576:) results in a nonspecific immune response against mycobacteria. Administering BCG to someone who already has a nonspecific immune response against mycobacteria does not augment the response already there. BCG will, therefore, appear not to be efficacious because that person already has a level of immunity and BCG is not adding to that immunity. This effect is called masking because the effect of BCG is masked by environmental mycobacteria. Clinical evidence for this effect was found in a series of studies performed in parallel in adolescent school children in the UK and Malawi. In this study, the UK school children had a low baseline cellular immunity to mycobacteria which was increased by BCG; in contrast, the Malawi school children had a high baseline cellular immunity to mycobacteria and this was not significantly increased by BCG. Whether this natural immune response is protective is not known. An alternative explanation is suggested by mouse studies; immunity against mycobacteria stops BCG from replicating and so stops it from producing an immune response. This is called the block hypothesis.
2250:, France) in 1908. Their work included subculturing virulent strains of the tuberculosis bacillus and testing different culture media. They noted a glycerin-bile-potato mixture grew bacilli that seemed less virulent, and changed the course of their research to see if repeated subculturing would produce a strain that was attenuated enough to be considered for use as a vaccine. The BCG strain was isolated after subculturing 239 times during 13 years from virulent strain on glycerine potato medium. The research continued throughout World War I until 1919, when the now avirulent bacilli were unable to cause tuberculosis disease in research animals. Calmette and Guerin transferred to the Paris
632:
1856:
2092:. Because the living bacilli evolve to make the best use of available nutrients, they become less well-adapted to human blood and can no longer induce disease when introduced into a human host. Still, they are similar enough to their wild ancestors to provide some degree of immunity against human tuberculosis. The BCG vaccine can be anywhere from 0 to 80% effective in preventing tuberculosis for a duration of 15 years; however, its protective effect appears to vary according to geography and the lab in which the vaccine strain was grown.
958:
924:
1054:
1952:
42:
1504:
1472:
1408:
1760:
990:
1728:
1600:
1150:
1920:
1440:
1310:
1278:
1022:
1632:
1118:
1086:
892:
705:
1888:
1696:
1376:
1536:
1246:
1214:
1824:
1568:
1664:
1182:
1342:
1792:
1971:
1964:
1868:
1836:
1804:
1772:
1740:
1612:
1548:
1484:
1361:
1354:
1322:
1258:
1226:
1194:
1162:
1098:
1066:
943:
936:
904:
2174:
8809:
1939:
1932:
1907:
1900:
1875:
1843:
1811:
1779:
1747:
1715:
1708:
1683:
1676:
1651:
1644:
1619:
1587:
1580:
1555:
1523:
1516:
1491:
1459:
1452:
1427:
1420:
1395:
1388:
1329:
1297:
1290:
1265:
1233:
1201:
1169:
1137:
1130:
1105:
1073:
1041:
1034:
1009:
1002:
977:
970:
911:
4633:
561:, United Kingdom, examined children born to families who originated from the Indian subcontinent (where vaccine efficacy had previously been shown to be zero). The trial showed a 64% protective effect, which is very similar to the figure derived from other UK trials, thus arguing against the genetic variation hypothesis.
2288:(WHO)). Because of opposition, however, it only became widely used after World War II. From 1945 to 1948, relief organizations (International Tuberculosis Campaign or Joint Enterprises) vaccinated over eight million babies in eastern Europe and prevented the predicted typical increase of tuberculosis after a major war.
2265:, 251 infants were vaccinated in the first 10 days of life; 173 developed tuberculosis and 72 died. It was subsequently discovered that the BCG administered there had been contaminated with a virulent strain that was being stored in the same incubator, which led to legal action against the manufacturers of the vaccine.
5112:
2112:, which owns the Brazilian substrain M. bovis BCG Moreau which is less reactogenic than vaccines including other BCG strains. Pacis BCG, made from the Montréal (Institut Armand-Frappier) strain, was first marketed by Urocor in about 2002. Urocor was since acquired by Dianon Systems. Evans Vaccines (a subsidiary of
4625:
545:
A number of possible reasons for the variable efficacy of BCG in different countries have been proposed. None has been proven, some have been disproved, and none can explain the lack of efficacy in both low tuberculosis-burden countries (US) and high tuberculosis-burden countries (India). The reasons
502:
A 1994 systematic review found that BCG reduces the risk of getting tuberculosis by about 50%. Differences in effectiveness depend on region, due to factors such as genetic differences in the populations, changes in environment, exposure to other bacterial infections, and conditions in the laboratory
2364:
As of
January 2021, twenty BCG trials are in various clinical stages. As of October 2022, the results are extremely mixed. A 15-month trial involving people thrice-vaccinated over the two years before the pandemic shows positive results in preventing infection in BCG-naive people with type
2151:
gave the permission for Sanofi to resume production of BCG. A 2018 analysis of the global supply concluded that the supplies are adequate to meet forecast BCG vaccine demand, but that risks of shortages remain, mainly due to dependence of 75 percent of WHO pre-qualified supply on just two suppliers.
832:
The age of the person and the frequency with which BCG is given has always varied from country to country. The WHO recommends childhood BCG for all countries with a high incidence of tuberculosis and/or high leprosy burden. This is a partial list of historic and active BCG practice around the globe.
2120:
in
Denmark has marketed BCG vaccine prepared using Danish strain 1331. The production of BCG Danish strain 1331 and its distribution was later undertaken by AJVaccines company since the ownership transfer of SSI's vaccine production business to AJ Vaccines Holding A/S which took place on 16 January
743:
immediately, otherwise without treatment it could spread the infection, causing severe damage to vital organs. An abscess is not always associated with incorrect administration, and it is one of the more common complications that can occur with the vaccination. Numerous medical studies on treatment
514:
The duration of protection of BCG is not clearly known. In those studies showing a protective effect, the data are inconsistent. The MRC study showed protection waned to 59% after 15 years and to zero after 20 years; however, a study looking at Native
Americans immunized in the 1930s found evidence
436:
Rates of protection against tuberculosis infection vary widely and protection lasts up to 20 years. Among children, it prevents about 20% from getting infected and among those who do get infected, it protects half from developing disease. The vaccine is given by injection into the skin. No evidence
420:
is common, one dose is recommended in healthy babies as soon after birth as possible. In areas where tuberculosis is not common, only children at high risk are typically immunized, while suspected cases of tuberculosis are individually tested for and treated. Adults who do not have tuberculosis and
2039:
Iran: Iran's vaccination policy implemented in 1984. Vaccination with the
Bacillus CalmetteâGuerin (BCG) is among the most important tuberculosis control strategies in Iran . According to Iranian neonatal vaccination policy, BCG has been given as a single dose at children aged <6 years, shortly
2000:
Japan: In Japan, BCG was introduced in 1951, given typically at age 6. From 2005 it is administered between five and eight months after birth, and no later than a child's first birthday. BCG was administered no later than the fourth birthday until 2005, and no later than six months from birth from
812:
When BCG is used for bladder cancer, around 2.9% of treated patients discontinue immunotherapy due to a genitourinary or systemic BCG-related infection, however while symptomatic bladder BCG infection is frequent, the involvement of other organs is very uncommon. When systemic involvement occurs,
498:
The most controversial aspect of BCG is the variable efficacy found in different clinical trials, which appears to depend on geography. Trials conducted in the UK have consistently shown a protective effect of 60 to 80%, but those conducted elsewhere have shown no protective effect, and efficacy
2295:
in the pediatric age group, but its efficacy against pulmonary tuberculosis appears to be variable. Some countries have removed the BCG vaccine from routine vaccination. Two countries that have never used it routinely are the United States and the
Netherlands (in both countries, it is felt that
2189:
had demonstrated that rabbits could be infected with tuberculosis from humans; by 1868 he had found that rabbits could be infected with tuberculosis from cows, and that rabbits could be infected with tuberculosis from other rabbits. Thus, he concluded that tuberculosis was transmitted via some
2128:
report published in
December 2015, on BCG vaccine supply security, global demand increased in 2015 from 123 to 152.2 million doses. To improve security and to sources of affordable and flexible supply," UNICEF awarded seven new manufacturers contracts to produce BCG. Along with supply
5239:
5104:
2095:
A number of different companies make BCG, sometimes using different genetic strains of the bacterium. This may result in different product characteristics. OncoTICE, used for bladder instillation for bladder cancer, was developed by
Organon Laboratories (since acquired by
2141:
plant flooded, causing problems with mold. The facility, located in
Toronto, Ontario, Canada, produced BCG vaccine products made with substrain Connaught such as a tuberculosis vaccine and ImmuCYST, a BCG immunotherapeutic and bladder cancer drug. By April 2012 the
2146:
had found dozens of documented problems with sterility at the plant including mold, nesting birds and rusted electrical conduits. The resulting closure of the plant for over two years caused shortages of bladder cancer and tuberculosis vaccines. On 29 October 2014
448:. Although no harmful effects on the fetus have been observed, there is insufficient evidence about the safety of BCG vaccination during pregnancy and therefore the vaccine is not recommended for use during pregnancy. The vaccine was originally developed from
3509:
Black GF, Weir RE, Floyd S, Bliss L, Warndorff DK, Crampin AC, et al. (April 2002). "BCG-induced increase in interferon-gamma response to mycobacterial antigens and efficacy of BCG vaccination in Malawi and the UK: two randomised controlled studies".
2164:
and become fine powder. Sometimes the powder is sealed with vacuum in a glass ampoule. Such a glass ampoule has to be opened slowly to prevent the airflow from blowing out the powder. Then the powder has to be diluted with saline water before injecting.
4294:
Cabas P, Rizzo M, GiuffrĂš M, Antonello RM, Trombetta C, Luzzati R, et al. (February 2021). "BCG infection (BCGitis) following intravesical instillation for bladder cancer and time interval between treatment and presentation: A systematic review".
506:
A systematic review and meta-analysis conducted in 2014 demonstrated that the BCG vaccine reduced infections by 19â27% and reduced progression to active tuberculosis by 71%. The studies included in this review were limited to those that used
3379:
Fine PE, Carneiro IA, Milstein JB, Clements CJ (1999). "Chapter 8: Reasons for variable efficacy". Issues relating to the use of BCG in immunization programmes: a discussion document (Report). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health
Organization.
744:
of these abscesses with antibiotics have been done with varying results, but the consensus is once pus is aspirated and analysed, provided no unusual bacilli are present, the abscess will generally heal on its own in a matter of weeks.
842:
Brazil introduced universal BCG immunization in 1967â1968, and the practice continues until now. According to
Brazilian law, BCG is given again to professionals of the health sector and to people close to patients with tuberculosis or
1993:
South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan and Malaysia. In these countries, BCG was given at birth and again at age 12. In Malaysia and Singapore from 2001, this policy was changed to once only at birth. South Korea stopped re-vaccination in
2859:
Houghton BB, Chalasani V, Hayne D, Grimison P, Brown CS, Patel MI, et al. (May 2013). "Intravesical chemotherapy plus bacille Calmette-Guérin in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis".
2129:
availability from existing manufacturers, and a "new WHO prequalified vaccine" the total supply will be "sufficient to meet both suppressed 2015 demand carried over to 2016, as well as total forecast demand through 2016â2018."
2011:
India and Pakistan: India and Pakistan introduced BCG mass immunization in 1948, the first countries outside Europe to do so. In 2015, millions of infants were denied BCG vaccine in Pakistan for the first time due to shortage
3017:"The role of BCG vaccine in the prevention and control of tuberculosis in the United States. A joint statement by the Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices"
7530:
2397:
3823:
Rentsch CA, BirkhÀuser FD, Biot C, Gsponer JR, Bisiaux A, Wetterauer C, et al. (October 2014). "Bacillus Calmette-Guérin strain differences have an impact on clinical outcome in bladder cancer immunotherapy".
2360:
Use of the BCG vaccine may provide protection against COVID-19. However, epidemiologic observations in this respect are ambiguous. The WHO does not recommend its use for prevention as of 12 January 2021.
820:), it can cause disseminated or life-threatening infection. The documented incidence of this happening is less than one per million immunizations given. In 2007, the WHO stopped recommending BCG for infants with
2025:
Sri Lanka: In Sri Lanka, The National Policy of Sri Lanka is to give BCG vaccination to all newborn babies immediately after birth. BCG vaccination is carried out under the Expanded Programme of Immunisation
770:
is most frequently used because the local complication rate is smallest when that site is used. Nonetheless, the buttock is an alternative site of administration because it provides better cosmetic outcomes.
6089:
5209:
4199:
Nummi A, JÀrvinen R, Sairanen J, Huotari K (4 May 2019). "A retrospective study on tolerability and complications of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) instillations for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer".
3354:
679:
in this disease. While the mechanism is unclear, it appears a local immune reaction is mounted against the tumor. Immunotherapy with BCG prevents recurrence in up to 67% of cases of superficial bladder
6310:
2390:"Summary for ARTG Entry:53569 BCG VACCINE Mycobacterium bovis (Mycobacterium bovis (Bacillus Calmette and Guerin (BCG) strain) (BCG) strain) 1.5mg powder for injection multidose vial with diluent vial"
6818:
3275:
Aronson NE, Santosham M, Comstock GW, Howard RS, Moulton LH, Rhoades ER, et al. (May 2004). "Long-term efficacy of BCG vaccine in American Indians and Alaska Natives: A 60-year follow-up study".
3142:
Colditz GA, Brewer TF, Berkey CS, Wilson ME, Burdick E, Fineberg HV, et al. (March 1994). "Efficacy of BCG vaccine in the prevention of tuberculosis. Meta-analysis of the published literature".
7497:
557:
Genetic variation in populations: Differences in genetic make-up of different populations may explain the difference in efficacy. The Birmingham BCG trial was published in 1988. The trial, based in
587:
response is required for an effective immune response to tuberculous infection, concurrent infection with various parasites produces a simultaneous Th2 response, which blunts the effect of BCG.
4375:
Trunz BB, Fine P, Dye C (April 2006). "Effect of BCG vaccination on childhood tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis worldwide: a meta-analysis and assessment of cost-effectiveness".
6279:
720:
skin test is a contraindication to BCG due to the risk of severe local inflammation and scarring; it does not indicate any immunity. BCG is also contraindicated in certain people who have
2050:
South Africa: In South Africa, the BCG Vaccine is given routinely at birth, to all newborns, except those with clinically symptomatic AIDS. The vaccination site is in the right shoulder.
809:) and disseminated BCG infection are rare complications of BCG vaccination, but potentially life-threatening. Systemic antituberculous therapy may be helpful in severe complications.
241:
8859:
7522:
2429:
6213:
5554:
5142:
5345:
3620:"Failure of the Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine: some species of environmental mycobacteria block multiplication of BCG and induction of protective immunity to tuberculosis"
2389:
2521:
2216:
in preventing smallpox, established during the 18th century, scientists thought to find a corollary in tuberculosis by drawing a parallel between bovine tuberculosis and
824:, even if the risk of exposure to tuberculosis is high, because of the risk of disseminated BCG infection (which is roughly 400 per 100,000 in that higher risk context).
6927:
4967:
4877:
2220:: it was hypothesized that infection with bovine tuberculosis might protect against infection with human tuberculosis. In the late 19th century, clinical trials using
660:(NMIBC)" since 1977. By 2014 there were more than eight different considered biosimilar agents or strains used for the treatment of nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer.
6894:
6475:
5637:
6085:
2365:
1 diabetes. On the other hand, a 5-month trial shows that re-vaccinating with BCG does not help prevent infection in healthcare workers. Both of these trials were
6720:
5201:
6615:
6561:
6442:
3346:
6302:
5607:
5523:
675:
of superficial forms of bladder cancer. Since the late 1970s, evidence has become available that instillation of BCG into the bladder is an effective form of
6810:
4077:
186:
6733:
From p. 189: "Considering all these facts, I feel justified in maintaining that human tuberculosis differs from bovine and cannot be transmitted to cattle."
6111:
7486:
7597:"Safety and efficacy of BCG re-vaccination in relation to COVID-19 morbidity in healthcare workers: A double-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial"
3862:
Brandau S, Suttmann H (July 2007). "Thirty years of BCG immunotherapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a success story with room for improvement".
2300:
and therefore being able to accurately detect active disease is more beneficial to society than vaccinating against a condition that is relatively rare).
754:
When given for bladder cancer, the vaccine is not injected through the skin, but is instilled into the bladder through the urethra using a soft catheter.
3310:
Rodrigues LC, Diwan VK, Wheeler JG (December 1993). "Protective effect of BCG against tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis: a meta-analysis".
856:
The United States has never used mass immunization of BCG due to the rarity of tuberculosis in the US, relying instead on the detection and treatment of
6701:"An address on the combatting of tuberculosis in the light of experience that has been gained in the successful combatting of other infectious diseases"
6515:"Les virus, comme les parasites, se multiplient eux-mĂȘme, nous ne leur fournissons que les moyens de vivre et de se reproduire, jamais nous les crĂ©ons."
5952:
7657:
2280:
were used as involuntary participants in BCG vaccine trials between 1933 and 1945. In 1928, the BCG vaccine was adopted by the Health Committee of the
747:
The characteristic raised scar that BCG immunization leaves is often used as proof of prior immunization. This scar must be distinguished from that of
537:(WHO), although the development of new vaccines with greater efficacy against adult pulmonary tuberculosis may be needed to make substantial progress.
8712:
2461:
6167:
3117:
2015:
Mongolia: All newborns are vaccinated with BCG. Previously, the vaccine was also given at ages 8 and 15, although this is no longer common practice.
6271:
3604:
2580:
465:. As of 2004, the vaccine is given to about 100 million children per year globally. However, it is not commonly administered in the United States.
4840:
7855:
4818:
2276:
in Saskatchewan, was among the pioneers in developing the practice of vaccination against tuberculosis. In Canada, more than 600 children from
2019:
6245:
3899:"A randomized trial of intravesical doxorubicin and immunotherapy with bacille Calmette-Guérin for transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder"
2555:
7744:
6008:
2960:
The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023)
850:
Canadian Indigenous communities receive the BCG vaccine, and in the province of Quebec the vaccine was offered to children until the mid-70s.
102:
5982:
5175:
4696:
3582:
7895:
7890:
7215:
5014:
522:
or tuberculosis meningitis, so it is still extensively used even in countries where efficacy against pulmonary tuberculosis is negligible.
8849:
5927:
4726:
4183:
2419:
6205:
4600:
17:
8854:
5546:
5315:
5134:
6992:"Small randomized trial among low-birth-weight children receiving bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination at first health center contact"
6517:(Viruses, like parasites, multiply themselves; we merely furnish them with the means of living and reproducing; we never create them.)
6503:"La tuberculose est inoculable, voilĂ maintenant un fait incontestable. DĂ©sormais cette affection devra se placer parmi les maladies
3752:
2277:
833:
A complete atlas of past and present practice has been generated. As of 2022, 155 countries offer the BCG vaccine in their schedule.
525:
The 100th anniversary of the BCG vaccine was in 2021. It remains the only vaccine licensed against tuberculosis, which is an ongoing
5337:
4904:"Vaccinations against smallpox and tuberculosis are associated with better long-term survival: a Danish case-cohort study 1971-2010"
6951:"Randomized trial of BCG vaccination at birth to low-birth-weight children: beneficial nonspecific effects in the neonatal period?"
421:
have not been previously immunized, but are frequently exposed, may be immunized, as well. BCG also has some effectiveness against
5448:
Styblo K, Meijer J (March 1976). "Impact of BCG vaccination programmes in children and young adults on the tuberculosis problem".
8292:
7239:"Long-term reduction in hyperglycemia in advanced type 1 diabetes: the value of induced aerobic glycolysis with BCG vaccinations"
5798:
8076:
6063:
5920:
5253:
2513:
7905:
6919:
4959:
4870:
503:
where the vaccine is grown, including genetic differences between the strains being cultured and the choice of growth medium.
8763:
8691:
6888:
6043:
774:
BCG vaccine should be given intradermally. If given subcutaneously, it may induce local infection and spread to the regional
672:
462:
2121:
2017. Japan BCG Laboratory markets its vaccine, based on the Tokyo 172 substrain of Pasteur BCG, in 50 countries worldwide.
8297:
5741:"Timeliness of routine vaccination among children and determinants associated with age-appropriate vaccination in Mongolia"
5491:
2491:
6875:
5629:
3669:"The effect of helminth infection on vaccine responses in humans and animal models: A systematic review and meta-analysis"
801:
abscesses can occur due to haematogenous (carried by the blood) and lymphangiomatous spread. Regional bone infection (BCG
708:
An apparatus (4â5 cm length, with 9 short needles) used for BCG vaccination in Japan, shown with ampules of BCG and saline
8329:
8081:
8007:
7860:
6145:
4245:"Clinical Spectrum of Complications Induced by Intravesical Immunotherapy of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin for Bladder Cancer"
2908:"Effect of BCG vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children: systematic review and meta-analysis"
7687:
4047:
3039:
8739:
8046:
7679:
4418:
Mak TK, Hesseling AC, Hussey GD, Cotton MF (September 2008). "Making BCG vaccination programmes safer in the HIV era".
444:
may also form with some scarring after healing. Side effects are more common and potentially more severe in those with
153:
6700:
2066:
Australia: BCG vaccination was used between 1950s and mid 1980. BCG is not part of routine vaccination since mid 1980.
656:
BCG has been one of the most successful immunotherapies. BCG vaccine has been the "standard of care for patients with
8151:
6603:
6549:
6430:
5289:
2315:
of BCG vaccination on overall mortality in low income countries, or for its reducing other health problems including
817:
579:
Interference by concurrent parasitic infection: In another hypothesis, simultaneous infection with parasites such as
2721:
Hawgood BJ (August 2007). "Albert Calmette (1863-1933) and Camille Guérin (1872-1961): the C and G of BCG vaccine".
8780:
8718:
7688:
5603:
2393:
2202:
presented differences between human and bovine tuberculosis, which he reported to Koch. By 1901 Koch distinguished
786:. Conservative management is usually adequate for nonsuppurative lymphadenitis. If suppuration occurs, it may need
6578:(Pearl disease is identical with the tuberculosis of humans and thus a disease that can be transmitted to them.)
5069:
Gabriele F, Katragkou A, Roilides E (October 2014). "BCG vaccination policy in Greece: time for another review?".
4338:
World Health Organization (May 2007). "Revised BCG vaccination guidelines for infants at risk for HIV infection".
4069:
2340:
is conducting a study comparing the efficacy of injected versus inhaled BCG vaccine in already-vaccinated adults.
8339:
8307:
8302:
8131:
6641:"Bovine tuberculosis and the establishment of an eradication program in the United States: role of veterinarians"
6115:
2312:
2088:, that has lost its ability to cause disease in humans. It is specially subcultured in a culture medium, usually
226:
134:
6509:(Tuberculosis inoculation; that's now an incontestable fact. Henceforth this malady should be placed among the
2514:"BCG Vaccine- bacillus CalmetteâGuerin substrain TICE live antigen injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution"
2069:
New Zealand: BCG Immunisation was first introduced for 13 yr olds in 1948. Vaccination was phased out 1963â1990.
762:
BCG immunization generally causes some pain and scarring at the site of injection. The main adverse effects are
8844:
8397:
8002:
6840:
Brimnes N (2007). "Vikings against tuberculosis: the International Tuberculosis Campaign in India, 1948-1951".
6576:"Die Perlsucht ist identisch mit der Tuberculose des Menschen und also eine auf diesen ĂŒbertragbare Krankheit."
5717:
508:
440:
Serious side effects are rare. Often, redness, swelling, and mild pain occur at the site of injection. A small
7286:
Kowalewicz-Kulbat M, Locht C (July 2017). "BCG and protection against inflammatory and auto-immune diseases".
4788:
2303:
Other names include "Vaccin Bilié de Calmette et Guérin vaccine" and "Bacille de Calmette et Guérin vaccine".
8195:
7900:
6745:"Exploring virulence in Mycobacterium bovis: clues from comparative genomics and perspectives for the future"
5948:
4556:
Kaur G, Danovaro-Holliday MC, Mwinnyaa G, Gacic-Dobo M, Francis L, Grevendonk J, et al. (October 2023).
3771:"Protective efficacy of a DNA vaccine encoding antigen 85A from Mycobacterium bovis BCG against Buruli ulcer"
3066:""To BCG or not to BCG, that is the question!". The challenge of BCG vaccination: Why can't we get it right?"
2053:
Morocco: In Morocco, the BCG was introduced in 1949. The policy is BCG vaccination at birth, to all newborns.
2005:
side effects from vaccinations at 3â4 months. Some municipalities recommend an earlier immunization schedule.
5667:
2451:
7546:"Multiple BCG vaccinations for the prevention of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases in type 1 diabetes"
7380:"Multiple BCG vaccinations for the prevention of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases in type 1 diabetes"
5869:
Sadeghi-Shanbestari M, Ansarin K, Maljaei SH, Rafeey M, Pezeshki Z, Kousha A, et al. (December 2009).
3618:
Brandt L, Feino Cunha J, Weinreich Olsen A, Chilima B, Hirsch P, Appelberg R, et al. (February 2002).
2549:
821:
573:
333:
7595:
Upton CM, van Wijk RC, Mockeliunas L, Simonsson US, McHarry K, van den Hoogen G, et al. (June 2022).
5105:"ÎÎčαÎșÎżÏÎź ÏÎ·Ï Î”ÏαÏÎŒÎżÎłÎźÏ ÎșαΞολÎčÎșÎżÏ Î±ÎœÏÎčÏÏ
ΌαÏÎčÎșÎżÏ Î”ÎŒÎČολÎčαÏÎŒÎżÏ (ΔΌÎČÏλÎčÎż BCG) ÏÏα ÏαÎčÎŽÎčÎŹ ÏÎ·Ï ÎÎ ÎÎ·ÎŒÎżÏÎčÎșÎżÏ 2016"
3180:
Fine PE (November 1995). "Variation in protection by BCG: implications of and for heterologous immunity".
739:, then a local abscess may form (a "BCG-oma") that can sometimes ulcerate, and may require treatment with
6178:
5871:"Immunologic aspects of patients with disseminated bacille Calmette-Guerin disease in north-west of Iran"
3113:
2369:
426:
5682:
5426:
2587:
8799:
8317:
7754:
7737:
2208:
2113:
175:
67:
5039:
4534:
3897:
Lamm DL, Blumenstein BA, Crawford ED, Montie JE, Scardino P, Grossman HB, et al. (October 1991).
3667:
Natukunda A, Zirimenya L, Nassuuna J, Nkurunungi G, Cose S, Elliott AM, et al. (September 2022).
8367:
3721:
2955:
2285:
2243:
534:
7544:
Faustman DL, Lee A, Hostetter ER, Aristarkhova A, Ng NC, Shpilsky GF, et al. (September 2022).
7378:
Faustman DL, Lee A, Hostetter ER, Aristarkhova A, Ng NC, Shpilsky GF, et al. (September 2022).
4810:
2543:
8834:
8322:
8287:
8282:
8277:
7651:
6234:
5513:
530:
6004:
4848:
4657:"Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination patterns in the province of Québec, Canada, 1956-1974"
3722:"Do successful tuberculosis vaccines need to be immunoregulatory rather than merely Th1-boosting?"
8768:
8701:
8682:
8478:
8450:
8412:
8407:
8387:
7910:
7039:
Darrah PA, Zeppa JJ, Maiello P, Hackney JA, Wadsworth MH, Hughes TK, et al. (January 2020).
5974:
5164:
4700:
3554:
691:
is evaluating BCG as an adjuvant to autologous tumour cells used as a cancer vaccine in stage II
164:
92:
47:
7211:
5632:[Q & A about tuberculosis and BCG vaccine, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare].
5007:
564:
Interference by nontuberculous mycobacteria: Exposure to environmental mycobacteria (especially
8839:
8749:
8678:
7672:
6990:
Biering-SĂžrensen S, Aaby P, Napirna BM, Roth A, Ravn H, Rodrigues A, et al. (March 2012).
5314:[Vaccines available; Vaccines / Spanish Association of Vaccination]. 20 December 2018.
2906:
Roy A, Eisenhut M, Harris RJ, Rodrigues LC, Sridhar S, Habermann S, et al. (August 2014).
2684:
World Health Organization (February 2018). "BCG vaccines: WHO position paper â February 2018".
2292:
2273:
2117:
963:
813:
liver and lungs are the first organs to be affected (1 week after the last BCG instillation).
736:
603:
6589:
6465:
4722:
4180:
3347:"Tuberculosis kills as many people each year as COVID-19. It's time we found a better vaccine"
8744:
8578:
8573:
8024:
7970:
7880:
4557:
3598:
2327:
2186:
2089:
853:
Most countries in Central and South America have universal BCG immunizations, as does Mexico.
631:
569:
479:
179:
5311:
3401:
Brosch R, Gordon SV, Garnier T, Eiglmeier K, Frigui W, Valenti P, et al. (March 2007).
1990:
China: Introduced in 1930s. Increasingly widespread after 1949. Majority inoculated by 1979.
8627:
8568:
8359:
7997:
7875:
7826:
7793:
7727:
7440:
7331:"BCG Vaccination: A potential tool against COVID-19 and COVID-19-like Black Swan incidents"
7167:
7111:
7052:
5752:
5285:
5008:"relatif à l'obligation de vaccination par le BCG des professionnels listés aux articles L"
3414:
2334:
748:
713:
618:
519:
349:
342:
6333:"Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine: A global assessment of demand and supply balance"
4902:
Rieckmann A, Villumsen M, SĂžrup S, Haugaard LK, Ravn H, Roth A, et al. (April 2017).
2319:
and respiratory infections when given early, with greater benefit the earlier it is used.
112:
8:
8550:
8516:
8402:
8225:
8168:
8163:
8109:
7940:
7808:
7780:
7732:
3939:
2084:
1315:
857:
565:
488:. BCG vaccine can be administered after birth intradermally. BCG vaccination can cause a
450:
441:
8220:
7960:
7444:
7171:
7115:
7056:
6771:
6744:
5756:
4587:
3418:
668:
use BCG as an additive to provide an initial stimulation of the person's immune systems.
8583:
8417:
8158:
8119:
8104:
7980:
7965:
7950:
7870:
7788:
7647:
7621:
7596:
7572:
7545:
7463:
7428:
7404:
7379:
7355:
7330:
7311:
7263:
7238:
7193:
7137:
7075:
7040:
7021:
6811:"First Nation infants subject to "human experimental work" for TB vaccine in 1930s-40s"
6680:
6667:
6640:
6406:
6381:
6357:
6332:
5897:
5870:
5846:
5821:
5775:
5740:
5395:
5368:
4941:
4928:
4903:
4443:
4400:
4320:
4271:
4244:
4225:
4166:
4149:
4125:
4100:
4016:
3991:
3967:
3693:
3668:
3535:
3486:
3461:
3437:
3402:
3252:
3227:
3226:
Venkataswamy MM, Goldberg MF, Baena A, Chan J, Jacobs WR, Porcelli SA (February 2012).
3205:
3090:
3065:
2932:
2907:
2885:
2836:
2809:
2785:
2768:
2746:
554:
in the BCG strains used may explain the variable efficacy reported in different trials.
515:
of protection even 60 years after immunization, with only a slight waning in efficacy.
80:
6716:
5806:
4431:
4388:
3644:
3619:
3523:
3193:
2258:
8829:
8706:
8673:
8506:
8347:
8237:
8126:
7987:
7812:
7775:
7665:
7626:
7577:
7468:
7409:
7360:
7303:
7268:
7197:
7185:
7141:
7129:
7080:
7013:
6972:
6884:
6857:
6776:
6672:
6411:
6362:
6059:
6039:
5931:
5902:
5851:
5780:
5585:
5465:
5461:
5400:
5260:
5086:
4933:
4678:
4592:
4435:
4392:
4357:
4324:
4312:
4276:
4229:
4217:
4171:
4130:
4021:
3959:
3920:
3879:
3841:
3800:
3795:
3770:
3744:
3698:
3649:
3574:
3555:"Effects of infection with atypical mycobacteria on BCG vaccination and tuberculosis"
3527:
3491:
3442:
3327:
3292:
3257:
3197:
3159:
3155:
3095:
3031:
2937:
2877:
2873:
2841:
2790:
2738:
2703:
2629:
2612:
Yamamoto S, Yamamoto T (November 2007). "Historical review of BCG vaccine in Japan".
2281:
2251:
791:
787:
684:
626:
551:
445:
279:
266:
253:
126:
8652:
6949:
Aaby P, Roth A, Ravn H, Napirna BM, Rodrigues A, Lisse IM, et al. (July 2011).
6684:
6382:"Preparation and properties of a freeze-dried B.C.G. vaccine of increased stability"
4404:
3971:
3940:"Towards therapeutic vaccines for colorectal carcinoma: a review of clinical trials"
3786:
3539:
3228:"In vitro culture medium influences the vaccine efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis BCG"
3209:
2889:
2750:
2239:
413:
8632:
8617:
8473:
8334:
8247:
7616:
7608:
7567:
7557:
7458:
7448:
7399:
7391:
7350:
7342:
7315:
7295:
7258:
7250:
7175:
7119:
7070:
7060:
7025:
7003:
6962:
6849:
6766:
6756:
6712:
6662:
6652:
6401:
6393:
6352:
6344:
5892:
5882:
5841:
5833:
5770:
5760:
5457:
5390:
5380:
5078:
4945:
4923:
4915:
4668:
4582:
4572:
4447:
4427:
4384:
4347:
4304:
4266:
4256:
4209:
4161:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4011:
4003:
3951:
3910:
3871:
3833:
3790:
3782:
3736:
3688:
3680:
3639:
3631:
3566:
3519:
3481:
3473:
3432:
3422:
3381:
3319:
3284:
3247:
3239:
3189:
3151:
3085:
3077:
2992:
2963:
2927:
2919:
2869:
2831:
2821:
2780:
2730:
2693:
2621:
2337:
816:
If BCG is accidentally given to an immunocompromised patient (e.g., an infant with
209:
199:
8173:
7299:
6348:
5765:
5739:
Rauniyar SK, Munkhbat E, Ueda P, Yoneoka D, Shibuya K, Nomura S (September 2020).
5419:"ĐĐĐĄ ĐĐĐĐ:ĐĐĐĐĐ - ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒĐ° ĐżĐŸŃŃĐșŃ, Đ°ĐœĐ°Đ»ŃĐ·Ń ŃĐ° ĐŒĐŸĐœŃŃĐŸŃĐžĐœĐłŃ ĐœĐŸŃĐŒĐ°ŃĐžĐČĐœĐŸ-ĐżŃĐ°ĐČĐŸĐČĐŸŃ Đ±Đ°Đ·Đž"
5369:"The BCG World Atlas: a database of global BCG vaccination policies and practices"
5202:"Coronavirus: More "striking" evidence BCG vaccine might protect against Covid-19"
4673:
4656:
4308:
4213:
3740:
3635:
3243:
8813:
8637:
8435:
8242:
8200:
8086:
8066:
8036:
8019:
7945:
7935:
7865:
7804:
7800:
7749:
7612:
7453:
7346:
7008:
6991:
5385:
4187:
3875:
3837:
3717:
2349:
2235:
2097:
1509:
409:
7237:
KĂŒhtreiber WM, Tran L, Kim T, Dybala M, Nguyen B, Plager S, et al. (2018).
5483:
3915:
3898:
2625:
2483:
2238:, a French physician and bacteriologist, and his assistant and later colleague,
8774:
8501:
8392:
8352:
8232:
8053:
7992:
7562:
7395:
7180:
7155:
7124:
7099:
6761:
3570:
3407:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2323:
2269:
2199:
2138:
2101:
1957:
1059:
767:
732:
721:
665:
657:
646:
622:
600:
Leprosy: BCG has a protective effect against leprosy in the range of 20 to 80%.
489:
430:
7429:"BCG epidemiology supports its protection against COVID-19? A word of caution"
7254:
7065:
6689:
From p. 2: "In 1895, Smith visited Koch in Europe and described his findings."
6137:
794:
may be required. Evidence for the treatment of these complications is scarce.
546:
for variable efficacy have been discussed at length in a WHO document on BCG.
8823:
8657:
8642:
8612:
8607:
8462:
8215:
8210:
8114:
7759:
6474:] (in French). Paris, France: J.-B. BailliĂšre et fils. pp. 528â597.
4039:
3955:
3462:"Protective effect of BCG vaccination in infant Asians: a case-control study"
3288:
3016:
2734:
2456:
2424:
2161:
2148:
2109:
2056:
Kenya: In Kenya, the BCG Vaccine is given routinely at birth to all newborns.
802:
783:
676:
584:
580:
454:, which is commonly found in cattle. While it has been weakened, it is still
41:
8014:
6967:
6950:
6397:
6272:"UPDATED: Merck again shipping BCG cancer treatment but Sanofi still is not"
5887:
3427:
3323:
33:
8734:
8377:
8272:
8205:
8146:
8141:
7821:
7712:
7692:
7630:
7581:
7472:
7413:
7364:
7307:
7272:
7189:
7133:
7084:
7041:"Prevention of tuberculosis in macaques after intravenous BCG immunization"
7017:
6976:
6861:
6780:
6676:
6415:
6366:
5906:
5855:
5837:
5784:
5404:
5090:
4937:
4682:
4655:
Rousseau MC, Conus F, KĂą K, El-Zein M, Parent MĂ, Menzies D (August 2017).
4596:
4577:
4439:
4396:
4361:
4316:
4280:
4261:
4221:
4175:
4134:
4098:
4040:"BestBets: Is medical therapy effective in the treatment of BCG abscesses?"
4025:
3963:
3883:
3845:
3804:
3769:
Tanghe A, Content J, Van Vooren JP, Portaels F, Huygen K (September 2001).
3748:
3702:
3653:
3531:
3446:
3296:
3261:
3099:
2941:
2881:
2845:
2794:
2742:
2707:
2633:
2366:
2297:
692:
650:
642:
492:
485:
455:
429:
infections. Additionally, it is sometimes used as part of the treatment of
422:
405:
204:
194:
171:
7523:"Studies found for BCG Recruiting, Active, not recruiting Studies Covid19"
6853:
6657:
6598:
See § "Two varieties of the tubercle bacillus from mammals." pp. 149-161.
5589:
5469:
5082:
3924:
3578:
3495:
3331:
3201:
3163:
3081:
3035:
3014:
8521:
8372:
8178:
8061:
7955:
7817:
7708:
7700:
5312:"Vacunas disponibles | Vacunas / AsociaciĂłn Española de VacunologĂa"
5234:[Tuberculosis vaccination - guide for healthcare professionals].
4919:
4007:
3477:
2213:
2195:
1861:
1477:
775:
740:
728:
120:
6528:
5367:
Zwerling A, Behr MA, Verma A, Brewer TF, Menzies D, Pai M (March 2011).
4352:
2997:
2968:
2698:
306:
8647:
8622:
8312:
8262:
7156:"The trick that could inject new life into an old tuberculosis vaccine"
5868:
5231:
4751:
4555:
4099:
Cuello-GarcĂa CA, PĂ©rez-Gaxiola G, JimĂ©nez GutiĂ©rrez C (January 2013).
3617:
3386:
2826:
717:
688:
635:
558:
317:
75:
7427:
Szigeti R, Kellermayer D, Trakimas G, Kellermayer R (7 October 2020).
6743:
Mitermite M, Elizari JM, Ma R, Farrell D, Gordon SV (September 2023).
6303:"Sanofi Canada vax plant again producing ImmuCyst bladder cancer drug"
3985:
3983:
3981:
3684:
2923:
2330:. Some risks must be evaluated before it can be translated to humans.
596:
BCG has protective effects against some nontuberculosis mycobacteria.
8696:
8267:
8135:
7704:
7426:
6035:
5340:[Tuberculosis (TB) - on vaccination - Public Health Agency].
2079:
2018:
Philippines: BCG vaccine started in the Philippines in 1979 with the
1413:
645:
of bladder neck tissue due to Bacillus CalmetteâGuĂ©rin used to treat
639:
106:
6920:"đ Vaccin BiliĂ© de Calmette et GuĂ©rin - DĂ©finition et Explications"
5803:
The National Programme for tuberculosis Control & Chest Diseases
5709:
4626:"Bacille CalmetteâGuerin (BCG) Information for Health Professionals"
3666:
2262:
704:
8538:
8531:
8526:
8496:
8252:
8188:
8183:
4780:
3992:"Tuberculosis Vaccine Development: Progress in Clinical Evaluation"
3978:
2348:
As of 2017, BCG vaccine is in the early stages of being studied in
2182:
2008:
Thailand: In Thailand, the BCG vaccine is given routinely at birth.
2002:
1765:
1733:
1605:
995:
806:
526:
376:
369:
297:
148:
6492:(Sixteenth study: Tuberculosis can be transmitted by inoculation))
5822:"SARS-CoV-2 Rates in BCG-Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Young Adults"
2581:"Freeze - dried glutamate BCG vaccine (Japan) for intradermal use"
2198:
regarded human and bovine tuberculosis as identical. But in 1895,
8257:
7696:
7594:
5659:
2001:
2005 to 2012; the schedule was changed in 2012 due to reports of
1925:
1637:
1445:
1283:
1219:
1155:
1123:
1091:
1027:
929:
897:
844:
798:
583:
changes the immune response to BCG, making it less effective. As
417:
401:
56:
7543:
7377:
8560:
8545:
7831:
6989:
6380:
Ungar J, Muggleton PW, Dudley JA, Griffiths MI (October 1962).
5518:
4901:
3768:
2316:
2261:, in particular, did much to harm it. Between 1929 and 1933 in
2217:
2125:
2105:
1893:
1829:
1701:
1669:
1573:
1541:
1381:
1251:
1187:
763:
683:
BCG has been evaluated in a number of studies as a therapy for
461:
The BCG vaccine was first used medically in 1921. It is on the
6330:
6168:"Bacillus CalmetteâGuĂ©rin Vaccine Supply & Demand Outlook"
5288:[Vaccinations with general obligation]. Archived from
3274:
2858:
8555:
8440:
8041:
7975:
6379:
6331:
Cernuschi T, Malvolti S, Nickels E, Friede M (January 2018).
5694:
5418:
5040:"A Database of Global BCG Vaccination Policies and Practices"
3896:
3225:
2484:"BCG Vaccine AJV - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)"
2247:
2173:
1797:
1347:
606:: BCG may protect against or delay the onset of Buruli ulcer.
4198:
3822:
3400:
3378:
2036:
Israel: BCG was given to all newborns between 1955 and 1982.
716:
is usually carried out before administering BCG. A reactive
7850:
5738:
4531:"Database of Global BCG Vaccination Policies and Practices"
4530:
2254:
in 1919. The BCG vaccine was first used in humans in 1921.
2104:). A similar application is the product of Onko BCG of the
360:
5071:
The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
5047:
4293:
2905:
7038:
6742:
6112:"BCG Vaccine Danish Strain 1331 â Statens Serum Institut"
5338:"Tuberkulos (TB) â om vaccination â FolkhĂ€lsomyndigheten"
5135:"A tuberkulĂłzis Ă©s a tuberkulĂłzis elleni vĂ©dĆoltĂĄs (BCG)"
5068:
4337:
3403:"Genome plasticity of BCG and impact on vaccine efficacy"
3141:
3015:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (April 1996).
2954:
2683:
2224:
were conducted in Italy with disastrous results, because
2143:
2040:
after birth or at first contact with the health services.
779:
8860:
World Health Organization essential medicines (vaccines)
6537:] (in French). Paris, France: Victor Masson et fils.
6263:
5547:"Coronavirus: should the UK make vaccination mandatory?"
4752:"Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccine for Tuberculosis"
4417:
3937:
2807:
7236:
5366:
463:
World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines
7285:
7212:"Novel inhaled TB vaccine | University of Oxford"
6608:
Transactions of the Association of American Physicians
6530:
De la virulence et de la spécificité de la tuberculose
6294:
5232:"Tuberkulosevaksinasjon â veileder for helsepersonell"
4654:
8797:
6883:. The Hague:Health Council of the Netherlands. 2011.
6604:"Two varieties of the tubercle bacillus from mammals"
5576:
Chen ZR, Wei XH, Zhu ZY (June 1982). "BCG in China".
5137:[Tuberculosis and tuberculosis vaccination].
3309:
6590:"Investigations of diseases of domesticated animals"
5819:
2808:
Fuge O, Vasdev N, Allchorne P, Green JS (May 2015).
2326:, BCG shows improved rates of protection when given
518:
BCG seems to have its greatest effect in preventing
499:
appears to fall the closer one gets to the equator.
6948:
4843:[Mandatory and recommended immunizations].
4775:
4773:
3857:
3855:
3508:
46:Microscopic image of the CalmetteâGuĂ©rin bacillus,
6877:Vaccination of young children against tuberculosis
6212:, Vaccines, Blood & Biologics, 12 April 2012,
8713:Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
6596:. 12/13. U.S. Department of Agriculture: 119â185.
6535:On the virulence and specificity of tuberculosis
6206:"April 2012 Inspectional Observations (form 483)"
5680:
2078:BCG is prepared from a strain of the attenuated (
8821:
5710:"Millions of infants denied anti-TB vaccination"
4770:
4558:"Routine Vaccination Coverage - Worldwide, 2022"
4147:
3989:
3938:Mosolits S, Nilsson B, Mellstedt H (June 2005).
3852:
2762:
2760:
2611:
6490:"SeiziĂšme Ătude: La tuberculose est inoculable"
3990:Sable SB, Posey JE, Scriba TJ (December 2019).
3861:
3221:
3219:
3010:
3008:
2901:
2899:
484:The main use of BCG is for vaccination against
7100:"Tuberculosis vaccine finds an improved route"
6594:Annual Report of the Bureau of Animal Industry
3715:
7673:
7097:
6324:
6235:"Sanofi Pasteur Product Monograph â Immucyst"
2757:
2575:
2573:
2082:-reduced) live bovine tuberculosis bacillus,
6638:
6501:(Villemin, 1868), pp. 598â631. From p. 598:
6435:Bulletin de l'Académie Impériale de Médecine
6433:[Cause and nature of tuberculosis].
6200:
6198:
6160:
5975:"BCG Vaccine â Its Evolution and Importance"
5820:Hamiel U, Kozer E, Youngster I (June 2020).
5447:
4374:
4243:Liu Y, Lu J, Huang Y, Ma L (10 March 2019).
4242:
3603:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of June 2024 (
3216:
3005:
2896:
2766:
2291:The BCG vaccine is very efficacious against
778:, causing either suppurative (production of
437:shows that additional doses are beneficial.
152:
7487:"Situation Report 13 April 2020 â COVID-19"
7328:
6114:. Ssi.dk. 19 September 2013. Archived from
6032:Handbook of media for clinical microbiology
6029:
5949:"Ăvolution du calendrier vaccinal au Maroc"
5928:South African National Department of Health
4565:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
4150:"BCG Adenitis-Need for Increased Awareness"
4105:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3818:
3816:
3814:
3374:
3372:
2586:. World Health Organization. Archived from
2311:Tentative evidence exists for a beneficial
766:âlarge, raised scars. The insertion to the
699:
27:Vaccine primarily used against tuberculosis
7680:
7666:
6177:, p. 5, December 2015, archived from
5575:
5199:
4841:"ĐĐ°ĐŽŃлжОŃĐ”Đ»ĐœĐž Đž ĐżŃĐ”ĐżĐŸŃŃŃĐžŃĐ”Đ»ĐœĐž ĐžĐŒŃĐœĐžĐ·Đ°ŃОО"
4746:
4744:
4101:"Treating BCG-induced disease in children"
3559:The American Review of Respiratory Disease
3552:
3459:
3137:
3135:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2570:
2420:"Regulatory Decision Summary - Verity-BCG"
40:
7650:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
7620:
7571:
7561:
7462:
7452:
7403:
7354:
7262:
7179:
7123:
7074:
7064:
7007:
6966:
6808:
6793:
6770:
6760:
6666:
6656:
6526:
6405:
6356:
6195:
5896:
5886:
5845:
5774:
5764:
5394:
5384:
4927:
4672:
4586:
4576:
4351:
4270:
4260:
4165:
4154:The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
4124:
4070:"Intravesical Therapy for Bladder Cancer"
4015:
3914:
3794:
3692:
3643:
3485:
3436:
3426:
3385:
3251:
3089:
2996:
2967:
2931:
2835:
2825:
2784:
2697:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2643:
348:
341:
6996:The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
6552:[The etiology of tuberculosis].
6463:
6428:
5707:
5683:"Review of mass B.C.G. project in India"
5514:"BCG tuberculosis (TB) vaccine overview"
4525:
4523:
4521:
4519:
4517:
4515:
4513:
4511:
4509:
4507:
4505:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4487:
4485:
4483:
4481:
4479:
4477:
3811:
3369:
2172:
1997:Hong Kong: BCG is given to all newborns.
703:
630:
7329:Gong W, Mao Y, Li Y, Qi Y (July 2022).
6839:
6007:. Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne.
4741:
4475:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4148:Govindarajan KK, Chai FY (April 2011).
3758:from the original on 22 September 2017.
3175:
3173:
3132:
2976:
2948:
2720:
2614:Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases
2177:French poster promoting the BCG vaccine
305:
125:
14:
8822:
7032:
6300:
6269:
6251:from the original on 14 September 2020
5670:from the original on 19 November 2015.
5286:"VaccinÄri cu obligativitate generalÄ"
4997:décret n° 2007-1111 du 17 juillet 2007
3063:
2640:
2242:, a veterinarian, were working at the
2181:The history of BCG is tied to that of
408:(TB). It is named after its inventors
260:
7661:
7098:Behar SM, Sassetti C (January 2020).
6900:from the original on 19 February 2014
6601:
6587:
6092:from the original on 22 February 2014
5610:from the original on 10 November 2019
5544:
5429:from the original on 19 November 2021
4908:International Journal of Epidemiology
4791:from the original on 5 September 2024
4606:from the original on 5 September 2024
4181:Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
3312:International Journal of Epidemiology
2962:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
2558:from the original on 24 February 2021
2524:from the original on 5 September 2024
2464:from the original on 5 September 2024
2400:from the original on 5 September 2024
416:. In countries where tuberculosis or
273:
143:
111:
7218:from the original on 16 January 2024
6796:BCG vaccination against tuberculosis
6698:
6564:from the original on 9 December 2021
6547:
6445:from the original on 9 December 2021
6313:from the original on 5 February 2016
6216:from the original on 6 February 2016
6086:"Pharmaceutical Information â PACIS"
6066:from the original on 15 January 2021
4454:
3344:
3179:
3170:
3114:"Tuberculin Skin Testing Fact Sheet"
2257:Public acceptance was slow, and the
2228:was found to be just as virulent as
1238:1961â1998 (East Germany began 1951)
208:
198:
6842:Bulletin of the History of Medicine
6431:"Cause et nature de la tuberculose"
5979:Centre for Health Solutions - Kenya
5259:. venice.cineca.org. Archived from
3903:The New England Journal of Medicine
3553:Palmer CE, Long MW (October 1966).
3120:from the original on 9 January 2017
3045:from the original on 6 January 2020
2983:"BCG Vaccine: WHO position paper".
2494:from the original on 10 August 2020
1936:
1929:
1904:
1897:
1872:
1840:
1808:
1776:
1744:
1712:
1705:
1680:
1673:
1648:
1641:
1616:
1584:
1577:
1552:
1520:
1513:
1488:
1456:
1449:
1424:
1417:
1392:
1385:
1326:
1294:
1287:
1262:
1230:
1198:
1166:
1134:
1127:
1102:
1070:
1038:
1031:
1006:
999:
974:
967:
908:
375:
368:
24:
8855:Drugs developed by Merck & Co.
8850:Drugs developed by Schering-Plough
8740:Eradication of infectious diseases
8497:Androvax (androstenedione albumin)
7533:from the original on 1 March 2021.
7503:from the original on 13 April 2020
6955:The Journal of Infectious Diseases
6821:from the original on 26 April 2021
5640:from the original on 16 April 2017
5348:from the original on 13 April 2020
5242:from the original on 7 March 2016.
5145:from the original on 11 April 2020
4970:from the original on 23 April 2020
4080:from the original on 30 March 2020
2810:"Immunotherapy for bladder cancer"
2343:
2132:
1968:
1961:
1865:
1833:
1801:
1769:
1737:
1609:
1545:
1481:
1358:
1351:
1319:
1255:
1223:
1191:
1159:
1095:
1063:
940:
933:
901:
757:
731:injection at the insertion of the
550:Genetic variation in BCG strains:
25:
8871:
8330:Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
7641:
6930:from the original on 27 June 2024
6798:. Boston: Little, Brown & Co.
6723:from the original on 25 July 2024
6645:Veterinary Medicine International
6639:Palmer MV, Waters WR (May 2011).
6618:from the original on 25 July 2024
6478:from the original on 25 July 2024
6282:from the original on 12 July 2020
6210:U.S. Food and Drug Administration
6011:from the original on 9 March 2020
5985:from the original on 25 July 2024
5681:Mahler HT, Mohamed Ali P (1955).
5557:from the original on 25 July 2024
5526:from the original on 1 April 2016
5494:from the original on 6 March 2012
5484:"School "TB jabs" to be scrapped"
5212:from the original on 7 April 2020
5181:from the original on 16 July 2019
5020:from the original on 30 July 2012
4729:from the original on 25 July 2024
4537:from the original on 12 June 2009
4050:from the original on 25 July 2024
3864:Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
3585:from the original on 25 July 2024
3460:Packe GE, Innes JA (March 1988).
3357:from the original on 24 June 2021
3024:MMWR. Recommendations and Reports
2767:Luca S, Mihaescu T (March 2013).
818:severe combined immune deficiency
235:
8807:
8719:Alternative vaccination schedule
7689:Artificial induction of immunity
7588:
7537:
7515:
7479:
7420:
7371:
7335:International Immunopharmacology
7322:
7279:
7230:
7204:
7148:
7091:
6983:
6942:
6912:
6868:
6833:
6802:
6787:
6736:
6692:
6632:
6581:
6554:Berliner Klinische Wochenschrift
6541:
6520:
6495:
6457:
6422:
6373:
6227:
6130:
6104:
5165:"Integrålt Jogvédelmi Szolgålat"
3466:Archives of Disease in Childhood
3156:10.1001/jama.1994.03510330076038
2874:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11390.x
2452:"Verity-BCG Product information"
2432:from the original on 5 June 2022
2394:Therapeutic Goods Administration
2060:
2020:Expanded Program on Immunization
1969:
1962:
1950:
1937:
1930:
1918:
1905:
1898:
1886:
1873:
1866:
1854:
1841:
1834:
1822:
1809:
1802:
1790:
1777:
1770:
1758:
1745:
1738:
1726:
1713:
1706:
1694:
1681:
1674:
1662:
1649:
1642:
1630:
1617:
1610:
1598:
1585:
1578:
1566:
1553:
1546:
1534:
1521:
1514:
1502:
1489:
1482:
1470:
1457:
1450:
1438:
1425:
1418:
1406:
1393:
1386:
1374:
1359:
1352:
1340:
1327:
1320:
1308:
1295:
1288:
1276:
1263:
1256:
1244:
1231:
1224:
1212:
1199:
1192:
1180:
1167:
1160:
1148:
1135:
1128:
1116:
1103:
1096:
1084:
1071:
1064:
1052:
1039:
1032:
1020:
1007:
1000:
988:
975:
968:
956:
941:
934:
922:
909:
902:
890:
790:. For nonresolving suppuration,
6550:"Die Aetologie der Tuberculose"
6148:from the original on 2 May 2024
6078:
6052:
6023:
5997:
5967:
5955:from the original on 6 May 2020
5941:
5913:
5862:
5813:
5791:
5732:
5720:from the original on 6 May 2020
5708:Chaudhry A (24 February 2015).
5701:
5674:
5652:
5622:
5596:
5569:
5538:
5506:
5476:
5441:
5411:
5360:
5330:
5318:from the original on 6 May 2020
5304:
5278:
5246:
5224:
5193:
5157:
5127:
5115:from the original on 8 May 2021
5097:
5062:
5032:
5000:
4991:
4982:
4952:
4895:
4883:from the original on 6 May 2020
4863:
4833:
4821:from the original on 6 May 2020
4803:
4715:
4689:
4648:
4636:from the original on 6 May 2020
4618:
4549:
4411:
4368:
4331:
4287:
4236:
4202:Scandinavian Journal of Urology
4192:
4141:
4092:
4062:
4032:
3931:
3890:
3787:10.1128/IAI.69.9.5403-5411.2001
3762:
3709:
3660:
3611:
3546:
3502:
3453:
3394:
3338:
3303:
3268:
3106:
3057:
2852:
2814:Research and Reports in Urology
2801:
2714:
2190:unidentified microorganism (or
1560:1947â1995, voluntary 1995â2009
735:. If BCG is accidentally given
591:
473:
468:
8551:Ovandrotone albumin (Fecundin)
6513:maladies , ... ) From p. 602:
6270:Palmer E (10 September 2014).
5172:Integrålt Jogvédelmi Szolgålat
4117:10.1002/14651858.CD008300.pub2
3070:Paediatrics & Child Health
2605:
2536:
2506:
2476:
2444:
2412:
2382:
2073:
2030:
509:interferon gamma release assay
248:
13:
1:
8082:Group B streptococcal disease
7901:Vaccines for Children Program
7300:10.1080/14760584.2017.1333906
6717:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)85122-9
6349:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.12.010
5875:Italian Journal of Pediatrics
5766:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04898
5630:"ç”æ žăšBCGăŻăŻăăłă«éąăăQ&AïœćçćŽćç"
5604:"Child health â Immunisation"
4988:Loi n° 50-7 du 5 janvier 1950
4674:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.06.064
4432:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61318-5
4389:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68507-3
4340:Weekly Epidemiological Record
4309:10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.11.037
4214:10.1080/21681805.2019.1609080
3996:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
3741:10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.01.069
3636:10.1128/IAI.70.2.672-678.2002
3524:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08353-8
3244:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.12.044
3194:10.1016/S0140-6736(95)92348-9
2985:Weekly Epidemiological Record
2686:Weekly Epidemiological Record
2375:
7613:10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101414
7454:10.1371/journal.pone.0240203
7347:10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108870
7009:10.1097/inf.0b013e3182458289
6809:Blackburn M (24 July 2013).
6060:"Onko BCG 100 Biomed Lublin"
6030:Atlas RM, Snyder JW (2006).
5462:10.1016/0041-3879(76)90015-5
5386:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001012
3876:10.1016/j.biopha.2007.05.004
3838:10.1016/j.eururo.2014.02.061
2723:Journal of Medical Biography
2550:Food and Drug Administration
2370:randomized controlled trials
2194:, as he called it). In 1882
884:Years vaccine was mandatory
574:Mycobacterium intracellulare
427:nontuberculous mycobacterial
97:BCG Vaccine, BCG Vaccine AJV
7:
7166:(7789): 145. January 2020.
5693:(3): 108â16. Archived from
4964:BCG- eli tuberkuloosirokote
3916:10.1056/NEJM199110243251703
2991:(79): 27â38. January 2004.
2626:10.7883/yoken.JJID.2007.331
2355:
2306:
2212:. Following the success of
1938:
1931:
1906:
1899:
1874:
1842:
1810:
1778:
1746:
1714:
1707:
1682:
1675:
1650:
1643:
1618:
1586:
1579:
1554:
1522:
1515:
1490:
1458:
1451:
1426:
1419:
1394:
1387:
1328:
1296:
1289:
1264:
1232:
1200:
1168:
1136:
1129:
1104:
1072:
1040:
1033:
1008:
1001:
976:
969:
910:
836:
540:
10:
8876:
7563:10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100728
7396:10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100728
7181:10.1038/d41586-020-00003-w
7125:10.1038/d41586-019-03597-y
6762:10.1186/s13620-023-00257-6
6301:Palmer E (31 March 2015),
5545:McKie R (9 January 2022).
3571:10.1164/arrd.1966.94.4.553
3345:Kupz A (14 January 2021).
2972:. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
2274:Fort Qu'Appelle Sanatorium
2209:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
2168:
2114:PowderJect Pharmaceuticals
2100:, and in turn acquired by
1970:
1963:
1867:
1835:
1803:
1771:
1739:
1611:
1547:
1483:
1360:
1353:
1321:
1257:
1225:
1193:
1161:
1097:
1065:
942:
935:
903:
724:receptor pathway defects.
616:
477:
68:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
8758:
8727:
8666:
8598:
8489:
8461:
8428:
8097:
7928:
7921:
7840:
7768:
7720:
7494:World Health Organisation
7288:Expert Review of Vaccines
7255:10.1038/s41541-018-0062-8
7066:10.1038/s41586-019-1817-8
6467:Ătudes sur la Tuberculose
3944:Expert Review of Vaccines
3573:(inactive 27 June 2024).
2956:World Health Organization
2286:World Health Organization
2244:Institut Pasteur de Lille
2044:
864:
751:, which it may resemble.
727:BCG is given as a single
687:. The US biotech company
610:
535:World Health Organization
359:
332:
316:
296:
291:
225:
220:
185:
163:
133:
119:
101:
91:
86:
74:
62:
55:
39:
8077:Clostridioides difficile
7652:Medical Subject Headings
6749:Irish Veterinary Journal
6548:Koch R (10 April 1882).
5799:"Role of BC Vaccination"
3956:10.1586/14760584.4.3.329
3289:10.1001/jama.291.17.2086
2769:"History of BCG Vaccine"
2735:10.1258/j.jmb.2007.06-15
2155:
827:
700:Method of administration
531:Tuberculosis elimination
390:Bacillus CalmetteâGuĂ©rin
50:, magnification: 1,000nn
18:Bacillus Calmette-Guérin
8340:Tick-borne encephalitis
6699:Koch R (27 July 1901).
6472:Studies of Tuberculosis
6398:10.1136/bmj.2.5312.1086
6386:British Medical Journal
5888:10.1186/1824-7288-35-42
5578:Chinese Medical Journal
5342:folkhalsomyndigheten.se
4723:"Esquema de VacunaciĂłn"
4533:. The BCG World Atlas.
3428:10.1073/pnas.0700869104
3064:Vaudry W (March 2003).
1984:
797:Uncommonly, breast and
404:primarily used against
256: / Schedule D
113:Professional Drug Facts
8750:List of vaccine topics
7745:Mathematical modelling
7550:Cell Reports. Medicine
7384:Cell Reports. Medicine
6175:UNICEF Supply Division
5930:. 2006. Archived from
5838:10.1001/jama.2020.8189
4871:"Kopie â cem05_14.p65"
4781:"Tuberculosis Vaccine"
4578:10.15585/mmwr.mm7243a1
3775:Infection and Immunity
3624:Infection and Immunity
2293:tuberculous meningitis
2178:
2160:Some BCG vaccines are
2118:Statens Serum Institut
964:Bosnia and Herzegovina
881:Mandatory in the past
870:BCG vaccine in Europe
709:
653:
8845:Tuberculosis vaccines
8745:Vaccinate Your Family
8196:Japanese encephalitis
6968:10.1093/infdis/jir240
6854:10.1353/bhm.2007.0022
6794:Rosenthal SR (1957).
6527:Villemin JA (1868a).
6242:Sanofi Pasteur Canada
5083:10.5588/ijtld.14.0282
4186:26 March 2012 at the
3324:10.1093/ije/22.6.1154
2187:Jean Antoine Villemin
2176:
782:) and nonsuppurative
707:
673:used in the treatment
634:
570:Mycobacterium marinum
480:Tuberculosis vaccines
8628:John Franklin Enders
6464:Villemin JA (1868).
6429:Villemin JA (1865).
6062:. biomedlublin.com.
6005:"BCG vaccine for TB"
5697:on 13 February 2007.
5344:. 21 February 2022.
4697:"Ficha metodolĂłgica"
4262:10.1155/2019/6230409
4008:10.1128/CMR.00100-19
3735:(17â18): 2115â2120.
3478:10.1136/adc.63.3.277
3390:. WHO/V&B/99.23.
2554:. 21 February 2018.
2520:. 3 September 2020.
2335:University of Oxford
2284:(predecessor to the
749:smallpox vaccination
714:tuberculin skin test
619:Cancer immunotherapy
520:miliary tuberculosis
425:infection and other
7809:Virus-like particle
7733:Vaccine ingredients
7527:Clinical Trials.gov
7445:2020PLoSO..1540203S
7214:. 15 January 2024.
7172:2020Natur.577..145.
7116:2020Natur.577...31B
7057:2020Natur.577...95D
6658:10.4061/2011/816345
6392:(5312): 1086â1089.
6118:on 18 February 2014
5981:. 12 January 2016.
5757:2020Heliy...604898R
4383:(9517): 1173â1180.
4249:Journal of Oncology
3673:Parasite Immunology
3518:(9315): 1393â1401.
3419:2007PNAS..104.5596B
3188:(8986): 1339â1345.
3082:10.1093/pch/8.3.141
2428:. 23 October 2014.
2313:non-specific effect
2278:residential schools
2204:Mycobacterium bovis
2085:Mycobacterium bovis
871:
858:latent tuberculosis
566:Mycobacterium avium
451:Mycobacterium bovis
269:(Prescription only)
244:(Prescription only)
57:Vaccine description
48:ZiehlâNeelsen stain
36:
8785:Never to phase III
8584:Hexavalent vaccine
8398:EpsteinâBarr virus
8293:OxfordâAstraZeneca
7981:NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135
6924:Techno-Science.net
6184:on 5 February 2016
6138:"The Story of SSI"
5687:Ind J Tuberculosis
4920:10.1093/ije/dyw120
3716:Rook GA, Dheda K,
2827:10.2147/RRU.S63447
2593:on 19 October 2021
2296:having a reliable
2179:
869:
710:
654:
32:
8795:
8794:
8707:Vaccines and SIDS
8594:
8593:
8368:Hepatitis A and B
8344:Varicella zoster
7801:Subunit/component
7601:eClinicalMedicine
7496:. 13 April 2020.
6890:978-90-5549-844-4
6711:(4065): 187â191.
6045:978-0-8493-3795-6
5832:(22): 2340â2341.
5660:"Thai Pediatrics"
5423:ips.ligazakon.net
5292:on 19 August 2013
4785:Tuberculosis (TB)
4756:Tuberculosis (TB)
4667:(36): 4777â4784.
4571:(43): 1155â1161.
4426:(9641): 786â787.
4297:Urologic Oncology
3909:(17): 1205â1209.
3685:10.1111/pim.12939
3413:(13): 5596â5601.
3283:(17): 2086â2091.
2924:10.1136/bmj.g4643
2862:BJU International
2460:. 25 April 2012.
2282:League of Nations
2272:, working at the
2252:Pasteur Institute
1982:
1981:
1978:
1368:
950:
792:surgical excision
788:needle aspiration
685:colorectal cancer
552:Genetic variation
533:is a goal of the
446:immunosuppression
386:
385:
277:
264:
251:
239:
146:
16:(Redirected from
8867:
8812:
8811:
8810:
8803:
8686:MMR autism fraud
8633:Maurice Hilleman
8618:Hilary Koprowski
7926:
7925:
7682:
7675:
7668:
7659:
7658:
7635:
7634:
7624:
7592:
7586:
7585:
7575:
7565:
7541:
7535:
7534:
7519:
7513:
7512:
7510:
7508:
7502:
7491:
7483:
7477:
7476:
7466:
7456:
7439:(10): e0240203.
7424:
7418:
7417:
7407:
7375:
7369:
7368:
7358:
7326:
7320:
7319:
7283:
7277:
7276:
7266:
7234:
7228:
7227:
7225:
7223:
7208:
7202:
7201:
7183:
7152:
7146:
7145:
7127:
7095:
7089:
7088:
7078:
7068:
7051:(7788): 95â102.
7036:
7030:
7029:
7011:
6987:
6981:
6980:
6970:
6946:
6940:
6939:
6937:
6935:
6916:
6910:
6909:
6907:
6905:
6899:
6882:
6872:
6866:
6865:
6837:
6831:
6830:
6828:
6826:
6806:
6800:
6799:
6791:
6785:
6784:
6774:
6764:
6740:
6734:
6732:
6730:
6728:
6696:
6690:
6688:
6670:
6660:
6636:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6623:
6602:Smith T (1896).
6597:
6588:Smith T (1895).
6585:
6579:
6573:
6571:
6569:
6545:
6539:
6538:
6524:
6518:
6499:
6493:
6487:
6485:
6483:
6461:
6455:
6454:
6452:
6450:
6426:
6420:
6419:
6409:
6377:
6371:
6370:
6360:
6328:
6322:
6321:
6320:
6318:
6298:
6292:
6291:
6289:
6287:
6267:
6261:
6260:
6258:
6256:
6250:
6239:
6231:
6225:
6224:
6223:
6221:
6202:
6193:
6192:
6191:
6189:
6183:
6172:
6164:
6158:
6157:
6155:
6153:
6134:
6128:
6127:
6125:
6123:
6108:
6102:
6101:
6099:
6097:
6082:
6076:
6075:
6073:
6071:
6056:
6050:
6049:
6027:
6021:
6020:
6018:
6016:
6001:
5995:
5994:
5992:
5990:
5971:
5965:
5964:
5962:
5960:
5945:
5939:
5938:
5936:
5925:
5917:
5911:
5910:
5900:
5890:
5866:
5860:
5859:
5849:
5817:
5811:
5810:
5805:. Archived from
5795:
5789:
5788:
5778:
5768:
5736:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5725:
5705:
5699:
5698:
5678:
5672:
5671:
5656:
5650:
5649:
5647:
5645:
5626:
5620:
5619:
5617:
5615:
5600:
5594:
5593:
5573:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5562:
5542:
5536:
5535:
5533:
5531:
5510:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5499:
5480:
5474:
5473:
5445:
5439:
5438:
5436:
5434:
5415:
5409:
5408:
5398:
5388:
5364:
5358:
5357:
5355:
5353:
5334:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5323:
5308:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5297:
5282:
5276:
5275:
5273:
5271:
5265:
5258:
5250:
5244:
5243:
5238:(in Norwegian).
5228:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5217:
5197:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5186:
5180:
5174:(in Hungarian).
5169:
5161:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5150:
5141:. 17 July 2015.
5131:
5125:
5124:
5122:
5120:
5109:΄ÏÎżÏ
ÏγΔίο ΄γΔίαÏ
5101:
5095:
5094:
5066:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5055:
5046:. Archived from
5036:
5030:
5029:
5027:
5025:
5019:
5012:
5004:
4998:
4995:
4989:
4986:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4975:
4956:
4950:
4949:
4931:
4899:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4888:
4882:
4875:
4867:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4856:
4851:on 11 April 2020
4847:. Archived from
4845:mh.government.bg
4837:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4826:
4807:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4796:
4787:. 11 July 2024.
4777:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4763:
4748:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4734:
4719:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4708:
4699:. Archived from
4693:
4687:
4686:
4676:
4652:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4641:
4632:. January 2020.
4622:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4611:
4605:
4590:
4580:
4562:
4553:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4542:
4527:
4452:
4451:
4415:
4409:
4408:
4372:
4366:
4365:
4355:
4335:
4329:
4328:
4291:
4285:
4284:
4274:
4264:
4240:
4234:
4233:
4208:(2â3): 116â122.
4196:
4190:
4179:
4169:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4128:
4096:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4085:
4066:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4036:
4030:
4029:
4019:
3987:
3976:
3975:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3918:
3894:
3888:
3887:
3859:
3850:
3849:
3826:European Urology
3820:
3809:
3808:
3798:
3781:(9): 5403â5411.
3766:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3726:
3713:
3707:
3706:
3696:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3647:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3602:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3550:
3544:
3543:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3489:
3457:
3451:
3450:
3440:
3430:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3376:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3351:The Conversation
3342:
3336:
3335:
3318:(6): 1154â1158.
3307:
3301:
3300:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3255:
3238:(6): 1038â1049.
3223:
3214:
3213:
3177:
3168:
3167:
3139:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3116:. 12 July 2023.
3110:
3104:
3103:
3093:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3044:
3021:
3012:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2935:
2903:
2894:
2893:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2839:
2829:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2788:
2764:
2755:
2754:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2701:
2681:
2638:
2637:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2592:
2585:
2577:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2386:
2338:Jenner Institute
1976:
1973:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1941:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1909:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1877:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1845:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1813:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1781:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1749:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1717:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1685:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1653:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1621:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1589:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1557:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1525:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1493:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1461:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1429:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1397:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1331:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1299:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1267:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1235:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1203:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1171:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1139:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1107:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1075:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1043:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1011:
1010:
1004:
1003:
993:
992:
991:
979:
978:
972:
971:
961:
960:
959:
948:
945:
944:
938:
937:
927:
926:
925:
913:
912:
906:
905:
895:
894:
893:
872:
868:
712:A pre-injection
379:
372:
352:
345:
309:
275:
272:
262:
259:
250:
247:
237:
234:
212:
202:
156:
145:
142:
129:
115:
44:
37:
35:
31:
21:
8875:
8874:
8870:
8869:
8868:
8866:
8865:
8864:
8835:Cancer vaccines
8820:
8819:
8818:
8808:
8806:
8798:
8796:
8791:
8790:
8775:Clinical trials
8754:
8723:
8662:
8638:Stanley Plotkin
8600:
8590:
8502:Cancer vaccines
8485:
8479:Schistosomiasis
8457:
8451:Trypanosomiasis
8424:
8388:Cytomegalovirus
8298:PfizerâBioNTech
8093:
7917:
7866:Vaccine wastage
7836:
7764:
7716:
7686:
7644:
7639:
7638:
7593:
7589:
7542:
7538:
7521:
7520:
7516:
7506:
7504:
7500:
7489:
7485:
7484:
7480:
7425:
7421:
7376:
7372:
7341:(108): 108870.
7327:
7323:
7284:
7280:
7235:
7231:
7221:
7219:
7210:
7209:
7205:
7154:
7153:
7149:
7110:(7788): 31â32.
7096:
7092:
7037:
7033:
6988:
6984:
6947:
6943:
6933:
6931:
6918:
6917:
6913:
6903:
6901:
6897:
6891:
6880:
6874:
6873:
6869:
6838:
6834:
6824:
6822:
6807:
6803:
6792:
6788:
6755:(Suppl 1): 26.
6741:
6737:
6726:
6724:
6697:
6693:
6637:
6633:
6621:
6619:
6586:
6582:
6567:
6565:
6560:(15): 221â230.
6546:
6542:
6525:
6521:
6500:
6496:
6481:
6479:
6462:
6458:
6448:
6446:
6427:
6423:
6378:
6374:
6329:
6325:
6316:
6314:
6299:
6295:
6285:
6283:
6268:
6264:
6254:
6252:
6248:
6237:
6233:
6232:
6228:
6219:
6217:
6204:
6203:
6196:
6187:
6185:
6181:
6170:
6166:
6165:
6161:
6151:
6149:
6136:
6135:
6131:
6121:
6119:
6110:
6109:
6105:
6095:
6093:
6084:
6083:
6079:
6069:
6067:
6058:
6057:
6053:
6046:
6028:
6024:
6014:
6012:
6003:
6002:
5998:
5988:
5986:
5973:
5972:
5968:
5958:
5956:
5951:. 29 May 2006.
5947:
5946:
5942:
5937:on 11 May 2013.
5934:
5923:
5919:
5918:
5914:
5867:
5863:
5818:
5814:
5809:on 6 June 2013.
5797:
5796:
5792:
5737:
5733:
5723:
5721:
5706:
5702:
5679:
5675:
5664:Thai Pediatrics
5658:
5657:
5653:
5643:
5641:
5636:(in Japanese).
5628:
5627:
5623:
5613:
5611:
5602:
5601:
5597:
5574:
5570:
5560:
5558:
5543:
5539:
5529:
5527:
5512:
5511:
5507:
5497:
5495:
5490:. 6 July 2005.
5488:BBC News Online
5482:
5481:
5477:
5446:
5442:
5432:
5430:
5417:
5416:
5412:
5379:(3): e1001012.
5365:
5361:
5351:
5349:
5336:
5335:
5331:
5321:
5319:
5310:
5309:
5305:
5295:
5293:
5284:
5283:
5279:
5269:
5267:
5266:on 7 April 2020
5263:
5256:
5254:"Portugal data"
5252:
5251:
5247:
5230:
5229:
5225:
5215:
5213:
5206:The Irish Times
5198:
5194:
5184:
5182:
5178:
5167:
5163:
5162:
5158:
5148:
5146:
5133:
5132:
5128:
5118:
5116:
5103:
5102:
5098:
5067:
5063:
5053:
5051:
5050:on 12 June 2009
5044:BCG World Atlas
5038:
5037:
5033:
5023:
5021:
5017:
5010:
5006:
5005:
5001:
4996:
4992:
4987:
4983:
4973:
4971:
4958:
4957:
4953:
4900:
4896:
4886:
4884:
4880:
4873:
4869:
4868:
4864:
4854:
4852:
4839:
4838:
4834:
4824:
4822:
4809:
4808:
4804:
4794:
4792:
4779:
4778:
4771:
4761:
4759:
4750:
4749:
4742:
4732:
4730:
4721:
4720:
4716:
4706:
4704:
4703:on 2 April 2015
4695:
4694:
4690:
4653:
4649:
4639:
4637:
4624:
4623:
4619:
4609:
4607:
4603:
4560:
4554:
4550:
4540:
4538:
4529:
4528:
4455:
4416:
4412:
4373:
4369:
4346:(21): 193â196.
4336:
4332:
4292:
4288:
4241:
4237:
4197:
4193:
4188:Wayback Machine
4146:
4142:
4111:(1): CD008300.
4097:
4093:
4083:
4081:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4053:
4051:
4038:
4037:
4033:
3988:
3979:
3936:
3932:
3895:
3891:
3860:
3853:
3821:
3812:
3767:
3763:
3755:
3724:
3714:
3710:
3665:
3661:
3616:
3612:
3596:
3595:
3588:
3586:
3551:
3547:
3507:
3503:
3458:
3454:
3399:
3395:
3377:
3370:
3360:
3358:
3343:
3339:
3308:
3304:
3273:
3269:
3224:
3217:
3178:
3171:
3140:
3133:
3123:
3121:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3062:
3058:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3019:
3013:
3006:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2953:
2949:
2904:
2897:
2857:
2853:
2806:
2802:
2765:
2758:
2719:
2715:
2682:
2641:
2610:
2606:
2596:
2594:
2590:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2571:
2561:
2559:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2527:
2525:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2497:
2495:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2467:
2465:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2435:
2433:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2403:
2401:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2378:
2358:
2350:type 1 diabetes
2346:
2344:Type 1 diabetes
2324:rhesus macaques
2309:
2259:LĂŒbeck disaster
2236:Albert Calmette
2230:M. tuberculosis
2171:
2158:
2135:
2133:Supply shortage
2124:According to a
2102:Merck & Co.
2098:Schering-Plough
2090:Middlebrook 7H9
2076:
2063:
2047:
2033:
1987:
1951:
1949:
1919:
1917:
1887:
1885:
1855:
1853:
1823:
1821:
1791:
1789:
1759:
1757:
1727:
1725:
1695:
1693:
1663:
1661:
1631:
1629:
1599:
1597:
1567:
1565:
1535:
1533:
1510:North Macedonia
1503:
1501:
1471:
1469:
1439:
1437:
1407:
1405:
1375:
1373:
1341:
1339:
1309:
1307:
1277:
1275:
1245:
1243:
1213:
1211:
1181:
1179:
1149:
1147:
1117:
1115:
1085:
1083:
1053:
1051:
1021:
1019:
989:
987:
957:
955:
923:
921:
891:
889:
867:
839:
830:
760:
758:Adverse effects
702:
666:cancer vaccines
629:
613:
594:
543:
482:
476:
471:
410:Albert Calmette
382:
355:
328:
312:
287:
216:
166:
159:
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8873:
8863:
8862:
8857:
8852:
8847:
8842:
8837:
8832:
8817:
8816:
8793:
8792:
8789:
8788:
8787:
8786:
8783:
8772:
8766:
8760:
8759:
8756:
8755:
8753:
8752:
8747:
8742:
8737:
8731:
8729:
8725:
8724:
8722:
8721:
8716:
8709:
8704:
8699:
8694:
8689:
8676:
8670:
8668:
8664:
8663:
8661:
8660:
8655:
8653:Katalin KarikĂł
8650:
8645:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8625:
8620:
8615:
8610:
8604:
8602:
8596:
8595:
8592:
8591:
8589:
8588:
8587:
8586:
8581:
8576:
8571:
8563:
8558:
8553:
8548:
8543:
8542:
8541:
8536:
8535:
8534:
8529:
8519:
8514:
8509:
8499:
8493:
8491:
8487:
8486:
8484:
8483:
8482:
8481:
8476:
8467:
8465:
8459:
8458:
8456:
8455:
8454:
8453:
8445:
8444:
8443:
8432:
8430:
8426:
8425:
8423:
8422:
8421:
8420:
8415:
8410:
8408:Herpes simplex
8405:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8382:
8381:
8380:
8375:
8370:
8362:
8357:
8356:
8355:
8350:
8342:
8337:
8332:
8327:
8326:
8325:
8320:
8315:
8310:
8308:Sinopharm BIBP
8305:
8300:
8295:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8270:
8265:
8260:
8258:Bharat Biotech
8255:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8229:
8228:
8223:
8213:
8208:
8203:
8198:
8193:
8192:
8191:
8186:
8176:
8171:
8166:
8161:
8156:
8155:
8154:
8149:
8144:
8139:
8124:
8123:
8122:
8112:
8107:
8101:
8099:
8095:
8094:
8092:
8091:
8090:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8071:
8070:
8069:
8064:
8056:
8051:
8050:
8049:
8044:
8034:
8033:
8032:
8022:
8017:
8012:
8011:
8010:
8005:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7984:
7983:
7978:
7968:
7963:
7958:
7953:
7948:
7943:
7938:
7932:
7930:
7923:
7919:
7918:
7916:
7915:
7914:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7885:
7884:
7883:
7881:Vaccine injury
7878:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7844:
7842:
7841:Administration
7838:
7837:
7835:
7834:
7829:
7824:
7815:
7798:
7797:
7796:
7791:
7783:
7778:
7772:
7770:
7766:
7765:
7763:
7762:
7757:
7752:
7747:
7742:
7741:
7740:
7730:
7724:
7722:
7718:
7717:
7685:
7684:
7677:
7670:
7662:
7656:
7655:
7643:
7642:External links
7640:
7637:
7636:
7587:
7536:
7514:
7478:
7419:
7370:
7321:
7294:(7): 699â708.
7278:
7229:
7203:
7147:
7090:
7031:
7002:(3): 306â308.
6982:
6961:(2): 245â252.
6941:
6911:
6889:
6867:
6848:(2): 407â430.
6832:
6801:
6786:
6735:
6691:
6631:
6629:
6628:
6580:
6540:
6519:
6494:
6456:
6421:
6372:
6343:(4): 498â506.
6323:
6293:
6262:
6226:
6194:
6159:
6129:
6103:
6077:
6051:
6044:
6022:
5996:
5966:
5940:
5912:
5861:
5812:
5790:
5731:
5700:
5673:
5651:
5621:
5595:
5584:(6): 437â442.
5568:
5537:
5505:
5475:
5440:
5410:
5359:
5329:
5303:
5277:
5245:
5223:
5200:O'Sullivan K.
5192:
5156:
5126:
5096:
5061:
5031:
4999:
4990:
4981:
4951:
4914:(2): 695â705.
4894:
4862:
4832:
4802:
4769:
4758:. 11 July 2024
4740:
4714:
4688:
4647:
4617:
4548:
4453:
4410:
4367:
4330:
4286:
4235:
4191:
4140:
4091:
4074:www.cancer.org
4061:
4031:
3977:
3950:(3): 329â350.
3930:
3889:
3870:(6): 299â305.
3851:
3832:(4): 677â688.
3810:
3761:
3720:(March 2005).
3708:
3659:
3630:(2): 672â678.
3610:
3565:(4): 553â568.
3545:
3501:
3472:(3): 277â281.
3452:
3393:
3368:
3337:
3302:
3267:
3215:
3169:
3150:(9): 698â702.
3131:
3105:
3076:(3): 141â144.
3056:
3030:(RR-4): 1â18.
3004:
2975:
2947:
2895:
2868:(6): 977â983.
2851:
2800:
2756:
2729:(3): 139â146.
2713:
2639:
2620:(6): 331â336.
2604:
2569:
2535:
2505:
2475:
2443:
2411:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2357:
2354:
2345:
2342:
2308:
2305:
2270:R. G. Ferguson
2240:Camille Guérin
2200:Theobald Smith
2170:
2167:
2157:
2154:
2139:Sanofi Pasteur
2134:
2131:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2006:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1958:United Kingdom
1946:
1945:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1711:
1704:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1647:
1640:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1615:
1608:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1583:
1576:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1551:
1544:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1455:
1448:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1423:
1416:
1402:
1401:
1400:1940sâpresent
1398:
1391:
1384:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1357:
1350:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1325:
1318:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1293:
1286:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1261:
1254:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1133:
1126:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1069:
1062:
1060:Czech Republic
1048:
1047:
1044:
1037:
1030:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1005:
998:
984:
983:
980:
973:
966:
952:
951:
946:
939:
932:
918:
917:
914:
907:
900:
886:
885:
882:
879:
878:Mandatory now
876:
866:
863:
862:
861:
854:
851:
848:
838:
835:
829:
826:
768:deltoid muscle
759:
756:
737:subcutaneously
701:
698:
697:
696:
681:
669:
658:bladder cancer
647:bladder cancer
627:Coley's toxins
623:Cancer vaccine
612:
609:
608:
607:
601:
593:
590:
589:
588:
577:
562:
555:
542:
539:
490:false positive
475:
472:
470:
467:
431:bladder cancer
414:Camille Guérin
384:
383:
381:
380:
373:
365:
363:
357:
356:
354:
353:
346:
338:
336:
330:
329:
327:
326:
322:
320:
314:
313:
311:
310:
302:
300:
294:
293:
289:
288:
286:
285:
282:
270:
257:
245:
231:
229:
223:
222:
218:
217:
215:
214:
191:
189:
183:
182:
169:
167:administration
161:
160:
158:
157:
139:
137:
131:
130:
123:
117:
116:
109:
99:
98:
95:
89:
88:
84:
83:
78:
72:
71:
64:
60:
59:
53:
52:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8872:
8861:
8858:
8856:
8853:
8851:
8848:
8846:
8843:
8841:
8840:Live vaccines
8838:
8836:
8833:
8831:
8828:
8827:
8825:
8815:
8805:
8804:
8801:
8784:
8782:
8779:
8778:
8776:
8773:
8770:
8767:
8765:
8762:
8761:
8757:
8751:
8748:
8746:
8743:
8741:
8738:
8736:
8733:
8732:
8730:
8726:
8720:
8717:
8715:
8714:
8710:
8708:
8705:
8703:
8700:
8698:
8695:
8693:
8690:
8687:
8685:
8680:
8677:
8675:
8672:
8671:
8669:
8665:
8659:
8658:Drew Weissman
8656:
8654:
8651:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8643:H. Fred Clark
8641:
8639:
8636:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8613:Louis Pasteur
8611:
8609:
8608:Edward Jenner
8606:
8605:
8603:
8597:
8585:
8582:
8580:
8579:DTwP-HepB-Hib
8577:
8575:
8574:DTaP-IPV-HepB
8572:
8570:
8567:
8566:
8565:combination:
8564:
8562:
8559:
8557:
8554:
8552:
8549:
8547:
8544:
8540:
8537:
8533:
8530:
8528:
8525:
8524:
8523:
8520:
8518:
8515:
8513:
8510:
8508:
8505:
8504:
8503:
8500:
8498:
8495:
8494:
8492:
8488:
8480:
8477:
8475:
8472:
8471:
8469:
8468:
8466:
8464:
8463:Helminthiasis
8460:
8452:
8449:
8448:
8446:
8442:
8439:
8438:
8437:
8434:
8433:
8431:
8427:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8385:
8383:
8379:
8376:
8374:
8371:
8369:
8366:
8365:
8364:combination:
8363:
8361:
8358:
8354:
8351:
8349:
8346:
8345:
8343:
8341:
8338:
8336:
8333:
8331:
8328:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8269:
8266:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8250:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8227:
8224:
8222:
8219:
8218:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8199:
8197:
8194:
8190:
8187:
8185:
8182:
8181:
8180:
8177:
8175:
8172:
8170:
8167:
8165:
8162:
8160:
8157:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8143:
8140:
8137:
8133:
8130:
8129:
8128:
8125:
8121:
8118:
8117:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8108:
8106:
8103:
8102:
8100:
8096:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8074:
8072:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8062:DPT/DTwP/DTaP
8060:
8059:
8058:combination:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8040:
8039:
8038:
8035:
8031:
8028:
8027:
8026:
8023:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
8000:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7982:
7979:
7977:
7974:
7973:
7972:
7971:Meningococcus
7969:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7961:Leptospirosis
7959:
7957:
7954:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7939:
7937:
7934:
7933:
7931:
7927:
7924:
7920:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7896:Vaccine court
7894:
7892:
7889:
7888:
7886:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7851:GAVI Alliance
7849:
7848:
7846:
7845:
7843:
7839:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7825:
7823:
7819:
7816:
7814:
7810:
7806:
7802:
7799:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7786:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7773:
7771:
7767:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7739:
7736:
7735:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7725:
7723:
7719:
7714:
7710:
7706:
7702:
7698:
7694:
7690:
7683:
7678:
7676:
7671:
7669:
7664:
7663:
7660:
7653:
7649:
7646:
7645:
7632:
7628:
7623:
7618:
7614:
7610:
7606:
7602:
7598:
7591:
7583:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7556:(9): 100728.
7555:
7551:
7547:
7540:
7532:
7528:
7524:
7518:
7499:
7495:
7488:
7482:
7474:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7446:
7442:
7438:
7434:
7430:
7423:
7415:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7397:
7393:
7390:(9): 100728.
7389:
7385:
7381:
7374:
7366:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7348:
7344:
7340:
7336:
7332:
7325:
7317:
7313:
7309:
7305:
7301:
7297:
7293:
7289:
7282:
7274:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7256:
7252:
7248:
7244:
7240:
7233:
7217:
7213:
7207:
7199:
7195:
7191:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7173:
7169:
7165:
7161:
7157:
7151:
7143:
7139:
7135:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7117:
7113:
7109:
7105:
7101:
7094:
7086:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7058:
7054:
7050:
7046:
7042:
7035:
7027:
7023:
7019:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7001:
6997:
6993:
6986:
6978:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6960:
6956:
6952:
6945:
6929:
6926:(in French).
6925:
6921:
6915:
6896:
6892:
6886:
6879:
6878:
6871:
6863:
6859:
6855:
6851:
6847:
6843:
6836:
6820:
6816:
6812:
6805:
6797:
6790:
6782:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6754:
6750:
6746:
6739:
6722:
6718:
6714:
6710:
6706:
6702:
6695:
6686:
6682:
6678:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6651:(1): 816345.
6650:
6646:
6642:
6635:
6617:
6613:
6609:
6605:
6600:
6599:
6595:
6591:
6584:
6577:
6574:From p. 230:
6563:
6559:
6556:(in German).
6555:
6551:
6544:
6536:
6532:
6531:
6523:
6516:
6512:
6508:
6504:
6498:
6491:
6477:
6473:
6469:
6468:
6460:
6444:
6440:
6437:(in French).
6436:
6432:
6425:
6417:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6399:
6395:
6391:
6387:
6383:
6376:
6368:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6350:
6346:
6342:
6338:
6334:
6327:
6312:
6308:
6304:
6297:
6281:
6277:
6273:
6266:
6247:
6243:
6236:
6230:
6215:
6211:
6207:
6201:
6199:
6180:
6176:
6169:
6163:
6147:
6143:
6139:
6133:
6117:
6113:
6107:
6091:
6087:
6081:
6065:
6061:
6055:
6047:
6041:
6037:
6033:
6026:
6010:
6006:
6000:
5984:
5980:
5976:
5970:
5954:
5950:
5944:
5933:
5929:
5922:
5916:
5908:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5880:
5876:
5872:
5865:
5857:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5839:
5835:
5831:
5827:
5823:
5816:
5808:
5804:
5800:
5794:
5786:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5758:
5754:
5751:(9): e04898.
5750:
5746:
5742:
5735:
5719:
5715:
5711:
5704:
5696:
5692:
5688:
5684:
5677:
5669:
5665:
5661:
5655:
5639:
5635:
5631:
5625:
5609:
5605:
5599:
5591:
5587:
5583:
5579:
5572:
5556:
5552:
5548:
5541:
5525:
5521:
5520:
5515:
5509:
5493:
5489:
5485:
5479:
5471:
5467:
5463:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5444:
5428:
5424:
5420:
5414:
5406:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5378:
5374:
5373:PLOS Medicine
5370:
5363:
5347:
5343:
5339:
5333:
5317:
5313:
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2619:
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2553:
2551:
2545:
2544:"BCG Vaccine"
2539:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2509:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2479:
2463:
2459:
2458:
2457:Health Canada
2453:
2447:
2431:
2427:
2426:
2425:Health Canada
2421:
2415:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2385:
2381:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2362:
2353:
2351:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2331:
2329:
2328:intravenously
2325:
2320:
2318:
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2304:
2301:
2299:
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2287:
2283:
2279:
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2166:
2163:
2153:
2150:
2149:Health Canada
2145:
2140:
2137:In 2011, the
2130:
2127:
2122:
2119:
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2111:
2110:Biomed-Lublin
2107:
2103:
2099:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2061:South Pacific
2055:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2004:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1975:
1959:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1927:
1916:
1915:
1912:1952âpresent
1911:
1895:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1863:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1831:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1799:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1767:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1735:
1724:
1723:
1720:1928âpresent
1719:
1703:
1692:
1691:
1688:1962âpresent
1687:
1671:
1660:
1659:
1656:1928âpresent
1655:
1639:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1607:
1596:
1595:
1592:1955âpresent
1591:
1575:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1543:
1532:
1531:
1528:1950âpresent
1527:
1511:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1479:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1447:
1436:
1435:
1431:
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1404:
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1399:
1383:
1372:
1371:
1365:
1349:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1317:
1306:
1305:
1302:1953âpresent
1301:
1285:
1274:
1273:
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1253:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1221:
1210:
1209:
1205:
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1178:
1177:
1173:
1157:
1146:
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1125:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1093:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1061:
1050:
1049:
1046:1948âpresent
1045:
1029:
1018:
1017:
1014:1951âpresent
1013:
997:
986:
985:
982:1950âpresent
981:
965:
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953:
947:
931:
920:
919:
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840:
834:
825:
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819:
814:
810:
808:
804:
803:osteomyelitis
800:
795:
793:
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785:
784:lymphadenitis
781:
777:
772:
769:
765:
755:
752:
750:
745:
742:
738:
734:
730:
725:
723:
719:
715:
706:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
677:immunotherapy
674:
670:
667:
663:
662:
661:
659:
652:
651:H&E stain
648:
644:
641:
640:granulomatous
637:
633:
628:
624:
620:
615:
605:
602:
599:
598:
597:
586:
582:
581:helminthiasis
578:
575:
571:
567:
563:
560:
556:
553:
549:
548:
547:
538:
536:
532:
528:
523:
521:
516:
512:
510:
504:
500:
496:
494:
491:
487:
481:
466:
464:
459:
457:
453:
452:
447:
443:
438:
434:
432:
428:
424:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
378:
374:
371:
367:
366:
364:
362:
358:
351:
347:
344:
340:
339:
337:
335:
331:
324:
323:
321:
319:
315:
308:
304:
303:
301:
299:
295:
290:
283:
281:
271:
268:
258:
255:
246:
243:
233:
232:
230:
228:
224:
219:
211:
206:
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196:
193:
192:
190:
188:
184:
181:
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173:
170:
168:
162:
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150:
141:
140:
138:
136:
132:
128:
124:
122:
118:
114:
110:
108:
104:
100:
96:
94:
90:
87:Clinical data
85:
82:
79:
77:
73:
70:
69:
65:
61:
58:
54:
49:
43:
38:
30:
19:
8735:Epidemiology
8711:
8683:
8569:DTaP-IPV/Hib
8511:
8360:Yellow fever
8273:EpiVacCorona
8029:
8025:Tuberculosis
7998:Pneumococcal
7966:Lyme disease
7794:Heterologous
7693:Immunization
7604:
7600:
7590:
7553:
7549:
7539:
7526:
7517:
7505:. Retrieved
7493:
7481:
7436:
7432:
7422:
7387:
7383:
7373:
7338:
7334:
7324:
7291:
7287:
7281:
7246:
7243:npj Vaccines
7242:
7232:
7220:. Retrieved
7206:
7163:
7159:
7150:
7107:
7103:
7093:
7048:
7044:
7034:
6999:
6995:
6985:
6958:
6954:
6944:
6932:. Retrieved
6923:
6914:
6902:. Retrieved
6876:
6870:
6845:
6841:
6835:
6823:. Retrieved
6814:
6804:
6795:
6789:
6752:
6748:
6738:
6725:. Retrieved
6708:
6704:
6694:
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6644:
6634:
6620:. Retrieved
6611:
6607:
6593:
6583:
6575:
6566:. Retrieved
6557:
6553:
6543:
6534:
6529:
6522:
6514:
6510:
6506:
6502:
6497:
6489:
6480:. Retrieved
6471:
6466:
6459:
6447:. Retrieved
6438:
6434:
6424:
6389:
6385:
6375:
6340:
6336:
6326:
6315:, retrieved
6307:FiercePharma
6306:
6296:
6284:. Retrieved
6276:FiercePharma
6275:
6265:
6253:. Retrieved
6241:
6229:
6218:, retrieved
6209:
6186:, retrieved
6179:the original
6174:
6162:
6150:. Retrieved
6141:
6132:
6120:. Retrieved
6116:the original
6106:
6094:. Retrieved
6080:
6068:. Retrieved
6054:
6031:
6025:
6013:. Retrieved
5999:
5987:. Retrieved
5978:
5969:
5957:. Retrieved
5943:
5932:the original
5915:
5878:
5874:
5864:
5829:
5825:
5815:
5807:the original
5802:
5793:
5748:
5744:
5734:
5722:. Retrieved
5716:. Pakistan.
5713:
5703:
5695:the original
5690:
5686:
5676:
5663:
5654:
5642:. Retrieved
5633:
5624:
5612:. Retrieved
5598:
5581:
5577:
5571:
5559:. Retrieved
5551:The Observer
5550:
5540:
5528:. Retrieved
5517:
5508:
5498:24 September
5496:. Retrieved
5487:
5478:
5456:(1): 17â43.
5453:
5449:
5443:
5431:. Retrieved
5422:
5413:
5376:
5372:
5362:
5350:. Retrieved
5341:
5332:
5320:. Retrieved
5306:
5294:. Retrieved
5290:the original
5280:
5268:. Retrieved
5261:the original
5248:
5235:
5226:
5214:. Retrieved
5205:
5195:
5183:. Retrieved
5171:
5159:
5147:. Retrieved
5138:
5129:
5117:. Retrieved
5108:
5099:
5077:(10): 1258.
5074:
5070:
5064:
5052:. Retrieved
5048:the original
5043:
5034:
5022:. Retrieved
5002:
4993:
4984:
4972:. Retrieved
4963:
4954:
4911:
4907:
4897:
4885:. Retrieved
4865:
4853:. Retrieved
4849:the original
4844:
4835:
4823:. Retrieved
4815:sciensano.be
4814:
4811:"Prevention"
4805:
4793:. Retrieved
4784:
4760:. Retrieved
4755:
4731:. Retrieved
4717:
4705:. Retrieved
4701:the original
4691:
4664:
4660:
4650:
4638:. Retrieved
4629:
4620:
4608:. Retrieved
4568:
4564:
4551:
4539:. Retrieved
4423:
4419:
4413:
4380:
4376:
4370:
4353:10665/240940
4343:
4339:
4333:
4303:(2): 85â92.
4300:
4296:
4289:
4252:
4248:
4238:
4205:
4201:
4194:
4160:(2): 66â69.
4157:
4153:
4143:
4108:
4104:
4094:
4082:. Retrieved
4073:
4064:
4052:. Retrieved
4044:bestbets.org
4043:
4034:
3999:
3995:
3947:
3943:
3933:
3906:
3902:
3892:
3867:
3863:
3829:
3825:
3778:
3774:
3764:
3732:
3728:
3711:
3676:
3672:
3662:
3627:
3623:
3613:
3599:cite journal
3587:. Retrieved
3562:
3558:
3548:
3515:
3511:
3504:
3469:
3465:
3455:
3410:
3406:
3396:
3359:. Retrieved
3350:
3340:
3315:
3311:
3305:
3280:
3276:
3270:
3235:
3231:
3185:
3181:
3147:
3143:
3122:. Retrieved
3108:
3073:
3069:
3059:
3047:. Retrieved
3027:
3023:
2998:10665/232372
2988:
2984:
2978:
2969:10665/371090
2959:
2950:
2915:
2911:
2865:
2861:
2854:
2817:
2813:
2803:
2779:(1): 53â58.
2776:
2772:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2699:10665/260307
2692:(8): 73â96.
2689:
2685:
2617:
2613:
2607:
2595:. Retrieved
2588:the original
2560:. Retrieved
2547:
2538:
2528:21 September
2526:. Retrieved
2517:
2508:
2498:21 September
2496:. Retrieved
2487:
2478:
2466:. Retrieved
2455:
2446:
2434:. Retrieved
2423:
2414:
2402:. Retrieved
2384:
2367:double-blind
2363:
2359:
2347:
2332:
2321:
2310:
2302:
2298:Mantoux test
2290:
2267:
2256:
2234:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2207:
2203:
2191:
2180:
2162:freeze dried
2159:
2136:
2123:
2094:
2083:
2077:
831:
815:
811:
796:
773:
761:
753:
746:
726:
711:
693:colon cancer
664:A number of
655:
643:inflammation
614:
604:Buruli ulcer
595:
592:Mycobacteria
544:
524:
517:
513:
505:
501:
497:
493:Mantoux test
486:tuberculosis
483:
474:Tuberculosis
469:Medical uses
460:
449:
439:
435:
423:Buruli ulcer
406:tuberculosis
397:
393:
389:
387:
227:Legal status
221:Legal status
176:intravesical
172:Percutaneous
135:License data
76:Vaccine type
66:
29:
8771:from market
8667:Controversy
8601:researchers
8517:Hepatitis B
8403:Hepatitis C
8348:Chicken pox
8174:Hepatitis E
8169:Hepatitis B
8164:Hepatitis A
8110:Chikungunya
8087:Shigellosis
7941:Brucellosis
7827:Therapeutic
7781:Inactivated
7721:Development
7709:Inoculation
7701:Vaccination
7648:BCG Vaccine
6441:: 211â216.
6255:11 February
5989:14 February
5119:26 December
4795:5 September
4762:5 September
4610:5 September
4255:: 6230409.
3387:10665/66120
2597:18 November
2562:5 September
2214:vaccination
2196:Robert Koch
2074:Manufacture
2031:Middle East
1880:1960sâ1987
1862:Switzerland
1478:Netherlands
1334:1950sâ2015
776:lymph nodes
741:antibiotics
729:intradermal
292:Identifiers
284:JP: Rx-only
180:intradermal
154:BCG Vaccine
121:MedlinePlus
93:Trade names
34:BCG vaccine
8824:Categories
8702:Thiomersal
8648:Paul Offit
8623:Jonas Salk
8599:Inventors/
8470:research:
8447:research:
8384:research:
8313:Skycovione
8303:SanofiâGSK
8248:SARS-CoV-2
8159:Hantavirus
8120:rVSV-ZEBOV
8105:Adenovirus
8073:research:
7951:Diphtheria
7789:Attenuated
7607:: 101414.
7222:16 January
6705:The Lancet
6505:virulentes
6317:29 January
6220:29 January
6188:29 January
6122:2 February
6096:2 February
5634:mhlw.go.jp
5185:20 October
5024:2 February
4630:toronto.ca
4541:21 October
2376:References
2185:. By 1865
1944:?âpresent
1848:1940â1975
1816:1965â1981
1784:1947â2005
1752:1953â2012
1464:?âpresent
1432:?âpresent
1206:1950â2007
1174:1941â2006
1142:?âpresent
1110:1946â1986
1078:1953â2010
916:1952â1990
718:tuberculin
689:Vaccinogen
636:Micrograph
617:See also:
559:Birmingham
478:See also:
350:5H5854UBMZ
343:8VJE55B0VG
318:ChemSpider
81:Attenuated
8781:Phase III
8769:Withdrawn
8697:Pox party
8507:ALVAC-CEA
8429:Protozoan
8318:Sputnik V
8268:CoronaVac
8238:Rotavirus
8136:Pandemrix
7988:Pertussis
7929:Bacterial
7813:Synthetic
7776:Conjugate
7728:Adjuvants
7705:Infection
7198:210044794
7142:209528484
6815:APTN News
6727:9 October
6622:9 October
6614:: 75â95.
6568:9 October
6482:8 October
6449:8 October
6142:en.ssi.dk
6088:. RxMed.
6036:CRC Press
5881:(1): 42.
5614:6 January
5433:15 August
4325:229179250
4230:149444603
4084:15 August
4054:15 August
3049:6 January
2918:: g4643.
2820:: 65â79.
2080:virulence
2012:globally.
1414:Lithuania
165:Routes of
107:Drugs.com
8830:Vaccines
8814:Medicine
8539:Prostvac
8532:Gardasil
8527:Cervarix
8474:Hookworm
8353:Shingles
8335:Smallpox
8253:Corbevax
8189:Gardasil
8184:Cervarix
7922:Vaccines
7876:Schedule
7847:Global:
7755:Timeline
7697:Vaccines
7631:35582122
7582:36027906
7531:Archived
7507:14 April
7498:Archived
7473:33027297
7433:PLOS ONE
7414:36027906
7365:35597119
7308:28532186
7273:29951281
7216:Archived
7190:31911698
7134:31894152
7085:31894150
7018:22189537
6977:21673035
6928:Archived
6895:Archived
6862:17844722
6825:31 March
6819:Archived
6781:37770951
6772:10540498
6721:Archived
6685:18020962
6677:21647341
6616:Archived
6562:Archived
6511:virulent
6476:Archived
6443:Archived
6416:13995378
6367:29254839
6311:archived
6280:Archived
6246:Archived
6214:archived
6146:Archived
6090:Archived
6064:Archived
6015:31 March
6009:Archived
5983:Archived
5953:Archived
5907:20030825
5856:32401274
5785:32995607
5718:Archived
5668:Archived
5638:Archived
5608:Archived
5561:24 April
5555:Archived
5530:27 March
5524:Archived
5492:Archived
5450:Tubercle
5427:Archived
5405:21445325
5352:11 April
5346:Archived
5316:Archived
5296:14 April
5270:11 April
5240:Archived
5210:Archived
5176:Archived
5143:Archived
5113:Archived
5091:25216844
5015:Archived
4974:16 April
4968:Archived
4938:27380797
4887:11 April
4878:Archived
4855:11 April
4819:Archived
4789:Archived
4727:Archived
4707:12 March
4683:28705514
4634:Archived
4601:Archived
4597:37883326
4588:10602616
4535:Archived
4440:18774406
4405:40371125
4397:16616560
4362:17526121
4317:33308969
4281:30984262
4222:31074322
4184:Archived
4176:22135589
4135:23440826
4078:Archived
4048:Archived
4026:31666281
3972:35749038
3964:16026248
3884:17604943
3846:24674149
3805:11500410
3753:Archived
3749:15755581
3703:35712983
3654:11796598
3583:Archived
3540:24334622
3532:11978337
3447:17372194
3355:Archived
3297:15126436
3262:22189700
3210:44737409
3118:Archived
3100:20020010
3040:Archived
2958:(2023).
2942:25097193
2890:24961108
2882:23253618
2846:26000263
2795:24023600
2751:41880560
2743:17641786
2708:29474026
2634:18032829
2556:Archived
2522:Archived
2518:DailyMed
2492:Archived
2462:Archived
2430:Archived
2398:Archived
2356:COVID-19
2307:Research
2226:M. bovis
2222:M. bovis
2183:smallpox
2108:company
2003:osteitis
1766:Slovenia
1734:Slovakia
1606:Portugal
996:Bulgaria
875:Country
837:Americas
807:osteitis
638:showing
541:Efficacy
527:pandemic
298:DrugBank
187:ATC code
149:DailyMed
8728:Related
8674:General
8436:Malaria
8323:Valneva
8288:Novavax
8283:Moderna
8278:Janssen
8263:CanSino
8243:Rubella
8201:Measles
8067:Td/Tdap
8037:Typhoid
8020:Tetanus
8015:Q fever
7946:Cholera
7936:Anthrax
7805:Peptide
7769:Classes
7750:Storage
7622:9098089
7573:9376308
7464:7540851
7441:Bibcode
7405:9376308
7356:9113676
7316:4723444
7264:6013479
7168:Bibcode
7112:Bibcode
7076:7015856
7053:Bibcode
7026:1240058
6934:27 June
6904:12 July
6668:3103864
6507:, ... "
6407:1926490
6358:5777639
6337:Vaccine
6286:12 July
6070:3 March
5959:8 April
5898:2806263
5847:7221856
5776:7505765
5753:Bibcode
5745:Heliyon
5724:8 April
5644:10 July
5590:6813052
5470:1085050
5396:3062527
5322:8 April
5216:6 April
5149:5 April
5054:4 April
4966:. THL.
4946:3792173
4929:5837789
4825:8 April
4661:Vaccine
4640:8 April
4448:6702107
4272:6431507
4167:3216207
4126:6532703
4017:6822991
3925:1922207
3729:Vaccine
3718:Zumla A
3694:9542036
3589:14 June
3579:5924215
3496:3258499
3487:1778792
3438:1838518
3415:Bibcode
3361:18 June
3332:8144299
3253:3269512
3232:Vaccine
3202:7475776
3164:8309034
3091:2792660
3036:8602127
2933:4122754
2837:4427258
2786:3749764
2773:Maedica
2404:31 July
2396:(TGA).
2352:(T1D).
2192:"virus"
2169:History
1926:Ukraine
1638:Romania
1624:?â2016
1496:?-1979
1446:Moldova
1316:Ireland
1284:Hungary
1270:?â2016
1220:Germany
1156:Finland
1124:Estonia
1092:Denmark
1028:Croatia
930:Belgium
898:Austria
845:leprosy
799:gluteal
764:keloids
733:deltoid
680:cancer.
671:BCG is
418:leprosy
402:vaccine
398:vaccine
307:DB12768
252::
207: (
205:L03AX03
203:)
197: (
195:J07AN01
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127:a682809
8800:Portal
8764:WHO-EM
8684:Lancet
8561:TA-NIC
8546:NicVAX
8393:Dengue
8233:Rabies
8054:Typhus
7993:Plague
7871:Policy
7832:Toxoid
7760:Trials
7654:(MeSH)
7629:
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7160:Nature
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4733:28 May
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3182:Lancet
3162:
3124:9 June
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2632:
2468:5 June
2436:5 June
2317:sepsis
2263:LĂŒbeck
2218:cowpox
2126:UNICEF
2106:Polish
2045:Africa
2026:(EPI).
1956:
1924:
1894:Turkey
1892:
1860:
1830:Sweden
1828:
1796:
1764:
1732:
1702:Serbia
1700:
1670:Russia
1668:
1636:
1604:
1574:Poland
1572:
1542:Norway
1540:
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1382:Latvia
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1252:Greece
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1188:France
1186:
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865:Europe
625:, and
611:Cancer
377:D06466
370:D03063
280:â-only
278:
265:
254:â-only
240:
147:
63:Target
8692:NCVIA
8556:TA-CD
8490:Other
8441:RTS,S
8221:Sabin
8216:Polio
8211:Mumps
8115:Ebola
8098:Viral
8047:ViCPS
8042:Ty21a
7976:MeNZB
7906:VAERS
7856:NITAG
7785:Live
7501:(PDF)
7490:(PDF)
7312:S2CID
7194:S2CID
7138:S2CID
7022:S2CID
6898:(PDF)
6881:(PDF)
6681:S2CID
6533:[
6470:[
6249:(PDF)
6238:(PDF)
6182:(PDF)
6171:(PDF)
6152:2 May
5935:(PDF)
5924:(PDF)
5921:"BCG"
5264:(PDF)
5257:(PDF)
5179:(PDF)
5168:(PDF)
5139:ĂNTSZ
5018:(PDF)
5011:(PDF)
4960:"THL"
4942:S2CID
4881:(PDF)
4874:(PDF)
4604:(PDF)
4561:(PDF)
4444:S2CID
4401:S2CID
4321:S2CID
4226:S2CID
4002:(1).
3968:S2CID
3796:98650
3756:(PDF)
3725:(PDF)
3536:S2CID
3206:S2CID
3043:(PDF)
3020:(PDF)
2886:S2CID
2747:S2CID
2591:(PDF)
2584:(PDF)
2552:(FDA)
2548:U.S.
2488:(emc)
2248:Lille
2206:from
2156:Dried
1994:2008.
1798:Spain
1348:Italy
828:Usage
722:IL-12
442:ulcer
400:is a
8418:Zika
8378:MMRV
8226:Salk
8206:Mpox
8152:LAIV
8147:H5N8
8142:H5N1
8132:H1N1
8008:PPSV
7891:ACIP
7887:US:
7861:SAGE
7822:mRNA
7738:list
7627:PMID
7578:PMID
7509:2020
7469:PMID
7410:PMID
7361:PMID
7304:PMID
7269:PMID
7224:2024
7186:PMID
7130:PMID
7081:PMID
7014:PMID
6973:PMID
6936:2024
6906:2013
6885:ISBN
6858:PMID
6827:2021
6777:PMID
6729:2020
6673:PMID
6649:2011
6624:2020
6570:2020
6484:2020
6451:2020
6412:PMID
6363:PMID
6319:2016
6288:2020
6257:2016
6222:2016
6190:2016
6154:2024
6124:2014
6098:2014
6072:2021
6040:ISBN
6017:2020
5991:2022
5961:2020
5903:PMID
5852:PMID
5826:JAMA
5781:PMID
5726:2020
5714:Dawn
5646:2017
5616:2020
5586:PMID
5563:2024
5532:2016
5500:2014
5466:PMID
5435:2022
5401:PMID
5354:2020
5324:2020
5298:2020
5272:2020
5218:2020
5187:2022
5151:2020
5121:2020
5087:PMID
5056:2020
5026:2014
4976:2020
4934:PMID
4889:2020
4857:2020
4827:2020
4797:2024
4764:2024
4735:2024
4709:2015
4679:PMID
4642:2020
4612:2024
4593:PMID
4543:2020
4436:PMID
4393:PMID
4358:PMID
4313:PMID
4277:PMID
4253:2019
4218:PMID
4172:PMID
4131:PMID
4109:2013
4086:2022
4056:2022
4022:PMID
3960:PMID
3921:PMID
3880:PMID
3842:PMID
3801:PMID
3745:PMID
3699:PMID
3650:PMID
3605:link
3591:2024
3575:PMID
3528:PMID
3492:PMID
3443:PMID
3363:2021
3328:PMID
3293:PMID
3277:JAMA
3258:PMID
3198:PMID
3160:PMID
3144:JAMA
3126:2023
3096:PMID
3051:2020
3032:PMID
2938:PMID
2878:PMID
2842:PMID
2791:PMID
2739:PMID
2704:PMID
2630:PMID
2599:2021
2564:2024
2530:2020
2500:2020
2470:2022
2438:2022
2406:2024
2333:The
2268:Dr.
1985:Asia
572:and
456:live
412:and
388:The
361:KEGG
334:UNII
325:none
103:AHFS
8679:MMR
8522:HPV
8512:BCG
8413:HIV
8373:MMR
8179:HPV
8127:Flu
8030:BCG
8003:PCV
7956:Hib
7911:VSD
7818:DNA
7713:J07
7617:PMC
7609:doi
7568:PMC
7558:doi
7459:PMC
7449:doi
7400:PMC
7392:doi
7351:PMC
7343:doi
7339:108
7296:doi
7259:PMC
7251:doi
7176:doi
7164:577
7120:doi
7108:577
7071:PMC
7061:doi
7049:577
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6959:204
6850:doi
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6757:doi
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6709:158
6663:PMC
6653:doi
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6402:PMC
6394:doi
6353:PMC
6345:doi
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5883:doi
5842:PMC
5834:doi
5830:323
5771:PMC
5761:doi
5458:doi
5391:PMC
5381:doi
5079:doi
4924:PMC
4916:doi
4669:doi
4583:PMC
4573:doi
4428:doi
4424:372
4385:doi
4381:367
4348:hdl
4305:doi
4267:PMC
4257:doi
4210:doi
4162:PMC
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2870:doi
2866:111
2832:PMC
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