33:
406:
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227:
402:, such "haphazard" selections of women artists including Longhi rarely offered "serious criticism of their achievement." Greer then offered her own assessment: "Barbara's output was considerable, all small pictures, remarkable for their purity of line and soft brilliance of colour" and "Barbara Longhi brings to her extremely conservative picture-making a simplicity and intensity of feeling quite beyond her mannerist father and her dilettante brother."
372:
may have also served as an inspiration. While influenced by these major figures, her own unique style evolved; for example, her delicate rendering of features such as arms and necks on her
Madonnas, and her use of a "warm and subtle golden palette". She "links traditional composition with intensity
344:
The simplicity of composition and subtle colour palette used in her paintings also reflect the doctrines of the
Counter-Reformation. Her relatively small works, as opposed to the large altarpieces created by her father, are indicative of their intended emphasis on devotional thoughts. She sought to
420:
You should know that in
Ravenna lives today a girl of eighteen years of age, daughter of the Excellent painter Messer Luca Longhi. She is so wonderful in this art that her own father begins to be astonished by her, especially in her portraits as she barely glances at a person that she can portray
223:. She also modeled, and gained some familiarity with the process of marketing her artwork to patrons. Although her training was completed by 1570, her ties to her family and to her father's workshop remained strong. Very little is known of her life, not even whether she was ever married.
275:] had developed several years earlier in Bologna, according to a repertoire tied to late Mannerism". It has been suggested that Longhi may have presented her self-portrait as the devotional image of a saint in order to avoid the appearance of indulging in the sin of
329:
in that it does not depict the violent act; instead, her Judith appears to seek forgiveness as she looks heavenward. This is consistent with
Counter-Reformation ideas about willingness to admit guilt, and believing in absolution for the penitent.
294:" ("painted by Barbara Longhi"). As almost all of her work was unsigned, it is unknown how many paintings she created or are still in existence. Only about fifteen are definitively attributed to her. Of those, about twelve are paintings of the
218:
painter, and her older brother
Francesco (1544–1618) was also a painter. Both siblings received painting education from their father and were part of his studio, with Barbara assisting in such projects as work on large
267:) bears a strong resemblance to her father's depictions of her in the two paintings mentioned above, and it is generally acknowledged as a self-portrait. Of Longhi's portrayal of herself as the aristocratic, cultured
194:; 21 September 1552 – 23 December 1638) was an Italian painter. She was much admired in her lifetime as a portraitist, although most of her portraits are now lost or unattributed. Her work, such as her many
425:
Despite a measure of fame in her home town of
Ravenna, Longhi was not well known elsewhere during her lifetime. Her paintings provide some insight into the Counter-Reformation's influence on regional art.
271:, Irene Graziani writes that "when she exhibits an image of herself, Barbara, too, is presented according to the model of the virtuous, elegant and erudite woman, revisiting the themes which Lavinia [
244:, is known today. This is also her only known painting depicting an adult male, and one of only a few that includes a date (although the last digit is not entirely legible; it may be 1570 or 1573).
283:, the painting was acquired by the Museo d'Arte della Città di Ravenna in 1829, and underwent a restoration in 1980. Several other of her depictions of Catherine of Alexandria exist.
390:
345:
evoke empathy in the viewer with her subjects. She resisted the trend to create huge
Biblical scenes, instead concentrating on serene depictions of the Virgin and Child.
434:
The Museo d'Arte della Città di
Ravenna owns seven works by Barbara Longhi, as well as eleven of her father Luca's and three by her brother Francesco.
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932:
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394:. Vasari writes that Longhi "draws very well, and she has begun to colour some things with good grace and manner". But as
32:
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442:
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Most of Longhi's paintings are unsigned, but on one she included the initials "B.L.F.", standing for "Barbara Longhi
172:
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Longhi is one of the few female artists mentioned in the second edition (1568) of
Italian painter and art historian
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739:. Fredericton, New Brunswick (Canada): Gooselane Editions, 2023. ISBN 9781773103181.
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302:. It is thought that some of her works may be erroneously attributed to her father.
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126:
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395:
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Longhi was very respected as a portraitist, but only one of her portraits, the
891:
295:
248:
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Barbara Longhi was born on 21 September 1552 in the northern
Italian city of
357:
314:
290:" ("made by Barbara Longhi") and on another, "B.L.P.", for "Barbara Longhi
64:
735:
Banta, Andaleeb Badiee and Alexa Greist, with Theresa Kutasz Christensen.
857:
239:
211:
109:
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Muzio Manfredi assessed Longhi's talent in a 1575 lecture in Bologna:
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215:
99:
832:
Women in Italian Renaissance Art: Gender, Representation, Identity
349:
207:
60:
804:
The Obstacle Race: The Fortunes of Women Painters and Their Work
737:
Making her Mark: A History of Women Artists in Europe, 1400-1800
400:
The Obstacle Race: The Fortunes of Women Painters and Their Work
391:
Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects
276:
368:. The international success of famed female Italian painter
305:
Among Longhi's paintings which do not depict the Madonna is
141:
132:
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She died in Ravenna on 23 December 1638, at the age of 86.
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158:
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better than anybody else with the sitter posing in front.
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paintings, earned her a fine reputation as an artist.
173:
770:
Cheney, Liana De Girolami (2001). Delia Gaze (ed.).
152:
138:
129:
313:was also painted by other female artists including
149:
135:
748:
437:Her work is represented in the collections of the
751:Italian Women Artists from Renaissance to Baroque
461:, and also in the Santa Maria Maggiore (Ravenna).
889:
863:The Northeastern Dictionary of Women's Biography
255:. Longhi also probably modeled for her father's
279:. Originally commissioned for the monastery of
210:, where she spent her entire life. Her father,
662:
298:; such paintings were very popular during the
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743:Ceroni, Nadia (2007). "Barbara Longhi". In
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325:. Longhi's version differs greatly from
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373:of feeling and innovative colouring."
253:Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints
797:
755:. Milan, Italy: Skira Editore S.p.A.
189:
745:National Museum of Women in the Arts
672:. Phaidon Press. 2019. p. 249.
555:
553:
551:
503:National Museum of Women in the Arts
247:Longhi's father had depicted her as
773:Concise Dictionary of Women Artists
650:
613:
471:
327:two versions painted by Gentileschi
13:
933:17th-century Italian women artists
923:16th-century Italian women artists
307:Judith with the Head of Holofernes
14:
954:
548:
443:National Museum of Art of Romania
348:Her artistic influences included
201:
125:
835:. Manchester University Press.
451:Pinacoteca Nazionale di Bologna
214:(1507–1580), was a well-known
429:
1:
928:17th-century Italian painters
918:16th-century Italian painters
464:
379:
269:Saint Catherine of Alexandria
261:Saint Catherine of Alexandria
40:Saint Catherine of Alexandria
7:
231:Virgin and Child with Saint
10:
959:
729:
459:Indianapolis Museum of Art
16:Italian artist (1552–1638)
621:"Italian Women Artists 3"
338:Madonna Adoring the Child
281:Sant'Apollinare in Classe
105:
95:
87:
71:
46:
30:
23:
860:; Hendry, Maggy (1999).
776:. Taylor & Francis.
659:Uglow and Hendry, p. 20.
191:[ˈbarbaraˈloŋɡi]
943:Female Catholic artists
829:Tinagli, Paola (1997).
453:, Museo Biblioteca del
898:Italian women painters
506:. 2008. Archived from
423:
413:
341:
234:
418:
408:
336:
323:Artemisia Gentileschi
251:in his 1570 painting
229:
82:Ravenna, Papal States
370:Sofonisba Anguissola
362:Marcantonio Raimondi
354:Antonio da Correggio
309:(ca. 1570–75).
903:People from Ravenna
670:Great women artists
447:Pinacoteca di Brera
300:Counter-Reformation
858:Uglow, Jennifer S.
414:
412:, ca. 1580–85
366:Agostino Veneziano
342:
340:, ca. 1600–05
235:
233:, ca. 1590–95
938:Catholic painters
873:978-1-55553-421-9
842:978-0-7190-4054-2
814:978-1-86064-677-5
783:978-1-57958-335-4
762:978-88-7624-919-8
410:Madonna and Child
398:discussed in her
319:Elisabetta Sirani
196:Madonna and Child
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57:21 September 1552
37:Self-portrait, as
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571:on 20 March 2012
567:. Archived from
561:"Barbara Longhi"
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498:"Barbara Longhi"
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296:Virgin and Child
257:Nuptials of Cana
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695:Tinagli, p. 12.
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647:Cheney, p. 455.
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545:Cheney, p. 454.
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510:on 25 June 2011
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386:Giorgio Vasari
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118:Barbara Longhi
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96:Known for
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79:(aged 86)
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77:(1638-12-23)
65:Papal States
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913:1638 deaths
908:1552 births
565:Art Fortune
430:Collections
240:Camaldolese
221:altarpieces
212:Luca Longhi
110:Luca Longhi
88:Nationality
892:Categories
465:References
380:Assessment
53:1552-09-21
449:(Milan),
441:(Paris),
216:Mannerist
123:English:
866:. UPNE.
801:(2001).
187:Italian:
100:Painting
747:(ed.).
730:Sources
350:Raphael
273:Fontana
208:Ravenna
91:Italian
61:Ravenna
879:9 June
870:
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820:9 June
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789:9 June
780:
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630:9 June
575:9 June
514:9 June
457:, and
455:Grappa
364:, and
292:pinxit
277:vanity
259:. Her
106:Father
288:fecit
265:above
182:-ghee
881:2011
868:ISBN
850:2011
837:ISBN
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809:ISBN
791:2011
778:ISBN
757:ISBN
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632:2011
577:2011
516:2011
321:and
242:Monk
180:LONG
174:bar-
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