17:
424:
523:
may be recycled, as well as religious activities, although it was not a major ceremonial center. The entire Fort
Canning Hill area therefore may have been once dotted with various buildings of political, religious and commercial significance. In areas near the hill, evidence of commercial activities and metal working have been found. Analyses of Chinese porcelain found indicate occupation of the site from the late 13th to mid-15th century, while evidence of earthenware manufacture may date the existence of a settlement to the 12th century. The royal centre on Fort Canning Hill may have been abandoned before 1400 after the attacks by either the Siamese or the
385:. It resembles a truncated coil. It rises to a hollow summit, by interconnected terraces, so that the people's dwellings encircle it. The soil is poor and grain scarce. The climate is irregular, for there is heavy rain in summer, when it is rather cool. By custom and disposition are honest. They wear their hair short, with turbans of gold-brocaded satin, and red-oiled cloths their bodies. They boil sea-water to obtain salt and ferment rice to make spirits called
44:
208:
460:
wrote about the ruins in some details. Crawfurd described in 1822 the ancient city as being roughly triangular in shape with a base of around a mile in length. It was bounded to the north by remnants of a wall nearly a mile long, around 16 feet (5 m) wide and about 8–9 feet (3 m) high along
414:
Wang's accounts suggest that the city of
Temasek was moated and gated, and that the Siamese attacked the city moat of Temasek with around 70 ships a few years before he visited. The city however successfully resisted the attack for a month until the Siamese left when Javanese envoys happened to pass
376:
of
Temasek. Its relationship with Long Ya Men is uncertain, and the descriptions of the people in Banzu and Long Ya Men are different, including their clothing. While the people of Long Ya Men were said to be prone to acts of piracy, the people of Ban Zu were described as honest.
484:
was being excavated. These include a pair of near-identical flexible armlets, a finger ring inscribed with a bird-like motif, three pairs of circular rings (perhaps earrings), an elliptical ornament, and a jewelled clasp with a disc-and-conch motif. Some of these including the clasp were lost during
468:
Crawfurd also noted the remains of buildings, some of brick foundation, on the west and northern side of Fort
Canning Hill. Among these are ruins of a terrace 40 feet (12 m) square near the top of the hill that he took to be a temple, with another terrace almost as big on the northern slope of
522:
and other locations. The excavations confirmed the presence of a thriving settlement and a trade port here during the 14th century. The artefacts found show that Fort
Canning Hill was occupied by the elites, with perhaps a royal palace. It was also the location of artisanal workshops where glass
465:, the east by the sea, and the west by a salt creek that would overflow at high water. A fresh water rivulet formed a kind of a moat alongside the wall. Although Wang Dayuan mentioned that Ban Zu was gated, no opening was apparent along this wall according to Crawfurd.
350:(Pansur) in Sumatra was known to the Arabs in the 10th century, and Fansur was also the name of a capital of Johor in the 16th century. A spring used to exist on the west side of Fort Canning Hill, called
473:(who actually died in Malacca). Crawfurd also mentioned ancient fruit trees cultivated in the gardens, and found pottery fragments and Chinese coins, the earliest of which were dated to 10th century
229:
20:
1825 map of
Singapore. Ban Zu is likely a settlement located within the boundary of the Old lines of Singapore (ruins of an old wall still visible in 1825 and marked on this map) and
449:
and its nearby areas. Ruins of an old city in
Singapore were still visible by the early 19th century, but have since been obliterated by the development of Singapore.
236:
649:
Full original text: 地勢連龍牙門後山，若纏若斷，起凹峯而盤結，故民環居焉。田瘠，穀少登。氣候不齊，夏則多雨而微寒。俗質，披短髮，緞錦纏頭，紅油布繫身。煮海為鹽，釀米為酒，名明家西。有酋長。地產上等鶴頂、中等降眞、木綿花。貿易之貨，用絲布、鐵條、土印布、赤金、甆器、鐵鼎之屬
954:
901:
411:
of medium quality, and cotton. They traded in silk cloths, iron bars, local cotton prints, red gold, porcelain, and iron utensils.
16:
986:
339:
489:
in the Second World War. The remaining ornaments have since been reappraised; the gold armband was recently identified as a
222:
862:
673:
595:
794:
Southeast Asia-China interactions: reprint of articles from the
Journal of the Malaysian Branch, Royal Asiatic Society
802:
775:
566:
486:
924:
705:
480:
In 1928, a cache of gold ornaments dating to the mid-14th century was discovered at Fort
Canning Hill while the
481:
423:
1039:
792:
737:
Derek Heng Thiam Soon (2002). "Reconstructing Banzu, a
Fourteenth-Century Port Settlement in Singapore".
515:
879:
821:
614:
395:
35:
159:
546:
172:
826:
The Golden Khersonese: Studies in the Historical Geography of the Malay Peninsula before A.D. 1500
619:
The Golden Khersonese: Studies in the Historical Geography of the Malay Peninsula before A.D. 1500
767:
Rethinking Cultural Resource Management in Southeast Asia: Preservation, Development, and Neglect
62:
987:"Recent Archaeological Excavations in Singapore: A Comparison of Three Fourteenth-Century Sites"
519:
141:
909:
852:
765:
663:
585:
829:
622:
541:
536:
355:
120:
8:
742:
372:
written by Wang Dayuan. Ban Zu was described as being located behind on a hill behind
51:
431:
probably dating to the mid-14th century. The plaque on the armlet possibly features a
1001:
858:
833:
798:
771:
669:
626:
591:
446:
428:
297:
192:
1009:
454:
450:
257:
212:
689:
644:
511:
301:
183:
131:
21:
368:
310:
761:
404:
285:
275:
510:
in 1984, later expanded to nearby area bounded by the hill, the banks of the
354:
or "forbidden spring" in Malay, where the women of the royal household in old
304:
basin between the hill and the sea. It was mentioned by the Chinese traveller
1033:
1005:
837:
630:
470:
462:
457:
503:
474:
107:
955:"Style and Substance: Investigating the Gold Ornaments of Ancient Temasek"
43:
507:
373:
315:
305:
83:
746:
694:
Original text: 近年以七十餘艘來侵單馬錫，攻打城池，一月不下。本處閉關而守，不敢與爭。遇爪哇使臣經過，暹人聞之乃遁，遂掠昔里而歸。
499:
motif and two of the circular ornaments bore Hindu-Buddhist references.
491:
433:
346:
meaning "spring of water". Pancur is a common placename in the region.
322:. It may have been abandoned before 1400 after an attack by either the
453:
mentioned the lines of the old city and its defences, and the British
524:
327:
293:
925:"The So-Called 'Kāla Head' Armband of Temasek: A Preliminary Report"
706:"The So-Called 'Kāla Head' Armband of Temasek: A Preliminary Report"
408:
323:
366:
Historical information on Ban Zu comes from the Yuan dynasty work
319:
72:
347:
265:
150:
445:
Ban Zu is believed by some scholars to be located on today's
739:
Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
884:
Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
296:
during the 14th century. It is proposed to be located on
495:
as opposed to its former identification as a Javanese
469:
the hill that local Malays believed to be the tomb of
736:
403:
Wang reported that the local produce of Ban Zu were
292:) was a port settlement believed to have thrived in
994:
Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association
880:"Gold Ornaments Dug Up at Fort Canning, Singapore'"
854:Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300–1800
665:Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300–1800
587:Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300–1800
1031:
418:
877:
820:
613:
502:Archaeological excavations were conducted on
230:
961:. International Institute for Asian Studies
850:
816:
814:
661:
609:
607:
583:
980:
978:
976:
237:
223:
657:
655:
811:
604:
422:
15:
973:
280:
1032:
984:
759:
732:
730:
652:
361:
300:and the area on the north bank of the
764:; Geok Yian Goh; Sue OConnor (eds.).
527:as suggested by historical accounts.
790:
760:Miksic, John N. (15 December 2011).
437:, formerly identified as a Javanese
318:as the two settlements that made up
727:
13:
959:IIAS The Newsletter 94 Spring 2023
14:
1051:
381:This locality is the hill behind
851:John Miksic (15 November 2013).
662:John Miksic (15 November 2013).
584:John Miksic (15 November 2013).
487:Japanese occupation of Singapore
206:
42:
952:
946:
922:
916:
894:
878:R.O. Winstedt (November 1928).
871:
844:
784:
703:
668:. NUS Press. pp. 177–178.
753:
697:
682:
637:
577:
559:
389:. They are under a chieftain.
270:
1:
934:. ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute
770:. Anthem Press. p. 220.
715:. ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute
552:
932:Temasek Working Paper Series
713:Temasek Working Paper Series
394:Wang Dayuan, translation by
7:
530:
419:Description and archaeology
10:
1056:
857:. NUS Press. p. 214.
830:University of Malaya Press
741:. 75, No. 1 (282): 69–90.
623:University of Malaya Press
590:. NUS Press. p. 216.
36:Early history of Singapore
573:. National Library Board.
514:and the sea, such as the
261:
547:Archaeology in Singapore
516:Parliament House Complex
173:Archaeology in Singapore
985:Miksic, John N (2000).
358:were said to bathe in.
333:
482:Fort Canning reservoir
442:
401:
25:
797:. pp. 298, 305.
426:
379:
340:Chinese transcription
19:
1040:History of Singapore
832:. pp. 120–122.
791:Wade, Geoff (2007).
542:Kingdom of Singapura
537:History of Singapore
213:Singapore portal
121:Kingdom of Singapura
912:on 7 November 2010.
427:Jewellery found at
362:Historical accounts
338:Ban Zu is likely a
140: •
130: •
92: •
82: •
625:. pp. 83–84.
443:
342:of the Malay word
26:
902:"The Archaeology"
447:Fort Canning Hill
429:Fort Canning Hill
298:Fort Canning Hill
247:
246:
200:
199:
193:Fort Canning Hill
167:
166:
101:
100:
33:
1047:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1014:
1008:. Archived from
991:
982:
971:
970:
968:
966:
950:
944:
943:
941:
939:
929:
920:
914:
913:
908:. Archived from
906:World of Temasek
898:
892:
891:
875:
869:
868:
848:
842:
841:
828:. Kuala Lumpur:
818:
809:
808:
788:
782:
781:
757:
751:
750:
734:
725:
724:
722:
720:
710:
701:
695:
693:
686:
680:
679:
659:
650:
648:
641:
635:
634:
621:. Kuala Lumpur:
611:
602:
601:
581:
575:
574:
563:
451:Stamford Raffles
405:hornbill casques
399:
282:
272:
263:
239:
232:
225:
211:
210:
209:
180:
179:
116:
115:
59:
58:
46:
31:
28:
27:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1018:
1016:
1012:
989:
983:
974:
964:
962:
951:
947:
937:
935:
927:
921:
917:
900:
899:
895:
876:
872:
865:
849:
845:
819:
812:
805:
789:
785:
778:
758:
754:
735:
728:
718:
716:
708:
702:
698:
688:
687:
683:
676:
660:
653:
643:
642:
638:
612:
605:
598:
582:
578:
565:
564:
560:
555:
533:
512:Singapore River
421:
400:
393:
364:
352:pancur larangan
336:
302:Singapore River
243:
207:
205:
184:Singapore Stone
132:Sang Nila Utama
34:
22:Singapore River
12:
11:
5:
1053:
1043:
1042:
1026:
1025:
972:
945:
915:
893:
870:
864:978-9971695743
863:
843:
810:
803:
783:
776:
762:John N. Miksic
752:
726:
696:
681:
675:978-9971695743
674:
651:
636:
603:
597:978-9971695743
596:
576:
557:
556:
554:
551:
550:
549:
544:
539:
532:
529:
420:
417:
391:
363:
360:
335:
332:
314:together with
245:
244:
242:
241:
234:
227:
219:
216:
215:
202:
201:
198:
197:
195:
189:
188:
186:
176:
175:
169:
168:
165:
164:
162:
156:
155:
153:
147:
146:
144:
137:
136:
134:
127:
126:
124:
112:
111:
103:
102:
99:
98:
96:
89:
88:
86:
79:
78:
76:
68:
67:
65:
55:
54:
48:
47:
39:
38:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1052:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1015:on 2007-08-18
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
988:
981:
979:
977:
960:
956:
949:
933:
926:
919:
911:
907:
903:
897:
889:
885:
881:
874:
866:
860:
856:
855:
847:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
822:Paul Wheatley
817:
815:
806:
804:9789679948387
800:
796:
795:
787:
779:
777:9781843313588
773:
769:
768:
763:
756:
748:
744:
740:
733:
731:
714:
707:
700:
691:
685:
677:
671:
667:
666:
658:
656:
646:
640:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
615:Paul Wheatley
610:
608:
599:
593:
589:
588:
580:
572:
568:
567:"Wang Dayuan"
562:
558:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
534:
528:
526:
521:
520:Empress Place
517:
513:
509:
505:
500:
498:
494:
493:
488:
483:
478:
476:
472:
471:Iskandar Shah
466:
464:
463:Stamford Road
459:
458:John Crawfurd
456:
452:
448:
440:
436:
435:
430:
425:
416:
412:
410:
406:
397:
396:Paul Wheatley
390:
388:
384:
378:
375:
371:
370:
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
312:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
277:
273:
267:
259:
255:
251:
240:
235:
233:
228:
226:
221:
220:
218:
217:
214:
204:
203:
196:
194:
191:
190:
187:
185:
182:
181:
178:
177:
174:
171:
170:
163:
161:
158:
157:
154:
152:
149:
148:
145:
143:
139:
138:
135:
133:
129:
128:
125:
123:
122:
118:
117:
114:
113:
110:
109:
105:
104:
97:
95:
91:
90:
87:
85:
81:
80:
77:
75:
74:
70:
69:
66:
64:
61:
60:
57:
56:
53:
50:
49:
45:
41:
40:
37:
30:
29:
23:
18:
1017:. Retrieved
1010:the original
997:
993:
963:. Retrieved
958:
948:
936:. Retrieved
931:
918:
910:the original
905:
896:
887:
883:
873:
853:
846:
825:
793:
786:
766:
755:
738:
717:. Retrieved
712:
699:
684:
664:
639:
618:
586:
579:
570:
561:
504:Fort Canning
501:
496:
490:
479:
475:Song Dynasty
467:
461:present day
444:
438:
432:
413:
402:
386:
382:
380:
369:Daoyi Zhilüe
367:
365:
351:
343:
337:
311:Daoyi Zhilüe
309:
308:in his work
289:
279:
269:
253:
249:
248:
119:
108:Malay Annals
106:
93:
71:
508:John Miksic
492:singhamukha
434:singhamukha
383:Long-ya-men
374:Long Ya Men
316:Long Ya Men
306:Wang Dayuan
142:Parameswara
84:Long Ya Men
32:Part of the
1019:2017-04-01
965:24 October
953:Ong, NSY.
938:24 October
923:Ong, NSY.
719:24 October
704:Ong, NSY.
645:"島夷誌略: 班卒"
571:History SG
553:References
276:Wade–Giles
160:Hang Nadim
1006:0156-1316
1000:: 56–61.
890:(4): 1–4.
838:504030596
690:"島夷誌略: 暹"
631:504030596
525:Majapahit
387:ming chia
356:Singapura
328:Majapahit
294:Singapore
1034:Category
824:(1961).
747:41493463
617:(1961).
531:See also
455:Resident
409:lakawood
392:—
52:Topynymy
326:or the
324:Siamese
320:Temasek
281:Pan-tsu
258:Chinese
73:Temasek
1004:
861:
836:
801:
774:
745:
672:
629:
594:
348:Fansur
344:pancur
290:Pancur
278::
268::
266:pinyin
260::
250:Ban Zu
151:Badang
94:Ban Zu
63:Sabana
1013:(PDF)
990:(PDF)
928:(PDF)
743:JSTOR
709:(PDF)
441:head.
286:Malay
271:Bānzú
254:Banzu
1002:ISSN
967:2023
940:2023
859:ISBN
834:OCLC
799:ISBN
772:ISBN
721:2023
670:ISBN
627:OCLC
592:ISBN
497:kala
485:the
439:kala
415:by.
334:Name
506:by
252:or
1036::
998:20
996:.
992:.
975:^
957:.
930:.
904:.
886:.
882:.
813:^
729:^
711:.
654:^
606:^
569:.
518:,
477:.
407:,
330:.
288::
284:;
274:;
264:;
262:班卒
1022:.
969:.
942:.
888:6
867:.
840:.
807:.
780:.
749:.
723:.
692:.
678:.
647:.
633:.
600:.
398:.
256:(
238:e
231:t
224:v
24:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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