:Nawab
1526:Nepal
1518:Tarai
1359:Karra
1194:Nawab
1186:Delhi
1124:Nawab
1077:Nawab
1062:Nawab
1006:Basti
921:Subah
913:Akbar
899:subah
895:Akbar
853:near
827:Subah
750:Arbar
698:Gomti
688:Tarai
684:Nepal
670:Basti
666:Gonda
644:Akbar
621:Hindu
569:word
563:Awadh
524:Delhi
501:Hindu
481:Avadh
460:Awadh
375:Hindi
328:State
322:India
137:Awadh
97:JSTOR
83:books
3232:Braj
2637:2012
2608:2016
2590:ISBN
2484:2011
2429:236)
2419:234)
2406:2012
2330:2022
2300:2022
2274:2022
2227:2022
2197:2022
2159:2022
2141:ISBN
2120:help
2100:2022
2072:2019
2035:Pasi
2000:and
1987:and
1943:Urdu
1919:and
1899:and
1863:and
1853:The
1842:and
1743:Shia
1727:Rama
1581:any
1579:cite
1516:The
1385:and
1278:and
1201:Doab
1168:Iran
1160:Shia
1036:and
1020:and
945:and
935:and
839:Naib
742:and
672:and
583:Doab
534:and
485:Oudh
385:Area
379:Urdu
377:and
312:Asia
69:news
2181:doi
2003:Paa
1592:by
1184:in
812:of
704:to
633:BCE
483:or
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