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of the Manchu campaign to pacify China, they attacked some
Buddhist Shaolin Temples. The leader of the Shaolin Temple, Hong Mei (“Red Eyebrows”) died, leaving his legacy to Chi Thien Su, also known as Jee Sin, one of the five Great Kung Fu Masters. According to some stories another such master, Chu Long Tuyen, the monk who would later become Bak Mei, did not accept this. He believed the Ming had become corrupt and Chi Thien Su would still serve them; Bak Mei would rather serve the foreign Qing Dynasty. Then came the attack against the Shaolin Temple at Quanzhou in Fujian province in 1647. Some sources indicate that this temple was actually in Henan, or that the invading forces recruited help from Tibetan warriors in the attack. The Five Elders survived, however, and soon Chi Thien Su would found a second Shaolin Temple at Nine Lotus Mountain, also in Fujian Province. The Five Kung Fu Masters survived the first destruction of the Shaolin Temple by Qing Imperial forces and sought shelter in another temple, Fujian Temple, but the other monks were massacred. After Bak Mei refused to provide his real name for fear of retribution (against his family and students - if they survived), the Abbott of the temple christened the monk “Bak Mei” - White Eyebrow. According to some stories, Bak Mei betrayed the Ming at this point, taking information about their plot against the Manchu to the Manchu Shunzhi Emperor, then returned with information about the Manchu attack plan to the Shaolin. After the temple was destroyed by the Manchu, Bak Mei left the temple to study Taoism. Bak Mei trained an anti-Imperial attack force but following capture of the force by the Imperials, was forced to teach and lead 50,000 Imperial troops in the second destruction of the Shaolin Temple at Henan to prevent those captured with him from being tortured and killed. There, Bak Mei slew the “invincible” Shaolin leader, Chi Thien Su, in single combat by breaking his neck. He claimed he did this to prevent the massacre of the monks in the temple by the troops who followed him. The tale of Bak Mei's death comes in many forms - it is often claimed that he was poisoned, or slain (in a grand battle) by other martial artists. Bak Mei is often portrayed as a traitor, however, it is important to note that Bak Mei's actions are not always consistent with this. Bak Mei's actions were undertaken, even to the destruction of the temple, with the intention of preventing harm to those who had chosen to follow him. It is possible that if Bak Mei had not aided the Imperial forces, his followers would have been tortured to death.
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studying martial arts with the Lam family, he became close friends with their son Lam Yiu-Kwai, with whom he had much in common. Lam would later become known for disseminating Dragon Kung Fu much as Cheung would later become known for disseminating Bak Mei. Both were born in Hu¨¬y¨¢ng (»Ýê–) County in the prefecture of
Huizhou in Guangdong and a marriage between their families would eventually make them cousins. They both left Huizhou to build their futures in Guangzhou and did so by opening several schools together. After moving to Guangzhou, Cheung was defeated by the monk Lin Sang after which the monk referred Cheung to his own teacher master Juk Faat Wan, who taught Cheung the art of Bak Mei over the next two or three years. Cheung had a background in Hakka Kuen, the martial arts of the Hakka people, from his study of the family style of Li Mung and the Vagrant style, which are both identified with the Hakka, as is Southern Praying Mantis (which Cheung is not known to have trained in). Because of this, Cheung's style of Bak Mei is associated with Hakka Kuen, but more strongly still with the Dragon style of Lam Yiu-Kwai¡ªwho is also said to have had a background in Hakka Kuen¡ªdue to the many years Cheung and Lam spent training together.
1413:(1662–1722), the warriors of the Xilufan rebellion were so feared that the two ministers whom Kangxi ordered to quell the revolt fled China rather than face the mercilessness of the Xilu warriors, which often involved beheading. In 1673, over a period of three months, the 128 monks of the southern Shaolin Temple defeated the Xilu army without suffering a single casualty. However, by doing so they had made enemies of some Qing officers who were embarrassed by how easily the Shaolin monks had succeeded where they had failed.
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detail was omitted for reasons of length. In other versions, Bak Mei and Ma Ning-Yee both betray
Shaolin, sometimes joined by Fung Do-Duk. Still other versions say that “Bak Mei” is a nickname for either Ma Ning-Yee or Fung Do-Duk. For that matter, the legend of Bak Mei may have no basis in historical fact at all, and come solely from wuxia novels like Wan Nian Qing. The legends are particularly confused because some temples were burned down repeatedly, including after the time of Bak Mei.
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1170:), and also found in Karate. Unique to Bak Mei is its classification of the following 6 powers: biu (thrusting), chum (sinking), tan (springing), fa (neutralizing), tung, and chuk. Bak Mei emphasizes the movements of the tiger. The traditions of Bak Mei Kung Fu trace its origins to Mount Emei, where Bak Mei is said to have transmitted the art to the Chan (Zen) master Gwong Wai, who transmitted the art to the Chan master Juk Faat Wan and the Taoist Fung Fo.
1211:(A Thousand Years Green or Evergreen) as being one of the five Elders who survived the sacking of the Shaolin Temple (circa 1727) by the Qing army. Yet there are problems with this source: it is a work of fiction, and there is no historical evidence to suggest that the Shaolin Temple of Henan Province was ever attacked and destroyed by the Qing armies but this is not unexpected considering the destruction of many martial texts in Shaolin history.
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1243:, meaning India. Zhu Fayun is said to have been a Buddhist monk from Emei Shan in Sichuan Province on a pilgrimage to the Guangxiao (Bright Filial Monastery), in Guangzhou. This is entirely plausible as the Guangxiao monastery is one of the oldest temples in south China as well as being one of the most influential Buddhist shrines. During his stay in Guangxiao, Zhu Fayun committed to teach Zhang Liquan (Cheung Lai Chuen) the Baimei arts.
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1258:(Cantonese: Say Mun Ba Gua) which he openly professed were his own works. It would appear contradictory to suggest that such a man, who has been totally honest about the origins of all that he has learnt, would deny the existence of one teacher, or indeed invent a fictional character to disguise his own works when he has already affirmed creating several of his own.
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Between the surprise attack, the fire, and the overwhelming number of Qing soldiers, 110 out of the 128 monks were killed that day. The Great
Shaolin Purge took 70 days as Qing forces hunted down the 18 survivors. The surviving monks of Shaolin inflicted massive casualties on their Qing pursuers but, in the end, their numbers were too great.
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grandson according to other sources) whom Bak Mei had known since Sai Yuk was a small boy. Some say he was finally killed by the combined effort of Hoong Man Ting and Wu Ah Phiew who employed the Crane Style and the Tiger Style to avenge the burning of the
Shaolin Temple and the death of their sigung (teacher's teacher), the Venerable
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where they had failed. Soon rumors began to spread about the threat posed by a power so great that it defeated the entire Xilu army with a force of only 128 monks. This campaign of innuendo was wasted on the Kangxi
Emperor, who remained grateful to the monks, but the rumors had their intended effect on his successor, the
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number of Qing soldiers, 110 out of the 128 monks were killed that day. The Great
Shaolin Purge took 70 days as Qing forces hunted down the 18 survivors. The surviving warrior monks of Shaolin inflicted massive casualties on their Qing pursuers but, in the end, their numbers were too great. Soon only five remained:
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It would seem that Zhang Liquan was essentially an honest man with respect to his martial arts. He learnt three different styles from three different masters prior to having met Zhu Fayun. He formally acknowledges each of his former Shifu by name and honors them by keeping at least one of their forms
1499:
Bak Mei was eventually killed but accounts disagree on whether he was poisoned or slain. Over the years, the rebels sought to punish Bak Mei for his defection. Almost all who made an attempt on his life ended up dead at Bak Mei's hands. This included Jee Sin and Miu Hin's son Fong Sai Yuk (Miu Hin's
1490:
It was decided that Bak Mei would infiltrate the Qing court as a spy while the others travelled throughout China to establish an alliance of anti-Qing rebels. The more Bak Mei learned, the more he realized that his allies' efforts would never be enough to overthrow the Qing. He decided to give up on
1143:
It was decided that Bak Mei would infiltrate the Qing imperial court as a spy while the others travelled throughout China to establish an alliance of anti-Qing rebels. However, the more Bak Mei learned, the more he realized that his allies’ efforts would never be enough to overthrow the Qing, and so
1086:
It was the 128 monks of the southern
Shaolin temple who defeated the army of Xilu over three months in 1673 without suffering a single casualty. However, by doing so the monks had made enemies of those in the Qing army and Qing court who were embarrassed by how easily the Shaolin monks had succeeded
1416:
Rumors soon began to spread about the threat posed by a power so great that it defeated the entire Xilu army with a force of only 128 monks. This campaign of innuendo was wasted on the Kangxi
Emperor, who remained grateful to the monks, but the rumors had their intended effect on his successor, the
1400:
While he is often portrayed as a traitor, Bak Mei's actions were undertaken, including the destruction of the temple, with the intention of preventing harm to those who had chosen to follow him. It is possible that if Bak Mei had not aided the imperial forces, his followers would have been tortured
1066:
According to legend, Bak Mei played an important part in the downfall of
Shaolin temples. Manchu conquered China in 1644. Before then, China had been ruled by the Ming Dynasty, which had been weakened by internal corruption and rebellion. The Manchu dynasty became known as the Qing Dynasty. As part
1033:
Accounts of the Five Elders are many and varied, with some versions identifying the traitor as Bak Mei and others as Ma Ning-Yee. In other versions, both elders betray Shaolin, sometimes along with Fung Do-Duk. Still others say that “Bak Mei” was actually a nickname for either Ma Ning-Yee or Fung
1428:
In 1723, on the 6th day of the first new moon of the lunar calendar, a former Shaolin disciple named Ma Ning-Yee aided Qing forces to launch a sneak attack on the southern Shaolin Temple. They began the assault by bombarding the largely wooden monastery with a relentless deluge of burning arrows.
1156:
Both these versions of the legend of Pai Mei come from inheritors of Bak Mei Kung Fu yet are very different from each other. Accounts of the Bak Mei and the Five Great Kung Fu Masters are many and varied. The latter account names the Shaolin traitor as Ma Ning-Yee rather than Bak Mei, though that
1094:
In 1723, on the sixth day of the first new moon of the lunar calendar, Qing forces launched a sneak attack on the southern Shaolin temple, which began by bombarding the largely wooden monastery with a relentless deluge of burning arrows. Between the surprise attack, the fire, and the overwhelming
1195:
In 2012, academic research was done on the historical origins of the style of Baimei Quan (Pak Mei Kuen or White Eyebrow Fist) and the validity of the monk Bai Mei, using the resources of US University Professors of Chinese and Buddhist Studies as well as Mr. Xiong Feng of the Emei Shan Museum,
1144:
he left the rebellion, who took this as a betrayal, forcing Bak Mei on the run from those he was once on the run with. Almost all of the rebels who over the years sought to murder Bak Mei for his withdrawal from the struggle ended up dead at Bak Mei's hands, including Jee Sin and Miu Hin's son,
1217:
means Vast Benevolence and is a typical Buddhist nomination for either a monk or a temple; indeed there are several temples throughout China that bear this name. Yet on searching through the surviving gazetteers for Mount Emei there is no mention of a monk named Guanghui. There is no material
1186:
Cheung Lai-Chuen began his study of the martial arts at the age of 7 with the traditional Chinese medicine practitioner Shak Lim, who taught him the Vagrant style. Later, Cheung would learn from Li Mung, who taught Chueng his family style, and from the Lam Yiu-Kwai's older uncle. While he was
1396:
Bak Mei trained an anti-imperial attack force but, following capture of the force by the imperials, was forced to teach and lead 50,000 imperial troops in the second destruction of the Shaolin Temple to prevent those captured with him from being tortured and killed. There, Bak Mei slew the
1380:
Chi Thien Su, one of the Five Elders, founded another temple at Nine Lotus Mountain in Fujian where the survivors sought shelter. Chu Long Tuyen refused to provide his real name for fear of retribution against his family and students, in case they survived. The abbot then christened him
1539:) common in the southern Chinese martial arts. It is characterized by its emphasis on powerful close range hand strikes. Bak Mei strikes are usually executed in conjunction with intercepting and jamming the opponent's strike. Unique to Bak Mei, is its classification of the following 6
1049:, which were spreading rapidly through China in the early 19th century. Whether justified or not, Bak Mei's traitorous reputation led to animosity between practitioners of his namesake martial art and practitioners of martial arts identified with those whom he is accused of betraying.
1765:(Chinese) (Cantonese) (Mandarin) 邱人和 Yau Yan Wo / Qiu Renhe 劉鑫容 Lau Yam Yung / Liu Xinrong 朱百貴 Jyu/Chu Bak Gwai / Zhu Baigui 葉竹林 Yip Juk Lam / Ye Zhulin 王耀光 Wong Yiu Gwong / Wang Yaoguang 李達橋 Lei Dat Kiu / Li Daqiao
1269:(East River Fist). A common denominator to all these forms is that they are divided into two parts; the second being a repetition of the first, performed in the opposite direction. They also have numerous stances and techniques in common and share similar terminology and methodology.
1083:, the warriors of the Xilufan revolt were so feared that the two ministers the Kangxi Emperor ordered to end their attacks fled China rather than face either the mercilessness of the Xilu warriors or the displeasure of the emperor, both of which often involved beheading.
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Bak Mei is characterized by its emphasis on powerful close range hand strikes. Within Bak Mei can be found the four principles of Fou (Float), Chum (Sink), Tun (Swallow), and Tou (Spit) common in the Southern Chinese martial arts like Ng Ying Kungfu (Chinese:
1700:
After moving to Guangzhou, Jeung was defeated by the monk Lin Sang after which the monk referred Jeung to his own teacher Juk Faat Wan, who taught Jeung the art of Bak Mei over the next two or three years. Jeung had a background in the martial arts of the
1667:
practitioner Sek Lam, who taught him the vagrant style. Jeung would later learn Li Style from Li Mung, (founded by Li Yi李義) who taught Jeung his family style. While he was studying martial arts with the Lam family, he became close friends with their son
1057:
because he killed several of his fellow monks when he first began practicing his new fighting style. Some Bak Mei practitioners have interpreted this to prove that their founder's style was superior to that of the Shaolin disciples he allegedly killed.
1571:. Additionally, it contains numerous Dim-Mak applications. These applications are comparable with anatomy focused arts such as tuite and chin-nah. Some of these applications involve throwing, takedowns, and restraining techniques.
1389:, then returned with information about the Manchu attack plan to the Shaolin. After the temple was destroyed, Bak Mei and Fong Toh Tak (creator of the Bak Fu Pai) left the temple on separate paths in order to study
1567:. Bak-Mei can produce effects on the nervous system that benefit the practitioner if taught correctly. Bak-Mei emphasizes the techniques of Leopard Kung Fu and its strikes are executed with fluidity and power via
1052:
In the accounts of some Bak Mei practitioners, their founder did not so much betray Shaolin as decline to join their rebellion against the Qing. Other accounts portray Bak Mei as having been banished from
1686:
1397:"invincible" Shaolin leader Jee Sin in single combat by breaking his neck. He claimed he did this to prevent the massacre of the monks in the temple by the troops who followed him.
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The degree to which stories of the Five Elders are based on historical fact remains unverified. Their ubiquity and widespread popularity can be at least partially attributed to
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in 1644. Hong Mei ("Red Eyebrows"), abbot of the Southern Shaolin Temple, died during this time and his position was passed onto Chi Thien Su, known by his Dharma name
1421:(1722–1735). He began his reign by plotting the temple's destruction and was said to have secretly recruited a band of renegade warrior monks from
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Perfection". Another master named Chu Long Tuyen did not accept this. He believed the Ming had become corrupt and would rather serve the Manchu
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1385:"White Eyebrows". According to some stories, Bak Mei betrayed the Ming by taking information about their plot against the invaders to the
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1218:
evidence to suggest that Guanghui came from Emei Shan; all we have is the oral tradition from Zhang Liquan (Cheung Lai Chuen) that his
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1672:, with whom he had much in common, and eventually studied under Yiu Gwai's uncle. Lam would later become known for disseminating
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All the supplementary forms in the Pak Mei syllabus, whatever the original style, fall under the collective classification of
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1148:, whom Bak Mei had known since Fong was a small boy. In other accounts, Fong Sai-yuk is not Miu Hin's son but his grandson.
982:(1644–1912)—who, according to some accounts, betrayed Shaolin to the imperial government. He shares his name with the
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and a marriage between their families would eventually make them cousins. They both left Huizhou to build their futures in
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in the Pak Mei syllabus. At a later stage in his career, Zhang Liquan formulated several of his own forms, including
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According to the Fatsan family tree, Pak Mei passed the art to Kwong Wai, Chuk Yun, Fung Fo Dao Yan, Lau Siu-Leung (
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The Taoist Fung Fo in turn passed the art on to Lau Siu-Leung, who established the Futshan lineage of Bak Mei.
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much as Jeung would later become known for disseminating Bak Mei. Both were born in Huìyáng County (
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After two years of running and hiding from the Qing army, these fugitives of the cloth regrouped at
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After two years of running and hiding from the Qing army, these fugitives of the cloth regrouped at
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Soon only five remained. Their identities vary but they are generally accepted as the following:
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1011:(1980). Bak Mei as a fictional character is better known in the West as Pai Mei, played by
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White Eyebrow Bak Mei Pai Kung-Fu Applications and Training Details, Volume 1
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Bak Mei's fighting style makes use of the four principles of "floating" (
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Historical Bak Mei according to the lineage of master Jie Kon Sieuw
970:'White Eyebrow') is said to have been one of the legendary
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Cheung Lai Chuen's first set of six disciples in Guangzhou were:
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1520:(Zen) master Gwong Wai who then passed it on to Juk Faat Wan.
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The Daoist Fung Do-Duk who later created the white tiger style
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In 1647 Manchu forces attacked the Southern Shaolin Temple in
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due to the many years Jeung and Lam spent training together.
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began his study of the martial arts at the age of 7 with the
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Bak Mei Forms: This is an example of a form curriculum.
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1741:金剛拳 - Gam Gong Kuen (created by 5th gen Chan Gwok Wah)
1091:(r. 1722–1735), who ordered the temple's destruction.
1222:, Zhu Fayun, came from a temple in Sichuan Province.
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may contain excessive or inappropriate references to
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97:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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2145:Inside Kungfu: Chinese Martial Arts Encyclopedia
1697:and did so by opening several schools together.
1405:Bak Mei according to the lineage of Jie Kon Siew
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1124:The "unshaved" (lay) Shaolin student Miu Hin
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1339:Bak Mei according to the lineage of Nam Anh
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60:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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310:Learn how and when to remove this message
157:Learn how and when to remove this message
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2120:Baimei Wuyi (White Eyebrow Martial Arts)
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191:Relevant discussion may be found on the
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2143:Sensei/Renshi Nathan Chlumsky (2015).
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1726:石獅拳 - Sek Si Kuen (also called Sek Si)
1723:十字拳 - Sup Ji Kuen (also called Sup Ji)
1512:The Bak Mei Pai traces its origins to
19:For the Chinese rhythmic gymnast, see
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1463:The "unshaved" (lay) disciple Miu Hin
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974:—survivors of the destruction of the
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16:Legendary Chinese martial arts master
294:where they are used inappropriately.
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1235:means Cloud. The Chinese character
1199:The earliest reference to the monk
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1265:(Southern Fist) or more precisely
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989:Bak Mei has been fictionalized in
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1203:as an actual person comes in the
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1239:formed part of the ancient word
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2232:Professional wrestling in China
2053:. Createspace Independent Pub.
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1254:(Cantonese: Tit Til Kuen) and
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540:Styles of Chinese martial arts
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2417:Martial arts of Hakka origins
2007:
1729:三門八卦 - Saam Mun Baat Gwa Kuen
1191:Historical origins of Bai Mei
1028:
2227:List of Chinese martial arts
1732:四門八卦 - Sei Mun Baat Gwa Kuen
991:Hong Kong martial arts films
546:List of Chinese martial arts
522:Chinese martial arts (Wushu)
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2427:17th-century Buddhist monks
2422:Qing dynasty Buddhist monks
2412:Chinese wushu practitioners
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1665:Classical Chinese Medicine
1330:"White Eyebrow, Buddhist"
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1485:sacred mountains of China
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1247:Zhang Liquan (1882–1964).
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996:Executioners from Shaolin
984:South Chinese martial art
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1750:猛虎出林 - Maang Fu Chut Lam
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1409:During the reign of the
1075:During the reign of the
1047:Heaven and Earth Society
2172:Pak Mei Reference books
2021:Chris Crudelli (2008).
1747:十八摩橋 - Sap Baat Moh Kiu
1738:鷹爪黏橋 - Ying Jow Lim Kiu
1425:to carry out his plan.
1322:Baak6 Mei4 Seung6 Yan4
1182:Cheung Lai-Chuen branch
1008:Clan of the White Lotus
873:Vietnamese martial arts
863:Hong Kong action cinema
2348:Dao (Chinese sword)shu
2118:Robert Yandle (2012).
2023:The Way of the Warrior
1589:Jeung Lai Chuen branch
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1079:(r. 1661–1722) in the
711:Historical individuals
281:self-published sources
2363:Nanquan (martial art)
1720:直步標指 - Jik Bou Biu Ji
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717:Emperor Taizu of Song
450:Gwong Wai / Kwong Wai
2213:Chinese martial arts
1853:Gwong2 Wai6 Sim4 Si1
787:Ten Tigers of Canton
620:Historical locations
493:Dragon Style Kung Fu
447:Famous practitioners
385:Chinese martial arts
197:improve this article
91:improve this article
2391:Portal:Martial arts
2220:Practical grappling
1893:Fung1 Fo2 Dou6 Yan4
1870:Zhú Fǎ Yún Chán Shī
1744:地煞拳 - Dei Saat Kuen
1644:Jeung1 Lai5 Chyun4
1446:The Shaolin Abbess
1312:Pai Mei Shàng Jen2
986:attributed to him.
516:Part of a series on
398:
2246:Practical striking
2049:Tyler Rea (2014).
1850:Guǎng Huì Chán Shī
1535:) and "spitting" (
1473:
1301:Bái Méi Shàng Rén
1115:The Taoist Bak Mei
1062:Historical Bak Mei
799:Modern celebrities
394:
2432:Chinese duellists
2399:
2398:
2288:Throw (grappling)
2154:978-1-3291-1942-0
2129:978-1-8925-1537-7
2122:. Beckett Pubns.
2079:Wingchunpedia.org
2060:978-1-5007-5900-1
2032:978-1-4053-3750-2
2003:
2002:
1753:五行摩 - Ng Hang Moh
1735:九步推 - Gau Bou Tui
1658:
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1600:Cheung Lai-Chuen
1531:), "swallowing" (
1419:Yongzheng Emperor
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1089:Yongzheng Emperor
1022:Kill Bill, Vol. 2
976:Shaolin Monastery
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658:Legendary figures
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2018:
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1559:(neutralizing),
1483:. As one of the
1481:Sichuan Province
1272:
1196:Sichuan, China.
1169:
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2085:on 2015-12-08
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1575:Fushan branch
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1555:(springing),
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689:Li Ching-Yuen
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464:Lau Siu-Leung
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402:Also known as
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277:This article
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214: –
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208:Find sources:
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188:
187:
186:single source
182:This article
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102:Find sources:
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86:
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80:This article
78:
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68:
63:
61:
54:
53:
48:
47:
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37:
28:
27:
22:
2389:
2388:
2268:Leopard Blow
2147:. Lulu.com.
2144:
2138:
2119:
2087:. Retrieved
2083:the original
2078:
2069:
2050:
2022:
2016:
2004:
1984:
1963:
1942:
1921:
1901:
1881:
1861:
1841:
1824:Fung Do-Dak
1821:
1804:Ma Ling-Yee
1801:
1794:Hakka pinjim
1764:
1761:
1715:
1711:Lam Yiu Gwai
1707:dragon style
1703:Hakka people
1699:
1670:Lam Yiu Gwai
1659:
1650:Hakka pinjim
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1356:Chan teacher
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1120:Fung Dou Dak
1093:
1085:
1081:Qing dynasty
1074:
1065:
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1042:
1036:
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1020:
1019:action film
1006:
1005:(1979), and
1000:
994:
988:
980:Qing dynasty
959:
949:
939:
923:
922:
868:Kung fu film
835:Vincent Zhao
679:Fong Sai-yuk
608:Yin and yang
595:
588:
566:
485:Wudang chuan
452:Juk Faat Wan
324:
306:
297:
286:Please help
278:
253:October 2014
250:
240:
233:
226:
219:
207:
183:
153:
147:January 2013
144:
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127:
120:
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101:
89:Please help
84:verification
81:
57:
50:
44:
43:Please help
40:
2353:Gun (staff)
1999:Len2 Sang1
1936:Shak8 Lam2
1551:(sinking),
1508:Bak Mei Pai
1375:Five Elders
1256:Simen Bagua
1118:The Taoist
972:Five Elders
820:Jackie Chan
772:Wang Ziping
767:Huo Yuanjia
737:Yang Luchan
727:Hong Xiguan
699:Five Elders
669:Bodhidharma
441:Five Elders
369:Other names
359:Native name
300:August 2015
2406:Categories
2325:Shuai jiao
2318:Techniques
2258:Joint lock
2089:2015-11-30
2008:References
1996:Lin4 Sang1
1993:Lián Shēng
1978:Li3 Mung2
1975:Lei5 Mung4
1951:Liúmín Pài
1844:Gwong Wai
1830:Féng Dàodé
1687:prefecture
1628:Wade-Giles
1543:(powers):
1514:Mount Emei
1477:Mount Emei
1401:to death.
1344:Ming China
1307:Wade-Giles
1226:Zhu Fayun.
1130:Mount Emei
1029:Background
1013:Gordon Liu
961:Baahk Mèih
946:Wade–Giles
830:Donnie Yen
815:Sammo Hung
810:Bolo Yeung
757:Sun Lutang
747:Wu Quanyou
742:Chan Heung
631:Mount Emei
469:Parenthood
288:improve it
223:newspapers
117:newspapers
46:improve it
2343:Changquan
2075:"Bak Mei"
1987:Lin Sang
1966:Lei Mung
1933:Sek6 Lam4
1924:Shek Lam
1810:Mǎ Níngér
1695:Guangzhou
1691:Guangdong
1682:) in the
1327:Literally
1017:Hollywood
845:Dennis To
805:Bruce Lee
777:Chen Fake
762:Li Shuwen
636:Mount Hua
473:Heihuquan
212:"Bak Mei"
193:talk page
106:"Bak Mei"
52:talk page
1367:Quanzhou
1279:Bak Mei
1263:Nan Quan
1215:Guanghui
1152:Comments
1109:The nun
1034:Do-Duk.
1025:(2004).
999:(1977),
993:such as
499:lineage)
460:Chuk Yun
454:Lin Sang
420:Striking
409:Pai Mei
407:Bai Mei
374:Pai Mei
372:Bai Mei
2373:Tai chi
2253:Chin Na
1972:Lǐ Méng
1930:Shí Lín
1779:Chinese
1684:Huizhou
1606:Chinese
1502:Jee Sin
1442:Jee Sin
1383:Bak Mei
1285:Chinese
1241:Tianzhu
1201:Bai Mei
1105:Jee Sin
1103:master
1015:in the
978:by the
951:Pai Mei
941:Bái Méi
928:Chinese
924:Bak Mei
857:Related
722:Yue Fei
664:Guan Yu
579:Neigong
574:Kung fu
562:Chin Na
489:Chin Na
436:Creator
411:Pak Mei
376:Pak Mei
344:Bak Mei
292:sources
237:scholar
131:scholar
2302:Styles
2151:
2126:
2057:
2029:
1784:Pinyin
1617:Pinyin
1569:Fa jin
1563:, and
1541:neijin
1450:Si Tai
1448:Ng Mui
1391:Taoism
1371:Fujian
1296:Pinyin
1111:Ng Mui
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936:pinyin
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825:Jet Li
782:Ip Man
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568:Fa jin
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1867:竺法雲禪師
1769:Notes
1495:Death
1440:Monk
1423:Tibet
1290:白眉上人
1220:Shifu
1205:Wuxia
1039:Wuxia
883:Wuxia
603:Shifu
556:Terms
495:(for
430:China
416:Focus
381:Style
244:JSTOR
230:books
138:JSTOR
124:books
2358:Jian
2263:Kick
2149:ISBN
2124:ISBN
2055:ISBN
2027:ISBN
1887:風火道人
1847:廣慧禪師
1611:張禮泉
1565:chuk
1561:tung
1549:chum
1529:chum
1518:Chan
1455:Chan
1453:The
1438:Chan
1436:The
1168:五形功夫
1101:Chan
1099:The
967:lit.
397:白眉功夫
216:news
110:news
1948:流民派
1907:劉少良
1827:馮道德
1807:馬寧兒
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964:;
954:;
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