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794:, recognizing Aboriginal title as "a right to the land itself", which derives from First Nations original occupation and possession at the time the Crown asserted sovereignty. The court also stated that the federal and provincial governments may infringe upon Aboriginal title under conditions for justification but that fair compensation would be due at the time of such an infringement.
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million, $ 2 million for relinquishing mineral rights under
English Bluff, $ 13.5 million for startup and transition costs, $ 7.3 million for a number of funds for the purposes of resource management and economic development and $ 2.6 annually for ongoing programs and services, and reserves a portion
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The voice of criticisms have come from different angles in
Indigenous communities across British Columbia and Canada, and from the non-native society as well. About two-thirds of First Nations are not involved with the Treaty Process; some have formed the "Unity Protocol", calling for an overhaul of
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likewise rejected their AIP. The five Maa-nulth First
Nations of the Nuu-chah-nulth ratified their treaty in October 2007. The BC government has ratified the final agreement which is yet to be ratified in the federal parliament. Ditidaht First Nation has subsequently taken legal action against the
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in negotiation support funding to more than 50 First
Nations: $ 345.6 million in the form of loans and $ 86.4 million in the form of contributions. Of that money the Treaty Commission's total operating costs from 1993 to March 31, 2009, spent $ 34.2 million. One successfully negotiated treaty was
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In 1990, the governments of Canada, B.C. and First
Nations established the B.C. Claims Task Force to investigate how treaty negotiations might begin and what they should cover. The following year, the provincial government accepted the concept of Aboriginal rights (including the inherent right to
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The
British Columbia Treaty Commission is the independent body which oversees the treaty process. B.C. treaty commissioners were first appointed in April 1993, and the treaty process officially began in December 1993. By 1996, 47 First Nations, representing more than 60% of
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is considered separate from the Treaty
Process because those negotiations began before the BC treaty process was started, and it has been called a blueprint for the current process. To represent the interests of First Nations involved with the process, the
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804:(Tlaʼamin First Nation) voted to reject their negotiated AIP in 2001, but then approved the AiP in June 2003. Tlaʼamin Nation later ratified a final agreement with BC & Canada in 2012, which is in effect as of 2016. Six of 12 member nations of the
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All of these analyze chronic problems of the process such as lack of governmental commitment and the burden of loans taken out by First
Nations to support their involvement in the unexpectedly long process of reaching final agreements.
884:), the BC Treaty Process continues, as more than half of all First Nations in BC continue through the stages of the process. As of 2016, 4 Nations had completed and were implementing treaties; 7 were in Stage 5, and 42 were in Stage 4.
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was created. There are officially 60% of First
Nations bands in the process, but only 20% are said to be making progress. About 40% of First Nations are not involved in the treaty process.
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which argued that the provincial and federal governments needed to increase their financial resources and the capacity level of First
Nations for the negotiation of treaties in BC.
1279:"Final Report with Recommendations Regarding the Possibility of Accelerating Negotiations With Common Table First Nations that are in the BC Treaty Process, and Any Steps Required"
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Final Report with Recommendations Regarding the Possibility of Accelerating Negotiations With Common Table First Nations that are in the BC Treaty Process, and Any Steps Required
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870:, and that the province had no power over these lands. Under the BC treaty process, negotiating nations have received 5% of their claimed land recognized. Grand Chief
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on principles for treaty negotiations. However, the referendum failed due to controversy over its phrasing and logistics, which generated protests and a boycott.
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The British Columbia Treaty Commission accepts First Nations into the process, allocates negotiation support funding and monitors the progress of negotiations.
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748:. First Nations were not allowed to organize or raise money to pursue land claims. In the second half of the 20th century, demands for the recognition of
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members voted 70% in favour of the treaty. The treaty more than doubled the size of the Tsawwassen reserve, provided a one-time capital transfer of
715:, however, failed to negotiate many treaties and as a result, most of the province's land is not covered by treaties. The few exceptions are the 14
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self-government) as official policy. The Claims Task Force made 19 recommendations and suggested a six-stage process for negotiating new treaties.
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963:, a Canadian think tank, released a report in 2008 criticizing the B.C. Treaty Process as "incomplete, illiberal and expensive".
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1223:"Incomplete, Illiberal, and Expensive: A Review of 15 Years of Treaty Negotiations in British Columbia and Proposals for Reform"
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stated that the Crown must negotiate and sign treaties with the Indigenous people before land could be ceded to a colony, the
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called future participation in the process into question. The judge's ruling included a non-binding opinion that the
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salmon catch to the Tsawwassen. In return, the Tsawwassen abandoned other land claims and will eventually pay taxes.
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in B.C., had decided to participate. After a few years of negotiations, the Treaty Commission released the
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negotiation process started in 1993 to resolve outstanding issues, including claims to un-extinguished
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Multilateral Engagement Process to Improve and Expedite Treaty Negotiations in British Columbia
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was the first community to sign an agreement-in-principle (AIP) in 1999. Members of the
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Relations between Indigenous peoples and the B.C. government worsened over time, as the
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1311:"A Commitment Worth Preserving: Reviving the British Columbia Treaty Process"
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A Commitment Worth Preserving: Reviving the British Columbia Treaty Process
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Changing the Indigenous peoples from nations to municipal style government.
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The following year, the Supreme Court of Canada rendered its decision on
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a 2008 report by the Standing Senate Committee on Aboriginal Peoples,
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United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act
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United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act
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the 2015 Doug Eyford report, commissioned by the federal Minister
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1255:"Honouring the Spirit of Modern Treaties: Closing the Loopholes"
1002:, prepared jointly by the Governments of Canada, BC, and the BC
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Honouring the Spirit of Modern Treaties: Closing the Loopholes
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National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women
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The treaty process is a six-stage negotiation between the
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In May 1993 the Treaty Commission allocated approximately
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were buoyed by various court decisions in B.C., including
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Section 25 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
1343:"A New Direction: Advancing Aboriginal and Treaty Rights"
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former Campbell River Mayor, James Lornie's 2011 report,
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Maa-nulth in a dispute over land and resource ownership.
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Three treaties have been implemented under the BCTP. The
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A New Direction: Advancing Aboriginal and Treaty Rights
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Status of First Nations treaties in British Columbia
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Richard Cardinal: Cry from a Diary of a Métis Child
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The Canadian Crown and Indigenous peoples of Canada
982:the Senate Standing Committee's 2012 final report,
738:led to the redistribution of reserve lands and the
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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866:could demonstrate Aboriginal title to half of the
2909:Index of articles related to Indigenous Canadians
2097:Index of articles related to Indigenous Canadians
923:Stage 4: negotiation of an agreement in principle
742:was essentially dissolved by an amendment to the
2921:
1123:
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1797:Ongoing treaty negotiations in British Columbia
1134:"FAQ – How much will treaty negotiations cost?"
727:(1899) in the Northeast of B.C., and the 2000
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920:Stage 3: negotiation of a framework agreement
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1498:Section 91(24) of the Constitution Act, 1867
2787:Portrayals of the residential school system
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926:Stage 5: negotiation to finalize a treaty
914:Stage 1: statement of intent to negotiate
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
2950:Treaties of Indigenous peoples in Canada
2477:Violence against Wetʼsuwetʼen protesters
1493:Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982
694:
1993:St Catharines Milling and Lumber Co v R
1741:James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement
1413:Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs
14:
2940:Canadian Aboriginal and indigenous law
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1867:Native Women's Assn of Canada v Canada
1153:
280:Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada
2111:
2007:Tsilhqot'in Nation v British Columbia
1421:
1191:
929:Stage 6: implementation of the treaty
881:Tsilhqotʼin Nation v British Columbia
858:A November 2007 court ruling for the
707:were negotiated in most parts of the
306:Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women
2558:Justice for our Stolen Children Camp
2138:Violence and discrimination against
1267:from the original on 23 August 2018.
1136:. bctreaty.net. 2009. Archived from
816:mailed out ballots for a provincial
60:adding citations to reliable sources
31:
2618:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
2226:First Nations nutrition experiments
1818:Attorney General of Canada v Lavell
1038:
24:
2886:The Unnatural and Accidental Women
1408:British Columbia Treaty Commission
1381:from the original on 9 March 2017.
25:
2961:
2930:First Nations in British Columbia
2647:An Act to amend the Criminal Code
1839:Chippewas of Sarnia Band v Canada
1389:
1186:BC Treaty Commission Negotiations
952:Continued assimilation strategies
740:Allied Tribes of British Columbia
71:"British Columbia Treaty Process"
2506:Death of Regis Korchinski-Paquet
1465:of individual Indigenous groups.
1228:. 2 October 2008. Archived from
736:McKenna–McBride Royal Commission
605:
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146:
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2701:British Columbia Treaty Process
1773:Duty to consult and accommodate
1609:Lake Simcoe–Lake Huron Purchase
1478:Aboriginal land title in Canada
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917:Stage 2: readiness to negotiate
650:British Columbia Treaty Process
252:British Columbia Treaty Process
47:needs additional citations for
27:Land claims negotiation process
1316:. 28 June 2017. Archived from
1284:. 28 June 2017. Archived from
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1101:
1063:
755:Calder v British Columbia (AG)
13:
1:
1860:Delgamuukw v British Columbia
1747:Nunavut Land Claims Agreement
1558:Peace and Friendship Treaties
1345:. 18 May 2017. Archived from
1163:Huge win for Interior natives
933:
806:Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council
791:Delgamuukw v British Columbia
772:Treaty Commission and process
2140:Indigenous peoples in Canada
1603:Penetanguishene Bay Purchase
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783:1997 Systems Overload Report
257:Crown and Indigenous peoples
7:
2761:Old-growth logging protests
1657:Gradual Enfranchisement Act
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876:Union of B.C. Indian Chiefs
495:Indigenous English Dialects
10:
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2935:Aboriginal title in Canada
2528:Judge David William Ramsay
1483:Royal Proclamation of 1763
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713:Colony of British Columbia
701:Royal Proclamation of 1763
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2649:for trafficking of minors
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2200:Residential school system
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1881:R v Marshall; R v Bernard
1832:Calder v British Columbia
1809:
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1204:. Broadview Press, 2005.
860:Xeni Gwetʼin First Nation
853:Temexw Treaty Association
601:Indigenous North Americas
2945:Aboriginal land councils
2590:Walking With Our Sisters
2511:Killing of Chantel Moore
2405:Winnipeg serial killings
2164:Gradual Civilization Act
2032:Indigenous customary law
1577:Gradual Civilization Act
1564:Treaties of Fort Niagara
1150:Unavailable 11Feb. 2020.
1109:"B.C. treaty referendum"
1083:Tlaʼamin Final Agreement
711:. The Government of the
379:Indigenous personalities
2766:Trans Mountain pipeline
2489:Gustafsen Lake standoff
1902:Paul v British Columbia
1759:Nisga'a Final Agreement
1627:Saugeen Tract Agreement
1546:Great Peace of Montreal
1401:10 January 2018 at the
837:Tsawwassen First Nation
832:First Nation, in 2007.
812:In 2002, the governing
678:Nisga'a Final Agreement
2741:Caledonia land dispute
2595:Women's Memorial March
2355:Healthcare inequality
2243:High Arctic relocation
1521:governmental relations
1070:B.C. Claims Task Force
2440:Jean Virginia Sampare
2425:Tammy Lamondin-Gagnon
898:provincial government
802:Sliammon First Nation
695:Previous negotiations
2821:Missing and Murdered
2381:Missing and Murdered
2221:Forced sterilization
1615:Huron Tract Purchase
1396:First Nations Summit
1004:First Nations Summit
939:the entire process.
825:CA$ 432 million
798:Sechelt First Nation
684:First Nations Summit
505:Aboriginal syllabics
480:Indigenous languages
56:improve this article
2736:Burnt Church Crisis
2563:Moose Hide campaign
2435:Helen Betty Osborne
2334:Criminal sentencing
2308:Structural violence
2155:Settler colonialism
1449:Canadian Aboriginal
1176:, November 22, 2007
874:, president of the
533:Traditional beliefs
374:Indigenous cultures
217:Residential schools
207:Settler colonialism
2746:Clayoquot protests
2339:Mass incarceration
2312:and discrimination
2055:Great Law of Peace
1779:Jordan's Principle
1647:Post-Confederation
1635:(1850, 1854, 1859)
1168:2008-12-01 at the
1111:. CBC. 2 July 2004
894:federal government
835:In July 2007, the
138:Indigenous peoples
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2904:Indigenous rights
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2751:Keystone Pipeline
2706:Yukon Land Claims
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2585:Sisters in Spirit
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2420:Pamela Holopainen
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2248:RCMP dog killings
2170:Numbered Treaties
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2021:Restoule v Canada
1846:Corbiere v Canada
1805:
1804:
1664:Numbered Treaties
1642:
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1633:Robinson Treaties
1235:on 2 October 2008
1210:978-1-55111-637-2
828:rejected, by the
731:Final Agreement.
709:Prairie Provinces
705:Numbered Treaties
662:indigenous rights
646:
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612:Canada portal
558:Index of articles
311:Numbered Treaties
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18:BC Treaty Process
16:(Redirected from
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2771:Unistʼotʼen Camp
2728:Water protection
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2465:Police brutality
2455:Lisa Marie Young
2445:Loretta Saunders
2410:Immaculate Basil
2393:Highway of Tears
2385:Indigenous Women
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2286:Indian hospitals
2182:Role of the RCMP
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2014:Daniels v Canada
2000:R v Van der Peet
1853:Daniels v Canada
1597:Toronto Purchase
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1790:specific claims
1781:(proposed 2005)
1766:Paix des Braves
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2654:Project E-Pana
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2491:
2486:
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2484:
2473:
2471:
2469:and misconduct
2461:
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2389:
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2374:
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2371:Long-term DWAs
2368:
2367:
2366:
2364:Joyce Echaquan
2361:
2359:Brian Sinclair
2353:
2348:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2331:
2329:Climate change
2326:
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2214:Chanie Wenjack
2207:
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2017:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1895:Mitchell v MNR
1891:
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1877:
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1793:
1792:
1782:
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1731:(1876–present)
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1555:
1549:
1543:
1540:Covenant Chain
1536:
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1516:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
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1471:Sources of law
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1467:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1453:Indigenous law
1445:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1391:
1390:External links
1388:
1385:
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1360:
1349:on 18 May 2017
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1190:
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1089:. October 2011
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944:Extinguishment
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868:Nemaiah Valley
779:status Indians
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538:Inuit religion
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313:
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259:
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247:Indigenous law
243:
240:
239:
236:
235:
232:
231:
229:Reconciliation
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112:September 2019
44:
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35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2862:
2860:
2859:
2858:Rustic Oracle
2855:
2853:
2851:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2842:Quiet Killing
2839:
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2832:
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2652:
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2637:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2606:and inquiries
2602:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2580:Red handprint
2578:
2574:
2573:Red Dress Day
2571:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2564:
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2559:
2556:
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2500:
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2450:Amber Tuccaro
2448:
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2441:
2438:
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2428:
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2415:Tina Fontaine
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2324:Child poverty
2322:
2320:
2317:
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2314:
2306:
2303:
2297:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2281:Indian agents
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
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2261:
2259:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2237:
2234:
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2232:
2231:Sixties Scoop
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2208:
2206:
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2201:
2198:
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2110:
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2072:
2068:
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2059:Haudenosaunee
2056:
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2050:
2046:
2045:Grand Council
2043:
2041:
2038:
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2035:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1972:R v Pamajewon
1969:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1943:Gladue report
1941:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1930:R v Gladstone
1927:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1916:Powley ruling
1913:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1904:
1903:
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1896:
1892:
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1553:
1552:Nanfan Treaty
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1530:Confederation
1526:
1523:
1519:Treaties and
1517:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1504:
1503:Treaty rights
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1463:customary law
1458:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1438:
1436:
1431:
1429:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
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1397:
1394:
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1364:
1348:
1344:
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1319:
1312:
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1274:
1263:
1256:
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1231:
1224:
1218:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1187:
1182:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1140:on 7 May 2009
1139:
1135:
1129:
1127:
1110:
1104:
1085:
1084:
1077:
1071:
1066:
1051:
1047:
1041:
1037:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1012:
1005:
1001:
998:and the 2016
997:
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991:
987:
985:
981:
979:
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969:
968:
967:
964:
962:
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949:
945:
942:
941:
940:
928:
925:
922:
919:
916:
913:
912:
911:
910:The process:
908:
905:
903:
902:First Nations
899:
895:
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883:
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861:
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730:
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687:
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673:
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670:First Nations
667:
663:
659:
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634:
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627:
625:
620:
619:
617:
616:
613:
602:
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591:
584:
581:
579:
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569:
568:First Nations
566:
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561:
559:
556:
555:
549:
548:
539:
536:
535:
534:
531:
530:
524:
523:
516:
515:Inuit grammar
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
477:
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462:Pacific Coast
460:
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448:
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366:
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359:
352:
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346:Organizations
344:
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339:
337:
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332:
331:Treaty rights
329:
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319:
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309:
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296:Land defender
294:
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270:
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262:Health Policy
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159:First Nations
156:
155:
154:
153:
149:
145:
144:
141:
136:
135:
126:
123:
115:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73: –
72:
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2847:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2807:Foster Child
2805:
2800:Finding Dawn
2798:
2700:
2658:
2646:
2553:History wars
2430:Serena McKay
2319:Birth alerts
2276:Potlatch ban
2212: /
2174:
2162:
2076:
2066:Pittailiniit
2064:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1951:R v Gonzales
1949:
1935:
1928:
1923:R v Drybones
1921:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1888:R v Marshall
1886:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1775:(since 2004)
1764:
1726:
1666:(1871–1921)
1655:
1588:Upper Canada
1575:
1508:
1363:
1351:. Retrieved
1347:the original
1337:
1325:. Retrieved
1318:the original
1305:
1293:. Retrieved
1286:the original
1273:
1249:
1237:. Retrieved
1230:the original
1217:
1201:
1193:
1181:
1174:The Province
1142:. Retrieved
1138:the original
1113:. Retrieved
1103:
1091:. Retrieved
1082:
1076:
1065:
1053:. Retrieved
1049:
1040:
1009:
999:
993:
983:
977:
971:
965:
958:
937:
909:
906:
891:
879:
864:Xeni Gwetʼin
857:
850:
846:Fraser River
834:
822:
811:
796:
789:
787:
782:
775:
766:
759:
753:
743:
733:
699:Because the
698:
676:
674:
653:
649:
647:
401:Demographics
384:Country food
271:
267:Idle No More
251:
171:
164:
157:
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
2865:Secret Path
2688:land claims
2604:Commissions
2351:Foster care
2271:Pass system
2266:Stereotypes
2083:Plains Cree
2078:Wahkohtowin
1979:R v Sparrow
1785:Land claims
1735:White Paper
1660:(1869–1876)
1649:(post-1867)
1580:(1857–1869)
1566:(1764–1784)
1560:(1725–1779)
1115:25 February
761:R v Sparrow
658:land claims
510:Chinuk pipa
490:Chinuk Wawa
474:Linguistics
457:Territories
427:Atlantic CA
291:Land claims
2924:Categories
2872:This River
2756:Oka Crisis
2684:Indigenous
2205:gravesites
2176:Indian Act
2147:Background
1986:Re Eskimos
1958:R v Guerin
1937:R v Gladue
1874:Kruger v R
1825:R v Badger
1728:Indian Act
1533:(pre-1867)
1353:25 October
1327:25 October
1295:25 October
1239:25 October
1093:19 January
1055:19 January
934:Criticisms
818:referendum
745:Indian Act
563:Indigenous
301:Land title
273:Indian Act
82:newspapers
2711:Land Back
2541:Responses
1621:Treaty 45
1572:(1850–54)
1032:Footnotes
527:Religions
286:Land Back
140:in Canada
2835:Pig Girl
2299:Specific
2192:Genocide
1810:Case law
1590:treaties
1399:Archived
1376:Archived
1262:Archived
1166:Archived
1015:See also
841:CA$ 13.9
725:Treaty 8
351:Politics
341:Case law
336:Genocide
241:Politics
212:Genocide
200:Genetics
190:Timeline
2674:Related
2623:Holiday
2548:AmINext
2499:Inquiry
2049:Miꞌkmaq
1965:R v Jim
1542:(1670s)
1144:29 July
888:Process
844:of the
729:Nisgaʼa
690:History
664:, with
656:) is a
363:Culture
184:History
96:scholar
2676:topics
2301:issues
2258:Racism
1769:(2002)
1761:(1998)
1755:(1995)
1749:(1993)
1743:(1975)
1737:(1969)
1629:(1836)
1623:(1836)
1617:(1827)
1611:(1815)
1605:(1798)
1599:(1787)
1554:(1701)
1548:(1701)
1208:
1202:Wasáse
1188:Update
1046:"FAQs"
900:, and
896:, the
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2879:Taken
2780:Media
2725:
2686:
2639:Legal
2613:IRSSA
2467:
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2310:
2071:Inuit
1379:(PDF)
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1289:(PDF)
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1258:(PDF)
1233:(PDF)
1226:(PDF)
1087:(PDF)
583:Stubs
578:Métis
573:Inuit
552:Index
420:Métis
389:Music
173:Métis
166:Inuit
103:JSTOR
89:books
2792:list
2482:2020
2210:list
1753:RCAP
1528:Pre-
1451:and
1355:2021
1329:2021
1297:2021
1241:2021
1206:ISBN
1146:2009
1117:2020
1095:2023
1057:2023
959:The
851:The
758:and
654:BCTP
648:The
500:NAPA
75:news
2723:and
946:of
719:on
668:'s
411:AB
369:Art
58:by
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