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200:. In these experiments, laser radiation is focused on the surfaces in a concentric ring. The laser pulse generates concentric surface acoustic waves, with amplitude that reaches a maximum in the center of the ring. This approach makes it possible to study mechanical properties of materials under extreme conditions.
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There are two areas of interest for a variety of applications: a long range with an almost constant intensity distribution (a) and a ring-shaped distant field intensity distribution (b). The distance (a) depends on the angle α of the Axicon and the diameter (ĂEP) of the incident beam. The diameter of
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describes axicon use in optical tweezers, which are commonly used for manipulating microscopic particles such as cells and colloids. The tweezers use lasers with a Bessel beam profile produced by illuminating an axicon with a
Gaussian beam, which can trap several particles along the beam's axis.
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surface. An axicon transforms a laser beam into a ring shaped distribution. They can be convex or concave and be made of any optical material. The combination with other axicons or lenses allows a wide variety of beam patterns to be generated. It can be used to turn a
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The reflective axicon or "reflaxicon" was described in 1973 by W. R. Edmonds. The reflaxicon uses a pair of coaxial, conical reflecting surfaces to duplicate the functionality of the transmissive axicon. The use of reflection rather than transmission improves the
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In research at
Physikalisch-Chemisches-Institut, Heidelberg, Germany, axicon lenses have been used in laser diagnostics of mechanical properties of thin films and solids by
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over a certain range. This special feature results from the generation of (non-diffracting) Bessel-like beams with properties mainly determined by the Axicon angle α.
414:
Green, S. Z.; Adli, E.; Clarke, C. I.; Corde, S.; Edstrom, S. A.; Fisher, A. S.; Frederico, J.; Frisch, J. C.; Gessner, S.; Gilevich, S.; Hering, P. (2014-07-22).
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the annular distant field intensity distribution (b) is proportional to the length l. The width of the ring is about half the diameter of the incident beam.
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tissue. Using a combination of positive and negative axicons, the diameter of the ring of light can be adjusted to obtain the best performance.
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110:, without making any adjustments. It can be used to simultaneously view two or more small sources placed along the line of sight.
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The Axicon is usually characterized by the ratio of the diameter of the ring to the distance from the lens tip to image plane d/l.
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is replaced by an axicon. Such a telescope can be simultaneously in focus for targets at distances from less than a meter to
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to focus a parallel beam into a beam with long focus depth and a highly confined lateral spot, to develop a novel
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Single axicons are usually used to generate an annular light distribution which is laterally constant along the
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208:
215:
505:
Edmonds, W.R. (1973). "The
Reflaxicon, a New Reflective Optical Element, and Some Applications".
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and beam switches, out of hollow laser beams. These beams, made using axicons, provide an ideal
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307:"Simultaneous micromanipulation in multiple planes using a self-reconstructing light beam"
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117:. Their ability to focus a laser beam into a ring is useful in surgery for smoothing and
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Garcés-Chåvez, V.; McGloin, D.; Melville, H.; Sibbett, W.; Dholakia, K. (Sep 12, 2002).
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131:. The ring of light creates attractive and repulsive forces which can trap and hold
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One application of axicons is in telescopes, where the usual spherical
379:
McLeod, John H. (1954). "The axicon: A new type of optical element".
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118:
107:
464:"Various beam shaping applications utilizing axicons | asphericon"
48:-like beam. Axicons were first proposed in 1954 by John McLeod.
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19:
218:. Their goal is to determine the effects of axicons on the
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413:
286:. University of Arizona College of Optical Sciences
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214:Inphase Technologies researchers use axicons in
203:Axicons have been used by the research team at
67:in cases where a ring-shaped spot is useful.
251:An article published by the research team at
23:Diagram of Axicon and resulting Bessel Beam
205:Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic
89:Creation of Bessel beams through an axicon
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416:"Laser ionized preformed plasma at FACET"
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74:Special features and Bessel beam shaping
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420:Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion
222:of random binary data spectrum of a
255:in the UK in the Sept. 12 issue of
236:is focused on creating elements of
16:Special lens with a conical surface
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188:compared to conventional axicons.
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161:Gradient index, grating axicons
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407:
298:
170:
1:
492:"An In-Depth Look at Axicons"
441:10.1088/0741-3335/56/8/084011
263:
209:optical coherence tomography
158:Breakdown in light filaments
7:
191:
139:in the center of the ring.
10:
598:
198:surface-wave spectroscopy
186:group velocity dispersion
127:Axicons are also used in
31:is a specialized type of
279:Mallik, Proteep (2005).
248:to channel cold atoms.
216:holographic data storage
142:
224:spatial light modulator
113:Axicons can be used in
44:into a non-diffractive
401:10.1364/JOSA.44.000592
359:on September 19, 2006.
253:St. Andrews University
234:University of Maryland
232:research group at the
230:Wendell T. Hill, III's
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61:wakefield accelerators
24:
88:
22:
527:10.1364/AO.12.001940
494:. Edmund Optics Inc.
220:Fourier distribution
182:chromatic aberration
51:Axicons are used in
519:1973ApOpt..12.1940E
432:2014PPCF...56h4011G
393:1954JOSA...44..592M
334:10.1038/nature01007
326:2002Natur.419..145G
149:Solar concentrators
63:. They are used in
55:and for generating
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115:laser eye surgery
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352:. Archived from
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178:damage threshold
154:Laser resonators
129:optical trapping
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381:J. Opt. Soc. Am
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320:(6903): 145â7.
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507:Applied Optics
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242:beam splitters
211:(OCT) system.
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133:microparticles
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513:(8): 1940â5.
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426:(8): 084011.
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42:Gaussian beam
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559:. Retrieved
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472:. Retrieved
470:. 2017-04-26
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354:the original
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288:. Retrieved
281:"The Axicon"
256:
250:
246:optical trap
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213:
202:
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165:Illumination
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112:
101:
98:Applications
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80:optical axis
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69:
53:atomic traps
50:
28:
26:
290:12 December
238:atom optics
171:Reflaxicons
65:eye surgery
35:that has a
561:18 January
474:2020-11-24
468:asphericon
387:(8): 592.
264:References
240:, such as
450:0741-3335
104:objective
576:Category
549:"Axicon"
535:20125635
342:12226659
192:Research
119:ablating
108:infinity
515:Bibcode
428:Bibcode
389:Bibcode
350:4426776
322:Bibcode
226:(SLM).
122:corneal
37:conical
582:Lenses
533:
448:
348:
340:
314:Nature
257:Nature
184:, and
57:plasma
46:Bessel
29:axicon
552:(PDF)
357:(PDF)
346:S2CID
310:(PDF)
284:(PDF)
143:Other
137:cells
563:2015
531:PMID
446:ISSN
338:PMID
292:2014
135:and
33:lens
523:doi
436:doi
397:doi
330:doi
318:419
59:in
27:An
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
