137:(cereal) storage bays on either side on the upper floor; and byres, stables, cartshed, or other rooms below. Double doors entered the threshing barn on the upper floor in the long wall approached from a raised bank: these banks could be artificially created. Opposite the main doors was a small winnowing door that opened high above the farmyard level. A common arrangement had an open-fronted single bay cartshed below the threshing floor, with stables on one side and a cow-house on the other. The entrances to these lower floor rooms were protected from above in many cases by a continuous canopy, or pentise carried on timber or stone beams cantilevered from the main wall. Brick-built bank barns are less common.
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is a style of barn noted for its accessibility, at ground level, on two separate levels. Often built into the side of a hill or bank, the upper and the lower floors could be accessed from ground level, one area at the top of the hill and the other at the bottom. The second level of a bank barn could
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most common type of barn in
Pennsylvania during the colonial era. The Pennsylvania Barn is a specific type of bank barn with a forebay, a projecting floor on one or more sides of the barn. All forebay barns are bank barns, but not all bank barns are forebay barns. Robert F. Ensminger, in his book
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area. The barn doors were typically on the sidewall. With
William Penn's promise of freedom and inexpensive land, many settlers came to Pennsylvania. Among these settlers were the Germans, who began to build bank barns on their land. Many other settlers followed this practice, and it was soon the
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The design of some bank barns is called a "high-drive bank barn" allowed wagons to enter directly into the hay loft, making unloading the hay easier. Sometimes the high-drive was accessed by an earthen or wood ramp, and sometimes the ramp was covered like a bridge to make it more durable. In the
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housed 44 cattle in his 74 feet (23 m) long bank barn at Low Park. The cattle faced the side walls and backed onto a central manure passage. In other bank barns in
Cumbria, the side walls entrances gave access to a cow-house, stable, and cartshed; some 19th-century examples have four-horse
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The origins of bank barns in the UK are obscure. The bank barn had made its first appearance in
Cumbria by the 1660s on the farms of wealthy farmers: here, farmers bought drove cattle from Scotland and fattened them over winter before selling them in spring. The bank barn at Townend Farm,
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collection area. Many bank barns have a small incline leading up to the loft area instead of a ramp. Some bank barns are constructed directly into existing hillsides, while others are fitted with built-up earthen and stone areas to create the characteristic bank. The design is similar to
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is from a different tradition than the
Pennsylvania Barn. In New England, the barn doors are always on the gable end. The cows were on the main level, hay in a mow on the main level and/or above in haylofts, possibly grain storage on the main level, sometimes a
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states that, although the
British examples are older, the term "bank barn" is an imported term "to describe a type of farm building which is so common in certain parts of Britain that it has developed no descriptive term of its own".
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space could be utilized for animals while the area above, easily accessed by wagon because of the bank, could be used for feed and grain storage. Bank barns can be considered
English barns raised on an exposed full basement.
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room or workshop, and the basement was used for manure management and other tasks. The New
England barn, developed in the early 19th century, became the most popular barn type after 1850, replacing the smaller, side-entry
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Pennsylvania barns, the animals were housed on the basement level. In many other bank barns, the tie-ups were on the upper-ground level, and below the stables, a basement usually acted as a
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Ensminger, Robert F.. "Origin." The
Pennsylvania barn: its origin, evolution, and distribution in North America. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003.
101:, was built for the prominent Browne family in 1666. The great majority of bank barns were built in Cumbria between 1750 and 1860, and the last were built just before
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Bank barns were a popular 19th-century barn style in the US. These structures were sometimes called "basement barns" because of their exposed basement story.
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Visser, Thomas Durant. "Barns." Field guide to New
England barns and farm buildings. Hanover: University Press of New England, 1997. 83.
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Visser, Thomas Durant. "Barns." Field guide to New England barns and farm buildings. Hanover: University Press of New England, 1997.
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As well as the true bank barns that occur in a small concentration in Devon, a variation on the bank barn is also found in Devon and
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429:, Taking Care of Your Old Barn, University of Vermont, Vermont Division for Historic Preservation. Retrieved 7 February 2007.
371:, Indiana Department of Natural Resources, DNR-Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology. Retrieved 8 February 2007.
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Examples of bank barns can be found in the United Kingdom, in the United States, in eastern Canada, in Norway, in the
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Usually stone-built, British bank barns are rectangular buildings. They usually have a central threshing area with
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stables, root houses (for storage of root crops for fodder), and feeding and dung passages for the cows.
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68:). The lower side of this example has four doorways, one now blocked, to different spaces for livestock
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where the upper floor is accessed by external stone steps rather than the hillside or a ramp.
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202:, identifies three basic types of Pennsylvania barn: the Sweitzer, standard, and extended.
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The English Lake District bank barn is another type found only in Pennsylvania.
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The Pennsylvania barn: its origin, evolution, and distribution in North America
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Similar barns are also found in upstate New York and westward Canada.
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Bank barns are especially common in the upland areas of Britain, in
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also be accessed from a ramp if a hill was unavailable.
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325:. Blandford Press, Cassell, London. pp. 99–101.
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24:. Note its accessibility on two different levels.
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481:Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission
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260:except for the bank and basement aspects. The
441:Photos of Bank barns, Various websites. See:
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140:In the 1660s, Sir Daniel Fleming of
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467:. All Retrieved 7 February 2007.
381:Dunaway, Wayland Fuller (1935).
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298:Cider House and Stone Bank Barn
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173:Bank barns in the United States
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479:, Architectural Field Guide,
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246:has a ramp of dirt and stone.
164:The architectural historian
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80:in northern England and in
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385:A History of Pennsylvania
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189:, the upper floor was a
117:The same bank barn near
515:Timber framed buildings
510:Vernacular architecture
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321:Jeremy Lake (1989).
427:Historic Barn Types
362:Basement Barn Style
463:2007-09-28 at the
453:2006-12-14 at the
367:2007-02-08 at the
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242:This bank barn in
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84:in the southwest.
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44:in France, and in
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275:Pennsylvania barn
187:Pennsylvania barn
60:A bank barn near
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160:Terminology
103:World War I
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494:Categories
281:References
142:Rydal Hall
99:Cumberland
97:in former
64:(formerly
95:Troutbeck
30:bank barn
461:Archived
451:Archived
365:Archived
344:(1987).
269:See also
262:basement
244:Illinois
154:Cornwall
42:Dordogne
22:Delaware
191:hayloft
185:In the
144:in the
88:History
78:Cumbria
253:manure
234:Design
195:stable
119:Barras
109:Design
46:Umbria
500:Barns
82:Devon
220:tack
213:The
135:corn
76:and
133:or
131:hay
32:or
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28:A
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